EP2617048B1 - Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer - Google Patents

Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2617048B1
EP2617048B1 EP11754298.5A EP11754298A EP2617048B1 EP 2617048 B1 EP2617048 B1 EP 2617048B1 EP 11754298 A EP11754298 A EP 11754298A EP 2617048 B1 EP2617048 B1 EP 2617048B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum switching
contact
tap changer
switching tube
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11754298.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2617048A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dohnal
Klaus HÖPFL
Christian Pircher
Silke Wrede
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
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Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP2617048A1 publication Critical patent/EP2617048A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2617048B1 publication Critical patent/EP2617048B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6647—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having fixed middle contact and two movable contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer with vacuum interrupters for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer.
  • the invention further relates to a particularly suitable for such a tap changer novel vacuum interrupter.
  • a tap changer which has a total of four vacuum interrupters per phase.
  • a vacuum interrupter as the main contact and in each case a further vacuum interrupter, are provided in series connection with a transfer resistor, as a resistance contact.
  • the main contact of the disconnecting side is first opened, then closes the resistor contact the receiving side, so that between the two stages n and n + 1 through the switching resistors limited compensating current flows.
  • the known tap changers require four separate vacuum interrupters per phase.
  • the disadvantage is first of all the high space requirement for these vacuum interrupters themselves and the associated actuating mechanism.
  • due to the high component cost, such known constructions are relatively expensive.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tap changer, which is constructed simpler with the same functionality, in which the switching elements require less space, continue to be cheaper. It is another object of the invention to provide a vacuum interrupter, which is particularly advantageous for such a further developed tap changer usable.
  • the tap changer according to the invention is based on the general idea of uniting the two vacuum interrupters in each load branch to form a single vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention is also based on the general idea to combine the functionality of two identical tubes in a tap changer by combining a design of a tube with two movable contact systems.
  • the novel vacuum interrupter tube is simple; In particular, it has no internal contact pressure springs or sliding contacts.
  • Vacuum interrupters with two contact points are already known per se.
  • the DE 3344367 relates to a vacuum interrupter with two pairs of electrically connected in a single vacuum chamber, which are simultaneously actuated.
  • the DE 197 56 308 C1 relates to a similar vacuum interrupter with two arranged on a common axis switching sections, wherein internal contact pressure springs are provided.
  • the EP 0 258 614 B1 describes the combination of a vacuum interrupter and a specific wiring on a tap-changer. Here, several switching paths are arranged in a vacuum space, which causes a complicated structure of the vacuum interrupter with annular fixed contacts.
  • the DE 10 2006 033 422 B3 describes another vacuum interrupter with multiple functionality, in which case both annular fixed contacts and internal contact pressure springs are required. None of these known solutions is suitable for a tap changer according to the invention.
  • the geometric dimensions of the two separate contact systems are adapted to the electrical conditions of the circuit breaker underlying circuit, in particular, whether the separate contact system is used as the main or auxiliary contact.
  • the diameter of the housing or the stroke of the plunger of the respective separate contact system is varied geometrically targeted.
  • the two separate contact systems of a common vacuum interrupter are not made identical, but adapted to the electrical conditions of the tap changer by a different geometric dimensioning.
  • the general inventive idea of the present vacuum interrupter is, as explained, to combine the functionality of two identical tubes in a tap changer by the combination of a design of a tube with two movable contact systems.
  • FIG. 1 a known tap changer is shown. It has a first load branch, in which there are acting as a main contact vacuum interrupter MSV a and in parallel therewith a reverse resistor R a and acting as a resistance contact vacuum interrupter TTV a .
  • the second load branch quite analogously has a vacuum interrupter MSV b and, in parallel with this, another overvoltage resistor R b and a vacuum interrupter TTV b .
  • the known tap changer thus has two vacuum switching cells per load branch, thus four vacuum switching cells per phase in total.
  • FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention.
  • a tap changer according to the invention.
  • the previously separate, parallel vacuum switching cells of a load branch to a first vacuum interrupter Va and the previously separate, parallel vacuum switching cells of the other load branch are combined to form a second vacuum interrupter Vb.
  • the vacuum interrupters combined according to the invention will be explained in more detail below. It should be noted here that this inventive summary of the functionality of previously separate vacuum interrupters is not bound to a specific circuit; it is always possible if two or more vacuum interrupters are provided in a load branch.
  • FIG. 4 shows therefore a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention with a further developed circuit.
  • a first mechanical switch MDC a is additionally provided between the electrical connection of the first vacuum interrupter Va according to the invention (as a substitute for the separate tubes MSV a and TTV a according to the prior art) and the load derivation LA.
  • a further mechanical switching element MDC b is provided between the electrical connection of the second vacuum interrupter Vb according to the invention (as a replacement for the separate tubes TTV b and MSV b according to the prior art) of the other load branch and the load derivation.
  • Both mechanical switching elements MDC a , MDC b are exemplified here as a circuit breaker; they do not serve for commutation, but for enabling, ie the galvanic separation of the not leading to the load current load branch.
  • FIG. 5 shows a summarized in accordance with the invention vacuum interrupter. It has two separate contact systems I and II, which are arranged on both sides of a symmetry axis s2 in the transverse direction of the vacuum interrupter. In this case, a common, the entire vacuum interrupter enclosing housing 1 is provided. Centrally in the rotationally symmetrical longitudinal axis s1 an upper plunger 2 and at the opposite end a lower plunger 3 are provided which carry in the interior of the housing 1 in known manner movable contact pieces 4, 5. Both contact pieces 4, 5 can be separately and independently brought by operation of the plunger 2 or 3 with a common fixed contact 6 in conjunction.
  • the known contact springs, which interact with the plungers are not shown here for reasons of clarity. Shown are, however, upper bellows 7 and lower bellows 8, which may be the same or different. Shown here are still upper and lower ceramic 9, 10 and in the interior upper and lower vapor shield 11, 12th
  • FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention, in which the contact systems I and II are adapted by their different geometric dimensions of the tap changer specific electrical conditions. It will be in the presentation of the FIG. 6 the same reference numerals for identical components as in FIG. 5 used. Since their functionalities already in the description too FIG. 5 will be explained in more detail in the comments FIG. 6 only discussed the differences between the two embodiments.
  • the contact systems I and II and the components located in the corresponding contact system I or II dimensioned differently large and thereby the housing 1 adapted to this geometric dimensioning by the vacuum interrupter has a first, larger housing part 13 and a second, smaller, housing part 14.
  • the number of vacuum stop tubes required is de facto halved; correspondingly lower is the space required for these switching elements.
  • the costs are also falling.
  • the vacuum interrupter used in the invention which is designed as a "tandem tube" and contains two separate contact systems.
  • the vacuum interrupter according to the invention is simple; In contrast to the solutions known from the prior art, it requires neither internal contact pressure springs nor complicated operating mechanisms or special filigree contact formations, for example in ring form.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter mit Vakuumschaltröhren zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine für einen solchen Stufenschalter besonders geeignete neuartige Vakuumschaltröhre.The invention relates to a tap changer with vacuum interrupters for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer.
The invention further relates to a particularly suitable for such a tap changer novel vacuum interrupter.

