EP2642593A1 - Dreidimensionale Spiralantenne und Anwendungen davon - Google Patents

Dreidimensionale Spiralantenne und Anwendungen davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2642593A1
EP2642593A1 EP13001203.2A EP13001203A EP2642593A1 EP 2642593 A1 EP2642593 A1 EP 2642593A1 EP 13001203 A EP13001203 A EP 13001203A EP 2642593 A1 EP2642593 A1 EP 2642593A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spiral antenna
dimensional
spiral
shape
antenna element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP13001203.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolaos Alexopoulos
Seunghwan Yoon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Broadcom Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/720,565 external-priority patent/US9147933B2/en
Application filed by Broadcom Corp filed Critical Broadcom Corp
Publication of EP2642593A1 publication Critical patent/EP2642593A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
    • H01Q9/27Spiral antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and more particularly to antenna structures used in such wireless communication systems.
  • Radio frequency wireless communication systems may operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, RFID, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), WCDMA, local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), LTE, WiMAX, and/or variations thereof.
  • RF wireless communication systems may operate in accordance with one or more standards including, but not limited to, RFID, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), WCDMA, local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), LTE, WiMAX, and/or variations thereof.
  • IR infrared
  • IrDA Infrared Data Association
  • an RF wireless communication device For an RF wireless communication device to participate in wireless communications, it includes a built-in radio transceiver (i.e., receiver and transmitter) or is coupled to an associated radio transceiver (e.g., a station for in-home and/or in-building wireless communication networks, RF modem, etc.).
  • the receiver is coupled to the antenna and includes a low noise amplifier, one or more intermediate frequency stages, a filtering stage, and a data recovery stage.
  • the transmitter includes a data modulation stage, one or more intermediate frequency stages, and a power amplifier, which is coupled to the antenna.
  • the antenna structure is designed to have a desired impedance (e.g., 50 Ohms) at an operating frequency, a desired bandwidth centered at the desired operating frequency, and a desired length (e.g., 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength of the operating frequency for a monopole antenna).
  • the antenna structure may include a single monopole or dipole antenna, a diversity antenna structure, an antenna array having the same polarization, an antenna array having different polarization, and/or any number of other electro-magnetic properties.
  • Two-dimensional antennas are known to include a meandering pattern or a micro strip configuration.
  • One popular mechanism is to use an isolator.
  • Another popular mechanism is to use duplexers.
  • a three-dimensional spiral antenna comprises:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises one of:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises one of:
  • the substrate comprises one of:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises:
  • the three-dimensional shaped region comprises one of:
  • a three-dimensional spiral antenna comprises:
  • each of the first and second spiral antenna elements comprises one of:
  • each of the first and second spiral antenna elements comprises one of:
  • the substrate comprises one of:
  • each of the first and second spiral antenna elements comprises:
  • each of the first and second spiral antenna elements comprises:
  • the three-dimensional shaped region comprises one of:
  • a radio frequency (RF) front-end module comprises:
  • the RF front-end module further comprises at least one of:
  • the RF front-end module further comprises:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises one of:
  • the spiral antenna element comprises one of:
  • the three-dimensional spiral antenna comprises:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a wireless communication device 5 that includes a radio frequency (RF) front-end module 10, a power amplifier 18, a low noise amplifier 20, an up-conversion module 22, a down-conversion module 24, and a baseband processing module 26.
  • the RF front-end module 10 includes a three-dimensional (3D) spiral antenna 12, a receive-transmit (RX-TX) isolation module 14, and a tuning module 16.
  • the communication device 5 may be any device that can be carried by a person, can be at least partially powered by a battery, includes a radio transceiver (e.g., radio frequency (RF) and/or millimeter wave (MMW)) and performs one or more software applications.
  • a radio transceiver e.g., radio frequency (RF) and/or millimeter wave (MMW)
  • the communication device 5 may be a cellular telephone, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant, a video game console, a video game player, a personal entertainment unit, a tablet computer, etc.
  • the baseband processing module 26 converts outbound data (e.g., voice, text, video, graphics, video file, audio file, etc.) into one or more streams of outbound symbols in accordance with a communication standard, or protocol.
  • the up-conversion module 22 which may be a direct conversion module or a super heterodyne conversion module, converts the one or more streams of outbound symbols into one or more up-converted signals.
  • the power amplifier 18 amplifies the one or more up-converted signals to produce one or more outbound RF signals.
  • the RX-TX isolation module 14 isolates the outbound RF signal(s) from inbound RF signal(s) and provides the outbound RF signal(s) to the 3D spiral antenna 12 for transmission. Note that the tuning module 16 tunes the RX-TX isolation module 14.
  • the 3D antenna 12 receives the inbound RF signal(s) and provides them to the RX-TX isolation module 14.
  • the RX-TX isolation module 14 isolates the inbound RF signal(s) from the outbound RF signal(s) and provides the inbound RF signal(s) to the low noise amplifier 20.
  • the low noise amplifier 20 amplifies the inbound RF signal(s) and the down-conversion module 24, which may be a direct down conversion module or a super heterodyne conversion module, converts the amplified inbound RF signal(s) into one or more streams of inbound symbols.
  • the baseband processing module 26 converts the one or more streams of inbound symbols into inbound data.
  • the RF front-end module 10 may be implemented as an integrated circuit (IC) that includes one or more IC dies and an IC package substrate.
  • the tuning module 16 is implemented on the one or more IC dies.
  • the IC package substrate supports the IC die(s) and may further include the 3D spiral antenna 12.
  • the RX-TX isolation module 14 may be implemented on the one or more IC dies and/or on the IC package substrate.
  • One or more of the power amplifier 18, the low noise amplifier 20, the up-conversion module 22, the down-conversion module 24, and the baseband processing module 26 may be implemented on the one or more IC dies.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of an RF front-end module 10 that includes the 3D spiral antenna 12, a duplexer 14-1 and a balance network 14-2 as the RX-TX isolation module 14, and a resistor divider (R1 and R2), a detector 34, and a tuning engine 36 as the tuning module 16.
