EP2659494A1 - Electrical line - Google Patents
Electrical lineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2659494A1 EP2659494A1 EP11807876.5A EP11807876A EP2659494A1 EP 2659494 A1 EP2659494 A1 EP 2659494A1 EP 11807876 A EP11807876 A EP 11807876A EP 2659494 A1 EP2659494 A1 EP 2659494A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- line
- electrical
- conductors
- sections
- electrical line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0054—Cables with incorporated electric resistances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
- H01B11/1834—Construction of the insulation between the conductors
- H01B11/1856—Discontinuous insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0045—Cable-harnesses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical line with the features of claim 1.
- An identification can be carried out, for example, by means of markings, which is applied to a sheathing of the electrical line. For this purpose, labels and color coding are common. Also, electrical identification of an electric wire may be performed by making a circuit through the electric wire.
- a signal generator is connected to two conductors of the electrical line, and at the other end of the electrical line, a signal receiver is connected to the electrical conductors.
- the signal generated by the signal generator may comprise a DC voltage or a low frequency, preferably in the audible range.
- the signal reaches the signal receiver, the electrical line between its two ends is identified. The connection of different ends of the electrical line can mean a considerable effort in large or difficult to access installations.
- the electric wire usually can not be used for the equipment of the installation.
- An electrical line for connecting two electrical devices comprises a first section having a first impedance and a predetermined first length and a second section having a second impedance and a predetermined second length.
- the first section adjoins the second section and the impedances of the adjoining sections are different, so that there is an impedance change in the region of the adjoining sections.
- the location of the impedance change can be detected metrologically by means of time domain reflectometry, for example.
- the total length of the line and the lengths of the two sections can be determined. If the determined lengths match predetermined lengths of a line to be searched, the line is found.
- the electrical line may remain operational during the described identification for connecting two electrical devices.
- the identification can be carried out quickly and usually requires only one access to one of the ends of the electrical line. If the line is individually coded by means of the location of the impedance change and sufficiently connected to a predetermined environment, a device connected to the connection can check that it is in the predetermined environment. A function or use of the device can thus be bound by the described design of the electrical connection to the environment.
- the electrical line can also have one or more further sections with predetermined lengths, wherein each two adjacent sections have different impedances. As a result, an identification security of the connection can be increased. Further, it is also possible to identify an electrical line having a branch. An identification of the electrical line can be made at any end.
- pairs adjacent to each other along the line may have alternating impedances.
- a magnitude of the impedance change may be determined by time domain reflectometry by comparing the pulse strengths, it is not necessary to perform the identification of the electrical line based on a variety of different impedance variations. Rather, it is sufficient to use two different impedances alternately along the electrical line, which can simplify the manufacturability of the line and thereby help to reduce manufacturing costs.
- the electrical line can comprise two conductors running along the line, between which a dielectric is arranged, dielectrics of adjoining sections of the line having different permittivities. This makes it possible to bring about the different impedances on the adjacent sections of the electrical line, without changing the conductors themselves. A manufacturability of the electrical line based on a known electrical line can be simplified.
- One of the dielectrics may include high permittivity particles.
- the permeable particles may be used to change a dielectric constant of the dielectric so that the impedance of the line in the region of the dielectric can be controlled in a controlled manner by admixing the particles.
- two media of different permittivities may be mixed in different proportions, so that the Dielectric constant along the sections on the mixing ratio can be influenced.
- the conductors are coaxial with each other.
- a dielectric between the conductors can easily be influenced during production, but it is hardly possible to change after the electrical line has been produced.
- a corresponding coaxial line can thus be inherently secured against copying or manipulation.
- the conductors are twisted together. Twisted electrical conductors are inexpensive to produce and have a sufficient signal transmission behavior for many applications.
- the dielectric in the region of the conductors can be applied during or after the production of the electrical line. An identifiability of an electrical line can thus be adapted or changed optionally before, during or only after the laying of the electrical line in an installation.
- the area of the adjoining portions is less long than a diameter of the electric wire.
- a pulse reflected from the impedance change between the adjoining sections is steep flank enough to allow a unique measurement.
- the identifiability of the electrical line can thereby be increased.
- a method of fabricating an electrical lead includes steps of providing two conductors running along the lead, providing a plurality of dielectrics having different permittivities, and mounting the dielectrics on predetermined portions along the lead between the leads, such that adjacent portions of predetermined lengths have different impedances exhibit.
- the electrical line described above can be produced inexpensively.
- the method is sufficiently flexible to produce a multiplicity of variations of the electrical lines produced, so that an individual identifiability of a manufactured electrical line can be ensured.
- the two conductors are coaxial and the dielectrics are placed between the conductors before or while one of the conductors is sheathed by the other conductor.
- an identifiable coaxial electrical line can be produced in this way, which is inherently secured against counterfeiting and manipulation.