Aus der DE 20 21 575 ist ein Stufenschalter bekannt, der insgesamt vier Vakuumschaltröhren pro Phase aufweist. In jedem der beiden Lastzweige sind jeweils eine Vakuumschaltröhre als Hauptkontakt und jeweils eine weitere Vakuumschaltröhre, in Reihenschaltung mit einem Überschaltwiderstand, als Widerstandskontakt vorgesehen.
Bei einer unterbrechungslosen Lastumschaltung von der bisherigen Wicklungsanzapfung n auf eine neue, vorgewählte Wicklungsanzapfung n+1 wird zunächst der Hauptkontakt der abschaltenden Seite geöffnet, darauf schließt der Widerstandskontakt der übernehmenden Seite, so dass zwischen den beiden Stufen n und n+1 ein durch die Überschaltwiderstände begrenzter Ausgleichsstrom fließt. Nachdem der bisher geschlossene Widerstandskontakt der abschaltenden Seite geöffnet hat, schließt dann der Hauptkontakt der übernehmenden Seite, so dass der gesamte Laststrom von der neuen Wicklungsanzapfung n+1 zur Lastableitung führt; die Umschaltung ist beendet.
In der DE 10 2009 048 813 ist ein weiterer Stufenschalter beschrieben, bei dem zusätzlich zwischen der elektrischen Verbindung der beiden Vakuumschaltröhren jedes Lastzweiges und der Lastableitung noch mechanische Schaltelemente vorgesehen sind.From the DE 20 21 575 is known a tap changer, which has a total of four vacuum interrupters per phase. In each of the two load branches in each case a vacuum interrupter as the main contact and in each case a further vacuum interrupter, are provided in series connection with a transfer resistor, as a resistance contact.
In an uninterrupted load switching from the previous winding tap n to a new, preselected winding tap n + 1, the main contact of the disconnecting side is first opened, then closes the resistor contact the receiving side, so that between the two stages n and n + 1 through the switching resistors limited compensating current flows. After the previously closed resistance contact has opened the disconnecting side, then closes the main contact of the receiving side, so that the entire load current from the new winding tapping n + 1 leads to the load dissipation; the switching is completed.
In the DE 10 2009 048 813 Another tap-changer is described in which additional mechanical switching elements are additionally provided between the electrical connection of the two vacuum interrupters of each load branch and the load discharge.

