EP2649630A1 - Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction - Google Patents

Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction

Info

Publication number
EP2649630A1
EP2649630A1 EP11794472.8A EP11794472A EP2649630A1 EP 2649630 A1 EP2649630 A1 EP 2649630A1 EP 11794472 A EP11794472 A EP 11794472A EP 2649630 A1 EP2649630 A1 EP 2649630A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
bridge
switch
arc
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11794472.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2649630B1 (fr
Inventor
Lutz Friedrichsen
Volker Lang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eaton Electrical IP GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP11794472.8A priority Critical patent/EP2649630B1/fr
Publication of EP2649630A1 publication Critical patent/EP2649630A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2649630B1 publication Critical patent/EP2649630B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H33/182—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to switches with extinguishing chambers for the rapid extinction of an arc during the turn-off.
  • Electrical switches are components in a circuit which establish an electrically conductive connection by means of internal electrically conductive contacts
  • Circuit is disconnected by a switch, the flowing current can not go immediately to zero. In this case, an arc forms between the contacts.
  • This arc is a gas discharge by a per se non-conductive medium such as e.g. Air. Electric arcs in AC-powered switches clear at the zero crossing of the AC current at the latest. Due to the missing
  • Circuit is operated with sufficient current and voltage (typically greater than 1 A and greater than 50V), the arc will not extinguish by itself.
  • sufficient current and voltage typically greater than 1 A and greater than 50V
  • the arc time (time in which the arc burns) should be kept as small as possible, since the arc releases a large amount of heat, which is used to burn off the contacts and / or the thermal load of the
  • the movable bridge contact comprises two bridge plates extending for erasing the arcs with a second current direction opposite to the first current direction of the bridge contact along the axis of movement of the bridge contact respectively around the first contact areas to the back contact remote from the non-movable contacts.
  • Bridge contact comprises two bridge plates "here also means the possibility that the bridge contact and the bridge plates are indirectly mechanically interconnected via the bridge arrangement.
  • the bridge arrangement designates the arrangement with which the bridge contact is movably supported, for example by means of a spring and a guide in one
  • the bridge plates also provide thermal protection for the bridge
  • a switch according to the present invention comprises any type of single or multi-pole switches with at least two immovable contacts which can be electrically closed by at least one movable bridge contact. Examples of these switches are contactor, switch-disconnector or circuit-breaker. The switch is suitable for DC operation, but could also be used in the
  • DC operation refers to the operation of the switch in a DC circuit, wherein it is for the rapid erasure of the arcs in the switch not on the
  • Bridge plate acts as a cooling plate for the arc.
  • the claimed arrangement is the simple, symmetrical and therefore cost-effective Construction of the switch.
  • the stronger the magnetic field at the location of the arc the faster the arc is driven into the quenching chamber or along the bridge plate and so deleted.
  • the magnets in the switch the arc between one of the first and second contact areas in the corresponding first quenching chamber and the arc between the other first and second contact areas along the bridge plate driven.
  • the erase behavior would look the same, except that then the arcs would be driven respectively to the other extinguishing chamber or the other bridge plate.
  • the magnets are arranged in the switch so that the arcs between the two first and two second contact regions are driven by the magnetic field in each case in the first extinguishing chambers at a certain current direction in the switch or driven in reverse current direction in each case along the Brückeleitbleche. Both variants are included within the scope of the invention.
  • the term "substantially” in the present invention includes all embodiments that deviate less than 10% from the nominal value.
  • the first and second contact areas denote the areas of the fixed contacts and the movable bridge contact which are in direct contact after the closing of the switch (ON state).
  • ON state a current flows from one of the two first contacts via the first contact region into the second contact region which is in contact therewith, from the latter via the electrically conductive one
  • Bridge contact to the other second contact region of the bridge contact and from there via the other in contact with other first contact area in the other immovable contact.
  • the first and second contact regions may be subareas of the stationary contacts or the bridge contact, or separate components which are arranged on the stationary contacts or the bridge contact.
  • the above movement is along a movement axis of the bridge contact perpendicular to the surfaces of the bridge Contact areas.
  • the bridge contact is for example in a bridge assembly, preferably made of plastic, movably supported by a spring, which also generates the required contact pressure.
  • the movement axis is aligned perpendicular to the direction of movement of the arc in the first extinguishing chambers.
