EP2635383B1 - Method for impregnating a workpiece having pores, and cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from the workpiece - Google Patents

Method for impregnating a workpiece having pores, and cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from the workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2635383B1
EP2635383B1 EP11776768.1A EP11776768A EP2635383B1 EP 2635383 B1 EP2635383 B1 EP 2635383B1 EP 11776768 A EP11776768 A EP 11776768A EP 2635383 B1 EP2635383 B1 EP 2635383B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
impregnating agent
gravity
cleaning liquid
gravity separator
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EP11776768.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2635383A1 (en
Inventor
Gabriele GLÜCKS
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VDT Vakuumdichttechnik GmbH
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VDT Vakuumdichttechnik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/14Removing waste, e.g. labels, from cleaning liquid; Regenerating cleaning liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26Impregnating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for removing impregnating agent residues from impregnated workpieces, and to a method for impregnating a porous workpiece with an impregnating agent, wherein the impregnating agent excess is removed from the surface of the object using the cleaning device, and then the hardening of the impregnating agent takes place ,
  • the method is particularly suitable for impregnating workpieces, such as metal parts, metal castings, mineral mixtures, ceramics, wood, coal, graphites and other porous materials.
  • Impregnation have long been, for example from the GB patent 1,547,801 known.
  • Thermosetting impregnating agents for example based on polyester, but in particular based on (meth) acrylates, are used.
  • the porous articles to be impregnated are impregnated with a liquid, thermosetting impregnating agent, whereupon the impregnating agent excess is washed off the surface of the article with water in the presence of surfactants, followed by rinsing with water without the addition of surfactants, and finally the impregnating agent is cured by heating, in particular in a water bath (polymerization bath).
  • impregnation are from the DE 2718770 and DE 4410193 are known in which thermosetting methacrylates / acrylates are used, which are removed by means of a detergent from the surface. Curing takes place in a hot water bath.
  • nonionic surfactants and water-soluble monomers are added to the resin.
  • impregnating resins therefore contain nonionic surfactants and water-soluble monomers. Water-soluble surfactants would not dissolve in water-insoluble monomers.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece and a method for impregnating objects containing pores with a liquid impregnating agent, in which the enrichment of the washing waters with impregnating agent is largely avoided, so that the washing waters are long-term can be used and in which a recycling of the remote from the impregnated articles excess impregnant without expensive processing is possible.
  • the present invention is a cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece using a cleaning liquid, with a supply device for supplying the cleaning liquid to the workpiece, a receiving space for receiving the workpiece during the cleaning process, a gravity separator for separating the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece Cleaning liquid, wherein the gravitational separator is arranged in the direction of gravity under the receiving space for the workpiece.
  • a receiving space any space that is suitable for receiving the workpiece. This does not have to be a closed room or a closed volume. Rather, it is sufficient that a space is provided in which the workpiece is received, so that the cleaning liquid can be supplied to the workpiece via the feeding device.
  • the workpiece can be held in the receiving space, for example by a suitable holding device.
  • the workpiece can be placed automatically in the receiving space, so that it is held there by the holding device while it is supplied with the cleaning liquid. Subsequently, the workpiece, preferably also automatically removed from the receiving space and further processing steps are supplied.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage that in a simple manner the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece can be separated from the cleaning liquid.
  • the deposition of the impregnating agent residues is particularly simplified in that the apparatus can be used at the same time for feeding the cleaning liquid to the workpiece and for depositing the impregnating agent residues. It is therefore not necessary to deposit the impregnating agent residues by means of a separate device.
  • the device according to the invention in a simple manner to repeat the cleaning process several times in succession. This means that in a first step, the cleaning liquid is supplied to the workpiece and then the impregnating agent residues are separated from this cleaning liquid.
  • the cleaning liquid freed from the impregnating agent residues is returned, for example by means of a pump, to the feeding device, by means of which it can be fed again to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece can be cleaned very thoroughly in several steps in a simple manner, without having to leave the device according to the invention for this purpose.
  • the feed device is arranged in the direction of gravity above the receiving space for the workpiece.
  • the supply device preferably has at least one nozzle for spraying the cleaning liquid onto the workpiece.
  • the gravity separator has obliquely extending run-off surfaces on its upper side, which are arranged in a radially outer region of the gravity separator, extend obliquely downward in the radial direction to the interior of the gravity separator and at its lower end in the direction of gravity opening a vertically extending channel, which is arranged in particular in the center of the gravity separator and, for example, below the volume of the settled impregnating agent in the deposition volume, which contains the cleaning liquor (detergent and impregnating agent residues) opens.
  • the lower end of the channel is fluidly connected to at least one separation volume which extends upward in the direction of gravity adjacent to the channel, wherein the channel and the separation volume are separated in their upper region by a channel side wall.
  • the at least one deposition volume at its upper end on a skimming device in particular a skimmer, for skimming the deposited by gravity impregnating agent residues.
  • the lower region of the gravity separator is fluidically connected to a return line for returning the gravity-separated cleaning liquid to the supply device, the return line extending from the lower region of the gravity separator to the supply device, and in particular a pump for conveying the cleaning liquid to the feeding device.
  • the impregnating agent or the impregnating agent residues which are removed with the cleaning agent is substantially water-insoluble.
  • the water solubility at 20 ° C is preferably below 2 wt .-%, more preferably below 1 wt .-% and in particular below 0.5 wt .-%, for example, at most 0.25 wt .-%.
  • the surfactants are preferably added to the cleaning liquid to be used according to the invention.
  • Those cleaning liquids which are substantially insoluble in the impregnating agent used are particularly suitable according to the invention.
  • the preferably used anionic surfactants in the cleaning liquid does not cause the impregnating agent to polymerize. This might be expected, but, surprisingly, it is not because the solubility in the resin is too low.
  • the choice of surfactants in the cleaning liquid is based on the impregnating agent, commercially available mixtures are less suitable, since there are often impregnating agent soluble nonionic surfactants.
  • the cleaning liquids used in the process or apparatus according to the invention contain anionic surfactants which are selected from the group of alkali salts and / or ammonium salts of N-alkyl-substituted sarcosine, advantageously consisting of lauroylsarcosine (N-methyl). N- (1-oxododecyl) glycine), cocoylsarcosine, myristoylsarcosine, oleoylsarcosine and stearylsarcosine.
  • the sodium salts are preferably used.
  • the cleaning liquids contain anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl polyether sulfates or sulfonates. Particularly preferred is the sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, SLES).
  • the cleaning fluids to be used according to the invention contain anionic surfactants having a pK b value above 0, preferably above 3, more preferably above 4, more preferably above 5, especially preferably above 8, and most preferably above 9.
  • the cleaning fluids to be used according to the invention comprise nonionic surfactants. These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated sorbitan esters and ethoxylated alcohols, in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • the cleaning liquids to be used according to the invention are preferably aqueous and comprise anionic and / or nonionic surfactants, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the cleaning liquid. ,
  • an optimal implementation of the method according to the invention can be accomplished, in particular with regard to recycling rate and the associated low carry-over of impregnating agent residues in the water baths.
  • the impregnating agent settles in a water bath from above, where it is pumped by the prior art with a pump in a gravitational separator. In the gravity separator, the resin separates on the surface and can then be skimmed off.
  • the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention is based on the principle that resin deposited in the water bath can be separated there immediately.
  • the separation is preferably carried out with the help of a skimmer. Due to the design and the discharge capacity, skimmers can be adapted to different discharge rates.
  • this additionally has a skimmer for skimming the separated impregnating agent.
  • the erfindungsgzeße method for removing the impregnating agent residues from a workpiece in a preferred embodiment, a step at which the recovery of the impregnating agent residues by means of a Skimmers.
  • the impregnating agent residues may optionally be separated with small amounts of water and dirt or dust.
  • the skimmers may be of various types such as e.g. Disc, hose or belt skimmers, hose skimmers are preferred.
  • a further purification of the separated impregnating agent can optionally be additionally used, for example with the aid of a filter or the like, to separate fine dust, water or other impurities from the impregnating agent.
  • the impregnating agent separated from the separation volume (26a, 26b) or a washing bath may preferably be directly reused since the composition has not changed, it has taken up substantially no surfactants from the washing bath.
  • the inventive design of the device and the method results in that a good washing effect and separation in the washing or Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) is achieved and consequently introduced little impregnating agent in the subsequent hot water bath, so that less hardened resin must be skimmed there.
  • a skimmer is preferably used to remove any small amount of entleptes and purged from the pores resin from the surface.
  • a particular advantage of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention over the prior art is that the rinsing bath is saved.
  • the impregnating agent or the impregnating agent residues which are removed with the cleaning agent is substantially water-insoluble.
  • the water solubility at 20 ° C. is preferably below 2% by weight, more preferably below 1% by weight and in particular below 0.5% by weight, for example at a maximum of 0.25% by weight.
  • the impregnating agents used according to the invention preferably contain free-radically polymerizing, liquid monomers or oligomers. Preference is given to acrylates and / or methacrylates, which are preferably substantially insoluble in water.
  • the impregnating agents preferably comprise acrylic and methacrylic acid esters as described in the literature for free-radical polymerization and in particular as impregnating constituents, in which case they are selected are that preferably there is substantially no water solubility.
  • suitable monofunctional monomers are alkyl esters and cycloalkyl esters of acrylic / methacrylic acid, such as hexyl acrylate / methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate / methacylate, lauryl acrylate / methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate / methacrylate, isotridecyl methacylates, octadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, and cyclohexyl acrylate / methacrylate.
  • di- and / or polyfunctional monomers can serve, for example, to improve the resistance to chemicals or the temperature resistance.
  • di- and / or polyfunctional monomers can serve, for example, to improve the resistance to chemicals or the temperature resistance.
  • examples are tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. They are used in amounts of 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total monomers.
  • catalysts such as azo catalysts, such as azodiisobutyronitrile, and peroxide catalysts, such as benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide can be added.
  • the impregnating agents preferably contain the catalysts (free radical initiators) in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnating agent.
  • the impregnating agents additionally contain stabilizers for improving the storage stability.
  • stabilizers are, for example, hydroquinones, substituted hydroquinones and alkylphenols.
  • the stabilizers are preferably used in amounts of from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnating agent.
  • the introduction of the liquid, impregnating agent into the pores of a workpiece takes place according to the method according to the invention for impregnating a workpiece having pores, preferably in an impregnation container.
  • the impregnation container can be a conventional container for receiving the impregnating agent.
  • the impregnation can be carried out by simple dipping, applying pressure or vacuum.
  • the introduced to be impregnated porous objects in the empty autoclave After applying a vacuum until preferably below 15 mbar, in particular below 10 mbar, the impregnating agent is flooded into the autoclave. Subsequently, the vacuum is released; Due to the pressure difference between vacuum and atmospheric pressure, the resin penetrates into the pores of the workpieces to be impregnated.
  • the workpieces are removed from the autoclave and fed to the aqueous cleaning bath or the device according to the invention.
  • the removal of the impregnating agent residues may be carried out with agitation, but preferably by spraying in the device according to the invention.
  • the container of the washing bath is a conventional container for this, for example for the usual rotary washing, spray, ultrasonic or immersion cleaning.
  • the impregnated articles are fed to the curing process.
  • the curing of the resin in the pores is preferably carried out by heating; However, it can also be cured by means of UV light or X-radiation.
  • the curing preferably takes place in a water bath, the polymerization bath, which is operated, for example, at temperatures up to 98.degree.
  • the curing times are, for example, 2 to 20 minutes. depending on the mass and heat conduction of the workpiece to be impregnated.
  • the last surfactants and impregnating agent components can be rinsed off in the polymerization bath.
  • the impregnating agent in the first washing bath or separation volume operated with the cleaning liquid to be used according to the invention, is deposited in virtually unchanged state. It can be separated from the water, for example by skimming, or gravitational separation / centrifugation.
  • the impregnating agent separated from the first washing bath or the separating volume of the device according to the invention can be reused without analysis and without further preparation for the impregnating step.
  • this can also be provided with means for separating from floating Impregnating be provided, such as skimmers.
  • means for separating from floating Impregnating such as skimmers.
  • here still separated resin must be discarded because it is already partially or completely polymerized.
  • the resin can be removed from the surface of the water by means of disk, belt and hose chambers.
  • the procedure according to the invention makes it possible to impregnate porous workpieces.
  • Examples include metal parts, metal castings, mineral mixtures, ceramics, wood, coal, graphites and other porous materials. It has the advantage that adjust the baths used by the entry and discharge of the workpieces to be impregnated to a stable state, so that a water change can be omitted and the system works wastewater-free. A regular change of the baths, as it was necessary in the prior art, as well as the introduction of water into the sewer system are thereby avoided. In addition, excess, on the surface of the objects to be impregnated entrained from the impregnating impregnant without labor and without loss of components can be reused.
  • the following impregnating resin mixture was prepared: Table 1: component Amount in percent by weight, based on the total amount of the impregnating resin mixture Tridecyl methacrylate 88.85% by weight triethylene 10% by weight azodiisobutyronitrile 1.0% by weight phenolic stabilizer 0.15% by weight
  • the impregnating composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.
  • Aluminum sinters with a porosity of about 20%, were vacuum impregnated. Then the surface in the wash bath was washed off with water and 2% anionic or nonionic surfactant. The polymerization in the pores was carried out at about 90 ° C in water for 10 minutes. The impregnation process took place twice.
  • the sealing result was checked after cooling of the sintered rings, it was at 5 bar, air under water, no leaks can be seen.
  • a temperature load of 24 hours at 200 ° C made no change.
  • the figure shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention. It can be seen that the workpiece (12) is held in the receiving space (18). This can be done by a suitable holding device, in particular automatically.
  • the cleaning fluid (14) is supplied to the workpiece (12) via the two nozzles (16). In this case, impregnating agent residues are removed from the workpiece (12).
  • the cleaning liquid (14) together with the removed impregnating agent residues fall by gravity into the gravity separator (20), wherein liquid falling on the inclined surfaces (22a, 22b) is directed toward the center of the gravity separator (20).
  • the receiving space (18) is arranged in the direction of gravity above the gravity separator (20). Above the receiving space (18), the two nozzles (16) are arranged.
  • the lower end of the channel (24) located in the center of the gravity separator (20) is fluidly connected to at least one separation volume (26a, 26b) which extends upward in the direction of gravity adjacent to the channel (24).
  • the gravity separator (20) may be cylindrical, so that the separation volume (26a, 26b) extends slightly around the channel (24). In this case, the two separation volumes (26a, 26b) are interconnected and form a single separation volume.
  • the lower region of the gravity separator (20) is connected to the two nozzles (16) via a return line (30). With the aid of the pump (34), the cleaning liquid (14) freed from the impregnating agent residues is fed again to the nozzles (16).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Imprägniermittelrückständen von imprägnierten Werkstücken, sowie ein Verfahren zum Imprägnieren eines porösen Werkstücks mit einem Imprägniermittel, wobei der Imprägniermittelüberschuss von der Oberfläche des Gegenstands unter Verwendung der Reinigungsvorrichtung entfernt wird, und anschließend die Aushärtung des Imprägniermittels erfolgt.The invention relates to a method and a device for removing impregnating agent residues from impregnated workpieces, and to a method for impregnating a porous workpiece with an impregnating agent, wherein the impregnating agent excess is removed from the surface of the object using the cleaning device, and then the hardening of the impregnating agent takes place ,

