EP2636114A2

EP2636114A2 - System and method for the complete and unrestricted use of electrical energy generated in an uncontrolled manner

Info

Publication number: EP2636114A2
Application number: EP11776358.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Spiegel; Franz W. Albert
Original assignee: Chemin GmbH
Current assignee: Chemin GmbH
Priority date: 2010-11-02
Filing date: 2011-10-19
Publication date: 2013-09-11
Also published as: WO2012059183A2; WO2012059183A3; DE102010050020B4; DE102010050020A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for the complete and unrestricted use of electrical energy, wherein it is determined whether there is a power surplus, and, if there is a power surplus, a heat generator in a heat reservoir is switched on. Said heat generator introduces said power into a heat reservoir in the form of heat.

Description

System and method for the complete and unrestricted use of uncontrolled electrical energy

The present invention relates to a system and a method for the complete and unrestricted use of uncontrolled electrical energy, in particular naturally generated electrical energy whose performance is subject to generation-related fluctuations.

In particular, in environmentally friendly processes for energy production, it is very difficult to ensure a constant performance of the energy generated over a long period of time. Examples are the fluctuating ones

Benefits of energy generated by wind turbines (WTG), which depends on the locally prevailing, often strongly fluctuating wind conditions, or energy generated by photovoltaic plants, which varies with one

Solar radiation fluctuates. Even in hydroelectric power plants, a water level-dependent power fluctuation is usually noticed, but in the

Comparison with the power fluctuations in wind turbines is usually slower and predictable.

These power fluctuations, in particular the extreme power volatility of wind energy, represent a current physical technical challenge in the energy industry.

The existing systems and procedures have the disadvantages that one

Storage of sufficient amounts of energy can not be represented, as is the case for example with accumulators, or that high losses occur due to poor efficiency in the use or recycling of the stored energy.

In general, the surplus power is often used by procedures that bring this power into an unusable form, destroyed or renounced their use.

The present invention has for its object, a system and a

To provide methods that overcome the disadvantages listed above and allow a representation of negative control energy to optimize or maximize the energy generated, and in particular to ensure full and unrestricted use of electrical energy generated by environmentally friendly processes.

The object is achieved by a method in which heat is generated from an electrical power overhang by means of a heat generator, which is preferably stored in a heat accumulator or introduced into a heat converter. In particular, the heat is stored in a liquid medium, preferably oil or water, or introduced into this medium.

The procedure is based on the steps:

Determination of a performance surplus,

Connection, preferably stepless connection, at least one

Heat generator in the presence of a power overhang, preferably by a control signal, in particular to specification of the network control center, optionally successive connection of at least one other

Heat generator, if the excess power still exists,

Shutdown of the heat generator, if the power overhang is no longer present.

A determination of whether there is a performance overhang is possible by the following preferred methods alone or in combination:

a) The frequency of the electricity in the power grid, z. B. 50 Hz in Germany, is monitored. As the power applied increases, the frequency increases. If the Overcharging the grid frequency of 50 Hz by +/- 1 Hz raises or lowers, the mains protection shutdown is stimulated. To ensure a safe distance to the protective shutdown, the mains frequency must therefore be

Do not exceed the bandwidth of +/- 800 mHz from the nominal frequency. Thus, there is a power surplus when the network frequency deviates by more than 100 mHz from the average network frequency, preferably by more than 500 mHz, more preferably by more than 800 mHz, or if the network frequency threatens to deviate by such an amount.

b) The voltage in the mains is monitored. As the applied power increases, the maximum voltage and / or the mean value of the voltage increases. Power over-performance occurs when the measured voltage exceeds a guideline value by a predetermined amount. Preferably lies

Power surplus if the measured maximum voltage exceeds the mean maximum voltage by more than 1%, in particular more than 3%, and / or the measured mean value of the voltage exceeds the normal mean value by more than 1%, in particular more than 3% ,

c) the power of the energy producers is measured; if the sum of the measured powers exceeds a reference value, then there is a performance overhang.

In general, each network control center has reliable policies and devices that can define and measure performance overhead. Thus, it is generally known to the person skilled in the art when there is an excess of power and it is not necessary to make investments for further devices.

A preferred combination of the above-described methods is the

Monitoring the performance of at least the energy producers, whose performance is subject to fluctuations, in parallel to measurements that determine the state of the network. A performance overhang can be determined by comparing the introduced power on the one hand and load / consumption on the other hand. Combined monitoring, which includes both the state of a power generator or a group of energy producers and the state of the power grid, makes it possible to convert the energy generated by the energy generator or the group of energy generators into heat with a power surplus in a specifically defined time and / or space ,

A pure monitoring of the network makes it possible for each region to relieve the network by means of the method according to the invention in the case of local power surges independently of the energy producers.

The connection or disconnection of the heat generator or the heat generator can be done manually, in particular by a network control center, or automatically.

