EP2662499A2 - Quality assurance method for creating piles and open profile for the same - Google Patents
Quality assurance method for creating piles and open profile for the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP2662499A2 EP2662499A2 EP13166376.7A EP13166376A EP2662499A2 EP 2662499 A2 EP2662499 A2 EP 2662499A2 EP 13166376 A EP13166376 A EP 13166376A EP 2662499 A2 EP2662499 A2 EP 2662499A2
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- profile
- foot
- quality assurance
- receiver
- transmitter
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
- E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
- E02D13/06—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers for observation while placing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a quality assurance method for creating piles in the ground with a leading, open profile and inside promotion of the soil or at the bottom closure of the profile displacement of the soil. Furthermore, the invention relates to an open profile for the creation of foundation piles.
- Open profile means a component with a self-contained, in the longitudinal direction along the profile substantially the same cross-section.
- the profile is open at the bottom and top. Accordingly, open profiles in addition to circular casings and square tubes, box sections, shafts, caissons and the like can be.
- a pile is any form of foundation created by such an open profile.
- Piles are known for foundations in difficult subsoil. They serve to remove loads in greater depths.
- bored piles are known for vibration-free production of pile foundations for buildings on insufficiently stable ground.
- an open profile having a circular cross-section is pressed into the ground here as piping with an oscillating movement.
- the soil contained in the interior of this casing is removed as cuttings with a guided in the piping gripper or rinsing process.
- a probation basket is inserted into the exposed interior of the casing and concreted, whereby the casing is removed again.
- a plug formation in open subfloors introduced in the underground in order to use the entire bottom surface of the introduced open profile as a load-bearing surface can.
- a plug forms when the soil within the profile tightens sufficiently. If, therefore, a foundation with an open profile driven into the subsurface with plug formation is desired or expected, its quality can hitherto not be assessed in parallel with production.
- the object of the invention is to provide a quality assurance method for creating bored piles and a correspondingly prepared piping, in which the quality of the pile production can be monitored.
- the compression wave velocity in the area of the subsurface near the bottom of the hole is measured, on which the concreted pile is later deposited.
- "along a chord of the cross section of the profile” means a measurement of the compression wave velocity perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the profile, ie in the cross section of the profile from one point of the cross section of the profile to an opposite further point on the cross section of the profile.
- the measuring path can preferably be measured diagonally across the cross section of the profile, in the case of circular casings, in particular on the diameter, but also on shorter distances (chords).
- the device driver receives by the information from the sound measurement a reading to assess the manufacturing quality of the pile foundation.
- this is made possible by providing at least one sound transmitter on the inside of the profile and at least one sound receiver along a chord in the cross-section of the profile.
- a sound transmitter and receiver piezoelectric sensors in particular ultrasonic sensors can be used, for example.
- the measuring section should be designed along a chord of the profile, for example over the circular cross section in a casing, in particular over its diameter.
- Sound transmitters and receivers can be measured, for example, crosswise over two substantially perpendicular to each other diameter measuring sections. Of course, other geometric distributions are possible.
- the location of the dry concrete can be monitored by measuring the compression wave velocity.
- the transceivers are arranged 5 cm to 40 cm, preferably 10 cm to 30 cm, particularly preferably about 20 cm above the lower end of the profile.
- the transmitter / receiver are in the field of overfeed of the profile opposite the Bohrtretddling.
- the determined compressional wave velocity of the subsurface provides a measure of the load bearing capacity or loosening of the subsurface at the bottom of the hole.
- the transmitter / receiver are embedded in the profile to avoid damaging the transmitter / receiver when oscillating impressions and / or pulling the profile.
- the measuring devices can be controlled directly by the device driver and the measured values can be displayed and evaluated directly.
- each transmitter / receiver has a power supply, in particular accumulator, to be used for a pile foundation use.
- the measurement data is transmitted wirelessly via data transmission means, for example by radio or ultrasound transmission, whereby a simultaneous measurement data evaluation is also possible.
