EP2616267A1 - Battery having cell voltage and battery current detection and comprising only one electrical isolation device - Google Patents

Battery having cell voltage and battery current detection and comprising only one electrical isolation device

Info

Publication number
EP2616267A1
EP2616267A1 EP11754846.1A EP11754846A EP2616267A1 EP 2616267 A1 EP2616267 A1 EP 2616267A1 EP 11754846 A EP11754846 A EP 11754846A EP 2616267 A1 EP2616267 A1 EP 2616267A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
cell
voltage detection
cell voltage
battery cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11754846.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2616267B1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Hasenkopf
Stefan Butzmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Samsung SDI Co Ltd filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2616267A1 publication Critical patent/EP2616267A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2616267B1 publication Critical patent/EP2616267B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery with only one
  • Battery systems will be used. In order to meet the voltage and available power requirements of a particular application, a large number of battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such a battery must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current. This can be done either by providing multiple cell wraps within a battery cell housing or by externally interconnecting battery cells.
  • BCU Battery Control Unit
  • BCU Battery Control Unit Since the battery voltage of such a battery system can reach high levels, it must be constructed for safety reasons isolated from touchable parts of the surrounding device. In particular, in battery systems that are used in motor vehicles as a traction battery, this means that the battery system must be performed in isolation against the control unit, because it is connected to the low-voltage electrical system and communicates with numerous other components.
  • isolation or electrical isolation creates additional technical overhead and increases the overall cost of the device. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the number of isolation or potential separations. According to the prior art depends on a respectively used
  • Cell voltage detection unit used for a number of battery cells, for which the sum of the cell voltages the dielectric strength of the
  • Cell voltage detection units are then interconnected via a communication bus to a chain, which via a single isolator module with the
  • a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a positive pole and a negative pole and a plurality of cell voltage detection units is introduced.
  • Cell voltage detection units each have a plurality of voltage measurement inputs connected to a group of the battery cells, and are configured to have cell voltages corresponding to the respective ones
  • Cell voltage detection unit connected to determine battery cells.
  • the cell voltage detection units are connected to each other by a
  • Communication bus connected and also adapted to the determined cell voltages via the communication bus to one by a
  • the battery has a resistor connected in series with the battery cells. At least one first terminal of the resistor is one of the selected voltage measurement inputs
  • the invention offers the advantage that only one isolator module is required for the measurement of both the cell voltages and the current flowing through the battery, and yet the cost-effective indirect measurement of the current can be used by measuring the voltage across a resistor of known size. The current measurement is for this via one of
  • Realized cell voltage detection units so that without additional effort for the isolation / electrical isolation of a, the current flowing through the battery, representing measured value such as a cell voltage and can be transmitted together with the cell voltages of the battery cells to the microcontroller. It is also advantageous that this current reading is determined synchronously with the cell voltages, because the same module is used for the measurement of the cell voltages and the current reading.
  • the battery has an amplifier, which is connected between the resistor and the selected voltage measuring input of the one of the cell voltage detection units and is adapted to one over reinforce the voltage applied to the resistor.
  • an amplifier which is connected between the resistor and the selected voltage measuring input of the one of the cell voltage detection units and is adapted to one over reinforce the voltage applied to the resistor.
  • Resistance dropping, correspondingly low voltage for detection by the cell voltage detection unit is amplified. This is advantageous because the internal resistance of the battery is only slightly increased by the resistance and by the resistance due to its low
  • Resistance value correspondingly little power loss and heat is generated.
  • An amplification factor of the amplifier may be set such that a maximum allowable current of the battery causes an output voltage of the amplifier which is smaller than a maximum allowable input voltage of the voltage measurement inputs of the one cell voltage detection unit.
  • the amplification factor of the amplifier is preferably predetermined such that a maximum permissible current of the battery is an output voltage of the
  • Amplifier causes, which also smaller than a maximum allowable cell voltage of the battery cells or equal to the maximum allowable
  • Cell voltage of the battery cells is.
  • This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the maximum voltage that has to be processed for the current measurement by the cell voltage detection unit corresponds to a maximum permissible cell voltage so that identical processing paths can be used for both cell voltages and the current measured value.
  • the amplifier preferably has a first supply voltage connection for a lower supply voltage and a second supply voltage connection
  • Battery cell of the one cell voltage detection unit connected to the battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal with a second battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit
  • Battery cells connected. In a first embodiment are the first
  • a DC / DC converter which connects and forms the first supply voltage terminal to the first battery cell of the battery cells connected to the one cell voltage detection unit and the second supply voltage terminal to the second battery cell of the battery cells connected to the one cell voltage detection unit Supply voltage and the lower
  • the DC / DC converter offers the advantage of generating a supply voltage that is independent of, for example, a state of charge of the battery cells.
  • the battery may comprise m cell voltage detection units, each of the cell voltage detection units comprising n voltage measurement inputs and the battery having m * n-1 series-connected battery cells.
  • the battery may include m cell voltage detection units, each of the cell voltage detection units comprising n voltage measurement inputs and the battery having m * nm series connected battery cells.
  • the same number of battery cells are connected to all cell voltage detection units, so that a voltage measurement input remains free for each cell voltage detection unit and result in identical battery modules, each comprising a cell voltage detection unit and n-1 battery cells.
  • This voltage measuring input then used for current measurement.
  • the battery particularly preferably has lithium-ion battery cells, which are particularly suitable because of their high cell voltage and the favorable ratio between volume and maximum stored energy.
  • a second aspect of the invention leads a motor vehicle with an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and one with the
  • FIG. 2 shows another battery system according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery system according to the prior art.
  • a plurality of battery cells is connected in series between a positive pole and a negative pole, resulting in a battery cell strand.
