EP2616804A1 - Spectromètre à mobilité d'ions à piège dynamique - Google Patents

Spectromètre à mobilité d'ions à piège dynamique

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Publication number
EP2616804A1
EP2616804A1 EP11763624.1A EP11763624A EP2616804A1 EP 2616804 A1 EP2616804 A1 EP 2616804A1 EP 11763624 A EP11763624 A EP 11763624A EP 2616804 A1 EP2616804 A1 EP 2616804A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ion trap
ions
filtering
electric field
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11763624.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexei Boulbitch
Andreas Diewald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Original Assignee
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA filed Critical IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Publication of EP2616804A1 publication Critical patent/EP2616804A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/622—Ion mobility spectrometry

Definitions

  • the invention is in the area of gas sensing devices. More precisely, this device is able to separate volatile organic compound molecules in the gas phase according to their mobilities.
  • IMS Ion Mobility Spectrometer
  • DMS Differential Mobility Spectrometer
  • the IMS method is based on the measurements of the time of flight of ions subjected to a constant electric field moving in a tube through the air at room conditions.
  • the mobility of the ion in air is considered as its finger print, and is directly related to the time of flight.
  • the IMS devices are large, since the longer is the time of flight, the more precisely the mobility may be determined.
  • handheld devices are at present on the market, with the tube as long as several centimetres [1 ].
  • the second device is the DMS (sometimes called FAIMS).
  • DMS (sometimes called FAIMS).
  • FAIMS so-called, ion mobility increment.
  • This method is based on the following idea: the ion passes between two electrodes to which a periodic voltage is applied at high frequency. This signal is in addition asymmetric. Due to a non-linear dependence of the mobility upon electric field the ions drift to one of the electrodes. Application of an additional slowly varying electric field enables one to separate one ion species from all the others [2]. The non-linear dependence of the ion mobility upon the field is quite different from the ion mobility itself and therefore, DMS is complementary to the IMS: they measure different properties and one of them can resolve molecules that the other fails to separate.
  • a dynamic ion trap device comprises a filtering chamber that includes a series of electrode structures partitioning the filtering chamber into a succession of sections, each section being fluidly connected to its nearest neighbour sections, and a control unit operatively connected to the electrode structures and configured to perform a filtering cycle by which an electric field is locally created across at least two neighbouring sections and the electric filed is displaced in a stepped manner along the succession of sections.
  • the present invention exploits the mobility of a given ionized molecule or analyte in a carrier gas such as (but not limited to) air, and under an external electrical field.
  • This mobility serves as a "fingerprint" of the molecule to be filtered/detected and is based on the relationship:
  • v is the ion velocity
  • E the electric field intensity
  • K is the ion mobility in the carrier gas
  • a merit of the present invention is the implementation of a moving trap for filtering of ions, e.g. of organic volatile compounds, moving through air, wherein a static electric field is applied for a certain time (hereinafter referred to as duty time), on two electrode structures constituting a fraction of the filter, followed by its stepwise propagation to the neighboring electrodes structures thus, moving along the filter.
  • electric field parameters e.g. the voltage and the duty time, are configured to enable only a single sort of ions to move together with the trap, while filtering out the other ion sorts by their segregation outside of the moving trap followed by neutralization of the segregated ions on electrodes and evacuation of the corresponding molecules.
  • control unit is advantageously configured to displace the local electric field along a filtering path at a pre-defined pace in accordance with the ion analyte to be detected/filtered (respectively in accordance with its mobility).
  • the voltage is applied between a couple of electrode structures in the chainso as to create an electric field across two neighbouring sections (or possibly more neighbouring sections).
  • the voltage is applied for a given duration the "duty time".
  • the local field is created at the beginning of the filtering chamber by applying a voltage during a duty time on a pair of electrode structures covering at least the first two sections of the filtering path.
  • the electrical field is moved forward in the propagation direction along the filtering path, by applying the voltage on the next, nearest electrode structure in the chain, following each of the previously active electrode structures.
  • the voltage is thus switched to a next electrode structure pair, and applied during a duty time, preferably substantially identical. And this respective energizing of electrode structure pairs is repeated along the chain of electrodes until the electrical field arrives at the end of the filtering path.