- a signal logger can be provided on the transmitter / receiver, which is read after creation of the pile foundation.
- simultaneous quality control is not possible in this embodiment, the recorded values can be used to secure the stability of the pile foundation created. It is advantageous in this embodiment, the lack of any, possibly disturbed and sensitive transmission means in the drilling situation.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-section through an area of the substrate U a depressed by a casing machine profile, here a casing 1 with a substantially cleared interior 10 is shown.
- the casing 1 is pressed by the beginning of the earth's surface O at the desired location of a casing machine, not shown here by oscillating motion.
- the interior 10 of the casing 1 is cleared away from the cuttings with a gripper, also not shown.
- the conveyance of the cuttings is thereby made so that the bottom hole 21 is located about 0.5 m above the foot 11 of the casing.
- a back-up fluid for example water, is filled in the borehole 2 (interior 10 of the casing 1).
- transmitter / receiver 3 Near the foot 11 of the casing 1 are transmitter / receiver 3, here consisting of a sound transmitter 31 and arranged on the diameter opposite arranged sound receiver 32.
- the sound transmitter 31 and the sound receiver 32 are in exceptions 12, which are introduced about 20 cm above the foot 11 of the casing 1, used.
- the sound transmitter 31 transmits on activation Fig. 1 represented sound signal, which is received by the sound receiver 32 opposite. Due to the measurable transit time of the sound signal through the ground in the area below the borehole bottom 21, the compression wave velocity v p can thus be determined.
- a further embodiment of the invention is also by suitable control and measurement recording of the sound transmitter 31 and the sound receiver 32 at the bottom hole 21, so the transition between the still fixed bottom in the interior 10 of the casing 1 and the created borehole 2 reflected wave measured ( Fig. 2 ). Based on the measured transit time and the underlying compression wave velocity from the measurement according to Fig. 1 Thus, the height of the bottom hole 21 can be determined over the foot 11 of the casing 1.
- the quality assurance method according to the invention and the piping according to the invention it is thus possible to record the quality of the foundation already when lowering the casing and conveying the cuttings and counteract any risks due to hydraulic ground failure and / or soil loosening directly can.
- loosening due to hydraulic ground failure or extreme ground relaxation can be verified by a significantly reduced compression wave velocity.
- the features according to the invention when creating bored piles always the lead of the casing, so the measure between the foot 11 of the casing 1 and the bottom hole 21 can be determined by evaluating the wave reflected at the bottom hole.
- the in-depth desirable soil layer can be verified by measuring the compression speed (high compression wave velocity feature). Possibly. can thus be stopped at a lower depth with the setting of the bored pile, which means a significant cost savings.
- the viscosity index or the earth pressure coefficient can be determined for over-consolidated soil.
- the quality assurance method according to the invention and the piping according to the invention is a measure for work-parallel quality control when depositing bored piles in the underground. Due to the simultaneously determined measurement results can u. U. a saving in pile length can be achieved or improved quality, ie higher carrying capacity can be verified. Furthermore, the accompanying measurement may also be indirect Subsoil digestion of undisturbed soil with regard to storage density and stress state. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 open profile, piping 10 inner space 11 foot 12 exception 2 well 21 bottomhole 3 Transmitter-receiver 31 sound transmitter 32 sound receiver O earth's surface U underground v p Compressional wave velocity
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Qualitätssicherungsverfahren zum Erstellen von Pfählen im Untergrund mit einem voreilenden, offenen Profil und innenseitiger Abförderung des Bodens oder bei unterem Verschluss des Profils Verdrängung des Bodens. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein offenes Profil für die Erstellung von Gründungspfählen.The invention relates to a quality assurance method for creating piles in the ground with a leading, open profile and inside promotion of the soil or at the bottom closure of the profile displacement of the soil. Furthermore, the invention relates to an open profile for the creation of foundation piles.
