Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
  • B60J7/02—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes
  • B60J7/04—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs of sliding type, e.g. comprising guide shoes with rigid plate-like element or elements, e.g. open roofs with harmonica-type folding rigid panels
  • B60J7/043—Sunroofs e.g. sliding above the roof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
  • B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
  • B32B17/10229—Metallic layers sandwiched by dielectric layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3626—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one layer at least containing a nitride, oxynitride, boronitride or carbonitride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3657—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
  • C03C17/366—Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
  • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
  • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
  • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
  • C03C17/3681—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
  • C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
  • C03C2217/78—Coatings specially designed to be durable, e.g. scratch-resistant

Definitions

• the present invention relates to solar control glazing consisting of a glass substrate carrying a system of thin layers, including at least one thin layer conferring these solar control properties.
• At the functional layer are associated dielectric layers whose role includes adjusting the reflection properties, coloring and protection against mechanical or chemical alterations in the properties of the glazing.
• Glazing according to the invention is intended to garnish buildings such as motor vehicles. According to these uses, certain required properties may differ as explained later.
• the features of solar control glazing are multiple. For cars they concern in particular the prevention of heating of the passenger compartment exposed to solar radiation when it is sufficiently intense, while maintaining an appropriate light transmission. In other words, the energy transmission of the glazing, TE, must be as low as possible while maintaining a light transmission, TL, adequate. The glazing must therefore have a TL / TE ratio as high as possible. This ratio is designated as constituting the selectivity of the glazing.
• the considered energy transmission includes on the one hand direct transmission. It also includes the energy re - emitted towards the cabin after absorption by the substrate and the layer system.
• Glazing particularly automotive glazing, must also contribute to the establishment of temperature regulation conditions in winter, avoiding energy loss to the outside of the passenger compartment. Glazing must also have low-emissivity properties. They oppose the emission of energy radiations from the passenger compartment. In the smooth installation of these properties, automotive glazing is subject to regulations that set the minimum light transmission guaranteeing adequate vision through these windows. The windshield, and in a smaller hut the side windows at the driver must have a high transmission.
• the invention relates to glazings for which the light transmission is subject only to the choice of the manufacturers and their customers. These windows cover increasingly important surfaces and in particular for glazed roofs, but also where appropriate glasses and rear side windows.
• the light transmissions of the glazing in question may be limited to less than 20% and even less, in particular as regards roofs. But if the characteristics of these windows are relatively less restrictive at least as regards their light transmission, the other properties do not offer the same facilities.
• a significant characteristic relates to the ability to produce glazing that can withstand heat treatments without their color especially in reflection is significantly changed.
• the objective is to be able to arrange heat-treated and non-heat-treated glass panels side by side, without any differences in color.
• the optical properties are defined for glazings whose substrate is made of clear ordinary "float" glass of 4 mm thick. The choice of the substrate intervenes obviously on these properties.
• the light transmission under 4mm in the absence of a layer, is approximately 90% and the reflection at 8%.
• the measurements are made according to EN 410.
• the presence of diaper systems can cause color problems. Most often manufacturers ask that the glazing offer both in transmission and reflection a coloration as neutral as possible and therefore gray appearance. of the slightly green or bluish colorings are also possible.
• the layer systems, and in particular the dielectric layers flanking the functional layers are chosen, natures, indices and thicknesses, especially for controlling these colorations.
• Automotive glazing in theory can be multiple to give them a better property of insulation including thermal. In fact, these achievements are exceptional.
• the vast majority of these glazings consist of single glazing, monolithic or laminated. In these two cases, in order for the low-emissivity to be expressed properly, it is necessary to have a face which is not immune to mechanical or chemical stresses. The systems in question must therefore have very good resistance to these possible attacks.
• the layer systems are normally on the face of the window facing the passenger compartment. But even in this position they must offer very good mechanical strength.
• the layer systems according to the invention must still lend themselves to shaping glazing.
• Those used in vehicles are in particular the object of heat treatment during forming, in particular the bending of the glass sheets, or during the quenching intended to confer in particular reinforced mechanical properties.
• the layers used according to the invention must support these treatments without their properties being degraded. Treatments of this type impose temperatures that exceed 600 ° C for about ten minutes. Subjected to these temperatures the layers must preserve their qualities. Faults often caused during such treatments, are the appearance of iridescence, modification of the light transmission, or especially the formation of a more or less important veil. In practice the glazing subjected to these treatments must not develop a haze that would be greater than 1% or even greater than 0.5%.
• the combination of functionalities requires that they be particularly transparent.
• the most common is to select one or more metal layers of very small thickness.
• One or more layers of silver arranged between dielectric layers that (they) protect and minimize both the reflection and adjust the neutrality.
• the layer systems obtained as a whole have the limitation of a certain fragility, especially mechanical, even in the presence of specific layers of protection.
• the prior art proposes glazings comprising functional layers of metal or metal alloys, nitrides or oxynitrides of various metals and especially NiCr, Mo, W, Ta, CoCr, Al, Nb, Zr.
