EP2643577A1 - Control means and method for detecting the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Control means and method for detecting the rotational speed of an internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2643577A1 EP2643577A1 EP11770106.0A EP11770106A EP2643577A1 EP 2643577 A1 EP2643577 A1 EP 2643577A1 EP 11770106 A EP11770106 A EP 11770106A EP 2643577 A1 EP2643577 A1 EP 2643577A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- detected
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/042—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12
- G01M15/046—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring a single specific parameter not covered by groups G01M15/06 - G01M15/12 by monitoring revolutions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0097—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating speed signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
- F02N11/0855—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear during engine shutdown or after engine stop before start command, e.g. pre-engagement of pinion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/06—Reverse rotation of engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting rotational speeds of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine with a signal wheel with marks on the crankshaft, wherein by means of a sensor, the marks on the signal wheel of a detection and evaluation device are detected and evaluated.
- the invention further relates to a computer program product and a controller having a detection device, and an evaluation device comprising a microcomputer with a program memory.
- DE 101 23 022 A1 or DE 101 43 954 C1 discloses a speed detection method on an internal combustion engine. Teeth of a gear attached to a crankshaft are scanned by a sensor.
- DE 10 2006 01 1 644 A1 describes a device and a method for detecting peripheral speeds of two gear parts in order to bring them into engagement with one another at a definable peripheral speed for starting the internal combustion engine.
- DE 10 2008 040 830 A1 describes a method and a device of a start-stop control for an internal combustion engine, in order to mesh a pinion, driven by a starter motor, into a rotating ring gear of an outgoing internal combustion engine.
- DE 199 33 844 A1 describes a device for detecting the reverse rotation of a rotating part of an internal combustion engine.
- the passage past several teeth is detected by a sensor and the associated absolute time, that is, the tooth time is noted in a table. Since the geometric distance of the teeth is known, a speed and an angle can be calculated over the teeth times. The speed is usually calculated from averaging over several past teeth times. Typically, six teeth are to be calculated, whereby not all teeth are taken into account or a segment-by-segment calculation is carried out in order to obtain as smooth a signal as possible. It will depending on
- Speed, right cycle, maximum length of the time table and selected averaging may not include certain tooth times in the calculation. Furthermore, there is at least one tooth space to provide a crank synchronize wave. Another advantage is that a conventional signal wheel can be used, only by programming the software can be achieved with standardized hardware increased measurement accuracy. Marks can be, for example, teeth that are scanned by means of an optical sensor or Hall sensor.
- n equal to, for example, 850 revolutions per minute, in particular a sector section up to about 18 ° evaluated.
- n 850 revolutions per minute
- each detected mark is evaluated.
- Each sector segment smaller than 18 ° to be evaluated comprises two brands each.
- the highest possible accuracy for determining the speed of the crankshaft is already achieved by the detection and evaluation of two consecutive teeth.
- no more teeth are left out in order to achieve averaging.
- each detected mark is supplemented with additional information in the form of a time stamp.
- each detected mark is assigned an absolute time, not a relative one. The speed curve is thus very accurately mapped.
- the center of a gap between two marks is calculated from a triple of rotational speed n, an angle ⁇ and a time stamp t S t.
- a decay function is, as long as this is safe towards zero, or in particular linear down is counted, in which an average total slope over several teeth of the previous spout of the internal combustion engine is used.
- the method is preferably further developed as follows, that is, when a speed threshold n N , in particular below the amount, the output speed is set to "0".
- the rotational speed is set to "0" and then a calculated rotational speed n is calculated and output, if a second mark with the same
- the accuracy for calculating the rotational speed is increased by increasing the computing clock.
- a conventional calculation clock for speed and angle calculation of the motor control has a computing distance of, for example, 10 milliseconds.
- the clock rate is reduced to 5 milliseconds, more preferably 1 millisecond, and most preferably less than 1 millisecond.
- the speed can be controlled to a signal event, in particular calculated synchronously to the mark.
- the detected signal can be provided as soon as possible with a calculated speed available.
- the object is also achieved by a computer program which can be loaded into a program memory with program instructions as a microcomputer in order to carry out all the steps of a previously or subsequently described method, in particular if the computer program product is executed in the controller.
- the computer program product is preferably deposited on a non-volatile memory in the form of a microchip.
- the computer program product can preferably be implemented as a module in an already existing controller.
- the computer program product has the further advantage that it can easily be adapted to empirical values and thus maintenance and / or optimization of individual method steps can be carried out cost-effectively with little effort.