  • the example shown has a battery cell string. But it can also be several, such
  • Battery cell strings are connected in parallel to increase the available power and capacity of the battery system.
  • the battery cells are divided into groups 10-1 to 10-n, which preferably each contain the same number of battery cells. However, the groups of
  • Battery cells also have different numbers of battery cells. Each group of battery cells 10-1 to 10-n is associated with one
  • Cell voltage detection unit 20-1 to 20-n connected, which are adapted to detect the cell voltages of the battery cells.
  • the cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n may be formed, other operating parameters such as the temperature of one or all
  • the cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n are connected to each other by a communication bus, which via an isolator module 30-1 (potential separation device) with a
  • Microcontroller 40 is connected to a Battery Control Unit (BCU).
  • BCU Battery Control Unit
  • Cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n transmit the detected cell voltages of the battery cells via the communication bus and the isolator module 30-1 to the microcontroller 40, which can determine, for example, charge states of the battery cells and other parameters of the battery system on the basis of these data. Due to the interconnection of the
  • Cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n only one Isolatorbaustein 30-1 needed to transmit all cell voltages to the microcontroller 40.
  • a resistor 50 connected in the current path can be provided which has a known and lowest possible resistance value.
  • a voltage measuring unit 60 the voltage across the resistor 50 is then measured, which allows a direct inference to the flowing current.
  • Voltage measuring unit 60 measured value must be transmitted via a further insulator module 30-2 to the microcontroller 40, because the voltage measuring unit 60 is in conductive contact with the battery, so that there would be a security risk in case of failure due to the high battery voltage.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further battery system according to the prior art.
  • a magnetic field sensor 70 for example a Hall probe, is used to measure the current.
  • the magnetic field sensor 70 measures the flowing current indirectly over the magnetic field surrounding the current carrying conductor, it can be easily designed so that it does not touch the high voltage parts of the battery system, thus satisfying the safety requirements. Therefore, the magnetic field sensor 70 can be connected directly to the microcontroller 40, ie without a second isolator module.
  • this embodiment has the disadvantage that a magnetic field sensor can only be realized very expensive compared to the current measurement via a resistor as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention.
  • a resistor 50 for measuring the battery current is switched into the current path.
  • an amplifier 80 may be provided which amplifies the voltage across the resistor 50 to a suitable range of values.
  • the amplifier 80 can be supplied directly from the battery cells of a group of battery cells, that is to say directly to supply lines connected to the battery cells, or via a DC / DC converter 90, which is connected between the amplifier 80 and the battery cells, as shown in FIG is switched. In this case, the amplifier 80 is indirectly connected to the battery cells.
  • the purpose of the DC / DC converter 90 is to be stable and independent of the states of charge and thus the cell voltages of the battery cells
  • the cell voltage detection unit 20-n detects the
  • the cell voltage detection unit 20- n may have an additional voltage measuring input with respect to the other cell voltage detection units. Preferably, however, all cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n are identically constructed. This means that either one voltage measuring input of the other
  • Battery cell which is connected to the cell voltage detection unit 20-n, one battery cell has less than the other groups of battery cells.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery, comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and comprising a plurality of cell voltage detection units (20-1,…, 20-n). Each cell voltage detection unit (20-1,…, 20-n) comprises a plurality of voltage measurement inputs connected to a respective group of the battery cells (10-1,…, 10-n) and is designed to determine cell voltages of the battery cells connected to the respective cell voltage detection unit (20-1,…, 20-n). The cell voltage detection units (20-1,…, 20-n) are connected to each other by a communication bus and furthermore are designed to transmit, via the communication bus, the determined cell voltages to a microcontroller (40), which is galvanically decoupled from the cell voltage detection units (20-1,…, 20-n) by an electrical isolation device (30). According to the invention, the battery comprises a resistor (50), which is connected in series to the battery cells and at least one first connection which is connected to a selected voltage measurement input of one of the cell voltage detection units (20-1,…, 20-n). The invention further relates to a motor vehicle comprising an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle, and to a battery according to the invention which is connected to the drive motor.

Description

Beschreibung  description
Titel title
Batterie mit Erfassung von Zellspannunqen und Batteriestrom und nur einer Potentialtrennunqseinrichtunq  Battery with detection of cell voltages and battery current and only one potential separation device
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie mit nur einer The present invention relates to a battery with only one
Potentialtrennungseinrichtung. Electrical isolation facility.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen, als auch bei Fahrzeugen wie Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeugen vermehrt It is becoming apparent that in the future both in stationary applications, and in vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles increased
Batteriesysteme zum Einsatz kommen werden. Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Spannung und zur Verfügung stellbare Leistung erfüllen zu können, werden eine hohe Zahl von Batteriezellen in Serie geschaltet. Da der von einer solchen Batterie bereitgestellte Strom durch alle Batteriezellen fließen muss und eine Batteriezelle nur einen begrenzten Strom leiten kann, werden oft zusätzlich Batteriezellen parallel geschaltet, um den maximalen Strom zu erhöhen. Dies kann entweder durch Vorsehen von mehreren Zellwickeln innerhalb eines Batteriezellengehäuses oder durch externes Verschalten von Batteriezellen geschehen. Battery systems will be used. In order to meet the voltage and available power requirements of a particular application, a large number of battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such a battery must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current. This can be done either by providing multiple cell wraps within a battery cell housing or by externally interconnecting battery cells.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen und zur Bestimmung des Ladezustandes der Batterie mit hinreichender Genauigkeit werden in solchen Batteriesystemen gewöhnlich verschiedene Messgrößen wie die Spannungen der einzelnen Batteriezellen (Zellspannungen), des Stromes durch die Batterie und die Temperatur ausgewählter oder aller Batteriezellen bestimmt. Diese Messgrößen werden von einer Steuereinheit (Battery Control Unit, BCU) erfasst, weiterverarbeitet und je nach Anwendung an andere Teile der Vorrichtung übermittelt. Da die Batteriespannung eines solchen Batteriesystems hohe Werte erreichen kann, muss es aus Sicherheitsgründen isoliert von berührbaren Teilen der umgebenden Vorrichtung aufgebaut werden. Insbesondere bei Batteriesystemen, die in Kraftfahrzeugen als Traktionsbatterie eingesetzt werden, bedeutet das, dass das Batteriesystem isoliert gegen die Steuereinheit ausgeführt werden muss, weil diese an das Niederspannungsbordnetz angeschlossen ist und mit zahlreichen anderen Komponenten kommuniziert. For safety reasons and for determining the state of charge of the battery with sufficient accuracy, different measured variables such as the voltages of the individual battery cells (cell voltages), the current through the battery and the temperature of selected or all battery cells are usually determined in such battery systems. These measured quantities are recorded by a control unit (Battery Control Unit, BCU), further processed and, depending on the application, transmitted to other parts of the device. Since the battery voltage of such a battery system can reach high levels, it must be constructed for safety reasons isolated from touchable parts of the surrounding device. In particular, in battery systems that are used in motor vehicles as a traction battery, this means that the battery system must be performed in isolation against the control unit, because it is connected to the low-voltage electrical system and communicates with numerous other components.