In particular, the heat generator receives signals for connection or disconnection by means of an information connection. A preferred information link is a signal line, which is preferably not connected to the power grid, or a signal transmission by electromagnetic waves, e.g. radio transmitted signals.

The automatic switching on and off of the heat generator or the

Heat generator is preferably effected by a sensor unit, which measures whether there is a power overhang in the power grid, and according to the measurement, turns on or off the heat generator (s) by means of the information connection.

Preferred heat generators are ohmic heat generators, in particular heat generators from the group of electric heating cartridges, night storage heaters, glow wires, infrared radiators and Peltier elements.

Ohmic heat generators have the advantage that due to the purely ohmic resistance, there is no phase shift in the grid power, so the grid does not experience any additional disturbances as a result of the connection of this load. In a system based on this method, in the event of a power overage, a heat generator in a heat reservoir is turned on, and in the event that the power overflow is no longer present, the heat generator is turned off again.

In a preferred embodiment, the heat is introduced or generated by the heat generator in a heat reservoir, in which preferably by a

Electric heating cartridge, a liquid medium, e.g. Water or oil, is heated. Preferred heat reservoirs are heat storage or heat exchangers, e.g. Shell boilers. Preferred heat storage are boilers, Ruths storage or heat storage of a biogas plant or industrial plant.

Preferably, a heat storage or heat exchanger additionally contains other elements which are particularly suitable for generating heat by other methods, for example, burners for fossil fuels or heat exchangers for introducing waste heat, such as is produced as waste heat in energy production by biogas engines. It is also possible that the heat storage is already heated by an electric heat generator. In this case, only one unit is required, which makes it possible to use the

Switch on heat generator at a power overhang and turn off again targeted.

In a preferred embodiment, a conventional heat storage, which still has no electric heat generator, retrofitted with such.

In a further preferred embodiment, an electrically heated heat accumulator with a unit for receiving the above

equipped signals according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment, the heat reservoir is used, or additionally used, by means of an energy generator the temperature difference of a region of this heat reservoir to a temperature range of different temperature, preferably to a colder heat reservoir or a lower temperature region of the same

Heat reservoirs to generate energy.

Preferred energy producers are energy producers from the group

Stirling engines, thermocouples and Organic Rankine Cycle plants.

A preferred system for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises at least one unit for measuring the power level of the

Power network, preferably at least one unit for determining the performance of at least one power generator or a group of

Energy generators and at least one heat generator in one

Heat reservoir, at least one control unit for switching on and off or continuous consumption control of the heat generator, wherein the control unit connects the heat generator as soon as the higher-level grid control determines the non-adjustable power surplus and requests switchable consumers.

A preferred further embodiment additionally includes at the heat reservoir a unit for generating usable electrical energy from the in

Heat reservoir stored heat.

Although many methods for generating energy are subject to fluctuations, however, compared to others, the method of generating energy by means of wind turbines (WEA) has a particularly high variation of the

Power up.

In addition, wind energy is generally never equal in terms of production and consumption. In particular, wind energy is without

Consideration of pending consumption level (load) generated. In particular, the energy generated in wind turbines is causing a significant excess in terms of consumption in western European industrialized countries, especially in the current and planned expansion stage of offshore wind farms.

The numerical power of the wind turbine during its maxima comes close to the power of conventional power plants or may be similar in future

Even exceed in the summer months and on marked holiday pilings.

It is particularly important to note that according to the specifications of

Renewable Energy Act (EEG) environmentally friendly power is fed into the grid with priority and takes precedence over the power that comes from fossil fuels or nuclear fuel.

The method is particularly suitable for the generation of energy from photovoltaic systems, wind turbines and plants for the use of hydropower, in particular, it effectively absorbs power surplus of wind turbines. In this way, this invention allows a meaningful implementation of the EEG, and the period until the realization of the expansion of the high voltage networks (HVDC) (high-voltage DC transmission) does not pass unused.

Although disturbances in electromagnetic fields in vacuum with

Spreading the speed of light, the power grid for power peaks on a large inertia, so that they move much slower in the network. Due to this inertia, it is possible, after a finding of a

Power surplus of an energy producer or a group of

Energy producers limited to a specific area

Over-performance in this area and / or one in this area

to store adjacent area by the inventive method in the form of heat.

An example of this is that in the case that for an offshore wind farm, z. B. by a power measurement, would be detected, the power generated in the

Power supply would produce a power overhang, Άη'-signals connected heat generators in industrial plants and heating plants in industry, agriculture and private households, these plants being all close to the coast and close to the wind farm. In this way, the excess power would be reduced immediately in the coastal area adjacent to the wind farm and could not spread or only weakened into the interior.

In a preferred embodiment, a sensor unit measures the energy generated by a power generator or a group of power generators

Power and the state of the power grid and directs a portion of the generated power or the completely generated power in one or more heat generator in the vicinity of the

Energy producer or the group of energy producers.

