EP2649464A1 - Procédé de caractérisation d'échantillon solide par spectrométrie rmn et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de caractérisation d'échantillon solide par spectrométrie rmn et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédéInfo
- Publication number
- EP2649464A1 EP2649464A1 EP11802677.2A EP11802677A EP2649464A1 EP 2649464 A1 EP2649464 A1 EP 2649464A1 EP 11802677 A EP11802677 A EP 11802677A EP 2649464 A1 EP2649464 A1 EP 2649464A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- static
- vector
- frequency
- radiofrequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 38
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 32
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005004 MAS NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005653 Brownian motion process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005537 brownian motion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N Carbon-13 Chemical compound [13C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/483—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/483—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy
- G01R33/4831—NMR imaging systems with selection of signals or spectra from particular regions of the volume, e.g. in vivo spectroscopy using B1 gradients, e.g. rotating frame techniques, use of surface coils
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of methods for characterizing an object (material, biological sample or entire biological system in vivo or in vitro) using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer.
- the invention also relates to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry apparatus for acquiring the magnetization of an object as defined above.
- NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- Brownian motion is fast enough that, on average, the dipole interactions undergone by the atoms are considered as null or relatively weak.
- NMR spectrometry for the study of a solid object is only possible under the condition of placing this object in circumstances which make it possible to recreate artificially the averaging effect of interactions so that from the point of view of NMR, the object can be likened to a liquid.
- the non-zero dipolar interaction will allow the nuclei of the constituent atoms of the solid to interact with each other and to distribute their spin in all directions.
- the vector sum (magnetization) of the spins is then zero.
- the solid material is rapidly rotated around an axis forming an angle ⁇ m with the vector of the static magnetic field necessary for NMR spectrometry.
- the measurement is carried out in a terrestrial reference which is that of the laboratory.
- a second method known from document US 2008/0 116 889, makes it possible to dispense with the need for the rotation of the solid material to be studied in order to "suppress" the dipolar interaction.
- this second method it is the main magnetic field (normally static) in which is placed the material (equivalent to the static magnetic field of the preceding method) which undergoes a rotation.
- the rotation of the main magnetic field is obtained by rotating magnets.
- the rotation of the main magnetic field then creates the necessary condition for the average of 1 -3.cos 2 (0) to be zero.
- the major disadvantage of this process is the need to rotate magnets of high mass. Indeed, in a conventional NMR spectrometer, the magnet, whether superconductive or resistive, for generating the static magnetic field, is characterized by a mass of several hundred kilograms or even several tons. It is understood that, even at frequencies of only a few hertz, rotating parts of several tons implies a very important and expensive technological change of current NMR spectrometers.
- MEPS Magic Echo Pulse Sandwich
- the effective field B eff perceived by the atoms is equal to the radio frequency field B ⁇
- the dipolar interaction perceived by the atoms is -1 / 2 times the dipolar interaction they perceive in the absence of the radio frequency field Bi.
- the principle of MEPS allows to cancel the dipole interaction at a given moment. For this purpose, during part of the measurement, the atoms are allowed to evolve freely for a duration ⁇ , during which time they are subjected to a dipolar interaction of value H d .
- This technique has the advantage of "artificially” rotating the effective field seen by the atoms thanks to the magnetic field effective B e ff created. It also has the advantage of recreating the conditions for zeroing the dipolar and quadrupole interaction.
- this condition is realized only at time 3 ⁇ ; a single point of the signal then verifies the zero dipolar interaction condition.
- measurements made a few microseconds around the time 3 ⁇ may already be too tainted by the dipolar and / or quadrupole interactions to be exploitable.
- An object of the invention is to allow NMR spectrometry of solid objects, or with solid parts, quickly and non-destructively.
