EP2615921B1 - Amine oxide surfactants for controlling herbicide spray drift - Google Patents

Amine oxide surfactants for controlling herbicide spray drift Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2615921B1
EP2615921B1 EP11825846.6A EP11825846A EP2615921B1 EP 2615921 B1 EP2615921 B1 EP 2615921B1 EP 11825846 A EP11825846 A EP 11825846A EP 2615921 B1 EP2615921 B1 EP 2615921B1
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salt
glyphosate
ammonium
amine oxide
water soluble
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EP11825846.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2615921A1 (en
EP2615921A4 (en
Inventor
Brandon Matthew Downer
Mei Li
Lei Liu
Kuide Qin
Holger Tank
Stephen L. Wilson
Hong Zhang
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Corteva Agriscience LLC
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Dow AgroSciences LLC
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Priority to DK16179213.0T priority Critical patent/DK3111764T3/en
Priority to PL16179213T priority patent/PL3111764T3/en
Priority to PL11825846T priority patent/PL2615921T3/en
Priority to EP16179213.0A priority patent/EP3111764B1/en
Publication of EP2615921A1 publication Critical patent/EP2615921A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A01N25/06—Aerosols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
    • A01N39/02—Aryloxy-carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N39/04—Aryloxy-acetic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals

Definitions

  • Spray drift during application can be reduced by incorporating certain tertiary amine oxide surfactants into an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture containing glyphosate and an auxinic herbicide. Methods and compositions to reduce spray drift during the application of an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture are described herein.
  • the methods to reduce spray drift during the application of an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture containing glyphosate and an auxinic herbicide include incorporating into the aqueous herbicidal spray mixture from 0.02 to 2 weight percent of a tertiary amine oxide surfactant of the formula: wherein R 4 is a straight or branched chain (C 10 -C 18 ) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula: wherein R 7 is a straight or branched chain (C 10 -C 18 ) alkyl, and R 5 and R 6 independently are straight or branched chain (C 1 -C 18 ) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula: wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, or mixtures thereof.
  • aqueous concentrate compositions include from 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of at least one auxinic herbicide, 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and from 1 to 20 weight percent of one or more of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants, wherein the cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide are selected from the group consisting of isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
  • the methods and compositions reduce the amount of driftable fines of a herbicide spray in both aerial and ground spray applications.
  • the methods include the use of compositions incorporating tertiary amine oxide surfactants, or mixtures thereof, into aqueous herbicidal spray mixtures containing a water soluble glyphosate salt and at least one water soluble auxinic herbicide salt.
  • Particularly useful auxinic herbicides to which this method applies include clopyralid, triclopyr, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, MCPA, MCPB, dicamba, aminopyralid, and picloram.
  • the methods described herein are most particularly useful for the application of herbicides that are subject to restricted applications around sensitive crops such as spray mixtures containing glyphosate and 2,4-D, triclopyr or dicamba.
  • Suitable cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide used in the spray mixtures described herein include isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, dimethylethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
  • the cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide are selexcted from the group consisting of isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
  • tertiary amine oxide surfactants useful with the methods and compositions described herein may be prepared from petroleum derived raw materials or from naturally derived raw materials such as, for example, vegetable, animal, algae, or seed oils, or from combinations of petroleum derived or naturally derived raw materials.
  • tertiary amine oxide surfactants refer to trialkyl amine oxides of the formula wherein R 4 is a straight or branched chain (C 10 -C 18 ) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula wherein R 7 is a straight or branched chain (C 10 -C 18 ) alkyl, and R 5 and R 6 independently are straight or branched chain (C 1 -C 18 ) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, or mixtures thereof.