  • the switch is opened by moving the bridge contact in the opposite direction.
  • the movement of the bridge contact can be done manually or electrically.
  • the first and second contact areas may differ in shape and material.
  • the areas of the first and second contact areas can vary between extended areas and punctiform contacts.
  • the material of the contact areas may be any suitable electrically conductive material, for example silver tin oxide.
  • the first quenching chamber comprises any type of components that are suitable for bringing an arc to extinguish.
  • these include a plurality of quenching plates between a first and a second arc guide plate, which are both arranged in the quenching chamber parallel to each other.
  • the magnets used preferably permanent magnets, are used to generate a strong homogeneous magnetic field and to exert a force on the
  • the quenching plates in the quenching chambers are, for example, V-shaped.
  • the arc is divided in the quenching chamber into a plurality of partial arcs (Deionwait).
  • the required minimum voltage for maintaining the arc is proportional to the number of extinguishing plates in the quenching chamber, whereby the voltage required to maintain the arc exceeds the available voltage, which leads to the extinction of the arc.
  • the quenching plates are held in an insulating material to which the arc guide plates are also attached.
  • the arc guide plates can have any shape that is suitable to direct the arc in the quenching chambers.
  • the Arc guide plates can also be designed as a stamped and bent part.
  • the thickness and width of the arc guide plates can also vary. The distance between the first (lower) and the second (upper) arc guide plate can grow with increasing distance to the first and second contacts.
  • the bridge plates each extend to the second contact points of the movable bridge contact. Since the arc arises when switching off between the first and second contact areas, it is expedient that the bridge plate comes close to the location of the arc in order to be able to effect a rapid deletion via a fast routing of the arc.
  • the distance between the bridge plate and the back of the stationary contact increases with increasing distance to the
  • the magnet and the bridge plate are arranged such that the magnetic field also extends into the region between the bridge plate and the immovable contact.
  • the magnetic field drives the arc with the second current direction in the direction of the bridge plate and thus accelerates the extinguishing of the arc.
  • the magnet is arranged such that the field strength of the magnetic field is substantially equal between the first and second contact areas and between the bridge plates and the stationary contacts. The greater the magnetic field strength at the location of the arc, the stronger the driving Lorenz force acts on the arc. For a rapid erasure of the arcs with current flows in both directions, it is advantageous that a strong magnetic field in the range of movement of the arcs can act for both current directions.
  • the magnet is a permanent magnet.
  • a very strong permanent magnetic field may be provided by a permanent magnet which is, for example, a rare earth magnet.
  • rare earth magnets are made of NdFeB or SmCo alloy. These materials have a high
  • Coercive field strength and therefore also allow, for example, a provision of the magnets as very thin plates.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged so that they generate a substantially homogeneous magnetic field at least in the region of the first and second contacts, preferably along the arc guide plates and bridge plates. The time until the arc in the extinguishing chambers or along the
  • the permanent magnets are preferably arranged so that they generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow in the arc and perpendicular to the desired direction of movement of the arc, ie along the arc guide and bridge plates.
  • the permanent magnet for this purpose comprises two plate-shaped permanent magnets whose surfaces are arranged parallel to each other and at least over the first and second contact areas parallel to the bridge contact and the first and second
  • Arc guide plates and the first Brückleitblechen extend at least in the OFF state of the switch.
  • the permanent magnets are thus also substantially parallel to
  • Permanent magnets thin plates, because the available space in the switch is limited.
  • the distance between the opposed permanent magnets to produce a homogeneous magnetic field may vary as a function of the magnetic material used.
  • Between the opposite magnetic surfaces are the first and second contact areas and at least parts of the movable bridge contact and the stationary contacts and at least parts of the arc guide plates and
  • the magnetic inference can take place via a magnetic material bridge between the opposing permanent magnets.
  • the distance between the opposing permanent magnets can take place via a magnetic material bridge between the opposing permanent magnets.
  • Permanent magnets for a given thickness and material of the permanent magnet in one Switches for operation with 1500 V DC and currents of 30A are about 8mm. Since the switches are preferably constructed symmetrically, the magnet for exercising a Lorenz force on the arc by a total of 4
  • Permanent magnets arranged as two pairs of, for example, flat plates in the region of the two respective first and second contact surfaces. To the preferably deletion of the two arcs between the two first and second contacts in each case a first arc chamber for the one arc and in the