Die bekannten Stufenschalter benötigen vier separate Vakuumschaltröhren pro Phase.
Nachteilig ist zunächst einmal der hohe Platzbedarf für diese Vakuumschaltröhren selbst sowie die dazugehörige Betätigungsmechanik. Zudem sind, bedingt durch den hohen Bauteileaufwand, solche bekannte Konstruktionen relativ teuer.The known tap changers require four separate vacuum interrupters per phase.
The disadvantage is first of all the high space requirement for these vacuum interrupters themselves and the associated actuating mechanism. In addition, due to the high component cost, such known constructions are relatively expensive.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Stufenschalter anzugeben, der bei gleicher Funktionalität einfacher aufgebaut ist, bei dem die Schaltelemente weniger Platz benötigen, weiterhin preiswerter sind.
Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vakuumschaltröhre anzugeben, die besonders vorteilhaft für einen solchen weiter entwickelten Stufenschalter verwendbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a tap changer, which is constructed simpler with the same functionality, in which the switching elements require less space, continue to be cheaper.
It is another object of the invention to provide a vacuum interrupter, which is particularly advantageous for such a further developed tap changer usable.

Dem erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter liegt die allgemeine Idee zugrunde, die beiden Vakuumschaltröhren in jedem Lastzweig zu einer einzigen Vakuumschaltröhre zu vereinigen.The tap changer according to the invention is based on the general idea of uniting the two vacuum interrupters in each load branch to form a single vacuum interrupter.

Der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre liegt darüber hinaus die allgemeine Idee zugrunde, durch die Kombination einer Bauform einer Röhre mit zwei beweglichen Kontaktsystemen die Funktionalität von zwei baugleichen Röhren bei einem Stufenschalter zu kombinieren. Dabei ist die neuartige Vakuumschaltröhre einfach aufgebaut; sie besitzt insbesondere keine innenliegenden Kontaktdruckfedern oder Gleitkontakte.The vacuum interrupter according to the invention is also based on the general idea to combine the functionality of two identical tubes in a tap changer by combining a design of a tube with two movable contact systems. The novel vacuum interrupter tube is simple; In particular, it has no internal contact pressure springs or sliding contacts.