  • tertiary amine oxide surfactants include those found in the following products such as, for example, Ammonyx® C (R 4 is cocoalkyl; R 5 and R 6 are methyl), Ammonyx® MO (R 4 is straight chain C 14 alkyl; R 5 and R 6 are methyl), Ammonyx® MCO (R 4 is indicated to be predominantly a mixture of straight chain C 14 and C 16 alkyls; R 5 and R 6 are methyl), and Ammonyx® LO (R 4 is straight chain C 12 alkyl; R 5 and R 6 are methyl) (the Ammonyx® line of products are available from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL); Rhodamox® LO (R 4 is indicated to be predominantly a mixture of straight chain C 12 and C 14 alkyls; R 5 and R 6 are methyl) (Rhodia-Novecare; Cranbury, NJ); Aromox® C/12 (R 4 is cocoalkyl; R 5 and R 6 are 2-hydroxethyl) (the Aromox
  • the tertiary amine oxide surfactant, and mixtures thereof can be incorporated into the aqueous herbicidal spray mixture, for example, by being tank-mixed directly with the diluted herbicidal formulation.
  • the tertiary amine oxide surfactant, and mixtures thereof may be incorporated into the aqueous spray mixture at a concentration from 0.02 to 2 weight percent of the final spray mixture, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 weight percent of the final spray mixture, and most preferably from 0.05 to 0.2 weight percent of the final spray mixture.
  • the optimum spray droplet size depends on the application for which the composition is used. If droplets are too large, there will be less coverage by the spray; i.e, large droplets will land in certain areas while areas in between will receive little or no spray coverage.
  • the maximum acceptable droplet size may depend on the amount of composition being applied per unit area and the need for uniformity in spray coverage. Smaller droplets provide more even coverage, but are more prone to drift during spraying. Thus, application parameters such as uniformity in spray coverage must be balanced against the tendency for smaller droplets to drift. For example, if it is particularly windy during spraying, larger droplets may be needed to reduce drift, whereas on a calmer day smaller droplets may be acceptable.
  • spray droplet size may also depend on the spray apparatus, e.g., nozzle size and configuration.
  • the reduction in spray drift may result from a variety of factors including a reduction in the production of fine spray droplets ( ⁇ 150 ⁇ m minimum diameter) and an increase in the volume median diameter (VMD) of the spray droplets.
  • VMD volume median diameter
  • the median diameter of the plurality of spray droplets created using the compositions and methods described herein is increased above that of a spray composition that does not include the tertiary amine oxide surfactants as described herein.
  • aqueous concentrate compositions are also described.
  • aqueous concentrate compositions are solutions containing high concentrations of the aqueous herbicidal spray components described above, i.e., a water soluble glyphosate salt, one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts, and one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions are intended to be diluted to provide aqueous herbicidal spray mixtures for use, for example, with the methods described herein.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions include from 5 to 40 weight percent of one or more water soluble salts of an auxinic herbicide, from 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and from 1 to 20 weight percent of one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions are preferably solutions containing the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactant, or mixtures thereof, dissolved or dispersed in the formulation containing the auxinic herbicide and glyphosate.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions contain 10 to 40 weight percent of the water soluble glyphosate salt; 10 to 40 weight percent of the one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts; and 1 to 18, 1 to 16, 1 to 14, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 to 1.5 weight percent of the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions contain 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30 weight percent of the water soluble glyphosate salt; 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30 weight percent of the one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts; and 1 to 18, 1 to 16, 1 to 14, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 to 1.5 weight percent of the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants.
  • the aqueous concentrate compositions can be stored in suitable containers as will be readily recognized by one of skill in the art and can be, for example, solutions, emulsions, or suspensions.
  • Aqueous solutions i.e., including both concentrates and spray solutions, containing 2,4-D and glyphosate are prone to incompatibility under certain conditions and concentrations leading to product performance issues and difficulty in using the products, i.e., difficulty with field applications of the products.
  • Incompatibility in concentrate compositions is minimized by the use of very small amounts of 2,4-D, such as less than 3 wt% ae (acid equivalent) relative to the total composition.
  • compositions described herein may contain surfactants in addition to the tertiary amine oxide surfactants mentioned herein.
  • the additional surfactants may be anionic, cationic, or nonionic in character.