Das Verfahren ist insbesondere zum Imprägnieren von Werkstücken, wie beispielsweise Metallteilen, Metallgussteilen, Mineralstoffgemischen, Keramik, Holz, Kohle, Graphite sowie anderen porösen Materialien geeignet.The method is particularly suitable for impregnating workpieces, such as metal parts, metal castings, mineral mixtures, ceramics, wood, coal, graphites and other porous materials.

Imprägnierverfahren sind seit langem, beispielsweise aus der GB-Patentschrift 1,547,801 bekannt. Es werden wärmehärtbare Imprägniermittel, beispielsweise auf Polyesterbasis, insbesondere jedoch auf der Basis von (Meth)acrylaten eingesetzt. Typischerweise werden nach den Stand der Technik die zu imprägnierenden porösen Gegenstände mit einem flüssigen, wärmehärtbaren Imprägniermittel imprägniert, worauf der Imprägniermittelüberschuss von der Oberfläche des Gegenstandes mit Wasser in Gegenwart von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln abgewaschen, anschliessend eine Spülung mit Wasser ohne Zusatz von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln erfolgt und schliesslich das Imprägniermittel durch Erwärmen, insbesondere im Wasserbad (Polymerisationsbad), ausgehärtet wird. Zur Erleichterung der Auflösung des Imprägniermittelüberschusses wird empfohlen auch dem Imprägniermittel oberflächenaktive Mittel zuzusetzen, sowie in dem Imprägniermittel ein oder mehrere wasserlösliche Monomere zu verwenden. So enthalten handelsübliche Imprägniermittel heute Tenside und wasserlösliche Monomere, wie beispielsweise Hydroxypropylmethacrylat, das eine Löslichkeit von etwa 15 Gew.-% in Wasser (20 °C) hat. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei der bisherigen Verfahrensweise Anteile bis zu 25 Gew.-% der entfernten überschüssigen Anteile des Imprägniermittels in dem Waschwasser gelöst werden. Die Folge ist eine Verschleppung in nachfolgende Bäder und die Ausfällung im Polymerisationsbad, was zur Verschmutzung der Oberflächen der imprägnierten Gegenstände und der Bäder führt. Aus diesem Grunde müssen die Bäder einer konventionellen Anlage regelmässig verworfen werden. Auch verarmen die Imprägniermittelüberschüsse an bestimmten Monomeranteilen, so dass sie nur mit Aufbereitungsvorgängen wieder für die Imprägnierung eingesetzt werden können.Impregnation have long been, for example from the GB patent 1,547,801 known. Thermosetting impregnating agents, for example based on polyester, but in particular based on (meth) acrylates, are used. Typically, according to the prior art, the porous articles to be impregnated are impregnated with a liquid, thermosetting impregnating agent, whereupon the impregnating agent excess is washed off the surface of the article with water in the presence of surfactants, followed by rinsing with water without the addition of surfactants, and finally the impregnating agent is cured by heating, in particular in a water bath (polymerization bath). To facilitate the dissolution of the impregnating agent excess, it is also recommended to add surfactants to the impregnating agent and to use one or more water-soluble monomers in the impregnating agent. Thus, commercially available impregnating agents today contain surfactants and water-soluble monomers, such as hydroxypropyl methacrylate, which has a solubility of about 15% by weight in water (20 ° C). It has been found that in the previous procedure shares up to 25 wt .-% of the removed excess portions of the impregnating agent are dissolved in the wash water. The result is a carry-over into subsequent baths and precipitation in the polymerization bath, which leads to contamination of the surfaces of the impregnated articles and the baths. For this reason, the Baths of a conventional system are regularly discarded. The impregnating agent excesses also impoverish certain monomer proportions, so that they can only be used again for the impregnation with treatment processes.