  • the two pairs of permanent magnets must each generate a field with opposite field direction. If the field direction in both pairs of permanent magnets were the same in another embodiment of the switch, the arcs would either be both in the first quenching chambers or in the direction of the bridge to the
  • Bridge plates or second extinguishing chamber are driven.
  • the geometric shape of the magnets may be chosen differently in other embodiments in the context of the present invention.
  • first arc guide plates are each with the first
  • Arcs such as air gaps avoided at least for the immovable contacts.
  • the bridge plates extend into at least one second quench chamber, which is arranged on the movable bridge contact.
  • the bridge plate acts as an arc guide plate.
  • the second quenching chamber may have a similar or the same basic structure as the first quenching chamber.
  • the size of the second quenching chamber may be smaller than the first quenching chamber due to the position of the second quenching chamber at the movable bridge contact.
  • the bridge contact comprises two separate second extinguishing chambers into which the bridge plates each extend.
  • the stationary contacts each include a
  • the second quenching chamber includes extinguishing plates for extinguishing the arc, which are arranged parallel to the axis of movement of the bridge contact. As a result, a small design of the second quenching chamber is made possible.
  • the magnet extends to the second quenching chamber.
  • the driving magnetic force acts on the arc until it arrives in the quenching chamber, which additionally supports a fast and safe arc quenching.
  • Switch the rapid deletion of arcs in the first and second extinguishing chambers or bridge plates, since the magnetic fields drive the arcs, especially in strong permanent magnets regardless of the current direction in the switch in one or the other extinguishing chamber or bridge plate.
  • the bridge plates provide a thermal protection for the bridge arrangement.
  • the first arc guide plate or the contact baffle of the first contact are connected directly to the first contact region, so that during movement of the
  • Arc to the first or second arcing chamber to bridge any obstructing barriers such as air gaps.
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnets as parallel surfaces in close proximity to the first and second contact areas increases the driving Lorenz force on the arcs to the quenching chambers.
  • the deletion of Arcs thus happens in a predetermined safe, fast and independent of the direction of current in the switch way.
  • Fig.1 Cross section through an embodiment of a switching chamber of a
  • Fig.2 enlarged cross section of Fig. 1 for one half of the switching chamber of the switch.
  • Fig.3 Cross section through another embodiment of a switching chamber of a switch according to the present invention. Detailed description of embodiments
  • Fig. L and Fig.2 show a cross section through an embodiment of a
  • Switching chamber of a switch 1 according to the present invention.
  • a switch includes, in addition to the switching chambers, other components known to those skilled in the art.
  • the switch 1 is suitable by its construction for a polarity-independent DC operation.
  • the entire switch in a symmetrical design is shown in Fig. 1, while Fig. 2 for a better understanding shows the left part of the switch of Fig. 1 in an enlarged view.
  • the switch 1 comprises two separate stationary contacts 2 each having a first contact region 21, 22 and a movable electrically conductive
  • Bridge contact 3 with two second contact regions 31, 32, which are used to establish an electrically conductive connection between the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 in the ON state of the switch 1 along the movement axis BA of
  • the bridge contact 3 For disconnecting the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 in the OFF state of the switch 1, the bridge contact 3 is moved in the opposite direction along the movement axis BA, so that between the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 a Separation path arises. In these separation sections arcs 51, 52 may arise after switching off.
  • the switch 1 comprises at least one magnet 71, 72, which generates a substantially constant magnetic field M in the region of the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 for exerting a magnetic force Fl, F2 an arc 51, 52 located between the first and second contact regions 21, 22, 31, 32 is provided.
  • the field direction of the magnetic field is shown in the left part of the figures by the circle M with black center ( Figures 1 and 2). In this illustration, the field lines emerge upwards from the leaf surface. In Fig. 1, in addition, the magnetic field direction M for the right part of the switch 1 is shown as a circle with a cross. In this illustration, the field lines exit downward through the leaf surface. In the area of the plate-shaped magnets 71, 72, the field lines are in
  • Bridge plate 81 for extinguishing the arcs 51, 52 is pressed, as shown by the dashed arrows Fl, F2 above the Schalhunt.
  • the arcs 51, 52 can each be moved quickly into the first quenching chamber 4, they are at least in the OFF state of the switch 1 by means of a first arc guide 61 with the first contact areas 21, 22 and by means of a second arc guide plate 62 with The second contact regions 31, 32 are connected or the arc guide plates extend at least to the first and second contact regions.
  • the term "extend” refers to the state where components are interconnected or possibly located close to each other, yet separated by an air gap (spacing). In the case of bridge plates, the term “extend” in this example even refers to a much larger one Distance, for example of the order of a few millimeters or more.