Such an approach would be for all energy producers with one

fluctuating range of services possible, for example also for

Photovoltaic systems or hydropower plants.

In this way, excess power is stored quickly over short but also over long periods of usable heat, rather than being destroyed. Thus, a system operating according to the method of the invention serves both as a "safety valve" and as a long term buffer.

A possible application of the method according to the invention is also possible for small, in particular private energy producers, for example in a farm with a wind energy plant. If the power sensor on the wind turbine and a sensor on the power grid measure that there is a power override, it will switch on immediately

Heat generator connected in the heating of the yard or the heat storage of a possibly existing biogas plant. In this way, the electricity generated by wind power directly benefits the heating of the farm.

Even if a power overhang only briefly, for example a few minutes or even a few seconds prevails, can be with the inventive method fossil Energy can be saved. For example, in a boiler that would normally be heated with fossil fuels and would additionally be equipped with an above-mentioned heat generator, would any of the

Heat generators additionally introduced heat to save fossil fuels.

Examples of the system according to the invention are shown in the figures and are described below.

FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a heat accumulator,

FIG. 2 shows schematically the construction of a large water storage tank,

Figure 3 shows schematically the structure of another preferred heat storage.

Example 1 :

In small communities, pressureless, high quality isolated water storage, e.g. constructed according to Figure 1, equipped with fossil burners (4) and Elektroheizpatronen (2) first store heat. Depressurized means approx. 100 ° C maximum storage tank temperature. The heat is available to users at least for heating purposes. The usable spread is between 30 ° and 100 ° C. At one

Stockpiling of 1000 m ³ is the usable energy buffer at

Heat extraction between a minimum of 58 000 kWh and a maximum of 81 000 kWh. The negative control energy can be designed on this scale in the range of a few hundred kilowatts to a few megawatts.

Example 2:

By means of a power generator (3), e.g. a Stirling engine or an ORC plant is in a water reservoir (according to Figure 1) after the

inventive method usable power from stored heat

generated and fed back into the grid.

Example 3:

A shell boiler according to Figure 2, with gas or oil fired

Flame tubes (4), is in addition to the fossil firing with electrical heat generators (2) in the boiler (1) equipped, which operate according to the inventive method.

Example 4:

A liquid-filled heat accumulator has on its upper side one or more different heat generators (2) in a heat-generating unit. Through a tube, which preferably consists of a good heat-conducting material and preferably is not rectilinear, a liquid, e.g. Oil or water that was previously heated with the heat generating unit and by heat transfer through the wall their heat to the pipe

surrounding liquid, down. Outside the heat accumulator, this liquid moves back up to the heat unit. This can be supported by pumps.

Such a heat storage has the advantage that by decreasing the heat of the liquid flowing in the tube with increasing distance to the

Heat unit, the formation of a heat gradient in the heat storage is supported.

Example 5:

If a unit for generating energy from heat is connected to a heat store, in particular to a heat store according to FIG. 3, a lower area of the same can be used as the temperature reservoir of low temperature

Heat accumulator can be used. Any temperature based energy recovery process is based on exploiting the heat differential of a high temperature region and a low temperature region. Since the low temperature region is thereby heated due to a non-ideal efficiency of each energy generator, the part of the otherwise lost heat in this way in the heat storage

be returned and remains standing, e.g. for heating, available.

Claims

claims

1. Procedure for full and unrestricted use

generated energy, characterized by the steps:

Determination of a performance surplus,

Connection of at least one heat generator in a heat reservoir in the event of a performance overhang,

Shutdown of the heat generator, if the power overhang is no longer present.

2. The method of claim 1, characterized by the additional step: optionally successive connection of at least one other heat generator, if the power overhang is still present.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the frequency of the current in the power grid is monitored.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that parallel to a grid monitoring the power is monitored at least at one power generator or a group of power generators and the one or more heat generators are switched on when the

Energy producers or the group of power producers to provide more power than the power grid can accommodate.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the connection or disconnection of the heat generator manually, in particular by a network control, or automatically.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that at least one heat generator is an ohmic Heat generator is, in particular a heat generator from the group

Electric heating cartridges, night storage heaters, filaments, infrared heaters and Peltier elements.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that in a further step by means of an energy generator from the temperature difference of a region of the heat reservoir to a temperature range of different temperature, preferably to a colder heat reservoir or a region of lower temperature thereof

Heat reservoirs, energy is generated.

8. System for full and unrestricted use

generated energy, characterized in that it comprises at least one unit for receiving a signal indicating that there is a power overhang, at least one heat generator in a heat reservoir, and at least one control unit for switching on and off of the heat generator, wherein the control unit is the heat generator switches on as soon as one

Power overhang exists in the power grid, and turns off as soon as the

Performance surplus is no longer present.

9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one unit for determining the power of at least one

Energy producer or a group of energy producers. 0. System according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it is suitable for a method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.