Vakuumschaltröhren mit zwei Kontaktstellen sind an sich bereits bekannt.
Die DE 3344367 betrifft eine Vakuumschaltröhre mit zwei elektrisch in Reihe geschalteten Kontaktpaaren in einem einzigen Vakuumraum, die gleichzeitig betätigbar sind.
Die DE 197 56 308 C1 betrifft eine ähnliche Vakuumschaltröhre mit zwei auf einer gemeinsamen Achse angeordneten Schaltstrecken, wobei innenliegende Kontaktdruckfedern vorgesehen sind.
Die EP 0 258 614 B1 beschreibt die Kombination einer Vakuumschaltröhre und einer spezifischen Beschaltung an einem Stufenschalter. Hierbei sind mehrere Schaltstrecken in einem Vakuumraum angeordnet, was einen komplizierten Aufbau der Vakuumschaltröhre mit ringförmigen Festkontakten bedingt.
Die DE 10 2006 033 422 B3 schließlich beschreibt eine weitere Vakuumschaltröhre mit mehrfacher Funktionalität, wobei auch hier sowohl ringförmige Festkontakte als auch innenliegende Kontaktdruckfedern erforderlich sind.
Keine dieser bekannten Lösungen ist für einen erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter geeignet.Vacuum interrupters with two contact points are already known per se.
The DE 3344367 relates to a vacuum interrupter with two pairs of electrically connected in a single vacuum chamber, which are simultaneously actuated.
The DE 197 56 308 C1 relates to a similar vacuum interrupter with two arranged on a common axis switching sections, wherein internal contact pressure springs are provided.
The EP 0 258 614 B1 describes the combination of a vacuum interrupter and a specific wiring on a tap-changer. Here, several switching paths are arranged in a vacuum space, which causes a complicated structure of the vacuum interrupter with annular fixed contacts.
The DE 10 2006 033 422 B3 Finally, describes another vacuum interrupter with multiple functionality, in which case both annular fixed contacts and internal contact pressure springs are required.
None of these known solutions is suitable for a tap changer according to the invention.

Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre werden die geometrischen Dimensionierungen der beiden separaten Kontaktsysteme an die elektrischen Gegebenheiten der dem Stufenschalter zu Grunde liegenden Schaltung angepasst, insbesondere, ob das separate Kontaktsystem als Haupt- oder Hilfskontakt verwendet wird. Hierfür wird beispielweise der Durchmessers des Gehäuses oder auch der Hub des Stößels des jeweiligen separaten Kontaktsystems geometrisch gezielt variiert. Mit anderen Worten: Es werden die beiden separaten Kontaktsysteme der einen gemeinesamen Vakuumschaltröhre nicht identisch ausgeführt, sondern durch eine unterschiedliche geometrische Dimensionierung an die elektrischen Gegebenheiten des Stufenschalters angepasst. Die allgemeine erfindungsgemäße Idee der vorliegenden Vakuumschaltröhre ist es, wie erläutert, durch die Kombination einer Bauform einer Röhre mit zwei beweglichen Kontaktsystemen die Funktionalität von zwei baugleichen Röhren bei einem Stufenschalter zu kombinieren. Wie weiter oben auch beschrieben, benötigt dabei jedoch nicht jedes der beweglichen Kontaktsysteme dieselben elektrischen Eigenschaften, da die Kontaktsysteme unterschiedliche Schaltungsaufgabe innerhalb der Schaltsequenz des Stufenschalters erfüllen. Ganz allgemein bedeutet dabei eine geometrisch größere Dimensionierung eines Kontaktsystems, größere dielektrische Abstände im Inneren der Vakuumschaltröhre. Diesen Zusammenhang nutz dabei die vorliegende Ausführungsform auf besonders einfache Weise, indem es die separaten Kontaktsysteme in ihrer geometrischen Gestaltung an die jeweiligen elektrischen Randbedingungen der dem Stufenschalter zu Grunde liegenden Schaltung anpasst.According to a preferred embodiment of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, the geometric dimensions of the two separate contact systems are adapted to the electrical conditions of the circuit breaker underlying circuit, in particular, whether the separate contact system is used as the main or auxiliary contact. For this example, the diameter of the housing or the stroke of the plunger of the respective separate contact system is varied geometrically targeted. In other words, the two separate contact systems of a common vacuum interrupter are not made identical, but adapted to the electrical conditions of the tap changer by a different geometric dimensioning. The general inventive idea of the present vacuum interrupter is, as explained, to combine the functionality of two identical tubes in a tap changer by the combination of a design of a tube with two movable contact systems. As described above, however, not all of the movable contact systems need the same electrical properties because the contact systems fulfill different circuit tasks within the switching sequence of the tap changer. More generally, this means a geometrically larger dimensions of a contact system, larger dielectric distances inside the vacuum interrupter. This connection uses the present embodiment in a particularly simple manner, by using the separate contact systems in its geometric design to the respective electrical boundary conditions of the tap changer underlying circuit adapts.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend beispielhaft an Hand von Zeichnungen noch näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Stufenschalter nach dem Stand der Technik
Figur 2
eine Umschaltsequenz eines solchen bekannten Stufenschalters
Figur 3
einen erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter mit kombinierter, einziger Vakuumschaltröhre in jedem Lastzweig
Figur 4
einen weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter mit kombinierter, einziger Vakuumschaltröhre in jedem Lastzweig, der zusätzliche mechanische Kontakte aufweist
Figur 5
eine erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröhre
Figur 6
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre.
Show it:
FIG. 1
a tap changer according to the prior art
FIG. 2
a switching sequence of such a known tap changer
FIG. 3
a tap changer according to the invention with combined, single vacuum interrupter in each load branch
FIG. 4
a further step switch according to the invention with combined, single vacuum interrupter in each load branch, the additional mechanical contacts
FIG. 5
a vacuum interrupter according to the invention
FIG. 6
a preferred embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention.