Eine Isolierung oder Potentialtrennung erzeugt jedoch technischen Mehraufwand und erhöht die Gesamtkosten der Anordnung. Daher ist es erstrebenswert, die Anzahl von Isolierungen oder Potentialtrennungen zu minimieren. Gemäß dem Stand der Technik wird abhängig von einer jeweils eingesetzten However, isolation or electrical isolation creates additional technical overhead and increases the overall cost of the device. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the number of isolation or potential separations. According to the prior art depends on a respectively used
Halbleitertechnologie beziehungsweise deren Spannungsfestigkeit eine in der Hableitertechnologie ganz oder teilweise als Mikrochip gefertigten Semiconductor technology or its dielectric strength in the Hableitertechnologie wholly or partially manufactured as a microchip
Zellspannungserfassungseinheit für eine Anzahl von Batteriezellen verwendet, für die die Summe der Zellspannungen die Spannungsfestigkeit der Cell voltage detection unit used for a number of battery cells, for which the sum of the cell voltages the dielectric strength of the
Zellspannungserfassungseinheit nicht überfordert. Die Batteriezellen werden dann mit der zugehörigen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit zu einem Cell voltage detection unit is not overwhelmed. The battery cells then become one with the associated cell voltage detection unit
Batteriemodul zusammengefasst. Die einzelnen Battery module summarized. The single ones
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten sind dann über einen Kommunikationsbus zu einer Kette verschaltet, die über einen einzelnen Isolatorbaustein mit dem  Cell voltage detection units are then interconnected via a communication bus to a chain, which via a single isolator module with the
Mikrokontroller, der das Herz der Steuereinheit bildet, verbunden. Es besteht nun jedoch das Problem, dass auch die Messung des Batteriestromes unter Microcontroller, which forms the heart of the control unit, connected. However, there is now the problem that the measurement of the battery current under
Berücksichtigung der Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfolgen muss. Hierbei kann auf magnetfeldbasierte oder spannungsbasierte Methoden zur Strommessung zurückgegriffen werden. Die magnetfeldbasierte Strommessung ist prinzipbedingt einfach potentialgetrennt durchzuführen, ist aber für sich nur kostenintensiv zu realisieren. Die preisgünstige und einfache Messung durch die Messung einer Spannung an einem im Strompfad der Batterie angeordneten Widerstand bekannter Größe (Shunt-Prinzip) ist hingegen zwar preisgünstig zu realisieren, würde aber einen zusätzlichen Isolatorbaustein erfordern. Consideration of safety regulations. This can be based on magnetic field-based or voltage-based methods for current measurement. The magnetic field-based current measurement is inherently easy to perform isolated potential, but is only costly to realize. The inexpensive and simple measurement by measuring a voltage across a resistor arranged in the current path known size (shunt principle), however, is indeed inexpensive to implement, but would require an additional Isolatorbaustein.
Soweit im Rahmen der Erfindung von einer Batterie gesprochen wird, kann auch ein Batteriezellstrang einer Batterie mit mehreren parallel geschalteten As far as is spoken in the context of the invention of a battery, and a battery cell strand of a battery with several parallel connected
Batteriezellsträngen gemeint sein. Offenbarung der Erfindung Battery cell strands meant. Disclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird daher eine Batterie mit einer Mehrzahl von zwischen einen Pluspol und einen Minuspol in Serie geschalteten Batteriezellen und einer Mehrzahl von Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten eingeführt. Die According to the invention, therefore, a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a positive pole and a negative pole and a plurality of cell voltage detection units is introduced. The
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten besitzen jeweils eine Mehrzahl von mit einer Gruppe der Batteriezellen verbundenen Spannungsmesseingängen und sind ausgebildet, Zellspannungen der mit der jeweiligen Cell voltage detection units each have a plurality of voltage measurement inputs connected to a group of the battery cells, and are configured to have cell voltages corresponding to the respective ones
Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen zu bestimmen. Die Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten sind miteinander durch einen  Cell voltage detection unit connected to determine battery cells. The cell voltage detection units are connected to each other by a
Kommunikationsbus verbunden und außerdem ausgebildet, die bestimmten Zellspannungen über den Kommunikationsbus an einen durch eine Communication bus connected and also adapted to the determined cell voltages via the communication bus to one by a
Potentialtrennungsvorrichtung galvanisch von den Potential separation device galvanic from the
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten abgekoppelten Mikrocontroller zu übermitteln. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Batterie einen mit den Batteriezellen in Serie geschalteten Widerstand auf. Wenigstens ein erster Anschluss des Widerstandes ist mit einem ausgewählten Spannungsmesseingang einer der  Cell voltage detection units to transmit decoupled microcontroller. According to the invention, the battery has a resistor connected in series with the battery cells. At least one first terminal of the resistor is one of the selected voltage measurement inputs
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten verbunden. Cell voltage detection units connected.
