EP2616409A1

EP2616409A1 - Building material and building system element and also processes for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP2616409A1
Application number: EP11725766.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Beat Stähli; Gerhard Rytz; Beat Ruchti
Original assignee: Vicat SA
Current assignee: Vicat SA
Priority date: 2010-09-16
Filing date: 2011-06-17
Publication date: 2013-07-24
Also published as: US20130280518A1; WO2012034724A1; CH703868B1; CH703868A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a building material (M2) which can be produced by combining from 30 to 70% by weight of a cement or hydraulic binder, from 20 to 80% by weight of water and from 0.05 to 15% by weight of porous and/or pore-forming material, or by combining from 10 to 80% by weight of a cement or hydraulic binder, from 10 to 80% by weight of pulverulent and/or particulate mineral filler, from 20 to 80% by weight of water and from 0.05 to 15% by weight of porous and/or pore-forming material; and in each case by subsequent mixing of the combined constituents for from 1 to 15 minutes. The invention further relates to a building system element (1; 2) having a first section (11; 21) which contains in particular compact solid particles distributed in a cured cement matrix (M1) and fixed thereby and having a second section (12; 22) which contains pores distributed in a cured cement matrix (M2). This second section (12; 22) can be formed by the building material (M2) of the invention.

Description

Building material and building system element as well

Process for producing the same

The invention relates to a building material and this

Building material-containing building system element and on methods for producing this building material or building system element. Building materials and building system elements containing them are used in the construction of structures or structural parts, in particular of buildings, walls, facades, ceilings, floors, etc.

Numerous building materials are known, the basic material of which is an inorganic or cementitious binder into which air bubbles are incorporated during production prior to solidification of the still-soft cement compound in order to reduce the density of the building material thus produced and its heat, moisture and sound insulation to increase.

EP 0 647 603 describes a fine-pore building material whose pores have a diameter of less than 5 μm. The preparation is based on a cement / water mixture with a water / cement ratio of about 0.24 to 0.40 and with the addition of a surfactant. This mixture is mixed or "beaten" by means of a high turbulence mixer (wing mixer) at 1500 rpm, whereby air bubbles are introduced and smaller

Air bubbles are smashed. The resulting fine-pored cement paste is poured into molds where it cures at ambient temperature.

US Pat. No. 5,110,084 describes a process for producing a fine-pored construction material based on a cement / water mixture having a water / cement ratio of about 0.5 at a temperature of about 60 ° C. into which a foam solution (stabilized foam ) is mixed in about the same temperature to produce the air bubbles in the cement paste. The thus obtained porous cement paste is poured into thermally insulated molds in which the curing takes place at a slowly decreasing temperature. The known methods are complex or energy-intensive and often do not achieve satisfactory insulation properties for heat, moisture and sound.

The invention has for its object to provide a cost-effective and energy-efficient method for producing a building material, which combines good insulation properties for heat, moisture and sound in itself.

The invention provides a method for producing a building material, which according to a first variant has the following steps:

Combining from 30 to 70% by weight of a cement or hydraulic binder, from 20 to 80% by weight of water and from 0.05 to 15% by weight of porous and / or pore-forming material; and

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

The mixing can be done in a mixer, wherein the order of dosing of the components is arbitrary. In particular, the components can also be metered in at the same time.

Preferably, the method is as follows:

Mixture of from 51 to 71% by weight of a cement of class CEM I or class CEM II, from 28 to 48% by weight of water and from 0.05 to 5% by weight

Aluminum paste and / or aluminum powder; and

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

The invention provides a method for producing a building material, which according to a second variant comprises the following steps: combining from 10 to 80% by weight of a cement or hydraulic binder, from 10 to 80% by weight of pulverulent and / or granular

mineral filler, 20 to 80% by weight of water and 0.05 to 15% by weight of porous and / or pore-forming material; and

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes. Preferably, the method is as follows:

Combining from 15 to 35% by weight of a cement of class CEM I or class CEM II, 10 to 40% by weight of powdered mineral filler, 38 to 48% by weight of water and 0.05 to 5% by weight of aluminum paste and / or aluminum powder; and

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

The inventive building material produced according to this method preferably has a pore volume fraction of from 20 to 70%, with more preferably a majority of from 70 to 95%, in particular more than 80%, of the total pore volume in the form of pores being present

Diameter ("size") is in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm and in particular in the range of 0.2 to 2 mm In these pore sizes, it is particularly advantageous if the grain size distribution of the mineral filler in the range of 0 to 200 μιτι and preferably in Range from 0 to 100 μιτι lies.