- a control with a detection device an evaluation device comprising a microcomputer with a program memory for accurate speed detection of an internal combustion engine in that the method described above is executable with the controller.
- the applications of such a controller which may be a motor control, for example, are diverse. For example, to provide a high-precision speed detection for a timely injection point of fuel in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine be advantageous or to control correspondingly highly accurate valves of the internal combustion engine.
- a further preferred application lends itself to the prognosis of the speed curve of an outgoing internal combustion engine in the application of a start-stop system of a motor vehicle, by means of the ring gear of an internal combustion engine a starter pinion and thus increase the availability of a restart.
- the microcomputer of the controller operates with a clock rate of less than 10 milliseconds, more preferably about 1 millisecond.
- FIG. 1 shows a detail of a schematic circuit diagram of a motor vehicle with inventive control and internal combustion engine
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention for operating the controller.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged time-speed-angle diagram of FIG. 4 with a reverse rotation of the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine
- Fig. 6 is a time-arithmetic
- Fig. 7 is a time-speed diagram with respect to low speeds.
- Fig. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a controller 1 for detecting the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine.
- the controller 1 is, for example, a motor controller which is connected to sensors and actuators in the information and control contact or internal combustion engine.
- the controller 1 also has the functions in a start-stop operation to control a starting device 100.
- the starting device 100 which includes a starter motor 4 with a starter pinion 5 and a meshing device 6, can be controlled by the controller 1.
- the controller 1 controls the starting device 100 such that the starter pinion 5 is meshed into a ring gear 8 of the outgoing internal combustion engine 2.
- the starter motor 4 is accelerated to a certain speed and the lever 7 is actuated by the Einspurvorraum 6.
- n of the internal combustion engine 2 at the outlet In order to determine the rotational speed n of the internal combustion engine 2 at the outlet as accurately as possible, devices which are already present on the internal combustion engine 2 are used. On a crankshaft 9, which serves as a drive shaft, a signal wheel 12 with marks in the form of teeth with a number of, for example, 60 is arranged. The marks M1-M7 are detected by means of a sensor 11.
- the sensor 1 1 is either an optical sensor or a Hall sensor.
- the detected signals are transmitted to the controller 1 by the sensor 1 1.
- the controller 1 comprises a microcomputer 13, a program memory 14 and a detection device 10 for detecting the signals transmitted by the sensor 11.
- the detection device 10 can also be arranged directly on the sensor 1 1, so that the detection device 10 converts the signals detected by the sensor 11 into signals that can be processed by the microcomputer 13.
- the microcomputer 13 with the program memory 14 serves as an evaluation device in order to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the controller 1 and the starter 100 are powered by a battery 15.
- the controller 1 detects further states from the internal combustion engine 2 by means of sensors and actuates actuators, such as, for example, the fuel injection, if appropriate valve actuators, which have been omitted for reasons of simplification.
- FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method sequence as it is run through by the controller 1 according to the invention.
- a first step S1 the internal combustion engine 2 is started by the starting device 100, at the same time the crankshaft 9 is synchronized by means of the sensor 11 and the detection device 10 and the evaluation device 13.
- these are usually the omission of teeth, so tooth gaps is adjusted accordingly, the fuel injection and the valve timing.
- a conventional speed detection takes place, wherein the speed detection takes place on the basis of mean values of measured marks on the signal wheel 12.
- the step S2 is optional as well as the following polling step A3. That is, according to particular embodiments can be done immediately a high-accuracy speed detection, for example, when a computer is used with a 1 ms clock cycle.
- the interrogation step A3 it is checked whether the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 2 is smaller than an idle rotational speed n, or it is checked by the controller 1, if there is a stop condition, after which the internal combustion engine is to be turned off due to a start-stop operation. If this query step A3 is not affirmative, control remains in optional step S2.
- n Molor calculates the engine speed at time t n and this is the average speed at time t is effective .
- the engine crankshaft angle [°] from the center of a tooth gap at time t is effective , that is, the engine position at which the determined average rotational speed is effective.
- Z z is the number of teeth in the sprocket including the missing teeth for synchronization purposes.
- t n _ ! is the absolute tooth time of the previous tooth [s]
- t n is the absolute tooth time of the current tooth [s].
- the speed n between two brands is very precisely determined, with a very small sector section preferably being assumed to be between 6 and 18 °.
- additional information is added to each detected mark in the form of an absolute timestamp.
- the center of each gap between two marks is calculated from a triple of the rotational speed n at an angle a and a time stamp. It is thus for each mark or the middle of a gap of two brands a triplet of a speed n, Wnkel a and an absolute time ffektiv known.