  • the movable bridge contact 3 comprises two bridge plates 81, 82 which are arranged to extinguish the arcs 51, 52 of the bridge contact 3 along the movement axis BA of the bridge contact 3 in each case around the first contact areas 21, 22 on the rear sides facing away from the bridge contact 3 23 of the immovable contacts 2 extend, provided that the current direction in the arc is the second current direction, which has the opposite direction to the first current direction.
  • the arc is moved along the curved bridge plate and therefore describes a circular path around the immobile contact 2 around on the rear side 23. Due to the increasing distance A between immobile contact 2 (back 23) and the bridge plate 81, the arc is brought to extinction since, at a certain distance A, the voltage necessary to maintain the arc 51 exceeds the actual operating voltage present.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through another embodiment of a switch according to the present invention.
  • the illustrated bridge plate 81 (the same applies to the other side of the switch corresponding to the Brückeleitblech 82) in a second extend here, the switch 1 with respect to the figures 1 and 2 by the design of the extinguishing path to the bridge contact
  • the immovable contacts 2 each include a
  • the second arcing chamber 10 can be arranged to save space in a switch 1, the quenching plates 11 of the second
  • Extinguishing chambers 10 arranged parallel to the movement axis BA of the bridge contact 3. It is advantageous for a rapid quenching of the arc when the magnet 71, 72 extends to the second quenching chamber 10.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un interrupteur présentant un comportement d'extinction rapide et indépendant de la polarité respective pour des arcs électriques et une protection thermique du pont. L'interrupteur comprend au moins deux contacts immobiles séparés (2) dotés respectivement d'une première zone de contact (21, 22) et au moins un contact de pont (3) électroconducteur mobile doté de deux secondes zones de contact (31, 32) pour établir une connexion électroconductrice entre les premières et secondes zones de contact (21, 22, 31, 32) lorsque l'interrupteur (1) est en position MARCHE et pour séparer les premières et secondes zones de contact (21, 22, 31, 32) lorsque l'interrupteur (1) est en position ARRET. Ledit interrupteur comprend également au moins un aimant (71, 72) conçu pour produire un champ magnétique (M) sensiblement constant dans la région des premières et secondes zones de contact (21, 22, 31, 32) pour exercer une force magnétique (F) sur un arc électrique (51, 52) se produisant entre les premières et secondes zones de contact (21, 22, 31, 32) lors de l'établissement de la position ARRET, et deux premières chambres d'extinction (41, 42) destinées à éteindre les arcs électriques (51, 52) et présentant un premier sens de courant. Respectivement un premier déflecteur d'arc électrique (61) pour la première zone de contact (21, 22) et un second déflecteur d'arc électrique (62) pour la seconde zone de contact (31, 32), destinés à dévier l'arc électrique (51, 52) dans les premières chambres d'extinction (41, 42), s'étendent depuis les premières chambres d'extinction (41, 42), au moins en position ARRET. Le contact de pont mobile (3) comprend deux tôles de pont (81, 82) s'étendant, pour éteindre les arcs électriques(51, 52) avec un second sens de courant opposé au premier sens de courant, du contact de pont (3) le long de l'axe de déplacement (BA) du contact de pont (3) respectivement autour des premières zones de contact (21, 22) sur les faces arrière (23) des contacts immobiles (2) opposés au contact de pont (3).
EP11794472.8A 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction Not-in-force EP2649630B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11794472.8A EP2649630B1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10194006A EP2463876A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction
EP11794472.8A EP2649630B1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction
PCT/EP2011/072092 WO2012076603A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2649630A1 true EP2649630A1 (fr) 2013-10-16
EP2649630B1 EP2649630B1 (fr) 2015-03-18

Family

ID=43904002

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10194006A Withdrawn EP2463876A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction
EP11794472.8A Not-in-force EP2649630B1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2011-12-07 Interrupteur à chambre d'extinction

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10194006A Withdrawn EP2463876A1 (fr) 2010-12-07 2010-12-07 Commutateur doté d'une chambre d'extinction

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130313228A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2463876A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103403827A (fr)
BR (1) BR112013014206A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2820116A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2581049C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012076603A1 (fr)

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DE102016212335B4 (de) 2016-07-06 2019-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät mit Lichtbogenlöschvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Schaltgeräts
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Title
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RU2581049C2 (ru) 2016-04-10
US20130313228A1 (en) 2013-11-28
CA2820116A1 (fr) 2012-06-14
RU2013130731A (ru) 2015-01-20
EP2463876A1 (fr) 2012-06-13
CN103403827A (zh) 2013-11-20
EP2649630B1 (fr) 2015-03-18
BR112013014206A2 (pt) 2017-08-01
WO2012076603A1 (fr) 2012-06-14

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