Auch sind Imprägnierverfahren aus der DE 2718770 und DE 4410193 bekannt, bei denen thermisch härtende Methacylate/Acrylate eingesetzt werden, die mit Hilfe eines Waschmittels von der Oberfläche entfernt werden. Die Aushärtung erfolgt hierbei anschließend in einem heißen Wasserbad.Also, impregnation are from the DE 2718770 and DE 4410193 are known in which thermosetting methacrylates / acrylates are used, which are removed by means of a detergent from the surface. Curing takes place in a hot water bath.

Zur Erleichterung des Abwaschens werden dem Harz nichtionische Tenside und wasserlösliche Monomere zuzusetzen.To facilitate the washing off, nonionic surfactants and water-soluble monomers are added to the resin.

Handelsübliche Imprägnierharze enthalten deshalb nichtionische Tenside und wasserlösliche Monomere. Wasserlösliche Tenside würden sich nicht in wasserunlöslichen Monomeren lösen.Commercially available impregnating resins therefore contain nonionic surfactants and water-soluble monomers. Water-soluble surfactants would not dissolve in water-insoluble monomers.

Um ein wieder verwendbares Harzsystem herzustellen sind wasserlösliche Monomere im Harz ungeeignet, da sie sich im Wasser anreichern und nicht aus dem Wasser zurück gewonnen werden können, das zurückgewonnene Harz würde an diesen Bestandteilen verarmen.In order to make a reusable resin system, water-soluble monomers in the resin are unsuitable because they accumulate in the water and can not be recovered from the water, the recovered resin would deplete on these components.

DE 100 62 316 und JP 4154822 beschreiben ein Verfahren, in dem wasserunlösliche Monomere im Waschbad ohne Zusatz von Tensiden abgewaschen wird. Hierbei bleibt ein größerer Teil des Imprägnierharzes auf der Oberfläche der imprägnierten Werkstücke als öliger Film und wird, gemäß dem in der DE 100 62 316 beschriebenen Verfahren in das Nachspülbad verschleppt und dort abgewaschen. Aus dem Nachspülbad kann das Harz nicht mehr zurück gewonnen werden, weil es mit Bestandteilen des Waschmittels verschmutzt ist, welche teilweise im Harz löslich sind. Gemäß dem in der JP 4154822 beschriebenen Verfahren verschleppt das Harz direkt in das Polybad (Heisswasserbad). Die Abtrennung des Harzes aus dem Waschwasser erfolgt bei beiden Verfahren mit Hilfe eines Schwerkraftabscheiders. Das Harz setzt sich im Wasserbad nach oben ab, dort wird es nach Stand der Technik mit einer Pumpe in einen Schwerkraftabscheider gepumpt. In dem Schwerkraftabscheider trennt sich das Harz an der Oberfläche ab und kann dann abgeschöpft werden. DE 100 62 316 and JP 4154822 describe a process in which water-insoluble monomers are washed off in the washing bath without the addition of surfactants. Here, a larger part of the impregnating resin remains on the surface of the impregnated workpieces as an oily film and, according to the in the DE 100 62 316 described method dragged into the Nachspülbad and washed off there. From the post-rinse bath, the resin can not be recovered because it is contaminated with detergent ingredients which are partially soluble in the resin. According to the in the JP 4154822 described method entrains the resin directly into the polybad (hot water bath). The separation of the resin from the wash water takes place in both methods by means of a gravity separator. The resin settles in a water bath from above, where it is in the prior art with a pump pumped into a gravity separator. In the gravity separator, the resin separates on the surface and can then be skimmed off.

Durch das Abpumpen von der Oberfläche des Wasserbades wird schon an der Oberfläche abgesetztes Harz mit Wasser erneut vermischt, wodurch der Schwerkraftabscheider entsprechend groß ausgelegt werden muss, zum Teil führt dieses erneute Vermischen in der Pumpe in Abhängigkeit von der Pumpeleistung dazu ,dass die Trennung im Schwerkraftabscheider nur unvollständig erfolgt, wodurch Harz wieder in das Wasserbad zurückgepumpt wird, die Abtrennleistung, bzw. die Recyclequote geht zurück. Dieser Effekt tritt verstärkt auf bei hoher kontinuierlicher Belastung des Wasserbades mit Harz.By pumping off from the surface of the water bath resin already separated on the surface is mixed again with water, whereby the gravity separator must be designed to be large, in part, this re-mixing in the pump as a function of the pumping power to the separation in the gravity separator only incomplete, which resin is pumped back into the water, the separation efficiency, or the recycle rate goes back. This effect occurs increasingly with high continuous loading of the water bath with resin.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens und einer Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Imprägniermittelresten von einem Werkstück sowie ein Verfahren zum Imprägnieren von Poren enthaltenden Gegenständen mit einem flüssigen Imprägniermittel, bei dem die Anreicherung der Waschwässer mit Imprägniermittel weitgehend vermieden wird, so dass die Waschwässer langfristig verwendet werden können und bei dem eine Recyclisierung der von den imprägnierten Gegenständen entfernten überschüssigen Imprägnierungsmittel ohne aufwendige Aufbereitung möglich ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece and a method for impregnating objects containing pores with a liquid impregnating agent, in which the enrichment of the washing waters with impregnating agent is largely avoided, so that the washing waters are long-term can be used and in which a recycling of the remote from the impregnated articles excess impregnant without expensive processing is possible.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Aufgabe gelöst werden kann durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung sowie durch die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren.It has been found that this object can be achieved by the device according to the invention and by the method according to the invention.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Reinigungsvorrichtung zum Entfernen von Imprägniermittelresten von einem Werkstück unter Verwendung einer Reinigungsflüssigkeit, mit einer Zuführvorrichtung zum Zuführen der Reinigungsflüssigkeit zum Werkstück, einem Aufnahmeraum zum Aufnehmen des Werkstücks während des Reinigungsvorgangs, einem Schwerkraftabscheider zum Abscheiden der vom Werkstück entfernten Imprägniermittelreste von der Reinigungsflüssigkeit, wobei der Schwerkraftabscheider in Schwerkraftrichtung unter dem Aufnahmeraum für das Werkstück angeordnet ist.The present invention is a cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece using a cleaning liquid, with a supply device for supplying the cleaning liquid to the workpiece, a receiving space for receiving the workpiece during the cleaning process, a gravity separator for separating the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece Cleaning liquid, wherein the gravitational separator is arranged in the direction of gravity under the receiving space for the workpiece.