Offenes Profil bedeutet dabei ein Bauteil mit einem in sich geschlossenen, in Längsrichtung entlang des Profils im Wesentlichen gleichen Querschnitt. Das Profil ist unten und oben offen. Entsprechend können offene Profile neben kreisförmigen Verrohrungen auch Vierkantrohre, Kastenprofile, Schächte, Senkkästen und dergleichen sein. Als Pfahl ist dabei jegliche Form einer durch ein derartiges offenes Profil erstellten Gründung gemeint.Open profile means a component with a self-contained, in the longitudinal direction along the profile substantially the same cross-section. The profile is open at the bottom and top. Accordingly, open profiles in addition to circular casings and square tubes, box sections, shafts, caissons and the like can be. A pile is any form of foundation created by such an open profile.
Pfähle sind zur Gründung von Bauwerken in schwierigen Untergründen bekannt. Sie dienen zum Abtragen von Lasten in größere Tiefen. Insbesondere sind Bohrpfähle zur erschütterungsfreien Herstellung von Pfahlgründungen für Bauwerke auf nicht ausreichend standfestem Untergrund bekannt. Bei dem Erstellen von Bohrpfählen wird beispielsweise ein einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisendes, offenes Profil, hier als Verrohrung mit einer oszillierenden Bewegung in den Untergrund gedrückt. Gleichzeitig wird der im Innenraum dieser Verrohrung enthaltene Boden als Bohrgut mit einem in der Verrohrung geführten Greifer oder Spülverfahren entnommen. Anschließend wird ein Bewährungskorb in den freigelegten Innenraum der Verrohrung eingesetzt und betoniert, wobei die Verrohrung wieder entfernt wird.Piles are known for foundations in difficult subsoil. They serve to remove loads in greater depths. In particular, bored piles are known for vibration-free production of pile foundations for buildings on insufficiently stable ground. When creating bored piles, for example, an open profile having a circular cross-section is pressed into the ground here as piping with an oscillating movement. At the same time the soil contained in the interior of this casing is removed as cuttings with a guided in the piping gripper or rinsing process. Subsequently, a probation basket is inserted into the exposed interior of the casing and concreted, whereby the casing is removed again.
An diesem Verfahren ist kritisch, dass bei einer zu geringen Voreilung der Verrohrung zu der Bohrgutentnahme eine Auflockerung des Bodens im Bereich der Bohrlochsohle auftritt. Insbesondere kann es bei gebohrten Pfählen unbemerkt passieren, dass der Boden am Bohrpfahlfuß durch den Bohrvorgang entspannt oder erheblich aufgelockert wird. Im Grundwasser kann es an der Bohrlochsohle zu einem hydraulischen Grundbruch mit der Folge von Auslockerungen oder Transport von Bodenteilchen kommen. Des weiteren kann bei ungeübten Gerätefahrern ein tieferer Aushub als die Verrohrung geschehen. Die Verrohrung muss eigentlich vorlaufend sein, um die seitliche Stützung des Bodens zu gewährleisten. Eine Auflockerung der Bohrlochsohle führt zu einem verschlechterten Pfahltragverhalten.It is critical of this process that if the tubing is too far ahead of the cuttings, soil loosening occurs near the bottom of the well. In particular, it may happen unnoticed in drilled piles that the soil at the Bohrpfahlfuß is relaxed or significantly loosened by the drilling process. In the groundwater, a bottom hydraulic fracture can result in loosening or transport of soil particles. Furthermore, inexperienced device drivers a deeper excavation than the piping happen. The piping must actually be leading to ensure the lateral support of the soil. A loosening of the bottom hole leads to a deteriorated pile behavior.
Bisher war es bekannt, einem hydraulischen Grundbruch durch einen ausreichenden Wasserstand in der Verrohrung und einem gefühlvollen Niederbringen und Austragen des Bohrgutes durch den Maschinenführer zu begegnen. Die tatsächlich errreichte Qualität dieser auf Erfahrungen basierenden, gefühlvollen Maschinenführung kann nicht herstellungsparallel beurteilt werden.So far, it was known to counteract a hydraulic groundbreaking by a sufficient water level in the casing and a soulful sinking and discharging the cuttings by the machine operator. The actually achieved quality of this experience-based, sensitive machine guidance can not be assessed parallel to the production.