  • the duty time and the voltage across the electrode structures are two electric field parameters that can be readily controlled in the present device in such a way that the ion analytes of interest be able to follow the propagation of the trap along the filtering chamber, and so that the ions of interest remain within the trap at the end of the filtering cycle and can be delivered to a detector chamber.
  • the control unit is advantageously configured to operate with a duty time ⁇ and voltage U that are appropriate for filtering ions having the desired mobility, K.
  • K the relationship between the duty time, ⁇ , voltage, U, and the mobility K can be approximated as follows: K D 2 /xU where D is the inter-electrode distance.
  • the chamber contains N electrode structures arranged in series along the filtering path, the electric field is typically applied to extend across two neighboring sections, which means that the voltage is applied between electrode structure i and the next nearest electrode structure i+2 (since one electrode structure is present between two sections).
  • the electrical field is moved forward in the desired propagation direction of the ion cloud by applying the voltage between electrodes directly following the previously active electrodes, i.e. i+1 and i+3.
  • a similar electrical field (same length and strength) is created every time between the respective pair of electrode structures during a measurement cycle.
  • the duty time ( ⁇ ) during which the electric field is applied between a pair of electrode structures may be calculated as follows:
  • K e is the mobility of the ions that are able to pass the filter exhibiting given parameters, U, L and ⁇ .
  • U is the voltage across the two active electrode structures
  • L is the distance between two nearest neighbour electrode structures
  • n the number of sections over which the electric field extends.
  • n 2.
  • Fixing U, L and ⁇ determines the value of mobility of molecules able to pass through the filter.
  • the corresponding mobility is, therefore, referred to as "targeted mobility” (i.e. the mobility that it is intended to measure).
  • ions having the targeted mobility K e will follow the electric field.
  • ions having a higher mobility outpace and collide with the electrode structures They are neutralized and fall out of from consideration. They are further carried away by the air flow.
  • the ions with mobility smaller than K e file over and finally find themselves behind the repruslive electrodes. They are then separated and later collide with a trailing, active electrode structure.
  • the control unit is configured is to repeat the filtering cycle with different electric field parameters to detect ions with different mobilities.
  • voltage and/or duty time can be readily varied to adapt to be able to filter a variety of ions with different mobilites.
  • the filtering cycle may be repeated by scanning voltages over a pre-defined range corresponding to a range of mobilities.
  • each electrode structure comprises at least two elongate electrode members, parallel to one another.
  • the electrode members may have variety of shapes, in particular the electrode may be shaped as rods of circular of quadrilateral cross-section. Alternatively, the electrode members may take the form of conductive pads or strips.
  • the various electrode members may be electrically independent and hence individually connected to the control unit.
  • a bridging element may electrically connect together the electrode members of a same electrode structure, so that a single connection from the electrode structure to the control unit is sufficient.
  • they are preferably located outside the chamber so as to prevent direct collision with ions. This being said, even when the electrode structures comprise electrode members that are independently connected the control unit, the latter is preferably configured so that all electrode members belonging to a given electrode structure are operated jointly, i.e. they are switched on or off simultaneously and a same voltage is applied.
  • each electrode structure comprises a ring- shaped electrode member.
  • Such electrodes although more expensive, permit reducing fringe field issues.
  • the electrode members are preferably made from a metal such as copper, copper alloy or more noble conductive metals.
  • Electrode structures preferably extend transversally to the progression direction (filtering path) of the ion cloud in the filtering chamber, so as to normally correspond to a given position along the filtering path.
  • fringe fields due to the truncation of this electrode members may be reduced by applying low conductive layers on the chamber walls at the longitudinal extremities of the electrode members.
  • the dynamic ion trap device hence comprises a series of electrode structures distributed along a filtering path for the ions to be detected, and where two consecutive electrode structures (nearest neighbourgs) are separated by a section of filtering path.
  • the voltage to create the electrical field is preferably applied between a given electrode structure and a next nearest neighbour electrode structure, so that the electric field spans over two neighboring sections and there is one electrode structure in between the "active" electrodes (the electrodes structures to which the voltage is applied).
  • the control unit so that more than one electrode structure is located in- between the pair of active electrode structures, whereby the electrical field will extend over more than two sections.
  • the duty time is preferably kept constant, to keep a constant field distribution.