• metal or metal alloys nitrides or oxynitrides of various metals and especially NiCr, Mo, W, Ta, CoCr, Al, Nb, Zr.
• dielectric layers known to be relatively hard. In this field the most usual layers are those of silica, SiO 2 , and silicon nitride, Si 3 N 4 .
• a proposal according to the invention is to form on a glass substrate, a system of layers, comprising at least the following layers:
• a relatively absorbent layer based on tungsten or tungsten alloyed with one or more metals of the group comprising: Ti, Nb, Zr, Ta, and Cr; a layer of aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, which layer is located between the glass substrate and the tungsten-based absorbent layer;
• a silicon nitride layer situated above the absorbing layer.
• the tungsten-based functional layers are advantageously sufficiently thick to limit the light transmission but especially simultaneously to significantly reduce the energy transmission.
• the thickness of this layer is preferably between 50 and 600 ° and particularly preferably from 100 to 450 °.
• the layers of aluminum nitride or silicon nitride disposed between the substrate and the functional layer protect the functional layer against alterations thereof by the diffusion of ions of the substrate particularly in the heat treatment operations.
• the aluminum nitride layers are particularly efficient. These factors are also relevant to the establishment of optical properties and in particular to colorimetric characteristics.
• these layers of aluminum nitride or silicon nitride have a thickness of between 100 and 500 ° and preferably between 150 and 400 °.
• the thicknesses of the silicon nitride layers simultaneously make it possible to adjust the level of reflection on the side of the glass and its coloration in reflection. This thickness also operates on the resistance of the system to external aggressions, especially mechanical aggression.
• the resistance does not grow uniformly with the thickness of the layer. If a minimum is necessary, an excessive increase is not favorable.
• the silicon nitride layer has a thickness of between 100 and 900 ° and particularly preferably between 200 and 650 °.
• the tungsten is alloyed with one or more other metals these constitute not more than 20 atomic% of the whole, and preferably not more than 10 atomic%
• the layer systems used according to the invention may further comprise additional layers which contribute in particular to the stability of the functional layer and also improve the regularity of this layer.
• additional layers which contribute in particular to the stability of the functional layer and also improve the regularity of this layer.
• One way of improvement is to deposit on the functional layer and in contact therewith, a thin metal layer of zirconium, tantalum or niobium.
• a layer of the same nature, or different, can also be located under the functional layer, and also in contact with this layer.
• the additional layer has a thickness of between 10 and 70 °, and particularly preferably 20 to 50 °.
• the glazings according to the invention find various applications by adapting their properties by adjusting the layers and in particular their thicknesses.
• the functional layer controls the light and energy transmissions.
• the light transmission remains relatively small. It does not normally exceed 50%, but can be as low as 4% for the thickest layers.
• the dielectric layers in particular the upper layer controls in particular the reflection of the system.
• the alternation of the high and low refractive index layers makes it possible to control the reflection.
• the thickness of the layers is also a determining factor. Within the limits of the thicknesses indicated above, the increase in the thickness of the silicon nitride layer situated above the functional layer reduces the intensity of the reflection on the side of the glass as on the layer side.
• the reflection For the most common applications, especially automotive applications, the reflection must be kept relatively low. It is normally less than 30% and most usually less than 20%, and can be as low as 4%.
• An essential characteristic of glazing according to the invention remains their ability to limit energy transmissions. This is solar radiation, and as a result of the limitation of warming the space exposed to the sun, so as to limit the use of air conditioning means, whether buildings or vehicles. It is also the opposite, when the space in question is hotter than the outside, to avoid excessive heat loss through the glazing.
• the protection against solar radiation is quantified by the "solar factor" (FS or g) which corresponds to the value of the energy effectively transmitted through the glazing and that reemitted inwards after being absorbed by the glazing.
• the solar factor of glazing according to the invention is not usually greater than 30% and preferably not more than 20%.
• the presence of the layer system according to the invention is also useful to prevent the loss of heat.
• the measurement of this so-called emissivity property is carried out according to standard EN 12898.
• An appropriate choice of thickness of the layers makes it possible to obtain, according to the invention, a glazing whose normal emissivity is not greater than 0.35, and advantageously less than 0.20.
• the colorations of the glazings are advantageously kept relatively neutral. In practice the perception of colors is all the less sensitive as reflections and transmissions are low. Nevertheless, it remains preferred to keep the colors as light as possible and in particular to avoid coloring in reflection towards yellow or red. In the CIELAB system, for an illuminant D65 at an angle of 10 °, the colorations in question correspond to values a * and b * as close as possible to 0, and especially to values of a * which are not positive.
• the layer systems according to the invention leads to glazings particularly resistant to heat treatments, especially when these systems comprise an aluminum nitride layer between the glass substrate and the functional layer.
• the layer systems according to the invention it is possible to maintain the haze at values of less than 1% (corresponding to the percentage of scattered light, measured according to ASTM standard 0 1003-61), and advantageously to a value of less than 0.5% after a heat treatment which leads the coated glazing to 650 ° C, and maintains it at this temperature for 10 minutes.