  • the duplexer 14-1 ideally functions, with respect to the secondary winding, to add the voltage induced by the inbound RF signal on the two primary windings and to subtract the voltage induced by the outbound RF signal on the two primary windings such that no outbound RF signal is present on the secondary winding and that two times the inbound RF signal is present on the secondary winding.
  • the balance network 14-2 adjusts its impedance based on feedback from the tuning module 16 to substantially match the impedance of the 3D spiral antenna such that the duplexer functions more closely to ideal.
  • Figure 3 is an isometric diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a substrate 40, a spiral antenna element 46, and a feed point 48 coupled to a connection point of the spiral antenna element 46.
  • the substrate 40 which may be one or more printed circuit boards, one or more integrated circuit package substrates, and/or a non-conductive fabricated antenna backing structure, includes an external three-dimension shaped region 42 (e.g., extends beyond the surface, or a perimeter, of the substrate 40).
  • the spiral antenna element 46 is supported by and conforms to the three-dimensional shaped region 42 such that the spiral antenna element 46 has an overall shape approximating a three-dimensional shape.
  • the spiral antenna element has a hyperbolic shape that is about the same size as the three-dimensional shaped region 42.
  • the substrate 40 may be a non-conductive antenna backing structure (e.g., plastic, glass, fiberglass, etc.) that is encompassed by the 3D shaped region 42 to provide a hyperbolic shaped antenna.
  • the diameter of the hyperbolic shape may range from micrometers for high frequency (e.g., tens of gigi-hertz) and/or low power applications to tens of meters for lower frequency and/or higher power applications.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 42 has a conical shape such that the spiral antenna element 46 also has a conical shape and is about the same size as the three-dimensional shaped region 42.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 42 may have other shapes, such as a cup shape, a cylindrical shape, a pyramid shape, a box shape (as shown in Figure 3 ), a spherical shape, or a parabolic shape.
  • Figure 4 is an isometric diagram of another embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a substrate 40, a spiral antenna element 46, and a feed point 48 coupled to a connection point of the spiral antenna element 46.
  • the substrate 40 which may be one or more printed circuit boards, one or more integrated circuit package substrates, and/or a non-conductive fabricated antenna backing structure, includes an internal three-dimension shaped region 44 (e.g., extends inward with respect to the surface or outer edge of the substrate 40).
  • the spiral antenna element 46 is supported by and conforms to the three-dimensional shaped region 44 such that the spiral antenna element 46 has an overall shape approximating a three-dimensional shape.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 44 may have a cup shape, a parabolic shape, a conical shape, a box shape (as shown in Figure 4 ), a cylindrical shape, a pyramid shape, or a spherical shape.
  • FIGs 5-8 are diagrams of embodiments of the spiral antenna element 46 of the 3D antenna 12 that has a one or more turn spiral shape.
  • the spiral shape may be an Archimedean spiral shape and/or an equiangular spiral shape (e.g., Celtic spiral). Due to the spiral nature of the spiral antenna element 46 the antenna has a gain of approximately 3 dB (e.g., a spiral gain component) because the opposite radiation lobe is inverted, thus doubling the forward radiation pattern energy. The gain of the antenna is further increased by approximately 2 dB due the three-dimensional shape of the antenna element (e.g., a three-dimensional gain component). As such, the 3D spiral antenna 12 has approximately a 5 dB gain.
  • the frequency band of operation of the 3D spiral antenna 12 is based, at least in part, on the physical attributes of the antenna 12. For instance, the dimensions of the excitation region of the antenna 12 (i.e., the feed point and/or the radius of the inner turn) establish an upper cutoff region of the bandwidth and the circumference of the spiral antenna 12 establishes a lower cutoff region of the bandwidth.
  • the spiral pattern creates a circular polarization.
  • the trace width, distance between traces, length of each spiral section, distance to a ground plane, and/or use of an artificial magnetic conductor plane affect the quality factor, radiation pattern, impedance (which is fairly constant over the bandwidth), gain, and/or other characteristics of the antenna 12.
  • the spiral antenna element 46 includes a conductive wire formed as a multiple turn spiral. The length, width, and distance between the turns are dictated by the desired characteristics of the antenna (e.g., bandwidth, center frequency, quality factor, impedance, polarization, etc.).
  • Figure 6 illustrates the spiral antenna element 46 including a substantially solid conducive material with a multiple turn spiral slot.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the spiral antenna element 46 including the conductive wire or the substantially solid conductor implementation having a symmetrical spiral pattern 52, which creates a radiation pattern that is substantially perpendicular to the feed point.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the spiral antenna element 46 including the conductive wire or the substantially solid conductor implementation having an eccentric spiral pattern 54, which creates a radiation pattern that is not perpendicular to the feed point.
  • Figure 9 is an isometric diagram of the three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a spiral antenna element 46 in a three-dimensional parabolic shape.
  • the substrate 40 includes just the 3D shaped region 42 or 44.
  • the 3D antenna 12 is a parabolic spiral antenna having the characteristics mentioned above.
  • the spiral antenna element 46 may be implemented in accordance with one or more of Figures 5-8 .
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional diagram of the three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a spiral antenna element 46 and the substrate 40 including just a three-dimensional parabolic shape.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional diagram of the three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a spiral antenna element 46 and the substrate 40 including just a three-dimensional hyperbolic shape.
  • the 3D antenna 12 is a hyperbolic spiral antenna having the characteristics mentioned above. Note that the spiral antenna element 46 may be implemented in accordance with one or more of Figures 5-8 .
  • Figure 12 is an isometric diagram of another embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a substrate 40, interwoven spiral antenna elements 60, and a feed point 62 coupled to a connection point of the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60.
  • the substrate 40 which may be one or more printed circuit boards, one or more integrated circuit package substrates, and/or a non-conductive fabricated antenna backing structure, includes an external three-dimension shaped region 42 (e.g., extends beyond the surface, or a perimeter, of the substrate 40).
  • the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 includes a first spiral antenna element and a second spiral antenna element and is supported by and conforms to the three-dimensional shaped region 42 such that the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 have an overall shape approximating a three-dimensional shape.
  • the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 have a hyperbolic shape that is about the same size as the three-dimensional shaped region 42.
  • the substrate 40 may be a non-conductive antenna backing structure (e.g., plastic, glass, fiberglass, etc.) that is encompassed by the 3D shaped region 42 to provide a hyperbolic shaped antenna.