- the invention proposes a method for characterizing a sample by means of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer comprising an enclosure in which the sample is placed, a static magnetic field generator, a radio frequency magnetic field generator, and at least one sensor, the method comprising the following steps: generating in the enclosure, by the static magnetic field generator, a static magnetic field according to a static vector;
- the radiofrequency magnetic field generator generating in the chamber and for a predetermined duration, by the radiofrequency magnetic field generator, a radiofrequency magnetic field according to a radiofrequency vector;
- the method further comprises the step of acquiring, by at least one sensor, a magnetization of the sample during the determined duration;
- an effective vector, to which the magnetization of the sample is subjected during the determined duration is rotatable with respect to a terrestrial reference for the determined duration, the effective vector resulting from the static and radiofrequency magnetic fields, and the sample being fixed in relation to the terrestrial reference.
- An advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to rotate the sample or to rotate the static magnetic field (equivalent to the main magnetic field). Thus, it is possible to make in vivo studies of objects (for example animals, see humans) without requiring modification of the enclosure housing one or more magnets that generate the static magnetic field.
- Another advantage of this method is that the sample is placed under conditions for which the dipolar interaction is zero for each atom (and not only its influence on the entire sample) and this throughout the duration of the acquisition.
- the effective vector is rotating in a plane orthogonal to the static vector
- the effective vector is rotated in a plane orthogonal to the static vector at the Larmor frequency
- the magnetization of the sample is acquired by at least two sensors; a first sensor positioned to acquire collinear magnetic signals to the static vector, having a frequency close to the effective frequency, and at least one second sensor positioned to acquire magnetic signals collinear with the plane orthogonal to the static vector, having a frequency close to the frequency of Larmor.
- the invention also proposes a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry apparatus for acquiring a magnetization of a sample comprising:
- a static magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field in the enclosure along a static vector
- a radiofrequency magnetic field generator for generating a radiofrequency magnetic field in the enclosure according to a radiofrequency vector for a predetermined period
- the apparatus further comprises at least one sensor for measuring the magnetization of the sample for the determined duration.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field generator comprises at least two magnets or coils each generating a magnetic field radiofrequency so that the effective magnetic field, resulting from the two radiofrequency magnetic fields of the magnets or coils and the static magnetic field, has an effective vector rotating with respect to the terrestrial reference;
- V ef f y - B eff ,
- y being the gyromagnetic ratio characteristic of a nucleus of a studied atom
- the static magnetic field generator, the radiofrequency magnetic field generator and the sensor or sensors are fixed relative to the terrestrial reference during operation of the apparatus.
- FIGS. 1 a to 1c are detailed representations of the effects of the magnetic fields normally used in NMR spectrometry on the magnetic moments of atomic nucleus spin studied;
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a phenol molecule taken as an example in the "Principle of NMR spectrometry" part of the description;
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a particular embodiment of the apparatus of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 schematically shows an example of implementation of the method of the invention
- FIG. 6 is a timing diagram showing the magnetic fields generated (at the top the radiofrequency magnetic field and at the bottom the static magnetic field) as well as the acquisition step during the implementation of the method of FIG. 5;
- Figure 7 illustrates the decoupling of the "butterfly" type surface antenna and the linear volumetric coil
- FIG. 8 illustrates an acquisition step in the form of a chronogram accompanied by the form of the acquired signals
- FIG 9 shows the various references and their relationship during the implementation of the present invention.
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry consists of acquiring a signal proportional to the sum of the magnetic spin moments of the atoms of an element. contained in an object placed in a magnetic field, for example 1 H hydrogen atoms (this spectrometry is then called proton NMR), deuterium ( 2 H), carbon 13 ( 13 C), etc.
- a magnetic spin moment is conventionally represented as a vector having a direction, a meaning and a norm. Each atom considered has a magnetic moment of spin.
- the vector sum of the magnetic spin moments of a material is called its magnetization.
- the magnetic field in which the material is placed consists of a static magnetic field with respect to a terrestrial reference frame which is that of the laboratory, and a radiofrequency magnetic field.
- the static magnetic field is applied to the sample continuously throughout the experiment.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field is pulsed (i.e., briefly for a specified duration).
- the magnetization of the object is measured in the absence of radiofrequency field.