In Figur 1 ist ein bekannter Stufenschalter gezeigt. Er weist einen ersten Lastzweig auf, in dem sich eine als Hauptkontakt wirkende Vakuumschaltröhre MSVa sowie parallel dazu ein Überschaltwiderstand Ra sowie eine als Widerstandskontakt wirkende Vakuumschaltröhre TTVa befinden. Der zweite Lastzweig besitzt ganz analog eine Vakuumschaltröhre MSVb sowie parallel dazu einen weiteren Überschaltwiderstand Rb und eine Vakuumschaltröhre TTVb. Der bekannte Stufenschalter besitzt also zwei Vakuumschaltzellen pro Lastzweig, mithin vier Vakuumschaltzellen pro Phase insgesamt.In FIG. 1 a known tap changer is shown. It has a first load branch, in which there are acting as a main contact vacuum interrupter MSV a and in parallel therewith a reverse resistor R a and acting as a resistance contact vacuum interrupter TTV a . The second load branch quite analogously has a vacuum interrupter MSV b and, in parallel with this, another overvoltage resistor R b and a vacuum interrupter TTV b . The known tap changer thus has two vacuum switching cells per load branch, thus four vacuum switching cells per phase in total.

Figur 2 zeigt die Schaltsequenz eines solchen bekannten Stufenschalters bei der Umschaltung von der Wicklungsanzapfung n auf die Wicklungsanzapfung n+1. Die Ausgangslage, bei der die Anzapfung n beschaltet ist, entspricht der in Figur 1 dargestellten Stellung der einzelnen Schaltelemente. Die Umschaltung erfolgt in folgenden Schritten:

  • MSVa öffnet
  • TTVb schließt
  • TTVa öffnet
  • MSVb schließt; die Umschaltung ist abgeschlossen.
FIG. 2 shows the switching sequence of such a known tap changer when switching from the winding tapping n to the winding tapping n + 1. The initial position at which the tap n is connected corresponds to that in FIG. 1 shown position of the individual switching elements. Switching takes place in the following steps:
  • MSV a opens
  • TTV b closes
  • TTV a opens
  • MSV b closes; the switchover is complete.