Preferably, the building material so produced has a density which is in the range of 400 to 800 kg / m3 and preferably in the range of 500 to 600 kg / m3.

The building material produced according to the invention with these properties has a thermal conductivity which is in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 W / (mK) and in particular in the range of 0.12 to 0.16 W / (mK), while at the same time allowing excellent moisture and sound insulation easy to process (sawing, drilling) and is mechanically and chemically resistant.

There are known building system elements having a first section containing particles dispersed in a cured cement matrix and fixed by them, in particular solid particles, and a second section containing pores distributed in a hardened cement matrix, the first section having the second section connected is.

Such a building system element is known, for example, from EP 1 988 228 or from EP 0 049 348. The present invention also provides a building system element of the type described in which the second section is formed as a porous cement matrix by frothed and / or hollow solid particles mixed and subsequently solidified cement paste.

The invention, on the other hand, provides a method of making such a building system element.

In a preferred embodiment, in the construction system element according to the invention, the first section is a composite of rock particles or aggregates and cement, in particular with gravel, gravel, sand or crushed sand (crushed sand) or mixtures thereof in a cement matrix. This concrete-like first section preferably contains rock particles of different sizes, so that in the

Material of the first section the volume fraction of the rock particles relative to the total volume, i. the volume of the rock particles plus the volume of the cement matrix is between 70% and 99%, preferably between 80% and 95%. This first section or "concrete section" is

particularly pressure-resistant and hard. It thus ensures the stability of the Bausystem- element and thus built of such elements structure or building part. Part or all of these rock particles may also be affected by fired clay particles, i. Brick particles, of steam-cured particles, such as e.g. Lime sandstone particles, or particles obtained by melting and solidifying rock material, e.g. Glass particles, to be replaced. Alternatively or additionally, the first material of the first section in addition to the rock particles and metal particles or

Be mixed polymer particles. The mentioned inorganic

Solid particles and the cement matrix are mainly connected to one another by means of material (crystallization bridges). Depending on the nature of the surface of these particles, for example, depending on the nature of their surface roughness, there are also form-fitting connections between the solid particles and the cement matrix. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the glass components and / or polymer components and / or metal components admixed in addition to the rock particles have the form of fibers, which are preferably roughened and thus form-fitting in addition to the rock particles in the Cement matrix are embedded. These additional shares increase the strength of the material of the first section.

Stone dust may be added to the material of the second section formed by the porous cement matrix. In this context, rock powder is to be understood as meaning a rock powder having a particle size distribution of 0 to 500 μm, preferably having a particle size distribution of 0 to 300 μm. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a mass of cement and water which can be conveyed and shaped in particular by pressing, glazing or pumping and, if necessary, with said stone powder is produced for the production of the porous cement matrix. This mass is preferably chemically (by reaction of mixed components resulting gas) and / or physically (by admixed gas and its heating and / or lowering the ambient pressure) acting blowing agent buried. To increase the viscosity of the cement paste, water-soluble or water-swelling polymers such as e.g. Starch to be mixed. It is particularly advantageous if the cement paste or the cement paste is additionally admixed with aluminum powder or an aluminum paste, the aluminum contained therein reacting with the water to form aluminum oxide and hydrogen. The aluminum oxide formed acts as an additional binder, and the hydrogen formed acts as a gaseous blowing agent for pore formation in the

Cement matrix. One then obtains a foamed by physical and / or chemical blowing agent porous cement paste as a material of the second section. Preferably, the addition of the aluminum powder or the aluminum paste takes place before the addition of the water. The aluminum powder or paste is then mixed together with the other components in a dry mix.

In a first variant of the construction system element according to the invention, the first section is in the form of a hollow block structure with one or more cavities, and the second section is formed by the one or more cavities, the one with the foamed and / or with hollow Solid particles mixed and solidified Cement glue is filled or are. This first variant is thus a concrete hollow block with cement paste foaming.