Die Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, dass nur ein Isolatorbaustein für die Messung sowohl der Zellspannungen als auch des die Batterie durchfließenden Stromes benötigt wird und dennoch die kostengünstige indirekte Messung des Stromes durch Messung der Spannung an einem Widerstand bekannter Größe verwendet werden kann. Die Strommessung wird hierfür über eine der The invention offers the advantage that only one isolator module is required for the measurement of both the cell voltages and the current flowing through the battery, and yet the cost-effective indirect measurement of the current can be used by measuring the voltage across a resistor of known size. The current measurement is for this via one of
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten realisiert, so dass ohne Mehraufwand für die Isolierung/Potentialtrennung ein, den durch die Batterie fließenden Strom, repräsentierender Messwert wie eine Zellspannung und zusammen mit den Zellspannungen der Batteriezellen an den Mikrocontroller übermittelt werden kann. Außerdem ist vorteilhaft, dass dieser Strom messwert synchron mit den Zellspannungen bestimmt wird, weil für die Messung der Zellspannungen und des Strom messwertes derselbe Baustein verwendet wird. Realized cell voltage detection units, so that without additional effort for the isolation / electrical isolation of a, the current flowing through the battery, representing measured value such as a cell voltage and can be transmitted together with the cell voltages of the battery cells to the microcontroller. It is also advantageous that this current reading is determined synchronously with the cell voltages, because the same module is used for the measurement of the cell voltages and the current reading.
Vorzugsweise verfügt die Batterie über einen Verstärker, der zwischen den Widerstand und den ausgewählten Spannungsmesseingang der einen der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten geschaltet und ausgebildet ist, um eine über dem Widerstand anliegende Spannung zu verstärken. Durch Verwendung des Verstärkers wird es möglich, einen Widerstand mit einem sehr geringen Preferably, the battery has an amplifier, which is connected between the resistor and the selected voltage measuring input of the one of the cell voltage detection units and is adapted to one over reinforce the voltage applied to the resistor. By using the amplifier, it becomes possible to use a resistor with a very low
Widerstandswert für die Strommessung zu verwenden, da die an diesem Resistance value to use for the current measurement, since the at this
Widerstand abfallende, entsprechend geringe Spannung für die Erfassung durch die Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verstärkt wird. Dies ist deshalb vorteilhaft, weil der Innenwiderstand der Batterie durch den Widerstand nur geringfügig erhöht wird und durch den Widerstand aufgrund seines geringen Resistance dropping, correspondingly low voltage for detection by the cell voltage detection unit is amplified. This is advantageous because the internal resistance of the battery is only slightly increased by the resistance and by the resistance due to its low
Widerstandswertes entsprechend wenig Verlustleistung und -wärme erzeugt wird. Resistance value correspondingly little power loss and heat is generated.
Ein Verstärkungsfaktor des Verstärkers kann derartig vorgegeben sein, dass ein maximal zulässiger Strom der Batterie eine Ausgangsspannung des Verstärkers bewirkt, welche kleiner als eine maximal zulässige Eingangsspannung der Spannungsmesseingänge der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit ist. An amplification factor of the amplifier may be set such that a maximum allowable current of the battery causes an output voltage of the amplifier which is smaller than a maximum allowable input voltage of the voltage measurement inputs of the one cell voltage detection unit.
Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Zellspannungserfassungseinheit denThis ensures that the cell voltage detection unit the
Strom der Batterie über den gesamten relevanten Messbereich erfassen und auch ein Überschreiten des maximal zulässigen Batteriestromes feststellen kann. Detect current of the battery over the entire relevant measuring range and also can detect an exceeding of the maximum permissible battery current.
Dabei ist der Verstärkungsfaktor des Verstärkers bevorzugt derartig vorgegeben, dass ein maximal zulässiger Strom der Batterie eine Ausgangsspannung desIn this case, the amplification factor of the amplifier is preferably predetermined such that a maximum permissible current of the battery is an output voltage of the
Verstärkers bewirkt, welche außerdem kleiner als eine maximal zulässige Zellspannung der Batteriezellen oder gleich der maximal zulässigen Amplifier causes, which also smaller than a maximum allowable cell voltage of the battery cells or equal to the maximum allowable
Zellspannung der Batteriezellen ist. Diese Ausführungsform der Erfindung besitzt den Vorteil, dass die maximale Spannung, die für die Strommessung von der Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verarbeitet werden muss, einer maximal zulässigen Zellspannung entspricht, so dass gleiche Verarbeitungswege für sowohl Zellspannungen als auch den Strommesswert verwendet werden können. Cell voltage of the battery cells is. This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the maximum voltage that has to be processed for the current measurement by the cell voltage detection unit corresponds to a maximum permissible cell voltage so that identical processing paths can be used for both cell voltages and the current measured value.