Figur 3 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters. Hier ist - durch eine doppelte Umrahmung - schematisch dargestellt, dass die bisher separaten, parallel angeordneten Vakuumschaltzellen des einen Lastzweiges zu einer ersten Vakuumschaltröhre Va und die bisher separaten, parallel angeordneten Vakuumschaltzellen des anderen Lastzweiges zu einer zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre Vb zusammengefasst sind.
Die erfindungsgemäß zusammengefassten Vakuumschaltröhren werden weiter unten noch näher erläutert.
Anzumerken ist hier, dass diese erfindungsgemäße Zusammenfassung der Funktionalität bisher separater Vakuumschaltröhren nicht an eine spezielle Schaltung gebunden ist; sie ist immer dann möglich, wenn zwei oder mehr Vakuumschaltröhren in einem Lastzweig vorgesehen sind. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention. Here is - represented by a double frame - schematically that the previously separate, parallel vacuum switching cells of a load branch to a first vacuum interrupter Va and the previously separate, parallel vacuum switching cells of the other load branch are combined to form a second vacuum interrupter Vb.
The vacuum interrupters combined according to the invention will be explained in more detail below.
It should be noted here that this inventive summary of the functionality of previously separate vacuum interrupters is not bound to a specific circuit; it is always possible if two or more vacuum interrupters are provided in a load branch.

Figur 4 zeigt daher eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters mit einer weiterentwickelten Schaltung.
Dabei ist zusätzlich zwischen der elektrischen Verbindung der erfindungsgemäßen ersten Vakuumschaltröhre Va (als Ersatz für die separaten Röhren MSVa und TTVa nach dem Stand der Technik) und der Lastableitung LA ein erster mechanischer Schalter MDCa vorgesehen. Ganz analog ist zwischen der elektrischen Verbindung der erfindungsgemäßen zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre Vb (als Ersatz für die separaten Röhren TTVb und MSVb nach dem Stand der Technik) des anderen Lastzweiges und der Lastableitung ein weiteres mechanisches Schaltelement MDCb vorgesehen. Beide mechanischen Schaltelemente MDCa, MDCb sind hier beispielhaft als Trennschalter ausgebildet; sie dienen nicht der Kommutierung, sondern zur Freischaltung, d. h. der galvanischen Trennung des nicht den Laststrom führenden Lastzweiges. FIG. 4 shows therefore a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention with a further developed circuit.
In this case, a first mechanical switch MDC a is additionally provided between the electrical connection of the first vacuum interrupter Va according to the invention (as a substitute for the separate tubes MSV a and TTV a according to the prior art) and the load derivation LA. Analogously, a further mechanical switching element MDC b is provided between the electrical connection of the second vacuum interrupter Vb according to the invention (as a replacement for the separate tubes TTV b and MSV b according to the prior art) of the other load branch and the load derivation. Both mechanical switching elements MDC a , MDC b are exemplified here as a circuit breaker; they do not serve for commutation, but for enabling, ie the galvanic separation of the not leading to the load current load branch.

Es ist im Rahmen der Erfindung beispielsweise bei einem Stufenschalter mit vier separaten Vakuumschaltzellen pro Phase - solche Schaltungen existieren im Stand der Technik - auch möglich, jeweils zwei davon durch eine erfindungsgemäß zusammengefasste Vakuumschaltröhre zu ersetzen.It is within the scope of the invention, for example, in a tap changer with four separate vacuum switching cells per phase - such circuits exist in the prior art - also possible to replace two of them by a summarized inventively vacuum interrupter.