  • typical surfactants include alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C 16 ethoxylate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride; ethoxylated amines, such as tallowamine ethoxylated; betaine surfactants, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine; fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamine surfactants such as cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine; alkylpolyglycoside surfactants; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; salts of mono and dialkyl
  • compositions optionally containing one or more additional compatible ingredients are provided herein.
  • additional ingredients may include, for example, one or more pesticides or other ingredients, which may be dissolved or dispersed in the composition and may be selected from acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, plant activators, plant growth regulators, and synergists.
  • any other additional ingredients providing functional utility such as, for example, dyes, stabilizers, fragrants, viscosity-lowering additives, compatibility agents, and freeze-point depressants may be included in these compositions.
  • Herbicide concentrates containing 228 grams acid equivalent per liter (g ae/L) 2,4-D choline, 240 g ae/L glyphosate dimethyl ammonium (DMA), 60 g/L propylene glycol, and 36 g/L (dry weight basis) of the indicated tertiary amine oxide surfactants were prepared as described below using the following aqueous samples of the amine oxide surfactants:
  • a 50 milliliter (mL) volumetric flask was first charged with 23.58 g of a 48.35 wt% ae of a 2,4-D choline salt solution in water. To the volumetric flask, 3.00 g of propylene glycol was added and the liquids were then blended by hand shaking the flask until the contents were homogenous. Next, 24.52 g of a 48.95 wt% ae of a glyphosate DMA solution in water was added to the flask. The volumetric flask was once again hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous.
  • the tertiary amine oxide surfactant was added (3.60 g of Aromox® C/12 solution; 6.00 g for all others) and the flask was hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous.
  • deionized water was added to fill the volumetric flask to the 50 mL mark. The sample was then blended by shaking the solution by hand until the liquid was homogenous. Seven samples containing one each of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants listed above and one concentrate containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant (i.e., control sample) were prepared in this manner.
  • Each of the herbicide concentrates were then diluted in water to make a 2.49% v/v spray solution of each by taking 11.21 mL of the herbicide concentrate, placing it into 438.80 mL of deionized water and then lightly shaking by hand until each spray sample was homogenous.
  • the eight spray solutions were sprayed using a Teejet® 8002 flat fan nozzle (Teejet Technologies; Wheaton, IL) at 40 psi (276 kiloPascal) and the spray droplet size distribution measurement was performed with a Sympatec Helos/KF high resolution laser diffraction particle sizer with an R7 lens (Sympatec GmbH; Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany).
  • the tip of the nozzle was situated 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) above the path of the laser beam of the Sympatec particle sizer.
  • the percentage of driftable fines was expressed as the volume percentage of spray droplets below 150 ⁇ m volume mean diameter (VMD) as shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Spray Droplet Analysis of Herbicide Sprays Containing Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactants Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, ⁇ m Volume Percent Driftable Fines ⁇ 150 ⁇ m VMD none (control) 155 48.1% Ammonyx® C 206 31.9% Ammonyx® MO 198 33.9% Ammonyx® MCO 204 32.4% Ammonyx® LO 200 33.5% Rhodamox® LO 201 33.0% Aromox® C/12 235 23.1% Ammonyx® DO 165 43.7%
  • Herbicide concentrates containing 114 g ae/L 2,4-D DMA, 120 g ae/L glyphosate DMA, 30 g/L propylene glycol, and 18 g/L (dry weight basis) of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants listed in Example 1 were prepared as follows. A 100 mL volumetric flask was first charged with 20.56 g of a 55.44 wt% ae 2,4-D DMA salt solution in water. To the volumetric flask, 3.00 g of propylene glycol was added and the liquids were then blended by hand shaking the flask until the contents were homogenous.
  • Each of the herbicide concentrates was then diluted in water to make a 4.99% v/v spray solution of each by taking 22.46 mL of the herbicide concentrate and placing it into 427.55 mL of deionized water and then lightly shaking by hand until each spray sample was homogenous.