• Heat treatments of the bending / tempering type can also induce more or less sensitive modifications. It's better to minimize these variations so that the heat treated or non-thermally glazed have a virtually unchanged appearance.
• Glazing according to the invention can be part of double glazing and in this case the layer system can be arranged in the space between the two glass sheets, which limits the risk of alteration including mechanical. Nevertheless, a significant feature of the proposed layer systems for glazing according to the invention is their mechanical and chemical resistance. This resistance is such that they can be used with the exposed layer system without further protection.
• the glazing may be composed of a single sheet of glass, the layer systems being applied to one side of this sheet. It may also be a laminated glazing comprising two or more sheets of glass, the sheets being joined by means of interlayer sheets of thermoplastic material according to the traditional techniques in this field.
• the layer system is preferably disposed on the side facing the interior of the vehicle or building. This position leads to the most important infrared ray reflection. For vehicles this position leads the layer on the side facing the cockpit. In this position the layer system resists better than the solicitations, especially for fixed glazing (roof, telescope ...) are relatively limited.
• the glazings according to the invention carrying the layer systems are tested for their chemical resistance properties in particular following the standardized test EN1096-2.
• the system is routinely tested for moisture resistance (10 days in a climate chamber) and a chemical resistance test (neutral salt spray for 10 days).
• a wet friction test ("AWRT", for "automatic wet rub test”).
• ADSOL 40700004 Cotton fabric
• Cotton is kept moist throughout the test with demineralised water.
• the oscillation frequency is 60 to 90 per minute. The possible alterations of the layer are observed.
• glazing according to the invention are given by way of illustration. These windows are intended for the preparation of roofs for motor vehicles. In these applications, the glazings are used either in monolithic form or in laminated form. In all cases the layers are arranged on the side facing the cockpit.
• the leaves on which the layers are deposited can also be colored glasses. It is also possible to combine the glass sheets used, some being colored others not, or in the case of laminated glass using colorless or colored interleaves. The combinations of these different elements make it possible in particular to modify the colored aspects of the glazings concerned.
• the choice of a colored glass makes it possible not only to modify the transmission but also, if necessary, the energy absorption.
• the presence of colored interlayer essentially affects the color aspect of the glazing.
• Laminated glazings may also have additional functions that are customary in this field.
• glazing can be made to provide a limitation of noise pollution.
• the most usual, without increasing the thickness of the glasses concerned, is to use laminated structures comprising interlayer sheets having a greater plasticity than that of traditional laminates.
• the functional and dielectric layers are applied by a sputtering technique under conditions customary for this type of technique.
• the dielectric layers of aluminum nitride or silicon are produced from metal targets in an atmosphere consisting of a mixture of argon (30-70%) and nitrogen (70-30%) under total pressure. of 4mTorr (0.53Pa).
• argon a mixture of argon (30-70%) and nitrogen (70-30%) under total pressure.
• nitrogen 70-30%) under total pressure.
• 4mTorr 0.53Pa
• a small amount of oxygen may be introduced during the deposition.
• the tungsten layer and any zirconium layers are deposited from metal cathodes in an argon atmosphere alone.
• the following systems are produced.
• the layers are in order, from left to right, starting from the glass.
• the approximate thicknesses are expressed in angstroms.
• the angle at which these measurements are made is 2 ° for transmission and reflection, and 10 ° for colorimetric coordinates, and the illuminant is D65.
• the samples are also subjected to a heat treatment comprising holding at 670 ° C for 7 minutes.
• a heat treatment comprising holding at 670 ° C for 7 minutes.
• Variations of transmission, reflection and ⁇ are also given in the following table.
• the notations AIN and SiN designate the nitrides without representing a chemical formula, it being understood that the products obtained are not necessarily strictly stoichiometric, but are those obtained under the deposition conditions indicated and which are close to the stoichiometric products.
• the emissivity of samples 1 and 3 is respectively 0, 197 and 0.374. This emissivity is a function of the thickness of the functional layer based on tungsten, and decreases as the thickness of this layer increases.
• the emissivity and the solar factor of the previous samples are as follows:
• Example 14 is carried out on a highly absorbing gray glass, which has a transmission of 17% under a thickness of 4 mm. In contrary to previous samples The thickness of the glass is in this case 2.1 mm. Compared to other samples, the light transmission is reduced accordingly. This type of glass is particularly intended for the use of automotive roofs for which the transmission is always very small.

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• 2012
  • 2012-01-09 WO PCT/EP2012/050218 patent/WO2012095380A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-01-09 KR KR1020137020387A patent/KR20140003527A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-01-09 EP EP12700469.5A patent/EP2663537A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-01-09 CN CN201280005226XA patent/CN103391905A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-01-09 BR BR112013017791A patent/BR112013017791A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-01-09 JP JP2013548806A patent/JP2014503461A/ja not_active Ceased

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