Figur 5 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäß zusammengefasste Vakuumschaltröhre.
Sie weist zwei separate Kontaktsysteme I und II auf, die beidseitig einer Symmetrieachse s2 in Querrichtung der Vakuumschaltröhre angeordnet sind.
Dabei ist ein gemeinsames, die gesamte Vakuumschaltröhre umschließendes Gehäuse 1 vorgesehen. Zentrisch in der rotationssymmetrischen Längsachse s1 sind ein oberer Stößel 2 und am entgegengesetzten Ende ein unterer Stößel 3 vorgesehen, die im Inneren des Gehäuses 1 auf an sich bekannte Weise bewegliche Kontaktstücke 4, 5 tragen. Beide Kontaktstücke 4, 5 können separat und unabhängig voneinander durch Betätigung des Stößels 2 oder 3 mit einem gemeinsamen feststehenden Kontakt 6 in Verbindung gebracht werden. Die bekannten Kontaktfedern, die mit den Stößeln zusammenwirken, sind hier aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt.
Dargestellt sind jedoch oberer Balg 7 und unterer Balg 8, die gleich oder auch unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein können. Dargestellt sind hier noch obere und untere Keramik 9, 10 sowie im Inneren oberer und unterer Dampfschirm 11, 12. FIG. 5 shows a summarized in accordance with the invention vacuum interrupter.
It has two separate contact systems I and II, which are arranged on both sides of a symmetry axis s2 in the transverse direction of the vacuum interrupter.
In this case, a common, the entire vacuum interrupter enclosing housing 1 is provided. Centrally in the rotationally symmetrical longitudinal axis s1 an upper plunger 2 and at the opposite end a lower plunger 3 are provided which carry in the interior of the housing 1 in known manner movable contact pieces 4, 5. Both contact pieces 4, 5 can be separately and independently brought by operation of the plunger 2 or 3 with a common fixed contact 6 in conjunction. The known contact springs, which interact with the plungers are not shown here for reasons of clarity.
Shown are, however, upper bellows 7 and lower bellows 8, which may be the same or different. Shown here are still upper and lower ceramic 9, 10 and in the interior upper and lower vapor shield 11, 12th

Figur 6 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumschaltröhre, bei der die Kontaktsysteme I und II durch ihre unterschiedlich geometrische Dimensionierung an die stufenschalterspezifischen elektrischen Gegebenheiten angepasst sind. Es werden in der Darstellung der Figur 6 gleiche Bezugszeichen für identische Bauteile wie in Figur 5 verwendet. Da deren Funktionalitäten bereits in der Beschreibung zu Figur 5 näher erläutert wurden, wird in den Ausführungen zu Figur 6 nur mehr auf die Unterschiede beider Ausführungsformen eingegangen. Im Gegensatz zu Figur 5 sind die Kontaktsysteme I und II und die in dem entsprechenden Kontaktsystem I oder II befindlichen Bauteile unterschiedlich groß dimensioniert und dabei das Gehäuse 1 an diese geometrische Dimensionierung angepasst, indem die Vakuumschaltröhre einen ersten, größeren Gehäuseteil 13 und einen zweiten, kleineren, Gehäuseteil 14 aufweist. FIG. 6 shows a preferred embodiment of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention, in which the contact systems I and II are adapted by their different geometric dimensions of the tap changer specific electrical conditions. It will be in the presentation of the FIG. 6 the same reference numerals for identical components as in FIG. 5 used. Since their functionalities already in the description too FIG. 5 will be explained in more detail in the comments FIG. 6 only discussed the differences between the two embodiments. In contrast to FIG. 5 are the contact systems I and II and the components located in the corresponding contact system I or II dimensioned differently large and thereby the housing 1 adapted to this geometric dimensioning by the vacuum interrupter has a first, larger housing part 13 and a second, smaller, housing part 14.

Insgesamt werden beim erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter mehrere Vorteile erreicht: Die Zahl der notwendigen Vakuumschaltröhren wird de facto halbiert; entsprechend geringer ist der notwendige Platzbedarf für diese Schaltelemente. Die Kosten sinken ebenfalls. Dies wird durch die erfindungsgemäße verwendete Vakuumschaltröhre erreicht, die als "Tandemröhre" ausgebildet ist und zwei separate Kontaktsysteme enthält.
Dabei ist die erfindungsgemäße Vakuumschaltröhre einfach aufgebaut; im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen benötigt sie weder innerliegende Kontaktdruckfedern noch komplizierte Betätigungsmechanismen oder spezielle, filigrane Kontaktausbildungen z.B. in Ringform.Overall, several advantages are achieved in the tap changer according to the invention: the number of vacuum stop tubes required is de facto halved; correspondingly lower is the space required for these switching elements. The costs are also falling. This is achieved by the vacuum interrupter used in the invention, which is designed as a "tandem tube" and contains two separate contact systems.
In this case, the vacuum interrupter according to the invention is simple; In contrast to the solutions known from the prior art, it requires neither internal contact pressure springs nor complicated operating mechanisms or special filigree contact formations, for example in ring form.