- n h If, below a certain speed threshold n h, no new mark is detected in an expected time T 1, it is hyperbolic to an estimated turning moment. number n s counted down.
- the function for the hyperbolic counting down is set in a calculation rule in the controller 1.
- step A6 If the query step A6 is answered in the affirmative, then the controller 1 comes to an end in method step S8 since no speed n is to be detected and evaluated.
- the high-precision calculation of the rotational speed in step S4 can also take place in that, for example, the calculation clock of the microcomputer 13 is increased, that is to say the computing clock is less than 10 milliseconds, for example 5 or even less than 1 millisecond.
- the calculation clock may also be event-controlled, that is, synchronous with the mark.
- only one computer program product is implemented in the controller 1, so that the hardware side is essentially already known and present in conventional vehicles.
- FIG. 3 shows a time-speed-angle diagram with marks from the signal wheel 12.
- An engine speed n 9 shows the actual engine speed n 9 over the time t of the crankshaft 9.
- the times t1, t3, t5, t7 and t9 are marked with diamond boxes, on each of which a mark M1-M5 in the form of a tooth is detected and on which a calculation of the rotational speed n with respect to the respective last mark ke takes place. That is, at time t3, the signal wheel 12 has rotated 6 degrees further degrees to 12 degrees, and thus a certain speed can be calculated at time t3.
- the calculated speed is shown in FIG. 3 with empty quadrilaterals and denoted by n i3 , n i5 , n i7 and n i9 .
- Fig. 3 are designated. Further, the calculated angles ⁇ of the centers of the spaces between two marks are plotted at points t 2 , t 4 , t 6 and t 8 .
- the actual angles ⁇ of the half-period between two marks are slightly higher because the speed drops between two brands and vice versa it is slightly lower as the speed increases.
- FIG. 4 shows a time-speed-angle diagram with the speed range of an outgoing internal combustion engine 2.
- the x-axis is the time axis t on the left side, the rotational speed n 9 of the crankshaft 9 is plotted and superposed is the Wnkel a, which is detected by the detection device 10 by means of the sensor 1 1.
- the detection device 10 At time t 10 is the
- the controller 1 is switched to high-precision speed detection.
- the segment ⁇ is detected in segments.
- the characteristic ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ results.
- the next segment a M 2 is detected.
- the third segment is detected with a M 3.
- the speed n has fallen below 400 revolutions per minute, so that the further speed curve n 9 can be assigned to the segment S3.
- the crankshaft 9 is in a zero crossing, that is, the crankshaft 9 rotates from the Time t 40 briefly back to the time t 50 and remains from the time t 50 stand.
- Fig. 4 shows a time-speed-angle diagram updated for each tooth. 5 shows an enlarged detail from the time t 30 of the time
- Speed-angle diagram according to FIG. 4.
- the rotational speed n 9 is hyperbolic counted down, for example, at less than 100 revolutions per minute, if a new mark, in this case a tooth, is not detected by the sensor 1 1 after an expected time.
- the hyperbolic decay occurs, for example, until the time t 40 . If there is a reversal of direction during the
- Counting down a tooth is detected in a different direction, the counting down is continued with a changed sign before the speed, cf. dashed speed curve.
- the rotational speed is set to zero in a change of direction according to a calculation rule for return, rather than negative speeds calculated, since this corresponds to a continuous speed curve. Only with a second tooth in the same direction of rotation a calculated, possibly negative speed is output. If a reversal of the direction of rotation is detected, the speed calculation remains active. From the time t 42 , a second tooth has been detected, so that negative speeds are detected, for example in the range of 40 revolutions per minute.
- the speed sounds hyperbolic for example in the time range t 48 until time t 50 against "zero" until a speed n 9 is detected and calculated, for example, 10 revolutions per minute, which as a standstill with a speed n 0
- a flag is set as soon as the count down is started and the flag is released again as soon as this state is left, which has the advantage that this state is explicitly marked for other functions, for example as a suitable time to track becomes.
- Fig. 6 shows a time-right clock diagram with a comparison of the conventional speed calculation and the fine, inventive speed calculation.
- a tooth shape physical mark signal is represented by rectangular teeth of marks M 1, M2, M3, M6 and M7.
- the marks M4 and M5 are tooth spaces to synchronize the signal wheel 12.
- , R10 M indicate a 10 millisecond calculation grid in the conventional calculation, such as averaged over several teeth in a computing step.
- time t oo, t2oo, t 30 o, t 6 and t oo 70 o marks M1-M7 according to the new sampling ER- construed and used for the speed calculation.