  • the duty time may be variable during a measurement cycle, in particular at the beginning of the measurement cycle to initially carry a greater number of ions that may have unlucky initial conditions.
  • Auxiliary electrodes may be used in order to help keeping the ion cloud more compressed towards the filtering chamber centreline, and hence prevent the ion cloud from colliding too fast with attractive electrodes. These electrodes produce a repulsive electric field that tends to compress the ion cloud.
  • ion clouds may be confined in the filtering chamber by magnetic fields created along electrode pathways by either permanent or electro-magnets.
  • ion clouds may be confined in the filtering chamber by magnetic fields created along electrode pathways by either permanent or electro-magnets.
  • the dynamic ion trap device comprises an enrichment chamber upstream of the filtering chamber.
  • the dynamic ion trap device may comprise a plurality of filtering chambers arranged in parallel for independent processing, whereby each channel is configured for detection of a distinct single analyte.
  • the invention may be used in an ion mobility spectrometer comprising a dynamic ion trap, an inlet gate for introducing ions into the dynamic ion trap, an outlet gate for evacuating ions from the dynamic ion trap and a detection chamber for detecting ions evacuated from the ion trap.
  • the ion mobility spectrometer comprises a plurality of dynamic ion traps arranged in parallel.
  • the dynamic ion trap may also be used as (or as part of) a micropump.
  • a spectrometer comprising a dynamic ion trap in series with a differential mobility spectrometer.
  • a micropump comprising a dynamic ion trap device as described above.
  • a carrier gas e.g air
  • Fig. 1 is a block-scheme of one embodiment the ion-trap filter system, which comprises a first gate (A), a first filter (B), a second gate (C), and a detector (D).
  • a more advanced version of the device may include a second filter (E).
  • Fig. 2 are schematic diagrams showing the principle of functioning of the present dynamic ion trap.
  • the electrodes suck the cloud of ions in (image 1 ).
  • the activated attractive electrode pair (shown in black) and repulsive pair (shown in gray) successively switch (images B-F) pulling the ionic cloud.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the dependence of the resolution upon the number of the electrode pairs.
  • Fig. 5 are schematic diagrams illustrating the reciprocating motion driving by switching of electrodes voltage.
  • the ions move towards the right end of the trap filter (A and B).
  • the electrodes are switched such that the one that has been attractive (black) during the previous step (shown in image B) becomes repulsive (gray) during the next step (image C), while the one that has been repulsive during the previous step becomes attractive.
  • the electrodes switch further driving the ions backwards.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the enrichment chamber.
  • the inlet (A) allows the air with ions of both signs (schematically shown by the circles) to enter the chamber.
  • the outlet (B) with the gate (C) representing a pair of electrodes kept at some potential allow the air to leave the chamber, neutralize the ions of one sign and arrest those of the other sign.
  • the gate electrodes are set to zero when the concentrated ions are allowed to leave the chamber. Description of Preferred Embodiments
  • Dynamic trap IMS [0047] Dynamic trap IMS [0048]
  • the present example concerns an ion filter of a new type.
  • the filter is designed to work in normal air at atmospheric pressure like conventional IMS or DMS devices. Its operation principle is based on the separation of ions on the basis of their mobilities in an external electric field, this feature is in common between this filter and IMS devices.
  • Electrode pair The operation of the present dynamic ion trap will be first described hereinbelow with respect to the embodiment of Figs. 1 -6 that employ electrode structures featuring a pair of rod-shaped electrode members. In the following an electrode structure is thus often simply referred to as "electrode pair”.
  • the filter is based on the fractionated electrode pairs forming a chain.
  • the voltage is applied across one pair of electrodes and its next nearest neighbour pair forming a local electric field.
  • the term "next nearest" is used to designate the second neighbour electrode pair, not the one directly after.
  • the ions subjected to this field are forced to move towards one of the two mentioned electrode pairs.
  • the voltage drop stays on the mentioned electrodes during a certain time, ⁇ , which is followed by the jumpwise switching of the voltage to its nearest neighbour (rather than next nearest neighbour) pair, for both electrode pairs to which the previous voltage was applied, along the chain.
  • ⁇ a moving electric trap is realized. Its motion separates out the ions with certain mobility that are able to move "in phase" with the trap motion.
  • the ions that have either a too small or a too high mobility are filtered out by the trap and are then neutralized during their collision with the electrodes.