Unter einem Aufnahmeraum wird jeglicher Raum verstanden, der zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks geeignet ist. Hierbei muss es sich nicht um einen abgeschlossenen Raum oder ein abgeschlossenes Volumen handeln. Vielmehr ist es ausreichend, dass ein Raum bereitgestellt wird, in dem das Werkstück aufgenommen wird, so dass dem Werkstück über die Zuführvorrichtung die Reinigungsflüssigkeit zugeführt werden kann. Das Werkstück kann im Aufnahmeraum, beispielsweise durch eine geeignete Haltevorrichtung gehalten werden. Insbesondere kann das Werkstück automatisiert in dem Aufnahmeraum platziert werden, so dass es dort durch die Haltevorrichtung gehalten wird, während ihm die Reinigungsflüssigkeit zugeführt wird. Anschließend kann das Werkstück, vorzugsweise ebenfalls automatisiert vom Aufnahmeraum entfernt und weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten zugeführt werden.Under a receiving space is understood any space that is suitable for receiving the workpiece. This does not have to be a closed room or a closed volume. Rather, it is sufficient that a space is provided in which the workpiece is received, so that the cleaning liquid can be supplied to the workpiece via the feeding device. The workpiece can be held in the receiving space, for example by a suitable holding device. In particular, the workpiece can be placed automatically in the receiving space, so that it is held there by the holding device while it is supplied with the cleaning liquid. Subsequently, the workpiece, preferably also automatically removed from the receiving space and further processing steps are supplied.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bietet den Vorteil, dass auf einfache Weise die vom Werkstück entfernten Imprägniermittelreste von der Reinigungsflüssigkeit abgeschieden werden können. Das Abscheiden der Imprägniermittelreste wird insbesondere dadurch vereinfacht, dass die Vorrichtung gleichzeitig zum Zuführen der Reinigungsflüssigkeit zum Werkstück und zum Abscheiden der Imprägniermittelreste verwendet werden kann. Es ist somit nicht notwendig, die Imprägniermittelreste mittels einer gesonderten Vorrichtung abzuscheiden. Weiterhin ist es durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung auf einfache Weise möglich, den Reinigungsprozess mehrmals hintereinander zu wiederholen. Dies bedeutet, dass in einem ersten Schritt die Reinigungsflüssigkeit dem Werkstück zugeführt wird und anschließend die Imprägniermittelreste von dieser Reinigungsflüssigkeit abgeschieden werden. Daraufhin wird die von den Imprägniermittelresten befreite Reinigungsflüssigkeit, beispielsweise mit Hilfe einer Pumpe, wieder der Zuführvorrichtung zugeführt, über die sie erneut dem Werkstück zugeführt werden kann. Somit kann das Werkstück auf einfache Weise in mehreren Arbeitsschritten besonders gründlich gereinigt werden, ohne dass es hierfür die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verlassen muss.The device according to the invention has the advantage that in a simple manner the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece can be separated from the cleaning liquid. The deposition of the impregnating agent residues is particularly simplified in that the apparatus can be used at the same time for feeding the cleaning liquid to the workpiece and for depositing the impregnating agent residues. It is therefore not necessary to deposit the impregnating agent residues by means of a separate device. Furthermore, it is possible by the device according to the invention in a simple manner to repeat the cleaning process several times in succession. This means that in a first step, the cleaning liquid is supplied to the workpiece and then the impregnating agent residues are separated from this cleaning liquid. Then the cleaning liquid freed from the impregnating agent residues is returned, for example by means of a pump, to the feeding device, by means of which it can be fed again to the workpiece. Thus, the workpiece can be cleaned very thoroughly in several steps in a simple manner, without having to leave the device according to the invention for this purpose.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsvorrichtung ist die Zuführvorrichtung in Schwerkraftrichtung oberhalb des Aufnahmeraums für das Werkstück angeordnet.In a preferred embodiment of the cleaning device according to the invention, the feed device is arranged in the direction of gravity above the receiving space for the workpiece.

Bevorzugt weist die Zuführvorrichtung mindestens eine Düse zum Aufsprühen der Reinigungsflüssigkeit auf das Werkstück auf.The supply device preferably has at least one nozzle for spraying the cleaning liquid onto the workpiece.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, dass der Schwerkraftabscheider an seiner Oberseite schräg verlaufende Ablaufflächen aufweist, die in einem in radialer Richtung äußeren Bereich des Schwerkraftabscheiders angeordnet sind, in radialer Richtung zum Inneren des Schwerkraftabscheiders schräg nach unten verlaufen und an ihrem in Schwerkraftrichtung unteren Ende in einen vertikal verlaufenden Kanal münden, der insbesondere in der Mitte des Schwerkraftabscheiders angeordnet ist und der beispielsweise unterhalb des Volumens des abgesetzen Imprägniermittels in das Abscheidevolumen, welches die Reinigungslauge ( Reinigungsmittel und Imprägniermittelreste) enthält, mündet.It has been found to be advantageous that the gravity separator has obliquely extending run-off surfaces on its upper side, which are arranged in a radially outer region of the gravity separator, extend obliquely downward in the radial direction to the interior of the gravity separator and at its lower end in the direction of gravity opening a vertically extending channel, which is arranged in particular in the center of the gravity separator and, for example, below the volume of the settled impregnating agent in the deposition volume, which contains the cleaning liquor (detergent and impregnating agent residues) opens.

Insbesondere bevorzugt ist das untere Ende des Kanals fluidisch mit mindestens einem Abscheidevolumen verbunden, das sich in Schwerkraftrichtung neben dem Kanal nach oben erstreckt, wobei der Kanal und das Abscheidevolumen in ihrem oberen Bereich durch eine Kanalseitenwand voneinander getrennt sind.Particularly preferably, the lower end of the channel is fluidly connected to at least one separation volume which extends upward in the direction of gravity adjacent to the channel, wherein the channel and the separation volume are separated in their upper region by a channel side wall.

Weiter bevorzugt weist das mindestens eine Abscheidevolumen an seinem oberen Ende eine Abschöpfvorrichtung, insbesondere einen Skimmer, zum Abschöpfen der durch die Schwerkraft abgeschiedenen Imprägniermittelreste auf.More preferably, the at least one deposition volume at its upper end on a skimming device, in particular a skimmer, for skimming the deposited by gravity impregnating agent residues.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist der untere Bereich des Schwerkraftabscheiders fluidisch mit einer Rückführleitung zum Rückführen der durch die Schwerkraft abgeschiedenen Reinigungsflüssigkeit zu der Zuführvorrichtung verbunden, wobei die Rückführleitung vom unteren Bereich des Schwerkraftabscheiders bis zur Zuführvorrichtung verläuft und insbesondere eine Pumpe zum Fördern der Reinigungsflüssigkeit zur Zuführvorrichtung aufweist.In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the lower region of the gravity separator is fluidically connected to a return line for returning the gravity-separated cleaning liquid to the supply device, the return line extending from the lower region of the gravity separator to the supply device, and in particular a pump for conveying the cleaning liquid to the feeding device.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Imprägnieren eines Poren aufweisenden Werkstücks umfassend die Schritte:

  1. a) Einbringen eines flüssigen, vorzugsweise wärmehärtbaren, Imprägniermittels in die Poren eines Werkstücks,
  2. b) Entfernen des Imprägniermittelüberschusses von der Oberfläche des Werkstücks mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und
  3. c) Härten des Imprägniermittels, vorzugsweise durch Erwärmen des imprägnierten Werkstücks.
Another object of the present invention is a method for impregnating a voided workpiece comprising the steps:
  1. a) introducing a liquid, preferably thermosetting, impregnating agent into the pores of a workpiece,
  2. b) removing the impregnating agent excess from the surface of the workpiece with a device according to the invention and
  3. c) curing of the impregnating agent, preferably by heating the impregnated workpiece.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Imprägniermittelresten von einem Werkstück umfassend die folgenden Schritte:

  1. i) Positionieren eines mit Imprägniermittelresten versehenen Werkstücks in einen Aufnahmeraum,
  2. ii) Applizieren einer Reinigungsflüssigkeit zum Entfernen von Imprägniermittelresten auf das imprägnierte Werkstück,
  3. iii) Zuführen der Reinigungslauge in einen Schwerkraftabscheider zum Abscheiden der vom Werkstück entfernten Imprägniermittelreste von der Reinigungsflüssigkeit,
  4. iv) gegebenenfalls erneutes Applizieren der von Imprägniermittelresten im Wesentlichen befreiten Reinigungsflüssigkeit und
  5. v) gegebenenfalls Rückgewinnung der Imprägniermittelreste aus dem Schwerkraftabscheider und gegebenenfalls Wiederverwendung zur Imprägnierung,
wobei der Schwerkraftabscheider in Schwerkraftrichtung unter dem Aufnahmeraum für das Werkstück angeordnet ist.A further subject of the present invention comprises a method for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece, comprising the following steps:
  1. i) positioning a workpiece provided with impregnating agent residues into a receiving space,
  2. ii) applying a cleaning liquid for removing impregnating agent residues on the impregnated workpiece,
  3. iii) feeding the cleaning liquor into a gravitational separator for separating the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece from the cleaning liquid,
  4. iv) optionally re-applying the cleaning liquid substantially freed of impregnating agent residues and
  5. v) if appropriate, recovery of the impregnating agent residues from the gravity separator and optionally reuse for impregnation,
wherein the gravitational separator is arranged in the direction of gravity under the receiving space for the workpiece.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Imprägniermittel bzw. die Imprägniermittelreste, die mit dem Reinigungsmittel entfernt werden im Wesentlichen wasserunlöslich. Die Wasserlöslichkeit bei 20 °C, liegt bevorzugt unterhalb von 2 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb von 1 Gew.-% und insbesondere unterhalb von 0.5 Gew.-%, beispielsweise bei maximal 0.25 Gew.-%.In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the impregnating agent or the impregnating agent residues which are removed with the cleaning agent is substantially water-insoluble. The water solubility at 20 ° C, is preferably below 2 wt .-%, more preferably below 1 wt .-% and in particular below 0.5 wt .-%, for example, at most 0.25 wt .-%.