  • the eight spray solutions were sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Spray Droplet Analysis of Herbicide Sprays Containing Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactants Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, ⁇ m Volume Percent Driftable Fines ⁇ 150 ⁇ m VMD none (control) 150 50.2% Ammonyx® C 225 26.9% Ammonyx® MO 230 25.5% Ammonyx® MCO 220 28.0% Ammonyx® LO 198 34.2% Rhodamox® LO 192 35.8% Aromox® C/12 235 22.3% Ammonyx® DO 159 46.0%
  • Example 3 Tank-mixed spray solution containing dicamba diglycol ammonium (DGA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant.
  • DGA dicamba diglycol ammonium
  • IPA glyphosate isopropyl ammonium
  • a tank-mixed spray solution containing dicamba diglycol ammonium (DGA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant was prepared.
  • a sample container was first charged with 276.73 mL of deionized water and then 4.56 g of 30% w/w Ammonyx® LO solution was added and mixed.
  • Rodeo® herbicide concentrate commercial 4 pounds acid equivalent per gallon (lb ae/gal) glyphosate IPA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC
  • Clarity® herbicide concentrate commercial 4 lb ae/gal dicamba DGA salt solution from BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ) were added and the sample was then shaken by hand until the mixture was homogenous ( ⁇ 1 minute).
  • the sample was sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results, along with that for a control spray sample mixed the same way, but containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant are shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Ammonyx® LO Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, ⁇ m Volume Percent Driftable Fines ⁇ 150 ⁇ m VMD none (control) 164 44.7% Ammonyx® LO 229 21.6%
  • Example 4 Tank-mixed spray solution containing triclopyr triethyl ammonium (TEA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant.
  • TAA triclopyr triethyl ammonium
  • IPA glyphosate isopropyl ammonium
  • a tank-mixed spray solution containing triclopyr triethyl ammonium (TEA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant was prepared.
  • a sample container was first charged with 275.48 mL of deionized water and then 0.79 g of 30% w/w Ammonyx® LO solution was added and mixed.
  • Rodeo® herbicide concentrate commercial 4 lb ae/gal glyphosate IPA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC
  • Garlon 3A® herbicide concentrate commercial 3 lb ae/gal triclopyr TEA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC
  • Table 4 The results, along with that for a control spray sample containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant are shown in Table 4.
  • Table 4 Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Ammonyx® LO Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, ⁇ m Volume Percent Driftable Fines ⁇ 150 ⁇ m VMD none (control) 158 47.2% Ammonyx® LO 240 24.1%
  • Example 5 Concentrate Containing Tomamine® AO-728 Special
  • a glyphosate/2,4-D concentrate formulation was prepared by blending 22.01 g of 2,4-D choline concentrate (44.30 wt% acid equivalent (ae)), 3.0 g propylene glycol, 21.22 g of glyphosate DMA concentrate (48.30 wt% ae), 3.53 g of Tomamine® AO-728 Special (50% active linear alkylpropylamine oxide, 1.77 g active; AirProducts; Allentown, PA), and sufficient water to charge a 50 mL volumetric flask.
  • the formulation contained 205 g/L glyphosate DMA (ae) and 195 g/L 2,4-D choline (ae).
  • the resulting herbicide concentrate was then diluted in deionized water to make a 4.38% (vol/vol) spray solution in a similar manner as described in Example 1.
  • the spray solution was sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1.
  • Table 5 Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Tomamine® AO-728 Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, ⁇ m Volume Percent Driftable Fines ⁇ 150 ⁇ m VMD none (control)* 148 51.1% Tomamine® AO-728 Special 201 34.0%
  • the control sample was prepared using glyphosate DMA and 2,4-D choline.