Ferner ist es bekannt, bei in den Untergrund eingebrachten offenen Profilen eine Pfropfenbildung zu nutzen, um die gesamte Sohlfläche des eingebrachten offenen Profils als lasteintragende Fläche nutzen zu können. Ein Pfropfen bildet sich, wenn sich der Boden innerhalb des Profils ausreichend verspannt. Ist also eine Gründung mit einem in den Untergrund eingetriebenen offenen Profil mit Pfropfenbildung gewünscht oder zu erwarten, kann deren Qualität bisher nicht herstellungsparallel beurteilt werden.Furthermore, it is known to use a plug formation in open subfloors introduced in the underground in order to use the entire bottom surface of the introduced open profile as a load-bearing surface can. A plug forms when the soil within the profile tightens sufficiently. If, therefore, a foundation with an open profile driven into the subsurface with plug formation is desired or expected, its quality can hitherto not be assessed in parallel with production.
Weiter ist es im sog. Franki-Pfahl bekannt, ein mit einem Pfropfen aus trockenem Beton unten verschlossenes Profil mit einem sog. Rammbären in den Untergrund zu bringen. Dabei wird der Boden von dem mit dem Betonpfropfen unten geschlossenen Profil verdrängt. Bei Erreichen des tragfähigen Baugrundes kommt der Vortrieb des Profils zum Stillstand und der trockene Betonpfropfen wird von dem Rammbären am Fuß unter weiterer Verdrängung des Bodens ausgetrieben und zu einem querschnittserweiterten Fuß ausgestampft, wobei das Grundwasser anschließend zum hydraulischen Aushärten des aufgeweiteten Fußes führt.Furthermore, it is known in the so-called Franki pile to bring a closed with a plug of dry concrete bottom profile with a so-called Rammbären in the underground. The soil is displaced by the profile closed with the concrete plug below. Upon reaching the load-bearing ground, the propulsion of the profile comes to a standstill and the dry Betonpfropfen is the Ram on the foot with further displacement of the soil driven out and stomped to a cross-section expanded foot, the groundwater then leads to hydraulic curing of the widened foot.
Auch bei dieser bereits 100 Jahre alten Gründungsmethode wird bisher keine herstellungsparallele Verifizierung der Betonfußausbildung gegeben.Even with this already 100-year-old foundation method, no production-parallel verification of the concrete foot education is given.
Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Messung der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit von Erdformationen sind im Bereich der Bohrlochmesstechnik in unterschiedlicher Gestaltung bekannt. Beispielsweise wird auf die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Qualitätssicherungsverfahren zum Erstellen von Bohrpfählen und eine entsprechend dafür vorbereitete Verrohrung anzugeben, bei der die Qualität der Pfahlherstellung überwacht werden kann.The object of the invention is to provide a quality assurance method for creating bored piles and a correspondingly prepared piping, in which the quality of the pile production can be monitored.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Qualitätssicherungsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und einem Profil gemäß Anspruch 6.This object is achieved with a quality assurance method according to
Dadurch, dass am Fuß des Profils innenseitig entlang einer Sehne des Querschnitts des Profils eine Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit des Untergrundes gemessen wird, wird die Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit im Bereich des Untergrundes nahe der Bohrlochsohle gemessen, auf den später der betonierte Pfahl abgesetzt wird. Dabei bedeutet "entlang einer Sehne des Querschnitts des Profils" eine Messung der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit senkrecht zur Längserstreckung des Profils, also im Querschnitt des Profils von einem Punkt des Querschnitts des Profils zu einem gegenüber liegenden weiteren Punkt auf dem Querschnitt des Profils. Dabei kann die Messstrecke bevorzugt diagonal über dem Querschnitt des Profils, bei kreisförmigen Verrohrungen insbesondere auf dem Durchmesser, aber auch auf kürzeren Strecken (Sehnen) gemessen werden. Da die Wellengeschwindigkeit gleich der Wurzel aus dem Quotienten aus dem druck- und bodenabhängigen Elastizitätsmodul zur Dichte ist, deutet eine Abnahme der