  • the filter may have microscopic geometrical parameters.
  • the resolution of the filter can be increased by (i) increasing of the number of electrode structures in the chain/filtering chamber, and (ii) by a special choice of the signal providing a multiple runs of the ion cloud along the filter back-and-forth.
  • the resolution can be further increased by placing the dynamic trap sensor in series with another sensor type, such as for example, the DMS.
  • the filtering chamber is normally combined with a detection chamber and gates. The latter should control the delivery of the ions into the filter and prevent the ions from moving from the detection chamber back to the filtering chamber.
  • the sensitivity of the device may be increased (i) by enrichment of the air by analyte ions achieved in the enrichment chamber and (ii) by a parallel scheme of the filter geometry, in which several equal filters contribute to the same detection chamber.
  • the sensor can have an overall size ranging from few hundreds micrometers to few millimeters and may be operated with voltages in the range from 0.1 to 10 Volts.
  • the sensor device may comprise a first gate (A), a first filter (B), a second gate (C), and a detector (D).
  • the more advanced version of the device may include the second filter (E).
  • the block-schemes of the simple and advanced devices are shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the main part of the filter consists of a chain of pair electrodes as it is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the cloud of ions is sucked into the filter with the velocity v d by air flow (Fig. 2).
  • the potential (attractive with respect to the analyte) is applied to one pair of the electrodes (indicated by black in Fig. 2) that suck the part of the cloud with the corresponding sign into the filter.
  • the ions of the opposite sign are kept outside the filter volume by the same potential.
  • the electrode pair behind the cloud gets a repulsive potential during the next step (it is indicated by gray).
  • the electric trap is formed that stays on the electrodes during some time, ⁇ . It is then switched down, while the two pairs ahead of are switched on.
  • the ions Under the action of the electric field between the activated electrodes the ion cloud starts to move towards the attractive electrodes. After the stepwise propagation of the activated electrodes the ions that are fast enough to travel over the inter-electrode distance during the time ⁇ again find themselves between the two activated electrode pairs. In contrast slow ions that cannot travel over the inter- electrode distance during the time ⁇ appear outside backwards of the trap and neutralize. Too fast ions that pass considerably more than the inter electrode distance during this time reach the attractive electrodes and neutralize. Thus, the ions are selected with their mobilities in a certain interval.
  • This procedure lasts until the trap achieves the position with the attractive electrodes at the extreme of the filter.
  • the procedure is terminated by switching the voltage off.
  • the survived ions are carried then out of the filter into the detection chamber by the air flow.
  • one may accelerate the cloud injection into the detection chamber by switching the attractive potential (black) of the last electrode pair off while the electrode pair preceding the last one becomes repulsive (as it is shown in Fig. 2F).
  • the ions have different mobilities, K 0 .
  • mobilities of most important organic volatile compounds at normal conditions are within the interval 0.5 to 2.5 cm 2 /V s, most often the mobilities being in the range of K 0 ⁇ 1 cm 2 /V s.
  • K 0min ⁇ 0.5 cm 2 / V s to K 0ma x ⁇ 2.5 cm 2 / V s will be chosen.
  • the subscribt "e" at the mobility, K e stands for eigenmobility and indicates that this value corresponds to the mobility that is characteristic to the filter with fixed inter-electrode distance and switching time, determined by a certain voltage value.
  • the ion mobility is a bit smaller than K e , it will gradually fall behind the moving trap. If in some moment of time the distance the ion passes appears to be smaller than L at the end of the duty time, the repulsive barrier jumps ahead of the ion. As the result the ion is forced to move in the direction opposite to that of the dynamic trap.
  • the resolution r ⁇ 0.1 can be achieved at «>20.
  • the difference between the mobilities of the organic volatile compounds manifests itself in the first figure after the decimal comma.
  • some molecules have the mobilities the difference between which only manifest itself in the second figure after the decimal comma.
  • mobility of TNT is 1 .59 cm 2 /V/s, while that of diphenylamine is equal to 1.54 cm 2 /V/s; the mobility of dimethylmethylphosphate is 1 .95 while that of benzene is 1 .94 cm 2 /V/s.
  • the dynamic trap moves back and forth.
  • the switching of the direction of the trap motion takes place after the termination of the last phase of its motion in a certain direction, the one during which the attractive electrode pair occupies the extreme position.