In a second variant of the building system element according to the invention, the first section is in the form of a first plate structure, and the second section is in the form of a second plate structure, these two plate structures each being fastened together with one of their large surfaces. This second variant is thus a concrete slab with

Cement-foam cladding. This second variant is particularly preferably in the form of a multilayer structure (sandwich) with at least two layers of the first plate type (high compressive strength, concrete-like) with an intermediate layer of the second plate-type layer (cement paste-like) or vice versa with at least two layers

Layers of the type of the second plate structure (cement paste) with an interposed layer of the type of the first plate structure (high compressive strength, concrete-like). Also, a plurality of such first type and second type plate formations may alternately be sequentially arranged, that is, alternately at least two of the first type and at least two of the second type, e.g. according to the scheme Type1-Type2-Type1-Type2-Type1. This multi-layered construction or sandwich construction allows new degrees of freedom or design possibilities by the number of layers of the first type and second type and their respective thickness can be adapted to the respective requirements. Especially with regard to the optimization of the barrier properties for heat, sound and moisture while optimizing its mass, this special embodiment of the inventive building system element opens up new possibilities.

The cement paste foaming and the cement paste foaming in the first variant or in the second variant form a very effective barrier against heat conduction, against sound propagation and against moisture propagation in the construction system element according to the invention.

To achieve a good mechanical connection between the first section (concrete-like) and the second section (cement-foam-like) It is advantageous if the material of the first portion and the material of the second portion abut each other flat. Preferably, the material of the first portion with the material of the second portion are positively connected and / or materially connected to each other.

The positive connection is formed by mutually complementary formations on the mutually facing and contacting surfaces of the first and the second portion. Conveniently, the second portion facing surface of the first section

Ridges which project into and are surrounded by the material of the second section and / or recesses into which the material of the second section protrudes and fills.

The material closure is mainly due to the formation of crystallization bridges between the cement matrix of the first section and the cement foam of the second section. A particularly stable

Matarialschluss and thus a total high strength of

inventive building system element is achieved when the

Foaming (first variant) or the foaming (second variant) of the second section takes place as long as the concrete-like material of the first

Section is not yet fully crystallized or cured.

The process according to the invention for the production of the building-system element described above contains the following process sections: a) distributing solid particles, in particular solid solid particles, in a first cement paste;

b) forming the solid cement containing first cement paste into a first section;

c) at least partially allowing the shaped first cement paste to harden to a cured first cementitious matrix having the solid particles dispersed therein and thereby fixed;

d) foaming a second cement paste and / or mixing a second cement paste with hollow solid particles;

e) contacting the first section with the second cement paste; and f) allowing the second cement paste to cure to a frothed one and / or porous second cement matrix mixed with the hollow solid particles.

Preferably used as solid solid particles in the first cement paste sand and / or gravel, the sand preferably

Grain sizes in the range of 0 to 4 mm has (fine aggregate) and the gravel preferably has grain sizes in the range of 4 to 32 mm (coarse aggregate).

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the method section d) is carried out using the method described above for producing the inventive building material according to the first or the second variant.

Preferably, in step c), the surface facing the second section is only partially hardened, before this surface is contacted with the cement paste foam in step e) by foaming (first variant) or foaming (second variant).

An essential advantage of the method according to the invention is its low energy consumption, since e.g. neither burning nor steaming needed.

Further advantages, features and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of some preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing, wherein

Fig. 1 shows a section through a building material according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a building system element according to the invention; and

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of a building system element according to the invention. For the production of the above-mentioned foamed second cement paste (cement paste foam), the following non-limiting mixtures and procedures may be used.

Example 1 :

The binder used is 56% by weight of a cement (Portland cement) of class CEM I 42.5 N (according to standard SN EN 197-1: 2000), as propellant 0.12% by weight of aluminum paste and 43% by weight of water.

At time 0 ("second 0") the cement and aluminum paste or powder is dosed and dry blended, the dry blending time is about 120 seconds, then the previously weighed water is added for a further 60 seconds with constant mixing and then further wet mixed. The wet mixing time is about 120 seconds.

The foaming starts noticeably after about 0.5 to 3 hours. After about 4 to 12 hours, the foaming process is complete. The cement paste foam thus produced as building material or the building system element consisting of it or containing it can now be further processed (for example cut into smaller blocks or plates). Although the foaming process can take up to about 12 hours, it is possible and convenient to do this

Further processing after 6 hours to start. Preferably, the further processing takes place during a time window of 6 to 24 hours after the start of foaming. The cured cement paste foam has a pore volume fraction of 20 to 70%, i. 1000 liters cured

Foam material contains 200 to 700 liters of pores, with more than 80% of the total pore volume in the form of pores whose diameter ("size") is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm (see Fig. 1).