Wellengeschwindigkeit auf eine Entspannung bzw. Auflockerung des Bodens im Inneren am Fuße des Profils hin. Dem gegenüber deutet eine Zunahme der Wellengeschwindigkeit auf das Erreichen einer tragfähigen Bodenschicht hin. Somit erhält der Gerätefahrer durch die Informationen aus der Schallmessung einen Messwert zur Beurteilung der Herstellqualität der Pfahlgründung. Vorrichtungsgemäß wird dies dadurch ermöglicht, dass am Fuß des Profils innenseitig wenigstens ein Schallsender und entlang einer Sehne im Querschnitt des Profils gegenüberliegend wenigstens ein Schallempfänger vorgesehen sind. Als Schallsender und -empfänger können beispielsweise Piezosensoren, insbesondere Ultraschallsensoren verwendet werden. Um eine repräsentative Messstrecke zu erzielen, sollte die Messstrecke entlang einer Sehne des Profils, beispielsweise über den kreisförmigen Querschnitt bei einer Verrohrung, insbesondere über dessen Durchmesser ausgeführt werden. Bei mehrerenBy measuring a compressional wave velocity of the ground at the foot of the profile on the inside along a chord of the cross-section of the profile, the compression wave velocity in the area of the subsurface near the bottom of the hole is measured, on which the concreted pile is later deposited. In this context, "along a chord of the cross section of the profile" means a measurement of the compression wave velocity perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the profile, ie in the cross section of the profile from one point of the cross section of the profile to an opposite further point on the cross section of the profile. In this case, the measuring path can preferably be measured diagonally across the cross section of the profile, in the case of circular casings, in particular on the diameter, but also on shorter distances (chords). Because the shaft speed is equal to the Root from the quotient of the pressure and soil-dependent modulus of elasticity to density, indicates a decrease in the wave velocity on a relaxation or loosening of the soil in the interior of the foot of the profile out. On the other hand, an increase in wave velocity indicates the achievement of a viable soil layer. Thus, the device driver receives by the information from the sound measurement a reading to assess the manufacturing quality of the pile foundation. According to the device, this is made possible by providing at least one sound transmitter on the inside of the profile and at least one sound receiver along a chord in the cross-section of the profile. As a sound transmitter and receiver piezoelectric sensors, in particular ultrasonic sensors can be used, for example. In order to achieve a representative measuring section, the measuring section should be designed along a chord of the profile, for example over the circular cross section in a casing, in particular over its diameter. For several
Schallsendern und -empfängern kann beispielsweise kreuzweise über zwei im wesentlichen zueinander senkrecht stehenden Durchmesser-Messstrecken gemessen werden. Selbstverständlich sind auch andere geometrische Verteilungen möglich.Sound transmitters and receivers can be measured, for example, crosswise over two substantially perpendicular to each other diameter measuring sections. Of course, other geometric distributions are possible.
Ebenso ist es bei einer Pfahlgründung mit Pfropfenbildung möglich, über die Sender/Empfänger am Fuße des Profils die Verfestigung im Bereich des Pfropfens durch eine entsprechend erhöhte Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit nachzuweisen. Im Umkehrschluss kann damit auch eine nicht erreichte Pfropfenbildung durch eine zu geringe Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit nachgewiesen werden.Likewise, in the case of a pile foundation with plug formation, it is possible to detect the solidification in the region of the plug by means of a correspondingly increased compression wave velocity via the transmitter / receiver at the foot of the profile. Conversely, an unachieved plug formation can be detected by a too low compression wave velocity.
Beim Setzen von Franki-Pfählen kann die Lage des Trockenbetons durch Messen der Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit überwacht werden.When placing Franki piles, the location of the dry concrete can be monitored by measuring the compression wave velocity.