Es hat sich überraschend gezeigt, dass mit speziellen anionischen oder nichtionischen Tensiden, die in der Reinigungslösung enthalten sind, die Reinigungs- und anschließende Trennleistung optimert werden kann. Unter Verwendung solcher Tenside können die imprägnierten Oberflächen der Werkstücke gereinigt werden, z. B. in einem Waschbad, ohne das ein Nachspülbad erforderlich ist.It has surprisingly been found that with special anionic or nonionic surfactants contained in the cleaning solution, the cleaning and subsequent separation performance can be optimized. Using such surfactants, the impregnated surfaces of the workpieces can be cleaned, e.g. B. in a wash without a Nachspülbad is required.

Die Tenside werden bevorzugt der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsflüssigkeit zugesetzt. Erfindungsgemäße besonders geeignet sind solche Reinigungsflüssigkeiten, die in dem eingesetzten Imprägniermittel im Wesentlichen unlöslich sind. Bevorzugt ist eine tensidhaltige Reinigungsflüssigkeit, in der das Imprägniermittel bei 20 °C eine Löslichkeit von weniger als 5 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt weniger als 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 1 Gew.-%, beispielsweise maximal 0,5 Gew.-% aufweist. Durch Auswahl spezieller Tenside konnte zudem überraschenderweise gefunden werden, dass eine Reinigungsflüssigkeit bereitgestellt wird, in dem das Imprägniermittel im Wesentlichen unlöslich sind, die ihre Wirkung auf den Waschvorgang beschränken, und danach zu einer raschen Trennung Trennung der Reinigungslauge in Imprägniermittel und Reinigungsflüssigkeit, erfolgt. Dies ist sehr ungewöhnlich, da zu erwarten wäre, dass sich ein Verteilungsgleichgewicht zwischen der Tensidkonzentration in der Wasser und der Imprägniermittelphase einstellt. Dies konnte jedoch in der vorliegenden bevorzugten Reinigungsflüssigkeit nicht festgestellt werden.The surfactants are preferably added to the cleaning liquid to be used according to the invention. Those cleaning liquids which are substantially insoluble in the impregnating agent used are particularly suitable according to the invention. Preference is given to a surfactant-containing cleaning liquid in which the impregnating agent at 20 ° C, a solubility of less than 5 wt .-%, more preferably less than 2 wt .-%, in particular less than 1 wt .-%, for example at most 0.5 wt .-% having. By selecting specific surfactants, it was also surprisingly found that a cleaning liquid is provided in which the impregnating agents are substantially insoluble, which limit their effect on the washing process, and then a rapid separation separation of the cleaning liquor in impregnating and cleaning liquid takes place. This is very unusual as it would be expected to establish a distributional balance between the surfactant concentration in the water and the saturant phase. However, this could not be determined in the present preferred cleaning liquid.

Zudem wurde überraschend gefunden, dass die bevorzugt einzusetzenden anionischen Tenside in der Reinigungsflüssigkeit das Imprägniermittel nicht zur Polymerisation bringt. Dies könnte erwartet werden, ist aber erstaunlicherweise nicht der Fall, da die Löslichkeit in dem Harz zu gering ist.In addition, it has surprisingly been found that the preferably used anionic surfactants in the cleaning liquid does not cause the impregnating agent to polymerize. This might be expected, but, surprisingly, it is not because the solubility in the resin is too low.

Die Auswahl der Tenside in der Reinigungsflüssigkeit erfolgt bezogen auf das Imprägniermittel, handelsübliche Mischungen sind weniger geeignet, da dort oft Imprägniermittel lösliche nichtionische Tenside enthalten sind.The choice of surfactants in the cleaning liquid is based on the impregnating agent, commercially available mixtures are less suitable, since there are often impregnating agent soluble nonionic surfactants.

Die Auswahl der bevorzugten nichtionischen und anionischen Tenside erfolgt aufgrund von Lösungsversuchen im Harz, bevorzugt werden Tenside mit einem HLB-Wert oberhalb von 14 eingesetzt, da hierbei meist keine Lösung im Harz stattfindet. Der HLB-Wert wurde nach der Methode nach Davies bestimmt, der 1957 vorschlug, den HLB-Wert aus Zahlenwerten für die einzelnen chemischen Gruppen eines Moleküls zu berechnen. Vorteil dieser Methode ist die höhere Gewichtung stark wechselwirkender Gruppen gegenüber weniger wechselwirkenden. Außerdem lässt sich so der HLB-Wert auch für ionische Tenside definieren. Nach Davies berechnet sich der HLB-Wert so: HLB = 7 + m H h n H l

Figure imgb0001
mit:

  • m: Anzahl hydrophiler Gruppen im Molekül
  • Hh: Wert der hydrophilen Gruppe
  • n: Anzahl lipophiler Gruppen im Molekül
  • HI: Wert der lipophilen Gruppe
The choice of preferred nonionic and anionic surfactants is due to solution tests in the resin, preferably surfactants are used with an HLB value above 14, since this usually takes place no solution in the resin. The HLB value was determined according to the method of Davies, who in 1957 proposed to calculate the HLB value from numerical values for the individual chemical groups of a molecule. The advantage of this method is the higher weighting of strongly interacting groups over less interacting ones. In addition, the HLB value can also be defined for ionic surfactants. According to Davies, the HLB value is calculated as follows: HLB = 7 + m H H - n H l
Figure imgb0001
With:
  • m: number of hydrophilic groups in the molecule
  • H h : value of the hydrophilic group
  • n: number of lipophilic groups in the molecule
  • H I : value of the lipophilic group

( Davies JT: "A quantitative kinetic theory of emulsion type, I. Physical chemistry of the emulsifying agent," Gas/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Interface. Proceedings of the International Congress of Surface Activity (1957): 426-438 )( Davies JT: "A Quantitative Kinetic Theory of Emulsion Type", "Gas / Liquid and Liquid / Liquid Interface. Proceedings of the International Congress of Surface Activity (1957): 426-438 )

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten die in den erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren oder der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung eingesetzten Reinigungsflüssigkeiten anionische Tenside, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe der Alkalisalze und/oder Ammoniumsalze von N-Alkyl substituierten Sarkosin, vorteilhaft bestehend aus Lauroylsarkosin (N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycin), Cocoylsarkosin, Myristoylsarkosin, Oleoylsarkosin und Stearylsarcosin. Bevorzugt werden die Natriumsalze eingesetzt.In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning liquids used in the process or apparatus according to the invention contain anionic surfactants which are selected from the group of alkali salts and / or ammonium salts of N-alkyl-substituted sarcosine, advantageously consisting of lauroylsarcosine (N-methyl). N- (1-oxododecyl) glycine), cocoylsarcosine, myristoylsarcosine, oleoylsarcosine and stearylsarcosine. The sodium salts are preferably used.

Weiter bevorzugt enthalten die Reinigungsflüssigkeiten anionische Tenside ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Alkylpolyethersulfate oder- sulfonate. Besonders bevorzugt ist das Natriumdodecylpoly(oxyethylen)sulfat (Natriumlaurylethersulfat, engl. Sodium Laureth Sulfate, SLES) More preferably, the cleaning liquids contain anionic surfactants selected from the group of alkyl polyether sulfates or sulfonates. Particularly preferred is the sodium dodecylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, SLES).

In einer Ausführungsform enthalten die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsflüssigkeiten anionische Tenside mit einem pKb-Wert oberhalb von 0, bevorzugt oberhalb von 3, weiter bevorzugt oberhalb von 4, besonders bevorzugt oberhalb von 5, speziell bevorzugt oberhalb von 8, und insbesondere bevorzugt oberhalb von 9.In one embodiment, the cleaning fluids to be used according to the invention contain anionic surfactants having a pK b value above 0, preferably above 3, more preferably above 4, more preferably above 5, especially preferably above 8, and most preferably above 9.

Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsflüssigkeiten enthalten darüber hinaus in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform nichtionische Tenside. Diese sind besonders bevorzugt ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus ethoxylierten Sorbitanestern und ethoxylierte Alkohole, insbesondere ethoxylierte Fettalkohole.In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the cleaning fluids to be used according to the invention comprise nonionic surfactants. These are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated sorbitan esters and ethoxylated alcohols, in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.

Die erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsflüssigkeiten sind bevorzugt wässerig und enthalten anionische und/oder nichtionische Tenside, bevorzugt in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 15 Gew.-%, weiter bevorzugt 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Reinigungsflüssigkeit..The cleaning liquids to be used according to the invention are preferably aqueous and comprise anionic and / or nonionic surfactants, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the cleaning liquid. ,

Insbesondere durch die zuvor genannten Tenside in den erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsmitteln lässt sich eine optimale Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bewerkstellen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Recylingquote und der damit einhergehenden geringen Verschleppung von Imprägniermittelrückständen in die Wasserbäder.In particular, by the aforementioned surfactants in the detergents used according to the invention, an optimal implementation of the method according to the invention can be accomplished, in particular with regard to recycling rate and the associated low carry-over of impregnating agent residues in the water baths.

Das Imprägniermittel setzt sich im Wasserbad nach oben ab, dort wird es nach Stand der Technik mit einer Pumpe in einen Schwerkraftabscheider gepumpt. In dem Schwerkraftabscheider trennt sich das Harz an der Oberfläche ab und kann dann abgeschöpft werden.The impregnating agent settles in a water bath from above, where it is pumped by the prior art with a pump in a gravitational separator. In the gravity separator, the resin separates on the surface and can then be skimmed off.