Example 2:

The binder used is 25.5% by weight of a cement (Portland cement) of

Class CEM I 42.5 N, 34.4% by weight of Calzit MS 70 F as aggregate (calcite)

Powder with a particle size distribution of 0 to 60 μιη), 40 wt.% Water and as a propellant 0.12 wt.% Aluminum paste used.

At time 0 ("second 0"), the cement, aluminum paste and aggregate are metered into a mixing vessel.

At the time of 120 seconds (dry mixing time) you start the water for 60 seconds with further mixing, followed by wet mixing for a further 120 seconds (wet mixing time).

Foaming starts again after about 0.5 to 3 hours, and after about 4 to 12 hours the foaming process is complete. The cement paste foam thus produced as building material or the building system element consisting of it or containing it can now be further processed (for example cut into smaller blocks or plates). Although the foaming process can take up to about 12 hours, it is possible and convenient to do this

Foam material contains 200 to 700 liters of pores, again having more than 80% of the total pore volume in the form of pores whose diameter ("size") is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm (see FIG. 1).

Example 3:

As Example 2, but instead of Calzit MS 70 F is used as an additive Kalkfüllstoff with a coarser particle size distribution as Calzit MS 70 F, namely calcite powder with a particle size distribution from 0 to 260 μιτι or calcite powder with a particle size distribution from 0 to 150 μιτι. The cured cement paste foam has a pore volume fraction of 20 to 70%, i. 1000 liters of hardened foam material contains 200 to 700 liters of pores, whereby again more than 80% of the pore volume is in the form of pores whose diameter ("size") is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm (see FIG. 1).

To make a building system element, the following non-limiting mixtures and procedures may be used.

Example 4:

The cement paste foam produced according to one of Examples 1, 2 or 3 is shaped, for example, in a mold into a cuboid structure. After a curing time of 6 to 24 hours at room temperature or Ambient temperature (about 10 to 25 ° C), the manufacturing process is complete. The foamed structure can be cut to size and inserted into a cavity of a concrete hollow block or glued (eg by means of cement glue). Alternatively, the foamed structure can be attached to a concrete slab or glued (eg by means of cement glue).

Example 5:

With the Zementleim- foam prepared according to any one of Examples 1, 2 or 3, a previously manufactured concrete hollow block is filled with foam (see Fig. 2). After a curing time of 6 to 24 hours at room temperature or ambient temperature (about 10 to 25 ° C) and any

Post-processing, the manufacturing process is complete.

Example 6:

With the Zementleim- foam prepared according to one of the examples 1, 2 or 3, a prefabricated concrete plate is foamed (see Fig. 3). After a curing time of 6 to 24 hours at room temperature or ambient temperature (about 10 to 25 ° C) and any

Post-processing, the manufacturing process is complete.

Example 7:

As Example 6, but by repeating the procedure of Example 6, a multilayered structure is prepared. A first concrete slab is foamed with the cement paste building material prepared according to Example 1, 2 or 3. A second concrete slab is pressed against this uncured foamed cement paste building material. The applied contact force is chosen such that only a small compression of the layer of cement paste building material between the first and the second concrete slab takes place. This process can be repeated as often as desired until a sandwich panel of alternating successive concrete slabs and cement foam panels is made. After a

Curing time of 6 to 24 hours at room temperature or

Ambient temperature (about 10 to 25 ° C) and any

Post-processing, the manufacturing process is complete. Example 8:

As Example 6, but by repeating the procedure of Example 6, a multilayered structure is prepared. The multiple concrete slabs are vertically fixed with horizontal spacing from each other in a box. Subsequently, the spaces between the concrete slabs are filled with the not yet cured foamed cement paste building material. After a curing time of 6 to 24 hours at room temperature or ambient temperature (about 10 to 25 ° C) and any

Post-processing, the manufacturing process is complete.