- FIGS. 1a to 1c illustrate the known technique of NMR which consists of generating a static magnetic field B 0 according to a static vector B Q in a continuous manner in an enclosure 11 in which is placed an object 2 of the studied material, to generate a radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ in the form of a radiofrequency pulse following a radio frequency vector ⁇ 1 for a determined duration T in the enclosure A2, and acquiring the magnetization M of the sample A1 after a predetermined period of change.
- the amplitude of the static magnetic field B 0 is of the order of Tesla while that of the radio frequency magnetic field is at most of the order of milliTesla.
- FIG. 1a shows the influence of the static magnetic field B 0 on the magnetic spin moments of the atoms (represented by vectors S originating from a common point in space).
- the angle that each of the magnetic spin moments S of the atoms with the static vector B 0 makes is fixed and these magnetic spin S moments make a precessional movement around the static vector B 0 .
- the link between the intensity of the static field B 0 and the rotation frequency v 0 of the magnetizations is given by the relation:
- v 0 y ⁇ B 0 ;
- FIG. 1b shows the influence of the radiofrequency magnetic field B i (represented by the radiofrequency vector ⁇ 1 , usually chosen orthogonal to the static vector B 0 ).
- the magnetization M of the material rotates around the radiofrequency vector B whose angle is proportional to the intensity and the determined duration T of the generation of the radio frequency magnetic field Bi.
- the duration T is chosen so that the angle of rotation is 90 ° (TT / 2) OR 180 ° (TT).
- TT has been shown in Figure 1b a rotation of 90 °.
- FIG. 1c shows the evolution of the magnetization M of the material after the determined duration T, while the static magnetic field B 0 continues to be generated and while the radiofrequency magnetic field is no longer generated.
- the magnetization M will return to the equilibrium state by loss of energy.
- This return to the state of equilibrium is done according to a precession movement (see arrow F in FIG. 1c) at a frequency specific to each of the magnetic moments of spin S composing the object.
- the frequency of the magnetic signal generated by the return to the equilibrium state of an atom is not the same for the same element if it can be in different electronic environments.
- the phenol comprises six hydrogen atoms H a , H b , H c , H d , but the magnetic S spin moments of each of the atoms will not all return to the equilibrium state at the same frequency .
- the hydrogen atom H has connected to the oxygen atom 0, the hydrogen atoms H in the so-called "ortho" position, the atoms of hydrogen H c in the so-called “meta” position and the hydrogen atom H d in the so-called “para” position.
- Each group sees its magnetic spin S moment return to steady state at a different frequency than the other groups because their electronic environments are different. Nevertheless, these differences are minimal. They can still be distinctly detected.
- the total acquired signal is then a sum of the magnetic signals at various frequencies. A Fourier transform makes it possible to highlight these different frequencies, thus forming an NMR spectrum of the sample.
- proton NMR spectrometry i.e., 1 H hydrogen
- proton NMR spectrometry i.e., 1 H hydrogen
- B represents the vector of the magnetic field and B represents the amplitude of the associated vector and also refers to the magnetic field.
- an NMR spectrometry apparatus 1 for acquiring a magnetization of a sample is hereinafter described.
- the NMR spectrometry apparatus 1 comprises a sample support 12 for receiving the sample 2.
- the support 12 is intended to remain fixed with respect to a terrestrial reference system during the operation of the apparatus 1.
- the apparatus 1 also comprises an enclosure 11 in which the sample support 12 is placed.
- This enclosure 11 forms a volume in which magnetic fields will be generated.
- the apparatus 1 further comprises a static magnetic field generator 13 for the generation of a static magnetic field B 0 in the static vector enclosure B 0 .
- the static magnetic field generator 13 is capable of generating a static magnetic field B 0 of magnitude of the Tesla order, typically between 0.1 T and 16 T.
- This static magnetic field B 0 makes it possible to make the vector sum of the magnetic moments of spin S of the non-zero hydrogen atoms in the direction of the static vector B 0 without, however, making the magnetic spin moments S individually collinear with the static vector B Q.