  • Fig. 5 in which the image (B) shows the last phase of the motion of ions to the right.
  • the polarity of the electrodes of the last step of the first run is inverted (compare the Fig. 5 (B) and (C)).
  • each channel may be configured so as to be responsible of its own interval of mobility, and the whole interval scanned by each channel is therefore k times smaller.
  • the ions Upon leaving the filter and the second gates the ions enter the detection chamber, where two electrodes are situated with a voltage applied across them. The ions are neutralized on these electrodes, giving rise to the electric current in the detector chain. The latter signal can be amplified and registered. Here we estimate its value.
  • the typical concentration of the analyte is 1 ppm. However, one should take into account that only a small fraction of molecules of interest can be polarized in the polarization chamber. The realistic concentration of the ions passing the filter is therefore, c ⁇ 10 "10 . This yields J ⁇ l to 10 pA. [00981 Parallel scheme to increase sensitivity
  • the sensitivity may be still increased several fold by using the parallel scheme. It is analogous, though not identical to the scheme that has already been discussed above for the purposes of reducing the measurement time. If the relatively long time of the device operation may be tolerated, the parallel scheme may be applied differently. In this case all the channels are scanning the same mobility interval and inject their ions into the same detection chamber. The current of the channels is therefore, summed up, and the current Eq. (14) should be multiplied by the number of channels, k.
  • the analyte may be enriched in the enrichment chamber.
  • the enrichment chamber may be designed as follows.
  • the chamber has at least one in- and one outlet, the latter being controlled by gate.
  • Figure 6 displays the schematic view of the enrichment chamber.
  • the inlet of the chamber allows the ions of the both signs to enter the enrichment chamber carried by the air flow.
  • the outlet is equipped by the gate represented by a pair of electrodes kept at a certain potential. These electrodes will attract ions of one sign (negatively charged, if the potential is positive, and vice versa), but will prevent the ions of the opposite charge to leave the enrichment chamber and to enter the filter. Thus, the ions of a certain charge will be concentrated in the enrichment chamber.
  • Enrichment of the analyte has a direct effect on the device sensitivity.
  • the electric current, J, of the device with the enrichment chamber is related to that, J 0 , without such a chamber as follows:
  • the device may be designed either smaller, or faster still keeping a high resolution by applying a second filter based on the DMS principle.
  • the main idea in such unification is that on one hand the both devices work at atmospheric pressure and therefore, they can be conjugated directly. That is, the ions leaving the first filter described above directly enter the second filter without any precautions, rather than the detection chamber. They enter the detection chamber only after passing the second filter.
  • the principle of operation of the dynamic trap filter is based on the measurement of the mobility, while that of the DMS is based on the measurement of the mobility increment. Since these two parameters are independent of one another, two substances that could not be separated by one filter will be separated by another with a very high probability and vice versa.
  • FIG.7 illustrates an embodiment of the present device 100 where the filtering chamber 102 is of simple parallelepiped shape, although other shapes may be considered.
  • the chamber 100 defines a filtering path along which six electrode structures 104-
  • Each electrode structure 104 comprises a pair of parallel rod-shaped electrodes members 106.
  • Reference signs S1. . . S5 indicate 5 chamber sections defined between the respective nearest neighbor electrode structures 104,, 104 i+ i .
  • a control unit 108 is operatively connected to the electrode structures 104, so as to control the electric field in the chamber 102.
  • the electrode members of a given electrode structure may be connected to the control unit by an individual, distinct circuit or wire.
  • electrode members of a given electrode structure may be interconnected by a bridging member 1 10 as illustrated for electrode structure 104 5 .
  • Such bridging members 1 10 may be arranged inside or outside the chamber 102, in which latter case direct collision with ions is prevented. Even if the electrode members 106 are individually connected to the control unit 108, all electrode members belonging to a given electrode structure 104, are operated jointly, i.e. they are switched on or off simultaneously and a same voltage is applied.