Ferner kann beim Niederbringen derartiger Profile in den Untergrund mittels der an dem Profil angeordneten Schallsender und -empfänger eine Baugrunderkundung erfolgen, in dem die fast noch ungestörte Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit des Untergrundes beim Niederbringen des Profils gemessen wird.Furthermore, when submitting such profiles into the ground by means of arranged on the profile sound transmitter and receiver a subsoil exploration take place, in which the almost undisturbed compression wave velocity of the ground is measured when lowering the profile.
Um den besonders kritischen Bereich von der Bohrlochsohle bis zum Fuß des Profils durchschallen zu können, sind die Sender/Empfänger 5 cm bis 40 cm, bevorzugt 10 cm bis 30 cm, besonders bevorzugt ca. 20 cm über dem unteren Ende des Profils angeordnet. Damit liegen die Sender/Empfänger im Bereich der Voreilung des Profils gegenüber der Bohrgutentnahme. Somit liefert die ermittelte Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit des Untergrundes ein Mass für die Tragfähigkeit oder Auflockerung des Untergrundes an der Bohrlochsohle.In order to be able to penetrate the particularly critical region from the bottom of the hole to the foot of the profile, the transceivers are arranged 5 cm to 40 cm, preferably 10 cm to 30 cm, particularly preferably about 20 cm above the lower end of the profile. Thus, the transmitter / receiver are in the field of overfeed of the profile opposite the Bohrgutentnahme. Thus, the determined compressional wave velocity of the subsurface provides a measure of the load bearing capacity or loosening of the subsurface at the bottom of the hole.
Wenn vom Fuß des Profils eine an der Bohrlochsohle reflektierte Welle gemessen wird, kann die Höhendifferenz zwischen der freigelegten Bohrlochsohle bis zur Unterkante des Profils ermittelt werden. Somit sind auch durch Auflockerungen oder hydraulischen Grundbruch entstandene Auflockerungen im Bereich der Bohrlochsohle erkennbar. Insbesondere wird dabei unter Zugrundelegung der gemessenen Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit aus der Laufzeit der reflektierten Welle auf die Voreilung des Fußes des Profils zur Bohrlochsohle geschlossen. Bei unterem Verschluss des Profils durch einen Trockenbetonfuß wird die vom unteren Rand des Trockenbetonfusses reflektierte Welle gemessen. Aus der dabei ermittelten Frühfestigkeitsentwicklung kann dann nach Ziehen der Verrohrung (Profil) über Korrelation die Endfestigkeit abgeschätzt werden.When a wave reflected off the bottom of the hole is measured from the foot of the profile, the height difference between the exposed bottom hole and the bottom edge of the profile can be determined. Thus, loosening caused by loosening or hydraulic foundation fracture in the area of the bottom hole can be seen. In particular, it is concluded on the basis of the measured compression wave velocity from the transit time of the reflected wave on the advance of the foot of the profile to the borehole bottom. When the profile is closed at the bottom by a dry concrete foot, the wave reflected from the lower edge of the dry concrete foot is measured. From the determined early strength development, the ultimate strength can then be estimated after pulling the casing (profile) via correlation.
Wenn nach Erreichen der Endtiefe oder einer Zwischentiefe die zeitliche Veränderung der Voreilung gemessen wird, kann bei bindigen Böden die Veränderung der Bohrlochsohlenlage infolge Relaxationshebungen indirekt gemessen werden. Daraus kann auf den Zähigkeitsindex und die "over consolidation rate" (OCR) geschlossen werden, womit für die Gründung bodenmechanisch wichtige Parameter ermittelt werden können. Vorrichtungsgemäß sind die Sender/Empfänger im Profil eingelassen, um beim oszillierenden Eindrücken und/oder beim Ziehen des Profils eine Beschädigung der Sender/Empfänger zu vermeiden.If, after reaching the final depth or an intermediate depth, the temporal change of the overfeed is measured, in cohesive soils the change in the bottom hole position can be measured indirectly as a result of relaxation elevations. From this, it is possible to deduce the toughness index and the "over-consolidation rate" (OCR), which can be used to determine important ground-mechanical parameters for the foundation. According to the device, the transmitter / receiver are embedded in the profile to avoid damaging the transmitter / receiver when oscillating impressions and / or pulling the profile.