Bevorzugt weist der Verstärker einen ersten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss für eine untere Versorgungsspannung und einen zweiten The amplifier preferably has a first supply voltage connection for a lower supply voltage and a second supply voltage connection
Versorgungsspannungsanschluss für eine obere Versorgungsspannung auf. Dabei sind der erste Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit einer ersten  Supply voltage connection for an upper supply voltage. In this case, the first supply voltage connection with a first
Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen und der zweite Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit einer zweiten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenenBattery cell of the one cell voltage detection unit connected to the battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal with a second battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit
Batteriezellen verbunden. In einer ersten Ausführungsform sind dabei der erste Battery cells connected. In a first embodiment are the first
Versorgungsspannungsanschluss direkt mit der ersten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen und der zweite Versorgungsspannungsanschluss direkt mit der zweiten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen verbunden, so dass der Verstärker direkt aus den Batteriezellen versorgt wird.  Supply voltage terminal directly to the first battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal directly to the second battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit battery cells, so that the amplifier is supplied directly from the battery cells.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist ein DC/DC-Umsetzer vorgesehen, der den ersten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit der ersten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen und den zweiten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit der zweiten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit verbundenen Batteriezellen verbindet und ausgebildet ist, die obere Versorgungsspannung und die untere In an alternative embodiment, a DC / DC converter is provided which connects and forms the first supply voltage terminal to the first battery cell of the battery cells connected to the one cell voltage detection unit and the second supply voltage terminal to the second battery cell of the battery cells connected to the one cell voltage detection unit Supply voltage and the lower
Versorgungsspannung zu erzeugen und an den Verstärker auszugeben. Der DC/DC-Umsetzer bietet den Vorteil, eine Versorgungsspannung zu erzeugen, die unabhängig beispielsweise von einem Ladezustand der Batteriezellen ist. Supply voltage and output to the amplifier. The DC / DC converter offers the advantage of generating a supply voltage that is independent of, for example, a state of charge of the battery cells.
Die Batterie kann m Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten aufweisen, wobei jede der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten n Spannungsmesseingänge umfasst und die Batterie m*n-l in Serie geschaltete Batteriezellen besitzt. Bei dieser The battery may comprise m cell voltage detection units, each of the cell voltage detection units comprising n voltage measurement inputs and the battery having m * n-1 series-connected battery cells. At this
Ausführungsvariante werden vorteilhaft nur identisch aufgebaute Embodiment are advantageously constructed only identically
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten verwendet, wobei an einer der Cell voltage detection units used, wherein at one of
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten eine Batteriezelle weniger angeschlossen wird als an die verbleibenden, und der freibleibende Spannungsmesseingang für die Strommessung verwendet wird. Die Verwendung identisch aufgebauter Komponenten erlaubt eine rationellere und somit kostengünstigere Produktion. Cell voltage detection units one battery cell is connected less than the remaining, and the remaining voltage measuring input is used for the current measurement. The use of identically designed components allows a more rational and therefore less expensive production.
Alternativ kann die Batterie m Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten aufweisen, wobei jede der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten n Spannungsmesseingänge umfasst und die Batterie m*n-m in Serie geschaltete Batteriezellen besitzt. In diesem Fall werden an alle Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten gleich viele Batteriezellen angeschlossen, so dass bei jeder Zellspannungserfassungseinheit ein Spannungsmesseingang frei bleibt und sich identische Batteriemodule, jeweils mit einer Zellspannungserfassungseinheit und n-1 Batteriezellen umfassend, ergeben. Bei einer der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten wird dieser Spannungsmesseingang dann für die Strommessung eingesetzt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform bietet sich der Vorteil, dass identisch aufgebaute Batteriemodule verwendet werden und nur bei einem Batteriemodul eine zusätzliche Kontaktierung für die Strommessung vorgenommen werden muss. Alternatively, the battery may include m cell voltage detection units, each of the cell voltage detection units comprising n voltage measurement inputs and the battery having m * nm series connected battery cells. In this case, the same number of battery cells are connected to all cell voltage detection units, so that a voltage measurement input remains free for each cell voltage detection unit and result in identical battery modules, each comprising a cell voltage detection unit and n-1 battery cells. In one of the cell voltage detection units This voltage measuring input then used for current measurement. In this embodiment, there is the advantage that identically designed battery modules are used and only in a battery module an additional contact for the current measurement must be made.
Die Batterie weist besonders bevorzugt Lithium- Ionen- Batteriezellen auf, welche aufgrund ihrer hohen Zellspannung und des günstigen Verhältnisses zwischen Volumen und maximaler gespeicherter Energie besonders geeignet sind. The battery particularly preferably has lithium-ion battery cells, which are particularly suitable because of their high cell voltage and the favorable ratio between volume and maximum stored energy.
Ein zweiter Erfindungsaspekt führt ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges und einer mit dem A second aspect of the invention leads a motor vehicle with an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and one with the
Antriebsmotor verbundenen Batterie gemäß dem ersten Erfindungsaspekt ein. Drive motor connected battery according to the first aspect of the invention.