- the sum of the magnetic moments of spin S is the macroscopic magnetization M, which is collinear with the static vector B Q and of the same direction.
- the magnetic moments of spin S form with this static vector B 0 fixed angles and make a precession movement around the static vector B 0 at the rotation frequency v 0 .
- the apparatus also includes a 14 RF magnetic field generator for generating an RF magnetic field Bi in the enclosure 11 vector radiofrequency June 1.
- the static magnetic field generator 13 is capable of generating a radiofrequency magnetic field of amplitude between a few microteslas ( ⁇ ) and a few milliteslas (mT), typically between 1 ⁇ and 1 mT, which corresponds to frequencies between approximately 40 Hz and 40 kHz for the proton.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ is generated, for a determined duration T, in the form of a pulse applied to the radiofrequency frequency v ⁇ .
- the radio frequency field B i is modulated so that the resultant of the static magnetic fields B 0 and radiofrequency B As seen by the rotating atoms (see Fig.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ thus makes it possible to turn the magnetization M around the effective vector B eff .
- the apparatus 1 comprises at least one sensor 15, 16 for acquiring the magnetization M of the sample during the generation of the field magnetic radio frequency Bi. This acquisition is made during the determined period T.
- the apparatus 1 further comprises an actuator 17 for controlling the generation of the radiofrequency field ⁇ sinusoidally.
- the rotation frequency of the magnetization M (due to the effective rotating field B e ff) can be raised to a high value (greater than the hundred kilohertz and possibly reach the megahertz) compared to the prior art of MAS which is confined a few tens of kilohertz.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field generator 14 is composed of a single magnet or coil.
- the actuator 17 then controls the radiofrequency magnetic field generator 14 for the generation of a sinusoidally modulated radiofrequency field Ag to rotate the effective field B e ff.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field generator 14 may comprise at least two magnets or coils 141, 142 (see FIG. 4) each generating a partial radiofrequency magnetic field. This makes it possible to obtain a BT radio frequency field whose amplitude is more intense.
- the actuator 17 then controls the generation of the partial radiofrequency magnetic fields by the two coils 141, 142, so that the effective field B e ff resulting from the two partial radiofrequency magnetic fields of the coils 141,
- Partial radiofrequency magnetic fields are, for example, modulated sinusoidally and in phase quadrature with respect to each other (which amounts to having a partial radiofrequency magnetic field modulated by a sine function and the other by a cosine function).
- the precession frequency around the effective field B e ff is sufficiently large (ie of the same order as the frequencies used in the MAS techniques, greater than a few hertz)
- the virtual rotation frequency v eff responsible averaging dipolar interactions and quadrupole being simply controlled by the intensity of the radiofrequency field B ⁇ applied it is neither the sample nor the static field B 0 which must be rotated and tilted at the magic angle 0 m but only the effective field B eff , the latter operation being performed by appropriately selecting the frequency and amplitude of the radio frequency field B ⁇ It is simple to give B i amplitudes ranging from a few ⁇ to mT, these amplitude generating a virtual rotation frequency v e ff ranging from a few Hz to several tens of kHz.
- a first sensor 15 may be placed according to the static vector B Q and be set to detect frequencies around the effective frequency v e ff.
- the effective frequency v e ff is due to the effective magnetic field B e ff seen by the sample 2.
- the effective magnetic field B e ff results from the combination of static magnetic fields B 0 , and radiofrequency B ⁇ (without taking into account the electronic environment of the hydrogen atom), and has for formula, the following relation:
- the first sensor 15 makes it possible to acquire signals having frequencies close to the effective frequency v e ff which correspond to the signals resulting from the precessional movement of the S magnetic spin moments of the hydrogen atoms of the sample 2 around the effective B eff field.
- Two second sensors 16 may be placed in a plane orthogonal to the static vector B 0 and adapted to acquire signals at the Larmor frequency v 0 .