Wenn zu jedem Sender/Empfänger eine im Profil geschützt eingebrachte Kabelverbindung zur Spannungs- und Signalübertragung vorgesehen ist, können die Messgeräte direkt vom Gerätefahrer angesteuert und die Messwerte unmittelbar angezeigt und ausgewertet werden.If a cable connection for voltage and signal transmission, which is protected in the profile, is provided for each transmitter / receiver, the measuring devices can be controlled directly by the device driver and the measured values can be displayed and evaluated directly.
Alternativ hat jeder Sender/Empfänger eine Spannungsversorgung, insbesondere Akkumulator, um für einen Pfahlgründungseinsatz eingesetzt werden zu können. Dabei werden die Messdaten kabellos über Datenübertragungsmittel, beispielsweise durch Funk- oder Ultraschallübertragung übermittelt, womit ebenfalls eine simultane Messdatenauswertung möglich ist. Alternativ kann auch ein Signallogger am Sender/Empfänger vorgesehen sein, der nach Erstellung der Pfahlgründung ausgelesen wird. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist zwar eine simultane Qualitätskontrolle nicht möglich, jedoch können die aufgezeichneten Werte für die Absicherung der Standsicherheit der erstellten Pfahlgründung verwendet werden. Vorteilhaft ist in dieser Ausgestaltung das Fehlen jeglicher, in der Bohrsituation möglicherweise gestörten und empfindlichen Übertragungsmittel.Alternatively, each transmitter / receiver has a power supply, in particular accumulator, to be used for a pile foundation use. In this case, the measurement data is transmitted wirelessly via data transmission means, for example by radio or ultrasound transmission, whereby a simultaneous measurement data evaluation is also possible. Alternatively, a signal logger can be provided on the transmitter / receiver, which is read after creation of the pile foundation. Although simultaneous quality control is not possible in this embodiment, the recorded values can be used to secure the stability of the pile foundation created. It is advantageous in this embodiment, the lack of any, possibly disturbed and sensitive transmission means in the drilling situation.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen detailliert beschrieben.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Darin zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine im Untergrund eingedrückte Verrohrung mit der sich ausbildenden Bohrlochsohle in einem schematischen Querschnitt und
- Fig. 2
- im Detail der untere Bereich der Verrohrung mit einer sich ausbildenden reflektierten Welle.
- Fig. 1
- a pressed in the ground piping with the forming bottom hole in a schematic cross section and
- Fig. 2
- in detail, the lower portion of the casing with a forming reflected wave.