Zeichnungen drawings
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below. Show it:
Figur 1 ein Batteriesystem gemäß dem Stand der Technik, 1 shows a battery system according to the prior art,
Figur 2 ein weiteres Batteriesystem gemäß dem Stand der Technik und Figure 2 shows another battery system according to the prior art and
Figur 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung Embodiments of the invention
In den Figuren bedeuten gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche oder gleichartige Funktionseinheiten. Sofern nichts Abweichendes beschrieben ist, gilt daher das für die anderen Figuren Gesagte entsprechend. In the figures, the same reference numerals denote identical or similar functional units. Unless otherwise specified, the statements made for the other figures apply accordingly.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Batteriesystem gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Eine Vielzahl von Batteriezellen ist zwischen einen Pluspol und einen Minuspol in Serie geschaltet, so dass sich ein Batteriezellstrang ergibt. Das gezeigte Beispiel besitzt einen Batteriezellstrang. Es können aber auch mehrere, solche FIG. 1 shows a battery system according to the prior art. A plurality of battery cells is connected in series between a positive pole and a negative pole, resulting in a battery cell strand. The example shown has a battery cell string. But it can also be several, such
Batteriezellstränge parallel geschaltet werden, um die zur Verfügung stellbare Leistung und die Kapazität des Batteriesystems zu erhöhen. Die Batteriezellen sind in Gruppen 10-1 bis 10-n unterteilt, die vorzugsweise jeweils dieselbe Anzahl Batteriezellen enthalten. Allerdings können die Gruppen von Battery cell strings are connected in parallel to increase the available power and capacity of the battery system. The battery cells are divided into groups 10-1 to 10-n, which preferably each contain the same number of battery cells. However, the groups of
Batteriezellen auch unterschiedliche Zahlen von Batteriezellen aufweisen. Jede Gruppe von Batteriezellen 10-1 bis 10-n ist mit einer zugeordneten Battery cells also have different numbers of battery cells. Each group of battery cells 10-1 to 10-n is associated with one
Zellspannungserfassungseinheit 20-1 bis 20-n verbunden, welche ausgebildet sind, die Zellspannungen der Batteriezellen zu erfassen. Außerdem können die Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n ausgebildet sein, weitere Betriebsparameter wie beispielsweise die Temperatur einer oder aller Cell voltage detection unit 20-1 to 20-n connected, which are adapted to detect the cell voltages of the battery cells. In addition, the cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n may be formed, other operating parameters such as the temperature of one or all
Batteriezellen zu bestimmen. Die Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20- n sind untereinander durch einen Kommunikationsbus verbunden, welcher über einen Isolatorbaustein 30-1 (Potentialtrennungsvorrichtung ) mit einem To determine battery cells. The cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n are connected to each other by a communication bus, which via an isolator module 30-1 (potential separation device) with a
Mikrocontroller 40 eine Battery Control Unit (BCU) verbunden ist. Die Microcontroller 40 is connected to a Battery Control Unit (BCU). The
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n übermitteln die erfassten Zellspannungen der Batteriezellen über den Kommunikationsbus und den Isolatorbaustein 30-1 an den Mikrocontroller 40, welcher anhand dieser Daten beispielsweise Ladezustände der Batteriezellen und andere Parameter des Batteriesystems bestimmen kann. Aufgrund der Verschaltung der Cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n transmit the detected cell voltages of the battery cells via the communication bus and the isolator module 30-1 to the microcontroller 40, which can determine, for example, charge states of the battery cells and other parameters of the battery system on the basis of these data. Due to the interconnection of the
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n über den Kommunikationsbus wird trotz der gegebenenfalls hohen Anzahl von Cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n via the communication bus, despite the possibly high number of
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n nur ein Isolatorbaustein 30-1 benötigt, um alle Zellspannungen an den Mikrocontroller 40 zu übermitteln.  Cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n only one Isolatorbaustein 30-1 needed to transmit all cell voltages to the microcontroller 40.
Als weiterer wichtiger Betriebsparameter soll in einem Batteriesystem gewöhnlich der Batteriestrom bestimmt werden. Hierfür kann ein in den Strompfad geschalteter Widerstand 50 vorgesehen sein, der einen bekannten und möglichst niedrigen Widerstandswert aufweist. Mit einer Spannungsmesseinheit 60 wird dann die Spannung über dem Widerstand 50 gemessen, was einen direkten Rückschluss auf den fließenden Strom zulässt. Der von der Another important operating parameter in a battery system is usually to determine the battery current. For this purpose, a resistor 50 connected in the current path can be provided which has a known and lowest possible resistance value. With a voltage measuring unit 60, the voltage across the resistor 50 is then measured, which allows a direct inference to the flowing current. The one of the
Spannungsmesseinheit 60 gemessene Wert muss jedoch über einen weiteren Isolatorbaustein 30-2 an den Mikrocontroller 40 übermittelt werden, weil die Spannungsmesseinheit 60 in leitendem Kontakt mit der Batterie steht, so dass im Fehlerfall aufgrund der hohen Batteriespannung ein Sicherheitsrisiko bestünde. Voltage measuring unit 60 measured value, however, must be transmitted via a further insulator module 30-2 to the microcontroller 40, because the voltage measuring unit 60 is in conductive contact with the battery, so that there would be a security risk in case of failure due to the high battery voltage.
Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Batteriesystem gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Im Unterschied zu dem Beispiel von Figur 1 wird ein Magnetfeldsensor 70, beispielsweise eine Hall-Sonde, zur Messung des Stromes verwendet. Da ein solcher Magnetfeldsensor 70 den fließenden Strom indirekt über das den stromführenden Leiter umgebende Magnetfeld misst, kann er leicht so konstruiert werden, dass er die unter Hochspannung stehenden Teile des Batteriesystems nicht berührt und so den Sicherheitsbestimmungen genüge getan wird. Daher kann der Magnetfeldsensor 70 direkt, also ohne einen zweiten Isolatorbaustein, an den Mikrocontroller 40 angebunden werden. Trotz der Einsparung des teuren zweiten Isolatorbausteins des Beispiels der Figur 1 hat diese Ausführung jedoch den Nachteil, dass ein Magnetfeldsensor gegenüber der Strommessung über einen Widerstand wie in Figur 1 gezeigt nur sehr teuer zu realisieren ist. FIG. 2 shows a further battery system according to the prior art. In contrast to the example of FIG. 1, a magnetic field sensor 70, for example a Hall probe, is used to measure the current. There a such magnetic field sensor 70 measures the flowing current indirectly over the magnetic field surrounding the current carrying conductor, it can be easily designed so that it does not touch the high voltage parts of the battery system, thus satisfying the safety requirements. Therefore, the magnetic field sensor 70 can be connected directly to the microcontroller 40, ie without a second isolator module. Despite the saving of the expensive second insulator module of the example of FIG. 1, however, this embodiment has the disadvantage that a magnetic field sensor can only be realized very expensive compared to the current measurement via a resistor as shown in FIG.
Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Widerstand 50 zur Messung des Batteriestromes in den Strompfad geschaltet. Optional kann ein Verstärker 80 vorgesehen sein, der die Spannung über den Widerstand 50 auf einen geeigneten Wertebereich verstärkt. Der Verstärker 80 kann direkt von den Batteriezellen einer Gruppe von Batteriezellen versorgt werden, also direkt mit den Batteriezellen verbundene Versorgungsleitungen aufweisen, oder aber - wie in Figur 3 gezeigt - über einen DC/DC-Umsetzer 90, der zwischen den Verstärker 80 und die Batteriezellen geschaltet ist. In diesem Fall ist der Verstärker 80 indirekt mit den Batteriezellen verbunden. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention. According to the invention, a resistor 50 for measuring the battery current is switched into the current path. Optionally, an amplifier 80 may be provided which amplifies the voltage across the resistor 50 to a suitable range of values. The amplifier 80 can be supplied directly from the battery cells of a group of battery cells, that is to say directly to supply lines connected to the battery cells, or via a DC / DC converter 90, which is connected between the amplifier 80 and the battery cells, as shown in FIG is switched. In this case, the amplifier 80 is indirectly connected to the battery cells.
Der DC/DC-Umsetzer 90 hat die Aufgabe, eine von den Ladezuständen und somit den Zellspannungen der Batteriezellen unabhängige und stabile The purpose of the DC / DC converter 90 is to be stable and independent of the states of charge and thus the cell voltages of the battery cells
Versorgungsspannung für den Verstärker 80 zu erzeugen. Der Ausgang des Verstärkers (oder bei Ausführungen der Erfindung ohne Verstärker 80 Supply voltage for the amplifier 80 to produce. The output of the amplifier (or in embodiments of the invention without amplifier 80th
wenigstens ein Anschluss des Widerstandes 50) ist erfindungsgemäß mit einemat least one terminal of the resistor 50) according to the invention with a
Spannungsmesseingang einer der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n, im gezeigten Beispiel der Zellspannungserfassungseinheit 20-b, verbunden. Die Zellspannungserfassungseinheit 20-n erfasst die Voltage measuring input of one of the cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n, in the example shown, the cell voltage detection unit 20-b connected. The cell voltage detection unit 20-n detects the
Ausgangsspannung des Verstärkers 80 in ähnlicher oder identischer Weise wie die Zellspannungen der Batteriezellen und übermittelt die derart erfasste Output voltage of the amplifier 80 in a similar or identical manner as the cell voltages of the battery cells and transmits the thus detected
Ausgangsspannung des Verstärkers 80 zusammen mit den erfassten  Output voltage of the amplifier 80 together with the detected
Zellspannungen über den Kommunikationsbus und den Isolatorbaustein 30 an den Mikrocontroller 40 der BCU. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es so, nur einen Isolatorbaustein 30 vorzusehen und dennoch die kostengünstigere Cell voltages across the communication bus and the Isolatorbaustein 30 to the microcontroller 40 of the BCU. The invention thus makes it possible to provide only one Isolatorbaustein 30 and yet the cheaper
Strommessmethode zu verwenden, ohne die geltenden To use current measuring method without the applicable
Sicherheitsbestimmungen zu verletzen. Die Zellspannungserfassungseinheit 20- n kann dazu gegenüber den anderen Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten einen zusätzlichen Spannungsmesseingang aufweisen. Bevorzugt sind jedoch alle Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten 20-1 bis 20-n identisch aufgebaut. Dies bedeutet, dass entweder ein Spannungsmesseingang der weiteren Violate safety regulations. The cell voltage detection unit 20- n may have an additional voltage measuring input with respect to the other cell voltage detection units. Preferably, however, all cell voltage detection units 20-1 to 20-n are identically constructed. This means that either one voltage measuring input of the other
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten ungenutzt bleibt, oder aber die Gruppe vonCell voltage detection units remains unused, or the group of
Batteriezellen, die mit der Zellspannungserfassungseinheit 20-n verbunden ist, eine Batteriezelle weniger aufweist als die anderen Gruppen von Batteriezellen. Battery cell, which is connected to the cell voltage detection unit 20-n, one battery cell has less than the other groups of battery cells.
Die Erfindung erlaubt vorteilhaft den Einsatz bereits existierender The invention advantageously allows the use of existing ones
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten, welche als ICs in großen Stückzahlen produziert werden. Cell voltage detection units, which are produced as ICs in large numbers.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Eine Batterie mit einer Mehrzahl von zwischen einen Pluspol und einen Minuspol in Serie geschalteten Batteriezellen und einer Mehrzahl von Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n), die eine Mehrzahl von jeweils mit einer Gruppe der Batteriezellen (10-1 10-n) verbundenen1 . A battery having a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a positive pole and a negative pole and a plurality of cell voltage detecting units (20-1 20-n) having a plurality of each connected to a group of the battery cells (10-1 10-n)
Spannungsmesseingängen aufweisen und ausgebildet sind, Zellspannungen der mit der jeweiligen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-1 20-n) verbundenen Batteriezellen zu bestimmen, wobei die Voltage measuring inputs and are adapted to determine cell voltages of the respective cell voltage detection unit (20-1 20-n) connected battery cells, wherein the
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) miteinander durch einen Kommunikationsbus verbunden und außerdem ausgebildet sind, die bestimmten Zellspannungen über den Kommunikationsbus an einen durch eine Potentialtrennungsvorrichtung (30) galvanisch von den  Cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n) are connected to each other through a communication bus and are further configured to galvanically supply the determined cell voltages to the cell through a potential separation device (30) via the communication bus
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) abgekoppelten  Cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n) decoupled
Mikrocontroller (40) zu übermitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterie einen mit den Batteriezellen in Serie geschalteten Widerstand Microcontroller (40) to transmit, characterized in that the battery connected to the battery cells in series resistor
(50) aufweist, wobei wenigstens ein erster Anschluss des Widerstandes (50) mit einem ausgewählten Spannungsmesseingang einer der (50), wherein at least a first terminal of the resistor (50) is connected to a selected voltage measuring input of one of the
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) verbunden ist.  Cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n) is connected.