- the one or more sensors 15, 16 are decoupled from the generator (s) 14; 141, 142 radiofrequency magnetic field B This decoupling can be performed geometrically or electronically. An example is described below.
- the use of the first and second sensors 15, 16 makes it possible to acquire the variations of the magnetization M according to the three dimensions of the space in the reference frame of the laboratory.
- the configuration of the sensors can be chosen from the following:
- a sample 2 is placed on the support 12 of the 1 NMR apparatus inside the chamber 11.
- the method comprises a generation step E1 in the chamber 11 of the apparatus 1, by the static magnetic field generator 13, a static magnetic field B 0 of static vector B 0 collinear with a unit vector z.
- the method also comprises a step E2 of generating in the chamber 11, by the radiofrequency magnetic field generator 14, a radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ radiofrequency vector ⁇ 1 .
- the radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ ⁇ is generated, for a determined duration T, in the form of a pulse I.
- the radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ is, during the determined duration T, modulated so that an effective field B e ff VU by the atoms of the object results from the static magnetic fields B 0 and radiofrequency B 1; and effective vector B eff rotating with respect to a terrestrial reference, such that:
- the effective vector B e ⁇ of the effective field B e ff is animated by a precession movement around the static vector B 0 at the frequency v 0 .
- the radiofrequency field B i was chosen so that the effective vector B eff forms a magic angle of 0 m of 54.74 ° with the static vector B 0 .
- the radiofrequency magnetic field B i may comprise only one sinusoidally modulated component. In this case, only the effective vector B eff revolves with respect to a terrestrial reference.
- the radio frequency magnetic field ⁇ may also comprise two modulated components sinusoidally and in quadrature phase.
- the radiofrequency vectors B ⁇ and effective B eff are rotated relative to a terrestrial reference.
- the rotation frequency of the magnetization M (due to the effective field B e ff rotating and proportional to the effective frequency v e ff) can be raised to a high value, which can exceed megahertz, compared to the prior art which is limited to a few tens of kilohertz.
- the experimenter chooses the virtual rotation speed, proportional to the effective frequency v e ff, that he wants to impose on the sample. Once this effective rotation speed has been chosen (between a few hertz and the megahertz), the amplitude of the radiofrequency field ⁇ as well as its frequency V i are found by solving the system of equation:
- the method also comprises an acquisition step E3, by at least one sensor 15, 16, of a magnetization M of the sample 2.
- This acquisition step E3 is carried out during the determined duration T and lasts a period of time. acquisition T has included in the determined duration T (see Figure 6).
- a first antenna 14 is a linear volumetric coil (for example a Rapidbiomedical model V-HLS-047) for the emission of the radiofrequency magnetic field and a second 15 is an antenna.
- Surface-type "butterfly" for reception.
- the decoupling of the two coils 14, 15 is performed in two steps. Firstly, an optimum rotation of angle ⁇ is applied to the plane of the throttle antenna in order to make the throttle antenna as parallel as possible to the radiofrequency vector ⁇ 1 generated by the transmitting antenna 14. This minimizes the flow of the radio frequency magnetic field B1 through the two loops of the butterfly antenna to a residual flow. Then, the butterfly antenna is moved in translation inside the transmitting antenna 14. By taking advantage of the non-uniform nature of the radio frequency magnetic field B 1; it is possible to find a position in which the difference in flux between the two loops 151, 152 of the throttle antenna 15 can cancel the residual flow.
- the sample 2 can be positioned inside a first loop 151 of the butterfly antenna (see FIG. 7).
- the flux produced by the magnetization of the sample is maximum in the first loop 151 and almost zero in the second loop 152.
- the acquisition step E3 may comprise the substep of acquisition E31 of magnetic signals having a frequency close to the effective frequency v e ff. This low-frequency signal provides information on the evolution over time of the magnetizations along the axis of the static field B 0 .
- the acquisition step E3 may also comprise the substep of acquisition E32 of magnetic signals having a frequency close to the frequency of Larmor v 0 . This step makes it possible to follow the evolution of the signal over time in the plane perpendicular to the static vector
- the signals collected by the sensors 15, 16 can then be filtered E4 to eliminate spurious signals from the generators 13, 14; 13, 141, 142 of magnetic fields.