- the two conductors are twisted together and at least one of the dielectrics is mounted after twisting.
- a manufacturing device for lines with twisted conductors therefore does not have to be adapted consuming to produce the described electrical line can.
- Figure 1 shows an installation of several devices
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of a coaxial cable for the installation of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a side view of the coaxial cable of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a side view of a twisted pair cable for installation
- FIG. 1 shows an installation 100 of several devices, which are connected to one another by means of an electrical line 110, on board a motor vehicle 105.
- one purpose of the electrical lead 110 is to extend electrical identifiability of the electrical lead to an environment of the lead.
- the electrical line is preferably mechanically connected to the environment that replacement or manipulation of the electrical line is very expensive.
- the electrical line 110 may be arranged inside a cable harness on or in the motor vehicle 105.
- the electrical lead 110 may be laid within a building as a flush-mounted cable or screed.
- the two devices 115, 120 shown in FIG. 1 can be any electrical devices.
- an identification of the electrical line 1 10 is performed by the first device 1 15.
- the second electrical device 120 can also be dispensed with.
- the identification may also be performed by the second electrical device 120 or another device connected to the electrical line 110.
- the further device may be, for example, a service or diagnostic device, which is additionally or in exchange for one of the devices 1 15, 120 electrically connected to the line 110.
- the electrical line 110 includes a first section 125 and a second section 130.
- the first section 125 has a length L1 and an impedance
- the second section 130 has a length L2 and an impedance Z2 and leads from the first section 125 to the second electrical device 120.
- An impedance transition 135 is formed at the location of the line 110. at the first portion 125 adjacent to the second portion 130.
- the first device 115 comprises a signal generator 140 and a scanner 145, both of which are connected to the same end of the electrical line 110 on the first section 125.
- the first electrical device 1 15 may also be connected to another location of the electrical connection 110, wherein the connection preferably takes place at a determinable distance from the impedance transition 135.
- a first electrical pulse is generated by means of the signal generator 140 and applied to the end of the electrical line 110.
- the scanner 145 may detect this first pulse.
- the first pulse passes rightward through the first portion 125 and undergoes partial reflection at the impedance transition 135.
- the reflected portion of the first pulse forms a second pulse that travels leftward through the first portion 125 and through the sampling device
- the portion of the first pulse that was not reflected at the impedance transition 135 forms a third pulse that traverses the second portion 130 to the right.
- the pulse on the second device 120 is also partially reflected and forms a fourth pulse.
- the electrical device 120 can be separated from the electrical line 110 or conductors of the electrical line 110 at the second electrical device 120 can be connected to one another.
- the fourth pulse passes through the second portion 130 leftward to the impedance transition 135, where it is again partially reflected.
- the part of the fourth pulse which is not reflected forms a fifth pulse, which passes through the first section 125 to the left to the first device 15 and can be detected there by the scanning device 145 in time and amplitude. From the time intervals of the first pulse to the other pulses sampled at the sampling device 145, the length of the first section 125 and the length of the electrical line 110 are determined with knowledge of a signal propagation speed along the electrical line 110. By subtraction, the length of the second section 130 can be determined from these lengths.
- the electrical line 110 is such that the lengths L1, L2 of the sections 125 and 130 are characteristic of the line 110. If the determined lengths L1, L2 of the sections 125 and 130 coincide with predetermined lengths, then the electrical line 110 is identified. If it can be assumed that the electrical line 110 is inseparably connected to the motor vehicle 105 or another environment, then it can be determined in this manner by the device 15 whether it is on board a predetermined motor vehicle 105 or not. From this determination, an operating mode or an operating state of the electrical device 15 can be derived. For example, operation of the device 1 15 on board a non-predetermined motor vehicle 105 may be denied.
- the described determination of the lengths of the sections 125 and 130 of the electrical line 110 can be generalized to any number and arrangement of adjoining sections 125, 130 of the connection 1 10. Here, branches and even loops between sections are no obstacle to the described identification , Of course, the particular lengths of the sections 125, 130 of the electrical connection 110 are different or lie in different arrangements, depending on at which point of the electrical line 110, the first device 115 is connected.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a coaxial cable 200 corresponding to the electrical line 110 of FIG. 1.
- the coaxial cable 200 comprises an inner conductor
- the chambers 225 are filled in known coaxial cables (eg AirCom Plus) with air or another gas.
- the medium accommodated in the chambers 225 acts as a dielectric, which is arranged between the conductors 205 and 230 and which influences via its permittivity an impedance of the coaxial cable 200. If a material which has a different permittivity than air or the other gas is introduced into the chambers 225 on an axial section of the coaxial cable, the coaxial cable 200 has a changed impedance on this section. Accordingly, impedance transitions to adjacent axial portions of the coaxial cable 200 result.
- the percentage of different media in the sections may vary, for example, by changing the blowing agent concentration in an insulating foam that forms the dielectric of the cable.