2. Die Batterie gemäß Anspruch 1 , mit einem Verstärker (80), der zwischen den Widerstand (50) und den ausgewählten Spannungsmesseingang der einen der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) geschaltet und ausgebildet ist, eine über dem Widerstand (50) anliegende Spannung zu verstärken. 2. The battery according to claim 1, comprising an amplifier (80) connected between the resistor (50) and the selected voltage measurement input of one of the cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n), one above the resistor (50). reinforce the applied voltage.
3. Die Batterie gemäß Anspruch 2, bei der ein Verstärkungsfaktor des 3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein an amplification factor of
Verstärkers (80) derartig vorgegeben ist, dass ein maximal zulässiger Strom der Batterie eine Ausgangsspannung des Verstärkers (80) bewirkt, welche kleiner als eine maximal zulässige Eingangsspannung der  Amplifier (80) is set such that a maximum allowable current of the battery causes an output voltage of the amplifier (80), which is smaller than a maximum allowable input voltage of the
Spannungsmesseingänge der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) ist. Die Batterie gemäß Anspruch 3, bei der der Verstärkungsfaktor des Voltage measurement inputs of a cell voltage detection unit (20-n). The battery according to claim 3, wherein the gain of the
Verstärkers (80) derartig vorgegeben ist, dass ein maximal zulässiger Strom der Batterie eine Ausgangsspannung des Verstärkers (80) bewirkt, welche außerdem kleiner als eine maximal zulässige Zellspannung der Amplifier (80) is set such that a maximum allowable current of the battery causes an output voltage of the amplifier (80), which is also less than a maximum allowable cell voltage of the
Batteriezellen oder gleich der maximal zulässigen Zellspannung der Battery cells or equal to the maximum permissible cell voltage of
Batteriezellen ist. Battery cells is.
Die Batterie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, bei der der Verstärker (80) einen ersten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss für eine untere The battery according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the amplifier (80) has a first supply voltage terminal for a lower supply voltage terminal
Versorgungsspannung und einen zweiten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss für eine obere Versorgungsspannung aufweist, wobei der erste Supply voltage and a second supply voltage terminal for an upper supply voltage, wherein the first
Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit einer ersten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) verbundenen Batteriezellen und der zweite Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit einer zweiten Supply voltage terminal with a first battery cell of the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n) connected battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal with a second
Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) verbundenen Batteriezellen verbunden sind. Battery cell are connected to the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n) connected battery cells.
Die Batterie gemäß Anspruch 5, bei der der erste The battery according to claim 5, wherein the first one
Versorgungsspannungsanschluss direkt mit der ersten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) verbundenen  Supply voltage terminal directly to the first battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n)
Batteriezellen und der zweite Versorgungsspannungsanschluss direkt mit der zweiten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) verbundenen Batteriezellen verbunden sind. Battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal are directly connected to the second battery cell of the connected to the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n) battery cells.
Die Batterie gemäß Anspruch 5, mit einem DC/DC-Umsetzer (90), welcher den ersten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit der ersten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20-n) verbundenen The battery according to claim 5, comprising a DC / DC converter (90) connecting the first supply voltage terminal to the first battery cell of the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n)
Batteriezellen und den zweiten Versorgungsspannungsanschluss mit der zweiten Batteriezelle der mit der einen Zellspannungserfassungseinheit (20- n) verbundenen Batteriezellen verbindet und ausgebildet ist, die obere Versorgungsspannung und die untere Versorgungsspannung zu erzeugen und an den Verstärker (80) auszugeben. Battery cells and the second supply voltage terminal to the second battery cell connected to the one cell voltage detection unit (20-n) connected battery cells and is adapted to generate the upper supply voltage and the lower supply voltage and output to the amplifier (80).
Die Batterie gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die m The battery according to one of the preceding claims, the m
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) aufweist und bei der jede der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) n+1 Cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n) and in which each the cell voltage detection units (20-1 20-n) n + 1
Spannungsmesseingänge umfasst, wobei die Batterie m*n-1 in Serie geschaltete Batteriezellen besitzt. Voltage measuring inputs, wherein the battery has m * n-1 series-connected battery cells.
Die Batterie gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, die m The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which m
Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) aufweist und bei der jede der Zellspannungserfassungseinheiten (20-1 20-n) n+1  Cell voltage detecting units (20-1 20-n) and at each of the cell voltage detecting units (20-1 20-n) n + 1
Spannungsmesseingänge umfasst, wobei die Batterie m*n-m in Serie geschaltete Batteriezellen besitzt. Voltage measuring inputs, wherein the battery m * nm has series-connected battery cells.
Ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges und einer mit dem Antriebsmotor verbundenen Batterie gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. A motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery connected to the drive motor according to one of the preceding claims.
EP11754846.1A 2010-09-14 2011-08-09 Battery having cell voltage and battery current detection and comprising only one electrical isolation device Active EP2616267B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010040713A DE102010040713A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2010-09-14 Battery with detection of cell voltages and battery current and only one potential separation device
PCT/EP2011/063688 WO2012034792A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2011-08-09 Battery having cell voltage and battery current detection and comprising only one electrical isolation device

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EP2616267A1 true EP2616267A1 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2616267B1 EP2616267B1 (en) 2019-06-19

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EP (1) EP2616267B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103118897B (en)
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EP2616267B1 (en) 2019-06-19
US20130335096A1 (en) 2013-12-19
DE102010040713A1 (en) 2012-03-15
CN103118897B (en) 2016-04-06
US9310442B2 (en) 2016-04-12
CN103118897A (en) 2013-05-22
WO2012034792A1 (en) 2012-03-22

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