Durch das Abpumpen von der Oberfläche des Wasserbades wird schon an der Oberfläche abgesetztes Harz mit Wasser erneut vermischt, wodurch der Schwerkraftabscheider entsprechend groß ausgelegt werden muss, zum Teil führt dieses erneute Vermischen in der Pumpe in Abhängigkeit von der Pumpeleistung dazu ,dass die Trennung im Schwerkraftabscheider nur unvollständig erfolgt, wodurch Harz wieder in das Wasserbad zurückgepumpt wird, die Abtrennleistung, bzw. die Recyclequote geht zurück, dieser Effekt tritt verstärkt auf bei hoher kontinuierlicher Belastung des Wasserbades mit Harz.By pumping off the surface of the water bath resin already deposited on the surface is again mixed with water, whereby the gravitational separator must be designed to be large, in part leads this re-mixing in the pump depending on the pumping power that the separation in the gravity separator is incomplete, whereby resin is pumped back into the water bath, the separation efficiency, or the recycle rate is reduced, this effect occurs increasingly at high continuous load of the water bath with resin.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung geht hierbei von dem Prinzip aus, dass im Wasserbad abgesetztes Harz dort sofort abgetrennt werden kann. Die Abtrennung erfolgt bevorzugt mit Hilfe eines Skimmers. Aufgrund der Bauart und der Austragleistung, können Skimmer an unterschiedliche Austragmenge angepasst werden.The method according to the invention or the device according to the invention is based on the principle that resin deposited in the water bath can be separated there immediately. The separation is preferably carried out with the help of a skimmer. Due to the design and the discharge capacity, skimmers can be adapted to different discharge rates.

Durch die Art des Skimmers wird die Oberfläche bewegt/gedreht und das abgesetzte Harz wird vom Skimmer angesaugt.By the type of skimmer the surface is moved / rotated and the settled resin is sucked by the Skimmer.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weist diese daher zusätzlich einen Skimmer zum Abschöpfen des abgetrennten Imprägniermittels auf.In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, therefore, this additionally has a skimmer for skimming the separated impregnating agent.

Ebenso zeigt das erfindungsgmäße Verfahren zum Entfernen der Imprägniermittelreste von einem Werkstück in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einen Schritt auf bei dem die Wiedergewinnung der Imprägniermittelreste mittels eines Skimmers erfolgt.Likewise, the erfindungsgmäße method for removing the impregnating agent residues from a workpiece in a preferred embodiment, a step at which the recovery of the impregnating agent residues by means of a Skimmers.

Die Imprägniermittelreste können gegebenenfalls mit geringen Mengen Wasser und Schmutz oder Staub abgetrennt werden.The impregnating agent residues may optionally be separated with small amounts of water and dirt or dust.

Die Skimmer können verschiedene Bauarten haben, wie z.B. Scheiben-, Schlauch- oder Bandskimmer, bevorzugt werden Schlauchskimmer.The skimmers may be of various types such as e.g. Disc, hose or belt skimmers, hose skimmers are preferred.

Nach der Abtrennung von der Reinigungsflüssigkeit kann gegebenenfalls noch eine weitere Aufreinigung des abgetrennten Imprägniermittels beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Filters oder ähnlichem zusätzlich angewendet werden um Feinstaub, Wasser oder sonstige Verunreinigungen vom Imprägniermittel zu trennen.After separation from the cleaning liquid, a further purification of the separated impregnating agent can optionally be additionally used, for example with the aid of a filter or the like, to separate fine dust, water or other impurities from the impregnating agent.

Das aus dem Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) oder einem Waschbad abgetrennte Imprägniermittel kann bevorzugt, da die Zusammensetzung nicht verändert ist, es im Wesentlichen keine Tenside aus dem Waschbad aufgenommen hat, direkt wieder verwendet werden.The impregnating agent separated from the separation volume (26a, 26b) or a washing bath may preferably be directly reused since the composition has not changed, it has taken up substantially no surfactants from the washing bath.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung und der Verfahren führt dazu, dass eine gute Waschwirkung und Abtrennung im Waschbad oder Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) erzielt wird und folglich wenig Imprägniermittel in das nachfolgende Heisswasserbad eingeschleppt, so dass dort auch weniger ausgehärtetes Harz abgeschöpft werden muss.The inventive design of the device and the method results in that a good washing effect and separation in the washing or Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) is achieved and consequently introduced little impregnating agent in the subsequent hot water bath, so that less hardened resin must be skimmed there.

Auch in dem Heisswasserbecken wird bevorzugt ein Skimmer eingesetzt um gegebenenfalls geringe Menge verschlepptes und aus den Poren ausgekochtes Harz von der Oberfläche zu entfernen.Also in the hot water tank, a skimmer is preferably used to remove any small amount of entleptes and purged from the pores resin from the surface.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gegenüber dem Stand der Technik ist dass das Spülbad eingespart wird.A particular advantage of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention over the prior art is that the rinsing bath is saved.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Imprägniermittel bzw. die Imprägniermittelreste, die mit dem Reinigungsmittel entfernt werden, im Wesentlichen wasserunlöslich. Die Wasserlöslichkeit bei 20 °C, liegt bevorzugt unterhalb von 2 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt unterhalb von 1 Gew.-% und insbesondere unterhalb von 0.5 Gew.-%, beispielsweise bei maximal 0.25 Gew.-%.In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the impregnating agent or the impregnating agent residues which are removed with the cleaning agent is substantially water-insoluble. The water solubility at 20 ° C. is preferably below 2% by weight, more preferably below 1% by weight and in particular below 0.5% by weight, for example at a maximum of 0.25% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Imprägniermittel enthalten bevorzugt radikalisch polymerisierende, flüssige Monomere oder Oligomere. Bevorzugt sind Acrylate und/oder Methacrylate, die bevorzugt in Wasser im Wesentlichen unlöslich sind.The impregnating agents used according to the invention preferably contain free-radically polymerizing, liquid monomers or oligomers. Preference is given to acrylates and / or methacrylates, which are preferably substantially insoluble in water.

Bevorzugt enthalten die Imprägniermittel Acryl- und Methacrylsäureester wie sie in der Literatur für die radikalische Polymerisation und insbesondere als Imprägniermittelbestandteile beschrieben werden, wobei sie so auszuwählen sind, dass bevorzugt im Wesentlichen keine Wasserlöslichkeit vorliegt. Beispiele für geeignete monofunktionelle Monomere sind Alkylester und Cycloalkylester von Acryl- /Methacrylsäure, wie Hexylacrylat/-methacrylat, Isooctylacrylat/- methacylat, Laurylacrylat/-methacrylat, Tridecylacrylat/-methacrylat, Isotridecylmethacylate, Octadecylacrylat, Stearylacrylat, sowie Cyclohexyl-acrylat/- methacrylat.The impregnating agents preferably comprise acrylic and methacrylic acid esters as described in the literature for free-radical polymerization and in particular as impregnating constituents, in which case they are selected are that preferably there is substantially no water solubility. Examples of suitable monofunctional monomers are alkyl esters and cycloalkyl esters of acrylic / methacrylic acid, such as hexyl acrylate / methacrylate, isooctyl acrylate / methacylate, lauryl acrylate / methacrylate, tridecyl acrylate / methacrylate, isotridecyl methacylates, octadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, and cyclohexyl acrylate / methacrylate.

Es ist zweckmäßig zusätzlich di- und/oder polyfunktionelle Monomere in der Mischung zu verwenden. Diese können beispielsweise zur Verbesserung der Chemikalienbeständigkeit bzw. der Temperaturbeständigkeit dienen. Beispiele sind Tetraethylenglykoldiacrylat, Triethylenglykoldiacrylat, Trimethylolpropantrimethacrylat. Sie werden in Mengen von 0,1 bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die gesamten Monomeren verwendet.It is expedient to additionally use di- and / or polyfunctional monomers in the mixture. These can serve, for example, to improve the resistance to chemicals or the temperature resistance. Examples are tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. They are used in amounts of 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, based on the total monomers.

Zur Aushärtung der radikalisch polymerisierbaren Imprägnierungmittel können übliche Katalysatoren, wie Azokatalysatoren, wie zum Beispiel Azodiisobutyronitril, sowie Peroxidkatalysatoren, wie beispielsweise Benzoylperoxid, Methylethylketonperoxid, Cumolhydroperoxid zugesetzt werden. Die Imprägniermittel enthalten die Katalysatoren (Radikalstarter) bevorzugt in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Imprägniermittels.To cure the free-radically polymerizable impregnating agent, conventional catalysts, such as azo catalysts, such as azodiisobutyronitrile, and peroxide catalysts, such as benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide can be added. The impregnating agents preferably contain the catalysts (free radical initiators) in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnating agent.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung enthalten die Imprägniermittel zusätzlich Stabilisatoren zur Verbesserung der Lagerstabilität. Diese werden Stabilisatoren sind beispielsweise Hydrochinone, substituierte Hydrochinone und Alkylphenole. Bevorzugt werden die Stabilisatoren in Mengen von in 0,01 bis 2 Gew.%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Imprägnierungsmittels eingesetzt.In a preferred embodiment, the impregnating agents additionally contain stabilizers for improving the storage stability. These stabilizers are, for example, hydroquinones, substituted hydroquinones and alkylphenols. The stabilizers are preferably used in amounts of from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the impregnating agent.