In Fig. 1 is a section through an inventive building material (cement paste foam) in addition to a scale with millimeter graduation (ruler) shown enlarged, which according to the invention, for. was prepared according to Example 1, 2 or 3. It can be seen that the building material (cement paste foam) has a pore volume fraction of 20 to 70%, with a majority of more than 80% of the total pore volume in the form of pores whose diameter is in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm ,

A density of 564 kg / m 3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.146 W / (m.K) were determined for the building material thus produced and shown in section in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment (hollow block structure) of a building system element 1 according to the invention in a perspective view. The building system element 1 has a first portion 1 1 in the form of a hollow block structure with a plurality of cavities and a second portion 12 in the region of the plurality of cavities of the first

Section 1 1. These cavities are filled with the foamed and / or mixed with hollow solid particles mixed and solidified cement paste M2. This version is a concrete hollow block with cement paste foaming.

In Fig. 3 is a second embodiment (plate structure) of a construction system element 2 according to the invention in a sectional view

shown schematically. The building system element 2 has a first section 21 in the form of a first plate structure and a second section 22 in the form of a second plate structure. The first portion 21 and the second portion 22 are each secured to each other with a large area thereof. The second portion 22 is formed by foaming to the first portion 21. Formations F are formed on the large surface of the first section 21 to reinforce the connection between the two sections 21, 22. These formations F can be configured as nubs or as ribs. This configuration allows a positive and positive connection between the two sections 21, 22. This design is a concrete slab with cement paste foaming.

The table shows mixture compositions as well as mixing processes for different formulations.

Claims

claims

A method of manufacturing a building material comprising the steps of:

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

2. A method for producing a building material, comprising the following steps:

Merging from 10 to 80 wt.% Of a cement or hydraulic binder, 10 to 80 wt.% Powdery and / or granular

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising the following steps:

Aluminum paste and / or aluminum powder; and

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

4. The method of claim 2, comprising the following steps:

Mix the combined ingredients for 1 to 15 minutes.

5. building material (M2), which was prepared by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. building material (M2) according to claim 5, characterized in that it has a pore volume fraction of 20 to 70%.

7. building material (M2) according to claim 6, characterized in that a majority of 70 to 95%, in particular of more than 80% of the total pore volume in the form of pores, the diameter in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm and preferably in the Range of 0.2 to 2 mm.

8. Building material according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized

characterized in that the building material has a density in the range of 400 to 800 kg / m3 and preferably in the range of 500 to 600 kg / m3.

9. building material according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized

in that the building material has a thermal conductivity which is in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 W / (m.K) and preferably in the range of 0.12 to 0.16

W / (m.K) is located.

10. Building system element (1, 2) with a first section (11, 21), which in a hardened cement matrix (M1) distributed and fixed by this, in particular solid particles containing solid, and with a second

Section (12; 22) containing pores distributed in a cured cement matrix (M2), the first section (11; 21) being connected to the second section (12; 22), characterized in that the second section (12; 22) is formed as a porous cement matrix (M2) by foamed and / or mixed with hollow solid particles and then solidified cement paste.

A building system element (1; 2) according to claim 10, characterized in that the first section (11; 21) is a composite

Rock particles or aggregates and cement, which in particular gravel, gravel, sand or crushed sand or mixtures thereof.

12. Building system element (1; 2) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the solidified cement paste stone powder, in particular calcium carbonate, is added.

13. Building system element (1; 2) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the solidified cement paste is foamed by physical and / or chemical blowing agents.

14. Building system element (1) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the first portion (11) in the form of a

Hollow block structure is present with one or more cavities, and the second portion (12) is formed by the one or more cavities, the one with the foamed and / or with hollow

Solid particles mixed and solidified cement paste (M2) is filled or are.

15. Building system element (2) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the first portion (21) is in the form of a first plate structure and the second portion (22) is in the form of a second plate structure, each with a their large areas are attached to each other.

16. A method of manufacturing a building system element according to any one of claims 10 to 15, comprising the following method sections:

a) distributing solid particles, in particular solid solid particles, in a first cement paste;

b) forming the solid cement containing first cement paste into a first section;

d) foaming a second cement paste and / or mixing a second cement paste with hollow or porous solid particles;

e) contacting the first section with the second cement paste; and allowing the second cement paste to harden to a foamed porous second and / or intermixed with the hollow solid particles

Cement matrix.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the method section d) is carried out using a method according to one of claims 1 to 4.