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Description

    BACKGROUND
  • Agricultural spraying by economical and available technologies uses hydraulic spray nozzles that inherently produce a wide spectrum of spray droplet sizes. The potential for these spray droplets to drift from the initial, desired site of application is found to be a function of droplet size, with smaller droplets having a higher propensity for off-target movement. Significant research efforts, involving numerous field trials, wind tunnel tests and subsequent generation of predictive math models have led to a greatly enhanced understanding of the relationship between spray droplet size and potential for off-target drift. Although other factors such as meteorological conditions and spray boom height contribute to the potential for drift, spray droplet size distribution has been found to be a predominant factor. Teske et. al. (Teske M. E., Hewitt A. J., Valcore, D. L. 2004. The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions ILASS Americas 17th Annual Conference: Arlington VA) have reported a value of <156 microns (µm) as the fraction of the spray droplet distribution that contributes to drift. Robert Wolf (Wolf, R. E., Minimizing Spray Drift, December 15, 1997, Microsoft® PowerPoint Presentation, available at www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/drift.htm, last viewed September 6, 2011) cites a value of <200 µm as the driftable fraction. A good estimation of droplet size likely to contribute to drift, therefore, is the fraction below about 150 µm.
  • The negative consequences of off-target movement can be quite pronounced. Some herbicides have demonstrated very sensitive phytotoxicity to particular plant species at extremely low parts per million (ppm) or even parts per billion (ppb) levels, resulting in restricted applications around sensitive crops, orchards, and residential plantings. For example, the California Dept of Pesticide Regulation imposes buffers of ½ - 2 miles for propanil containing herbicides applied aerially in the San Joaquin valley.
    Viscoelastic systems for drift reduction of pesticidal formulations comprising cationic nitrogen-based surfactants are described in WO 2010/026127 A1 . Thickened glyphosate formulations comprising nitrogen-containing surfactants are described in WO 2010/020599 A1 .
    • SUMMARY
  • Spray drift during application can be reduced by incorporating certain tertiary amine oxide surfactants into an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture containing glyphosate and an auxinic herbicide. Methods and compositions to reduce spray drift during the application of an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture are described herein. The methods to reduce spray drift during the application of an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture containing glyphosate and an auxinic herbicide include incorporating into the aqueous herbicidal spray mixture from 0.02 to 2 weight percent of a tertiary amine oxide surfactant of the formula:
    Figure imgb0001
     wherein R4 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula:
    Figure imgb0002
     wherein R7 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl, and
    R5 and R6 independently are straight or branched chain (C1-C18) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula:
    Figure imgb0003
     wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, or mixtures thereof.
  • Additionally, aqueous concentrate compositions are described that include from 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of at least one auxinic herbicide, 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and from 1 to 20 weight percent of one or more of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants, wherein the cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide are selected from the group consisting of isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • Methods and compositions to reduce spray drift are described herein. The methods and compositions reduce the amount of driftable fines of a herbicide spray in both aerial and ground spray applications. The methods include the use of compositions incorporating tertiary amine oxide surfactants, or mixtures thereof, into aqueous herbicidal spray mixtures containing a water soluble glyphosate salt and at least one water soluble auxinic herbicide salt. Particularly useful auxinic herbicides to which this method applies include clopyralid, triclopyr, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, MCPA, MCPB, dicamba, aminopyralid, and picloram. The methods described herein are most particularly useful for the application of herbicides that are subject to restricted applications around sensitive crops such as spray mixtures containing glyphosate and 2,4-D, triclopyr or dicamba.
  • Suitable cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide used in the spray mixtures described herein include isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, dimethylethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline. In the aqueous concentrates according to the present invention the cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide are selexcted from the group consisting of isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
  • The tertiary amine oxide surfactants useful with the methods and compositions described herein may be prepared from petroleum derived raw materials or from naturally derived raw materials such as, for example, vegetable, animal, algae, or seed oils, or from combinations of petroleum derived or naturally derived raw materials.