In
Nahe des Fußes 11 der Verrohrung 1 sind Sender/Empfänger 3, hier bestehend aus einem Schallsender 31 und einem auf dem Durchmesser gegenüber liegend angeordneten Schallempfänger 32 angeordnet. Der Schallsender 31 und der Schallempfänger 32 sind in Ausnahmen 12, die ca. 20 cm oberhalb des Fußes 11 der Verrohrung 1 eingebracht sind, eingesetzt. Der Schallsender 31 sendet bei Aktivierung ein in
In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird ebenfalls durch geeignete Ansteuerung und Messaufnahme des Schallsenders 31 und des Schallempfängers 32 eine an der Bohrlochsohle 21, also dem Übergang zwischen dem noch feststehenden Boden im Innenraum 10 der Verrohrung 1 und dem geschaffenen Bohrloch 2 reflektierte Welle gemessen (
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Qualitätssicherungsverfahren sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Verrohrung ist es somit möglich bei der Erstellung eines Bohrpfahls bereits beim Niederbringen der Verrohrung und dem Fördern des Bohrgutes die Qualität der Gründung zu erfassen und etwaigen Risiken aufgrund von hydraulischem Grundbruch und/oder Auflockerungen des Bodens unmittelbar entgegen wirken zu können. Dabei können Auflockerungen in Folge hydraulischen Grundbruch oder extremer Bodenentspannung durch eine deutlich verringerte Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit verifiziert werden. Ferner kann durch die erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale beim Erstellen von Bohrpfählen stets das Voreilen der Verrohrung, also das Maß zwischen dem Fuß 11 der Verrohrung 1 und der Bohrlochsohle 21 durch Auswerten der an der Bohrlochsohle reflektierten Welle ermittelt werden. Weiter kann die in der Tiefe gewünschte tragfähige Bodenschicht durch das Messen der Kompressionsgeschwindigkeit (Merkmal große Kompressionswellengeschwindigkeit) verifiziert werden. Ggf. kann so bereits bei geringerer Tiefe mit dem Setzen des Bohrpfahles aufgehört werden, was eine deutliche Kostenersparnis bedeutet. Ferner kann der Viskositätsindex bzw. der Erddruckbeiwert bei überkonsolidiertem Boden ermittelt werden.With the quality assurance method according to the invention and the piping according to the invention, it is thus possible to record the quality of the foundation already when lowering the casing and conveying the cuttings and counteract any risks due to hydraulic ground failure and / or soil loosening directly can. In this case, loosening due to hydraulic ground failure or extreme ground relaxation can be verified by a significantly reduced compression wave velocity. Furthermore, by the features according to the invention when creating bored piles always the lead of the casing, so the measure between the foot 11 of the
Damit ist das erfindungsgemäße Qualitätssicherungsverfahren sowie die erfindungsgemäße Verrohrung eine Maßnahme zur arbeitsparallelen Qualitätskontrolle beim Absetzen von Bohrpfählen im Untergrund. Durch die simultan ermittelten Messergebnisse kann u. U. eine Einsparung an Pfahllänge erreicht werden oder eine verbesserte Qualität, also höhere Tragfähigkeit verifiziert werden. Ferner kann die begleitende Messung auch als indirekter Baugrundaufschluss des ungestörten Bodens hinsichtlich Lagerungsdichte und Spannungszustand dienen.
Claims (10)
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DE102012104009.5A DE102012104009B4 (en) | 2012-05-08 | 2012-05-08 | Quality assurance process for creating piles and open profile for it |
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EP2662499A2 true EP2662499A2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
EP2662499A3 EP2662499A3 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
EP2662499B1 EP2662499B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105040747A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江大学 | Real-time monitoring device and method for scouring test on local of pile structure |
CN111158043A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-15 | 中南大学 | System and method for detecting hidden danger at pile bottom of bored pile |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3106345A1 (en) | 1980-03-13 | 1982-02-25 | Halliburton Co., 73533 Duncan, Okla. | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SOUND REPRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF EARTH INFORMATION |
Family Cites Families (2)
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DE1141245B (en) * | 1961-11-22 | 1962-12-20 | Prakla Gmbh | Method and device for determining the condition of borehole or shaft linings |
DE602004011678D1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-03-20 | Schlumberger Technology Bv | Determine the impedance of a material behind a casing by combining two sets of ultrasonic measurements |
-
2012
- 2012-05-08 DE DE102012104009.5A patent/DE102012104009B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
- 2013-05-03 EP EP13166376.7A patent/EP2662499B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3106345A1 (en) | 1980-03-13 | 1982-02-25 | Halliburton Co., 73533 Duncan, Okla. | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SOUND REPRODUCTION PROPERTIES OF EARTH INFORMATION |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105040747A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-11-11 | 浙江大学 | Real-time monitoring device and method for scouring test on local of pile structure |
CN111158043A (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-15 | 中南大学 | System and method for detecting hidden danger at pile bottom of bored pile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102012104009B4 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
EP2662499B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
EP2662499A3 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
DE102012104009A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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