Das Einbringen des flüssigen, Imprägniermittels in die Poren eines Werkstücks erfolgt gemäß dem erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Imprägnieren eines Poren aufweisenden Werkstücks erfolgt bevorzugt in einem Imprägnierungsbehälter.The introduction of the liquid, impregnating agent into the pores of a workpiece takes place according to the method according to the invention for impregnating a workpiece having pores, preferably in an impregnation container.

Bei dem Imprägnierbehälter kann es sich um einen üblichen Behälter zur Aufnahme des Imprägniermittels handeln. Die Imprägnierung kann durch einfaches Tauchen, Anlegen von Druck oder Vakuum erfolgen. Hierzu werden die zu imprägnierenden porösen Gegenstände in den leeren Autoklaven eingebracht. Nach Anlegen eines Vakuums bis vorzugsweis unterhalb von 15 mbar, insbesondere unterhalb von 10 mbar, wird das Imprägniermittel in den Autoklaven geflutet. Anschließend wird das Vakuum aufgehoben; durch die Druckdifferenz von Vakuum und Atmosphärendruck dringt das Harz in die Poren der zu imprägnierenden Werkstücke ein.The impregnation container can be a conventional container for receiving the impregnating agent. The impregnation can be carried out by simple dipping, applying pressure or vacuum. For this purpose, the introduced to be impregnated porous objects in the empty autoclave. After applying a vacuum until preferably below 15 mbar, in particular below 10 mbar, the impregnating agent is flooded into the autoclave. Subsequently, the vacuum is released; Due to the pressure difference between vacuum and atmospheric pressure, the resin penetrates into the pores of the workpieces to be impregnated.

Nach der Imprägnierung werden die Werkstücke dem Autoklaven entnommen und dem wässrigen Reinigungsbad oder der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zugeführt. Die Entfernung der Imprängniermittelrückstände kann unter Bewegung durchgeführt werden, bevorzugt jedoch durch Besprühen in der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Bei dem Behälter des Waschbades handelt es sich um einen hierfür üblichen Behälter, beispielsweise für das übliche Drehwaschen, die Spritz-, Ultraschall- oder Tauchreinigung.After impregnation, the workpieces are removed from the autoclave and fed to the aqueous cleaning bath or the device according to the invention. The removal of the impregnating agent residues may be carried out with agitation, but preferably by spraying in the device according to the invention. The container of the washing bath is a conventional container for this, for example for the usual rotary washing, spray, ultrasonic or immersion cleaning.

Nach dem Entfernen der Imprägnierungsmittelrückstände werden die imprägnierten Gegenstände dem Härtungsvorgang zugeführt. Die Aushärtung des Harzes in den Poren erfolgt bevorzugt durch Erwärmen; es kann jedoch auch mittels, UV-Licht oder Röntgenstrahlung gehärtet werden. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Aushärtung in einem Wasserbad, dem Polymerisationsbad, das beispielsweise bei Temperaturen bis zu 98°C betrieben wird. Die Aushärtezeiten liegen beispielsweise bei 2 bis 20 min. je nach Masse und Wärmeleitung des zu imprägnierenden Werkstücks. In dem Polymerisationsbad können gleichzeitig letzte Tenside und Imprägniermittelanteile abgespült werden.After removing the impregnating agent residues, the impregnated articles are fed to the curing process. The curing of the resin in the pores is preferably carried out by heating; However, it can also be cured by means of UV light or X-radiation. The curing preferably takes place in a water bath, the polymerization bath, which is operated, for example, at temperatures up to 98.degree. The curing times are, for example, 2 to 20 minutes. depending on the mass and heat conduction of the workpiece to be impregnated. At the same time, the last surfactants and impregnating agent components can be rinsed off in the polymerization bath.

Erfindungsgemäß fällt im ersten, mit der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden Reinigungsflüssigkeit betriebenen Waschbad oder Abscheidevolumen das Imprägniermittel in praktisch unveränderten Zustand an. Es kann aus dem Wasser abgetrennt werden, beispielsweise durch Skimmen, oder Schwerkraftrennung / Zentrifugieren. Das aus dem ersten Waschbad oder dem Abscheidevolumen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung abgetrennte Imprägniermittel kann ohne Analyse und ohne weitere Aufbereitung zum Imprägnierschritt wieder verwendet werden.According to the invention, in the first washing bath or separation volume operated with the cleaning liquid to be used according to the invention, the impregnating agent is deposited in virtually unchanged state. It can be separated from the water, for example by skimming, or gravitational separation / centrifugation. The impregnating agent separated from the first washing bath or the separating volume of the device according to the invention can be reused without analysis and without further preparation for the impregnating step.

Wird die Aushärtung in einem Polymerisationsbad durchgeführt, so kann dieses ebenfalls mit Einrichtungen zur Abtrennung von aufschwimmendem Imprägniermittel versehen sein, beispielsweise Skimmern. Gegebenenfalls hier noch abgetrenntes Harz muss verworfen werden, da es schon teilsweise oder vollständig polymerisiert ist.If the curing is carried out in a polymerization bath, this can also be provided with means for separating from floating Impregnating be provided, such as skimmers. Optionally, here still separated resin must be discarded because it is already partially or completely polymerized.

Bei dem hier verwendeten Verfahren kann das Harz mit Hilfe von Scheiben-, Band-, Schlauchskimmern von der Oberfläche des Wassers entfernt.In the method used here, the resin can be removed from the surface of the water by means of disk, belt and hose chambers.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise wird es möglich, poröse Werkstücke zu imprägnieren. Beispiele hierfür sind Metallteile, Metallgussteile, Mineralstoffgemische, Keramik, Holz, Kohle, Graphite sowie anderen porösen Materialien. Es weist den Vorteil auf, dass sich die verwendeten Bäder durch den Ein- und Austrag der zu imprägnierenden Werkstücke auf einen stabilen Zustand einstellen, so dass ein Wasserwechsel entfallen kann und die Anlage abwasserfrei arbeitet. Ein regelmäßiges Wechseln der Bäder, wie es im Stand der Technik notwendig war, sowie die Einleitung von Wasser in die Kanalisation werden hierdurch vermieden. Darüber hinaus kann überschüssiges, an der Oberfläche der zu imprägnierenden Gegenstände aus dem Imprägnierbad mitgeschlepptes Imprägniermittel ohne Arbeitsaufwand und ohne Verluste an Bestandteilen wieder verwendet werden.The procedure according to the invention makes it possible to impregnate porous workpieces. Examples include metal parts, metal castings, mineral mixtures, ceramics, wood, coal, graphites and other porous materials. It has the advantage that adjust the baths used by the entry and discharge of the workpieces to be impregnated to a stable state, so that a water change can be omitted and the system works wastewater-free. A regular change of the baths, as it was necessary in the prior art, as well as the introduction of water into the sewer system are thereby avoided. In addition, excess, on the surface of the objects to be impregnated entrained from the impregnating impregnant without labor and without loss of components can be reused.

Besonders vorteilhaft können die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kontinuierlich betrieben werden.Particularly advantageous methods of the invention can be operated continuously.

Beispielexample

Es wurde die folgende Imprägnierharzmischung hergestellt: Tabelle 1: Komponente Menge in Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Imprägnierharzmischung Tridecyl methacrylat 88,85 Gew.-% Triethylenglykoldiacrylat 10 Gew.-% Azodiisobutyronitril 1.0 Gew.-% Phenolstabilisator 0.15 Gew.-% The following impregnating resin mixture was prepared: Table 1: component Amount in percent by weight, based on the total amount of the impregnating resin mixture Tridecyl methacrylate 88.85% by weight triethylene 10% by weight azodiisobutyronitrile 1.0% by weight phenolic stabilizer 0.15% by weight

Die in Tabelle 1 aufgeführte Imprägniermittelzusammensetzung wurde hergestellt.The impregnating composition shown in Table 1 was prepared.

Aluminiumsinterringe, mit einer Porosität von ca. 20 % wurden im Vakuum imprägniert. Dann wurde die Oberfläche in dem Waschbad mit Wasser und 2% anionischem oder nichtionischem Tensid abgewaschen. Die Polymerisation in den Poren erfolgte 10 Minuten bei etwa 90°C in Wasser. Der Imprägnierprozess erfolgte insgesamt zweimal.Aluminum sinters, with a porosity of about 20%, were vacuum impregnated. Then the surface in the wash bath was washed off with water and 2% anionic or nonionic surfactant. The polymerization in the pores was carried out at about 90 ° C in water for 10 minutes. The impregnation process took place twice.