  • the diameter of the hyperbolic may range from micrometers for high frequency (e.g., tens of gigi-hertz) and/or low power applications to tens of meters for lower frequency and/or higher power applications.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 42 has a conical shape such that the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 also has a conical shape and is about the same size as the three-dimensional shaped region 42.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 42 may have other shapes, such as a cup shape, a cylindrical shape, a pyramid shape, a box shape (as shown in Figure 12 ), a spherical shape, or a parabolic shape.
  • Figure 13 is an isometric diagram of another embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes a substrate 40, the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60, and a feed point 62 coupled to a connection point of the interwoven spiral antenna elements.
  • the substrate 40 which may be one or more printed circuit boards, one or more integrated circuit package substrates, and/or a non-conductive fabricated antenna backing structure, includes an internal three-dimension shaped region 44 (e.g., extends inward with respect to the surface or outer edge of the substrate 40).
  • the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 is supported by and conforms to the three-dimensional shaped region 44 such that the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 have an overall shape approximating a three-dimensional shape.
  • the three-dimensional shaped region 44 may have a cup shape, a parabolic shape, a conical shape, a box shape (as shown in Figure 4 ), a cylindrical shape, a pyramid shape, or a spherical shape.
  • Figure 14 is a diagram of another embodiment of the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 that includes a first spiral antenna element 60-1 and a second spiral antenna element 60-2.
  • Each of the first and second spiral antenna elements 60-1 and 60-2 may have an Archimedean spiral shape or an equiangular spiral shape. Further, each of the first and second spiral antenna elements may have a symmetric spiral pattern or an eccentric spiral pattern. Still further, each of the first and second spiral antenna elements may include a conductive wire formed as a multiple turn spiral.
  • the antenna 12 Due to the spiral nature of the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60, the antenna 12 has a gain of approximately 3 dB (e.g., a spiral gain component) because the opposite radiation lobe is inverted, thus doubling the forward radiation pattern energy.
  • the gain of the antenna is further increased by approximately 2 dB due the three-dimensional shape of the antenna element (e.g., a three-dimensional gain component).
  • the 3D spiral antenna 12 has approximately a 5 dB gain.
  • the frequency band of operation of the 3D spiral antenna 12 is based, at least in part, on the physical attributes of the antenna 12. For instance, the dimensions of the excitation region of the antenna 12 (i.e., the feed point and/or the radius of the inner turn) establish an upper cutoff region of the bandwidth and the circumference of the spiral antenna 12 establishes a lower cutoff region of the bandwidth.
  • the interwoven spiral pattern creates a circular polarization.
  • the trace width, distance between traces, length of each spiral section, distance to a ground plane, and/or use of an artificial magnetic conductor plane affect the quality factor, radiation pattern, impedance (which is fairly constant over the bandwidth), gain, and/or other characteristics of the antenna 12.
  • this specific example antenna has a bandwidth of 2 - 8 GHz, centered at 5 GHz.
  • Figure 15 is a diagram of another embodiment of interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 that includes a first spiral antenna element 60-1 and a second spiral antenna element 60-2.
  • Each of the first and second spiral antenna elements 60-1 and 60-2 may have an Archimedean spiral shape or an equiangular spiral shape. Further, each of the first and second spiral antenna elements may have a symmetric spiral pattern or an eccentric spiral pattern. Still further, the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 may be a substantially solid conducive material, wherein a multiple turn spiral slot separates the first and second spiral antenna elements 60-1 and 60-2.
  • Figure 16 is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional antenna 12 includes the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 and the substrate 40 including just a three-dimensional parabolic shape.
  • the 3D antenna 12 is a parabolic spiral antenna having the characteristics mentioned above.
  • the spiral antenna element 46 may be implemented in accordance with one or more of Figures 13-14.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional diagram of the three-dimensional antenna 12 that includes the interwoven spiral antenna elements 60 and the substrate 40 including just a three-dimensional hyperbolic shape.
  • the 3D antenna 12 is a hyperbolic spiral antenna having the characteristics mentioned above.
  • the spiral antenna element 46 may be implemented in accordance with one or more of Figures 13-14 .
  • the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences.
  • the term(s) "operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level.
  • inferred coupling i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference
  • the term "operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items.
  • the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item.
  • the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that signal 1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of signal 1 is greater than that of signal 2 or when the magnitude of signal 2 is less than that of signal 1.
  • processing module may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.
  • a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions.
  • the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or further include, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit.
  • a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information.
  • processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry.
  • the memory element may store, and the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.
  • Such a memory device or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.
  • the present invention may have also been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is used herein to illustrate the present invention, an aspect thereof, a feature thereof, a concept thereof, and/or an example thereof.
  • a physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process that embodies the present invention may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein.
  • the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.
  • signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential.
  • signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential.
  • a signal path is shown as a single-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path.
  • a signal path is shown as a differential path, it also represents a single-ended signal path.
  • module is used in the description of the various embodiments of the present invention.
  • a module includes a processing module, a functional block, hardware, and/or software stored on memory for performing one or more functions as may be described herein. Note that, if the module is implemented via hardware, the hardware may operate independently and/or in conjunction software and/or firmware.
  • a module may contain one or more sub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.