  • As used herein tertiary amine oxide surfactants refer to trialkyl amine oxides of the formula
    Figure imgb0004
     wherein R4 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula
    Figure imgb0005
     wherein R7 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl, and R5 and R6 independently are straight or branched chain (C1-C18) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula
    Figure imgb0006
     wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20, or mixtures thereof. Examples of useful tertiary amine oxide surfactants include those found in the following products such as, for example, Ammonyx® C (R4 is cocoalkyl; R5 and R6 are methyl), Ammonyx® MO (R4 is straight chain C14 alkyl; R5 and R6 are methyl), Ammonyx® MCO (R4 is indicated to be predominantly a mixture of straight chain C14 and C16 alkyls; R5 and R6 are methyl), and Ammonyx® LO (R4 is straight chain C12 alkyl; R5 and R6 are methyl) (the Ammonyx® line of products are available from Stepan Company, Northfield, IL); Rhodamox® LO (R4 is indicated to be predominantly a mixture of straight chain C12 and C14 alkyls; R5 and R6 are methyl) (Rhodia-Novecare; Cranbury, NJ); Aromox® C/12 (R4 is cocoalkyl; R5 and R6 are 2-hydroxethyl) (the Aromox® line of products are available from AkzoNobel, Chicago, IL); and the Tomamine® AO series of surfactants such as, for example, Tomamine® AO-728 (R4 is linear alkyletherpropyl; R5 and R6 are 2-hydroxethyl) (the Tomamine® AO series of surfactants are available from Air Products, Allentown, PA).
  • The tertiary amine oxide surfactant, and mixtures thereof, can be incorporated into the aqueous herbicidal spray mixture, for example, by being tank-mixed directly with the diluted herbicidal formulation. The tertiary amine oxide surfactant, and mixtures thereof, may be incorporated into the aqueous spray mixture at a concentration from 0.02 to 2 weight percent of the final spray mixture, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 weight percent of the final spray mixture, and most preferably from 0.05 to 0.2 weight percent of the final spray mixture.
  • The optimum spray droplet size depends on the application for which the composition is used. If droplets are too large, there will be less coverage by the spray; i.e, large droplets will land in certain areas while areas in between will receive little or no spray coverage. The maximum acceptable droplet size may depend on the amount of composition being applied per unit area and the need for uniformity in spray coverage. Smaller droplets provide more even coverage, but are more prone to drift during spraying. Thus, application parameters such as uniformity in spray coverage must be balanced against the tendency for smaller droplets to drift. For example, if it is particularly windy during spraying, larger droplets may be needed to reduce drift, whereas on a calmer day smaller droplets may be acceptable.
  • In addition to the physical properties of a particular aqueous composition, spray droplet size may also depend on the spray apparatus, e.g., nozzle size and configuration. The reduction in spray drift may result from a variety of factors including a reduction in the production of fine spray droplets (<150 µm minimum diameter) and an increase in the volume median diameter (VMD) of the spray droplets. In any event, for a given spray apparatus, application, and conditions, and based on the tertiary amine oxide surfactant used, the median diameter of the plurality of spray droplets created using the compositions and methods described herein is increased above that of a spray composition that does not include the tertiary amine oxide surfactants as described herein.
  • In addition to the methods described above, aqueous concentrate compositions are also described. As used herein aqueous concentrate compositions are solutions containing high concentrations of the aqueous herbicidal spray components described above, i.e., a water soluble glyphosate salt, one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts, and one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants. The aqueous concentrate compositions are intended to be diluted to provide aqueous herbicidal spray mixtures for use, for example, with the methods described herein. The aqueous concentrate compositions include from 5 to 40 weight percent of one or more water soluble salts of an auxinic herbicide, from 5 to 40 weight percent of a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and from 1 to 20 weight percent of one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants. The aqueous concentrate compositions are preferably solutions containing the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactant, or mixtures thereof, dissolved or dispersed in the formulation containing the auxinic herbicide and glyphosate. Preferably the aqueous concentrate compositions contain 10 to 40 weight percent of the water soluble glyphosate salt; 10 to 40 weight percent of the one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts; and 1 to 18, 1 to 16, 1 to 14, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 to 1.5 weight percent of the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants. Most preferably the aqueous concentrate compositions contain 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30 weight percent of the water soluble glyphosate salt; 15 to 30, 20 to 30, or 25 to 30 weight percent of the one or more water soluble auxinic herbicide salts; and 1 to 18, 1 to 16, 1 to 14, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 1 to 7, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 to 1.5 weight percent of the one or more tertiary amine oxide surfactants. The aqueous concentrate compositions can be stored in suitable containers as will be readily recognized by one of skill in the art and can be, for example, solutions, emulsions, or suspensions.