- the collected signals are then processed E5 to reconstruct a three-dimensional signal describing over time the evolution of the magnetization
- the three-dimensional signal can be described in spherical coordinates by three parameters (p, ⁇ , cp) corresponding to the amplitude, latitude and colatitude of the signal.
- a demodulation step E6 may be performed on the three-dimensional signal to represent it in the terrestrial frame according to a fixed reference.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a timing diagram showing the acquisition of the signals during the emission of the radio frequency magnetic field B. According to this particular timing diagram, the acquisition is triggered before the radiofrequency magnetic field ⁇ is applied and the acquisition ends after the radiofrequency magnetic field is cut off.
- Figure 8 also shows the two acquired signals.
- the first at the top corresponds to the real part of the transverse magnetization while the second at the bottom corresponds to the complex part of this magnetization.
- These two oscillating and observable signals persist for a time of more than 300 ms, which is a relatively long time in the field of NMR acquisition. When the radiofrequency magnetic field is cut off, the observed signal disappears in only about twenty milliseconds.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1060142A FR2968408B1 (fr) | 2010-12-06 | 2010-12-06 | Procede de caracterisation d'echantillon solide par spectrometrie rmn et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
| PCT/EP2011/071960 WO2012076545A1 (fr) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Procédé de caractérisation d'échantillon solide par spectrométrie rmn et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2649464A1 true EP2649464A1 (fr) | 2013-10-16 |
Family
ID=44168075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11802677.2A Withdrawn EP2649464A1 (fr) | 2010-12-06 | 2011-12-06 | Procédé de caractérisation d'échantillon solide par spectrométrie rmn et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9733325B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2649464A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2968408B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012076545A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3040734A1 (fr) | 2014-07-17 | 2016-07-06 | Crocus Technology Inc. | Appareil et procédé pour détecter un champ magnétique à l'aide de matrices d'éléments de détection de champ magnétique pour applications haute tension |
| US10401442B2 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2019-09-03 | Crocus Technology Inc. | Apparatus, system, and method for sensing communication signals with magnetic field sensing elements |
| US9766305B2 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2017-09-19 | Crocus Technology Inc. | Apparatus and method for layout of magnetic field sensing elements in sensors |
| HK1252007A1 (zh) | 2015-05-12 | 2019-05-10 | Hyperfine, Inc. | 射频线圈方法和装置 |
| DE102015120644B3 (de) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-03-09 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung und Detektion einer transienten Magnetisierung einer Probe |
| WO2017088851A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh | Dispositif pour générer et détecter une résonance magnétique d'un échantillon |
| US10481220B2 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2019-11-19 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Circular vertical hall (CVH) sensing element with signal processing and arctangent function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AU2003223429A1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-27 | University Of Rochester | Cryogenically cooled phased array rf receiver coil for magnetic resonance imaging |
| EP1946137A1 (fr) * | 2005-10-11 | 2008-07-23 | Steady State Imaging Advanced MRI Technologies | Excitation a balayage de frequences pour une resonance magnetique |
| US8064982B2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2011-11-22 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Methods for magnetic resonance analysis using magic angle technique |
| DE102009014924B3 (de) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-16 | Bruker Biospin Mri Gmbh | Rekonstruktion von Spektral- oder Bilddateien bei simultaner Anregung und Detektion in der Magnetischen Resonanz |
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2010
- 2010-12-06 FR FR1060142A patent/FR2968408B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-12-06 US US13/991,886 patent/US9733325B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-06 WO PCT/EP2011/071960 patent/WO2012076545A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-12-06 EP EP11802677.2A patent/EP2649464A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2012076545A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9733325B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
| FR2968408A1 (fr) | 2012-06-08 |
| WO2012076545A1 (fr) | 2012-06-14 |
| US20130328562A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| FR2968408B1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 |
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