  • the control unit is operated to create a local electric field and displace the local electric field along the filtering path at a pre-defined pace in accordance with the ion type to be detected. Supposing that an ion cloud enters from the left side 1 12 of the chamber 102, the control unit controls the application of an appropriate voltage on a pair of electrode structures that are next nearest neighbours, and moves this field progressively. Accordingly, except for the inlet and outlet control steps already explained above, the control unit will apply, in sequence, a voltage between the following electrode structures (104-1 , 104 3 ); 104 2 , 104 4 ); (104 3 , 140 5 ); (104 4 , 104 6 ). For every pair of electrode structures, the voltage is applied for during the length referred to as duty time.
  • conductive patches may be applied on the internal wall surfaces of the chamber 102.
  • low conductive layers may be applied on the chamber walls at both ends of the electrode members.
  • each electrode structure comprises 5 parallel electrode members 206.
  • the electrodes members 206 of each electrode structure substantially coincide in position along the filtering path. Such configuration permits increasing the current in the filtering chamber by a parallelisation of similar pathways with same timing, and results in a more homogeneous field towards the internal region.
  • Fig.9 shows a further embodiment of the present device 300, where same or similar elements are indicated by same reference signs as in Fig.7, increased by 200.
  • This embodiment employs a greater number of electrode structures, which are spaced by respective sections of reduced length.
  • the control unit may apply the voltage to create an electric field over more than two sections, say e.g. 4. Starting from the situation where the voltage is applied between electrode structures 304i and 304 5 (grey electrodes in Fig.9), during the next duty time the voltage will then be applied between electrode structures 304 2 and 304 6 , then electrode structures 304 3 and 304 7 , and so on keeping the same spacing to have the same field distribution.
  • the idea here is that by having more and narrowly spaced electrode structures, the applied voltage jumps more often, but the local electric field moves more smoothly.
  • the intermediate electrodes (those in-between the electrode structures to which the voltage is applied to create the local electric field) may be left floating or set to a predetermined potential.
  • control unit may apply to the intermediate electrodes a voltage gradient depending on the position along the filtering path. This can result in an overall linearly changing potential, which results in a homogeneous electric field.
  • the use of a greater number of electrode structures should however be balanced with the fact that it can decrease transmission.
  • compressing electrodes may be used in order to help to keep the ion cloud more compressed towards the box centreline, and hence prevent the ion cloud from colliding too fast with attractive electrodes. These compressing electrodes produce a repulsive electric field that tends to compress the ion cloud.
  • Such compressing electrodes are disposed preferentially outside of the chamber 102.
  • the compressing electrodes are preferably operated by the control unit in correlation with the operation of electrode structures in the filtering chamber, such that these compressing electrodes are only energized when the ion cloud achieves the position against the corresponding electrodes along the filtering path, and switched off again after this cloud passes them.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un piège à ions dynamique comprenant une chambre qui contient une série d'électrodes divisant la chambre en une succession de sections, chaque section étant reliée de manière fluidique avec ses sections voisines les plus proches, et une unité de commande reliée de manière opérationnelle aux électrodes pour créer localement un champ électrique entre au moins deux sections voisines et pour déplacer le champ électrique d'une manière étagée le long de la succession de sections.
EP11763624.1A 2010-09-17 2011-09-19 Spectromètre à mobilité d'ions à piège dynamique Withdrawn EP2616804A1 (fr)

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LU91736 2010-09-17
PCT/EP2011/066229 WO2012035165A1 (fr) 2010-09-17 2011-09-19 Spectromètre à mobilité d'ions à piège dynamique

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CN103438885A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-12-11 西北工业大学 三通道偏振导航敏感器

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CN110412357B (zh) * 2019-07-22 2022-05-17 重庆大学 一种液体电介质载流子迁移率的测试装置及方法

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US7095013B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2006-08-22 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
GB2392304B (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-12-15 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
US7071467B2 (en) * 2002-08-05 2006-07-04 Micromass Uk Limited Mass spectrometer
GB0608470D0 (en) * 2006-04-28 2006-06-07 Micromass Ltd Mass spectrometer
JP5341753B2 (ja) * 2006-07-10 2013-11-13 マイクロマス ユーケー リミテッド 質量分析計
WO2009091985A1 (fr) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Indiana University Research And Technology Corporation Spectromètre à mobilité ionique et son procédé d'utilisation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103438885A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-12-11 西北工业大学 三通道偏振导航敏感器
CN103438885B (zh) * 2013-08-27 2015-11-18 西北工业大学 三通道偏振导航敏感器

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