- the relative speed times are recorded in a table and the average of, for example, 6 teeth is calculated.
- the absolute times are preferably recorded.
- the half between the teeth times is back-calculated.
- the speed n is thus formed from a time interval of the last two to x mark signals.
- the angle ⁇ of the tooth is subtracted from the half tooth spacing at the time of calculation to set the center between the two marks.
- the current absolute calculation time t 2 oo is calculated back by a subtraction of the half duration from the time of the first to the second mark.
- relative tooth times can also be recorded and from this the speed can be calculated.
- FIG. 7 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 5 with respect to the hyperbolic counting down.
- a physical mark signal MS1 takes place.
- a second physical mark signal MS2 is detected at time 1 34 .
- the rotational speed n 9 is maintained at a constant value in the microcomputer 13 as long as the new time duration T 0 is smaller
- T x is. If the time duration T 0 exceeds the time duration T t , a hyperbolic counting down is started in accordance with a known calculation rule so that a speed of less than 10 revolutions is detected at the time t 39 . To the Time t 40 is thus assumed a speed of zero revolutions.
- n 60 [s / min]
- t 36 is the current time of the measurement and t 35 is the time duration to be measured T 0 is equal to t 3 6-t 3 4. All figures only show schematic representations that are not true to scale. Incidentally, reference is made in particular to the drawings for the invention as essential.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010061769A DE102010061769A1 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2010-11-23 | Control and method for speed detection of an internal combustion engine |
PCT/EP2011/067963 WO2012069255A1 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2011-10-14 | Control means and method for detecting the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2643577A1 true EP2643577A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
Family
ID=44801015
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11770106.0A Withdrawn EP2643577A1 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2011-10-14 | Control means and method for detecting the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9170176B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2643577A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103210196B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010061769A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012069255A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5464095B2 (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2014-04-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Engine stop / start control device |
JP6101530B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 | 2017-03-22 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | In-vehicle control device and starter |
JP6447339B2 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2019-01-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Engine control device |
FR3060058B1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2020-01-10 | Continental Automotive France | METHOD FOR ESTIMATING A PHYSICAL STOPPING OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE102017222834A1 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining a direction of rotation of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
DE102018200521A1 (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining a position of an internal combustion engine |
JP6800192B2 (en) | 2018-09-28 | 2020-12-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Internal combustion engine speed detector |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3085382B2 (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 2000-09-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Method for controlling combustion state of internal combustion engine |
DE19633066C2 (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-09-03 | Telefunken Microelectron | Method for the cylinder-selective control of a self-igniting internal combustion engine |
JP3596303B2 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2004-12-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Engine speed detector |
DE19933844A1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Device for detecting the turning back of a rotating part of an internal combustion engine |
JP3954761B2 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2007-08-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Electronically controlled fuel injection system for engines |
GB2374150B (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2003-02-19 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method of determining engine speed |
DE10123022B4 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2005-06-23 | Siemens Ag | Speed detection method |
DE10143954C1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2003-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Speed detection method |
JP2006029247A (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-02-02 | Denso Corp | Stop and start control device for engine |
JP4440029B2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2010-03-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Control device for internal combustion engine |
JP4516401B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2010-08-04 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Engine start control device |
US8855888B2 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2014-10-07 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine misfire identification device for internal combustion engine, vehicle equipped with the same and method of engine misfire identification |
DE102006011644A1 (en) | 2006-03-06 | 2007-09-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device having a first gear part for meshing in a second gear part, in particular starting device with a pinion for meshing in a ring gear of an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a device |
DE112007002701A5 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2009-08-13 | Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg | Method for controlling a motor |
JP5026334B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2012-09-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Angular velocity and angular acceleration calculation device, torque estimation device, combustion state estimation device |
DE102008040830A1 (en) | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and apparatus of a start-stop control for an internal combustion engine |
FR2942852B1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2011-03-18 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | METHOD FOR VALIDATING THE STOP POSITION OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
-
2010
- 2010-11-23 DE DE102010061769A patent/DE102010061769A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-10-14 EP EP11770106.0A patent/EP2643577A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-10-14 WO PCT/EP2011/067963 patent/WO2012069255A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-10-14 CN CN201180056067.1A patent/CN103210196B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-14 US US13/988,481 patent/US9170176B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2012069255A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9170176B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
US20130325246A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
CN103210196B (en) | 2017-02-22 |
CN103210196A (en) | 2013-07-17 |
DE102010061769A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
WO2012069255A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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