Das Abdichtergebnis wurde nach dem Abkühlen der Sinterringe überprüft, es waren bei 5 bar, Luft unter Wasser, keine undichten Stellen erkennbar.The sealing result was checked after cooling of the sintered rings, it was at 5 bar, air under water, no leaks can be seen.

Eine Temperaturbelastung von 24 Stunden bei 200°C erbrachte keine Veränderung.A temperature load of 24 hours at 200 ° C made no change.

Im Folgenden wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand einer Figur erläutert.In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to a figure.

Die Figur zeigt eine schematische Ansicht einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Es ist ersichtlich, dass das Werkstück (12) im Aufnahmeraum (18) gehalten wird. Dies kann durch eine geeignete Haltevorrichtung, insbesondere automatisiert erfolgen. Über die beiden Düsen (16) wird die Reinigungsflüssigkeit (14) dem Werkstück (12) zugeführt. Hierbei werden Imprägniermittelreste von dem Werkstück (12) entfernt. Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit (14) zusammen mit den entfernten Imprägniermittelresten fällt durch die Schwerkraft in den Schwerkraftabscheider (20), wobei Flüssigkeit, die auf die schräg verlaufenden Flächen (22a, 22b) fällt, in Richtung der Mitte des Schwerkraftabscheiders (20) geleitet wird.The figure shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention. It can be seen that the workpiece (12) is held in the receiving space (18). This can be done by a suitable holding device, in particular automatically. The cleaning fluid (14) is supplied to the workpiece (12) via the two nozzles (16). In this case, impregnating agent residues are removed from the workpiece (12). The cleaning liquid (14) together with the removed impregnating agent residues fall by gravity into the gravity separator (20), wherein liquid falling on the inclined surfaces (22a, 22b) is directed toward the center of the gravity separator (20).

In der Figur ist sichtbar, dass der Aufnahmeraum (18) in Schwerkraftrichtung oberhalb des Schwerkraftabscheiders (20) angeordnet ist. Oberhalb des Aufnahmeraums (18) sind die beiden Düsen (16) angeordnet.It can be seen in the figure that the receiving space (18) is arranged in the direction of gravity above the gravity separator (20). Above the receiving space (18), the two nozzles (16) are arranged.

Das untere Ende des Kanals (24), der sich in der Mitte des Schwerkraftabscheiders (20) befindet, ist fluidisch mit mindestens einem Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) verbunden, das sich in Schwerkraftrichtung neben dem Kanal (24) nach oben erstreckt. Beispielsweise kann der Schwerkraftabscheider (20) zylinderförmig ausgebildet sein, so dass sich das Abscheidevolumen (26a, 26b) geringförmig um den Kanal (24) herum erstreckt. In diesem Fall sind die beiden Abscheidevolumina (26a, 26b) miteinander verbunden und bilden ein einziges Abscheidevolumen.The lower end of the channel (24) located in the center of the gravity separator (20) is fluidly connected to at least one separation volume (26a, 26b) which extends upward in the direction of gravity adjacent to the channel (24). For example, the gravity separator (20) may be cylindrical, so that the separation volume (26a, 26b) extends slightly around the channel (24). In this case, the two separation volumes (26a, 26b) are interconnected and form a single separation volume.

Der untere Bereich des Schwerkraftabscheiders (20) ist über eine Rückführleitung (30) mit den beiden Düsen (16) verbunden. Mit Hilfe der Pumpe (34) wird die von den Imprägniermittelresten befreite Reinigungsflüssigkeit (14) erneut den Düsen (16) zugeführt.The lower region of the gravity separator (20) is connected to the two nozzles (16) via a return line (30). With the aid of the pump (34), the cleaning liquid (14) freed from the impregnating agent residues is fed again to the nozzles (16).

Claims (10)

  1. A cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece (12) using a cleaning liquid (14), comprising
    a supply device (16) for supplying the cleaning liquid (14) to the workpiece (12),
    a receiving space (18) for receiving the workpiece (12) during the cleaning process,
    a gravity separator (20) for separating from the cleaning liquid (14) the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece (12);
    characterized in that said gravity separator (20) is arranged below the receiving space (18) for the workpiece (12) in the direction of gravity; and that said gravity separator (20) has obliquely running flood sheets (22a, 22b) on the top side thereof that are provided in a radially outer region of said gravity separator (20), run obliquely downward in a radially inward direction of the gravity separator (20) and at their lower end, in the direction of gravity, lead to a vertically running channel (24), which is more preferably provided in the center of said gravity separator (20).
  2. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that said supply device (16) is provided above the receiving space (18) for the workpiece (12) in the direction of gravity.
  3. The cleaning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said supply device (16) has at least one nozzle for spraying said cleaning liquid (14) onto the workpiece (12).
  4. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the channel (24) is in fluid communication with at least one separating volume (26a, 26b) that extends upwards beside the channel (24) in the direction of gravity, wherein said channel (24) and said separating volume (26a, 26b) are separated from one another in their upper region by a channel side wall (28a, 28b).
  5. The cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one separating volume (26a, 26b) has a skimming device (32) at its upper end, especially an oil skimmer, for skimming the impregnating agent residues separated off by gravity.
  6. The cleaning device according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lower region of said gravity separator (20) is in fluid communication with a recirculating pipe (30) for recirculating the cleaning liquid (14) separated by gravity to said supply device (16), wherein said recirculating pipe (30) runs from the lower region of the gravity separator (20) to the supply device (16), especially having a pump (34) for conveying said cleaning liquid (14) to said supply device (16).
  7. The cleaning device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said cleaning liquid is an aqueous formulation having from 0.1 to 15% by weight of non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants with an HLB value of above 14.
  8. A process for impregnating a workpiece having pores, comprising the steps of:
    a) introducing a liquid, preferably thermally curable, impregnating agent into the pores of a workpiece;
    b) removing the excess impregnating agent from the surface of said workpiece using a device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7; and
    c) curing said impregnating agent, preferably by heating the impregnated workpiece.
  9. A process for removing impregnating agent residues from a workpiece, comprising the following steps:
    i) placing a workpiece (12) having impregnating agent residues thereon into a receiving space (18);
    ii) applying a cleaning liquid (14) for removing impregnating agent residues to the impregnated workpiece;
    iii) supplying the cleaning liquor to a gravity separator (20) for separating from the cleaning liquid (14) the impregnating agent residues removed from the workpiece (12);
    iv) optionally again applying the cleaning liquid (14) essentially free from impregnating agent residues; and
    v) optionally recycling the impregnating agent residues from said gravity separator (20) and optionally reusing them for impregnating;
    wherein said gravity separator (20) is arranged below the receiving space (18) for the workpiece (12) in the direction of gravity; and wherein said gravity separator (20) has obliquely running flood sheets (22a, 22b) on the top side thereof that are provided in a radially outer region of said gravity separator (20), run obliquely downward in a radially inward direction of the gravity separator (20) and at their lower end, in the direction of gravity, lead to a vertically running channel (24), which is more preferably provided in the center of said gravity separator (20).
  10. The process according to claim 9, characterized in that said cleaning liquid is an aqueous formulation having from 0.1 to 15% by weight of non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants with an HLB value of above 14.
EP11776768.1A 2010-11-04 2011-10-27 Method for impregnating a workpiece having pores, and cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from the workpiece Active EP2635383B1 (en)

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DE102010050202.2A DE102010050202B4 (en) 2010-11-04 2010-11-04 Cleaning device and impregnation method
PCT/EP2011/068875 WO2012059397A1 (en) 2010-11-04 2011-10-27 Method for impregnating a workpiece having pores, and cleaning device for removing impregnating agent residues from the workpiece

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH132843A (en) * 1928-07-20 1929-05-15 Widmer Hermann Petrol and grease separators.
AT304004B (en) * 1969-05-08 1972-12-27 Zanussi A Spa Industrie dishwasher
GB1547801A (en) 1976-08-17 1979-06-27 Young P D Stabilized impregnant compositions for porous articles
US4130674A (en) * 1977-08-17 1978-12-19 Detrex Chemical Industries, Inc. Process of controlling organic coatings in aqueous spray booth systems
JPH04154822A (en) 1990-10-19 1992-05-27 Chuo Hatsumei Kenkyusho:Kk Impregnating liquid for porous article and treatment using the same
US5149441A (en) * 1991-10-18 1992-09-22 Loctite Corporation Method of treating wastewater containing heat-curable (meth) acrylic monomer compositions
DE4344245C2 (en) * 1993-12-23 1997-03-06 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Device on dishwashers for filtering the washing water
DE4410193A1 (en) 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Degussa Sealing of porous articles with curable impregnating fluid
JP4154822B2 (en) * 1999-12-15 2008-09-24 松下電工株式会社 lighting equipment
DE10062316A1 (en) 2000-12-14 2002-07-11 Int Metall Impraegnier Gmbh Method and device for impregnating porous objects

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EP2635383A1 (en) 2013-09-11
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ES2604927T3 (en) 2017-03-10
CN103228366A (en) 2013-07-31

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