Claims (6)

  1. Tap changer for uninterrupted switching over between winding taps of a tapped transformer,
    wherein two load branches are provided for each phase to be switched,
    wherein each load branch comprises a vacuum switching contact acting as main contact and parallel thereto at least one series connection of a switch-over resistance and a respective further vacuum switching contact and
    wherein the two load branches are connected with a common load shunt or connectible by means of mechanical switching elements,
    characterised in that
    in each instance at least two vacuum switching contacts of each load branch are constructionally combined to form a single vacuum switching tube (Va, Vb) with two separate movable contacts (4, 5), which are actuable independently of one another, and a common fixed contact (6) and
    the common fixed contact (6) is connected with the common load shunt (LA) or connectible by means of mechanical switching contacts (MDCa, MDCb).
  2. Tap changer according to claim 1, characterised in that exactly one series connection of a switch-over resistance and a further vacuum switching contact is provided in each load branch and that the one vacuum switching contact and the one further vacuum switching contact of each load branch are combined to form a respective vacuum switching tube (Va, Vb).
  3. Vacuum switching tube for a tap changer according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that two separate and independently actuable movable contacts (4, 5) are present in mirror symmetry in a common housing (1),
    that the movable contacts (4, 5) are actuable by plungers (2, 3) at opposite sides of the longitudinal axis (s1) of the vacuum switching tube and
    that the two movable contacts (4, 5) are electrically connectible with a single fixed contact (6).
  4. Vacuum switching tube according to claim 3, characterised in that in each instance one of the movable contacts (4 or 5) forms in common with an attenuating screen (11 or 12), which encloses it, a contact system (I, II) in a separate switching chamber and
    that the two contact systems (I, II) and therewith the two switching chambers are disposed opposed opposite one another mirrored in mirror symmetry about an axis of symmetry (s2) perpendicularly to the rotationally symmetrical longitudinal axis (s1) of the vacuum switching tube.
  5. Vacuum switching tube according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that each of the two plungers (2, 3) is surrounded by a sealing bellows (7, 8).
  6. Vacuum switching tube according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the two contact systems (I and II) are dimensioned to be of geometrically different size in such a manner that these are respectively adapted to the electrical boundary conditions of the tap changer in which the vacuum switching tube is installed.
EP11754298.5A 2010-09-17 2011-09-02 Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer Not-in-force EP2617048B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010045901A DE102010045901B4 (en) 2010-09-17 2010-09-17 Step switch and vacuum interrupter for such a tap changer
PCT/EP2011/004433 WO2012034653A1 (en) 2010-09-17 2011-09-02 Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2617048A1 EP2617048A1 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2617048B1 true EP2617048B1 (en) 2014-12-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11754298.5A Not-in-force EP2617048B1 (en) 2010-09-17 2011-09-02 Tap changer and vacuum switching tube for such a tap changer

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US (1) US9165726B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2617048B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2013539221A (en)
KR (1) KR20130105825A (en)
CN (1) CN103119679B (en)
BR (1) BR112013002648A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010045901B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2532894T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1186291A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012034653A1 (en)

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EP3531435B1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2021-04-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba On-load tap changing device and on-load tap changing system
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DE102010045901B4 (en) 2012-12-27
BR112013002648A2 (en) 2016-06-14
DE102010045901A1 (en) 2012-03-22
CN103119679B (en) 2016-02-10
JP2013539221A (en) 2013-10-17
US20130220782A1 (en) 2013-08-29
KR20130105825A (en) 2013-09-26
WO2012034653A1 (en) 2012-03-22
HK1186291A1 (en) 2014-03-07
CN103119679A (en) 2013-05-22
EP2617048A1 (en) 2013-07-24
ES2532894T3 (en) 2015-04-01
US9165726B2 (en) 2015-10-20

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