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of the coaxial cable 200 from FIG. 3.
- the coaxial cable 200 is subdivided into a number of sections 310 to 370.
- the sections 350 to 370 which lie in pairs between the sections 310 to 340, a dielectric is filled into the chambers 225, the permittivity of which differs from the dielectric in the chambers 225 of the sections 310 to 340.
- impedance transitions thus each result between two mutually adjacent sections 310 to 370.
- the coaxial cable 200 may be filled with different dielectrics in the chambers 225 during manufacture at regular or irregular intervals.
- a first dielectric may include air or the insulating foam, while a second dielectric may comprise a substance having particles of high permittivity, such as ceramic, added.
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of a twisted pair cable 400 corresponding to the electrical line 110 of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the twisted pair cable 400 is connected between the device 115 and the further device 120.
- the twisted-pair cable 400 comprises two twisted-together conductors 403, 405 and is subdivided into sections 410 to 450, the sections 440 and 450 lying in pairs between the sections 410 to 430.
- the twisted pair cable 400 is surrounded by a substance 460 that is coated with high permittivity particles 470.
- the substance 460 is preferably a plastic or an adhesive, for example a hot-melt adhesive or a two-component adhesive, for example based on polyester, acrylic or epoxide.
- the substance 460 may also be formed, for example, by a mounting clamp by means of which the twisted pair cable 400 can be clamped in and / or secured to an environment.
- the substance 460 with the particles 470 acts as a dielectric, so that the impedance of the twisted pair cable 400 in these sections is changed from the other sections 410 to 430.
- the impedance of the twisted pair cable 400 in these sections is changed from the other sections 410 to 430.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a method 500 for producing an electrical line 110 corresponding to the cables 300 and 400 of FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
- a first step 505 conductors are provided which are to run later along the line 110, 200 and 400, respectively.
- the conductors include the inner conductor 205 and the outer conductor 230; in the case of the twisted pair cable 400, the conductors 403 and 405 includes. It is also possible for more than two conductors 205, 230, 403, 405 to be included in the electrical line 110, which are provided in step 505 and subsequently installed in the electrical line 110, 200, 400.
- a following step 510 several dielectrics with different permittivities are provided.
- only two different dielectrics are used, one of which comprises a medium which is present anyway in the region of the provided conductors 205, 230, 403, 405.
- this medium may comprise air, an insulating foam, a plastic or a predetermined arrangement of plastic with air. sen.
- different dielectrics are provided by adding the same substance 460 to different levels of high permittivity particles 470. Different particles 470 may also be used.
- the dielectrics are mounted on predetermined sections 125, 130, 310-370, 410-450 along the line 110, in each case between the conductors 205, 230, 403, 405 such that adjacent sections 125, 130, 310- 370, 410-450 predetermined lengths L1, L2 have different impedances Z1, Z2.
- 125, 130, 310-370, 410-450 may be randomized in one embodiment.
- the method 500 is over.
- a very long or even no further limited length of the electrical line 1 10 is produced, which cut to length in a final step of the method 500 suitably and optionally at the ends with an electric Contacting is provided.
Landscapes
- Communication Cables (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
- Waveguides (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010064361 DE102010064361A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2010-12-30 | Electrical line |
PCT/EP2011/072154 WO2012089481A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2011-12-08 | Electrical line |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2659494A1 true EP2659494A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
EP2659494B1 EP2659494B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
Family
ID=45476457
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11807876.5A Active EP2659494B1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2011-12-08 | Electrical line |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2659494B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6073243B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010064361A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2600738C9 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012089481A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017219203A1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Leoni Kabel Gmbh | Management as information carrier |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2753301B1 (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-10-09 | Alcatel Cable | DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL PROTECTED AGAINST ELECTROMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES |
RU2144710C1 (en) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-01-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Дэмп Бэк" | Cable |
WO2004044600A2 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-27 | Teclin, Incorporated | Characterizing analog and digital telephone circuits and other types of wiring systems using frequency domain reflectometry (fdr) |
JP4228756B2 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2009-02-25 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Coaxial cable and antenna device |
RU2386732C1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-04-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "СуперОкс" | Method of obtaining two-sided superconductor of second generation |
-
2010
- 2010-12-30 DE DE201010064361 patent/DE102010064361A1/en active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-12-08 JP JP2013546648A patent/JP6073243B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-08 EP EP11807876.5A patent/EP2659494B1/en active Active
- 2011-12-08 WO PCT/EP2011/072154 patent/WO2012089481A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-12-08 RU RU2013135395/07A patent/RU2600738C9/en active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012089481A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2013135395A (en) | 2015-02-10 |
DE102010064361A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
RU2600738C2 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
EP2659494B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
RU2600738C9 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
JP6073243B2 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
JP2014505973A (en) | 2014-03-06 |
WO2012089481A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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