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EP13001203.2A 2012-03-23 2013-03-11 Dreidimensionale Spiralantenne und Anwendungen davon Ceased EP2642593A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US201261614685P 2012-03-23 2012-03-23
US201261731949P 2012-11-30 2012-11-30
US13/720,565 US9147933B2 (en) 2010-04-11 2012-12-19 Three-dimensional spiral antenna and applications thereof

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EP2642593A1 true EP2642593A1 (de) 2013-09-25

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KR (1) KR101448053B1 (de)
CN (2) CN203242742U (de)
TW (1) TWI525910B (de)

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EP0198578A1 (de) * 1985-02-19 1986-10-22 Raymond Horace Du Hamel Zweifach polarisierte schlängelnd ausgeführte Antenne
US20070152904A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2007-07-05 Broadcom Corporation, A California Corporation Impedance matched passive radio frequency transmit/receive switch
US20120007791A1 (en) * 2010-07-05 2012-01-12 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Antenna Fabrication with Three-Dimensional Contoured Substrates
US20120068912A1 (en) * 2010-09-20 2012-03-22 Associated Universities, Inc. Inverted conical sinuous antenna above a ground plane

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3012916A1 (fr) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-08 France Etat Antenne a reflecteur

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CN103326110B (zh) 2017-03-01
KR101448053B1 (ko) 2014-10-07
TW201340469A (zh) 2013-10-01
CN203242742U (zh) 2013-10-16
CN103326110A (zh) 2013-09-25
KR20130108190A (ko) 2013-10-02

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