  • Aqueous solutions, i.e., including both concentrates and spray solutions, containing 2,4-D and glyphosate are prone to incompatibility under certain conditions and concentrations leading to product performance issues and difficulty in using the products, i.e., difficulty with field applications of the products. Incompatibility in concentrate compositions is minimized by the use of very small amounts of 2,4-D, such as less than 3 wt% ae (acid equivalent) relative to the total composition. High-strength aqueous compositions of certain organo ammonium salts of 2,4-D and glyphosate where the weight ratio (ae basis) of the 2,4-D salt to the glyphosate salt is from 2.3:1 to 1:2.3 and the compositions may contain up to or greater than 450 g ae/L of total active ingredients are described in U.S. Application Serial No.12/763,566 . These compositions are generally homogeneous and free-flowing at temperatures ranging from 54 °C to -10°C.
  • Optionally, the compositions described herein may contain surfactants in addition to the tertiary amine oxide surfactants mentioned herein. The additional surfactants may be anionic, cationic, or nonionic in character. Examples of typical surfactants include alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol-C16 ethoxylate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride; ethoxylated amines, such as tallowamine ethoxylated; betaine surfactants, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine; fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamine surfactants such as cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine; alkylpolyglycoside surfactants; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters; and mixtures thereof. The additional surfactant or mixture of surfactants is usually present at a concentration of from 0.5 to 20 weight percent of the formulation.
  • Additionally, compositions optionally containing one or more additional compatible ingredients are provided herein. These additional ingredients may include, for example, one or more pesticides or other ingredients, which may be dissolved or dispersed in the composition and may be selected from acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, herbicide safeners, insect attractants, insect repellents, plant activators, plant growth regulators, and synergists. Also, any other additional ingredients providing functional utility such as, for example, dyes, stabilizers, fragrants, viscosity-lowering additives, compatibility agents, and freeze-point depressants may be included in these compositions.
  • The following Examples are presented to illustrate various aspects of the compositions and methods described herein.
    • Examples Example 1: Herbicide Spray Samples
  • Herbicide concentrates containing 228 grams acid equivalent per liter (g ae/L) 2,4-D choline, 240 g ae/L glyphosate dimethyl ammonium (DMA), 60 g/L propylene glycol, and 36 g/L (dry weight basis) of the indicated tertiary amine oxide surfactants were prepared as described below using the following aqueous samples of the amine oxide surfactants:
    1. 1. Ammonyx® C, 30% w/w cocoalkyldimethylamine oxide in water
    2. 2. Ammonyx® MO, 30% weight/weight (w/w) myristyldimethylamine oxide in water
    3. 3. Ammonyx® MCO, 30% w/w (C14 and C16) linear alkyldimethylamine oxide in water
    4. 4. Ammonyx® LO, 30% w/w lauryldimethylamine oxide in water
    5. 5. Rhodamox® LO, 30% w/w (C12 and C14) linear alkyldimethylamine oxide in water
    6. 6. Aromox® C/12, 50% w/w dihydroxyethyl cocoalkylamine oxide in water
    7. 7. Ammonyx® DO, 30% w/w decyldimethylamine oxide in water
    [Ammonyx® products are available from Stepan Company (Northfield, IL); Rhodamox® products are available from Rhodia-Novecare (Cranbury, NJ); and Aromox® C/12 is available from AkzoNobel (Chicago, IL).]
  • A 50 milliliter (mL) volumetric flask was first charged with 23.58 g of a 48.35 wt% ae of a 2,4-D choline salt solution in water. To the volumetric flask, 3.00 g of propylene glycol was added and the liquids were then blended by hand shaking the flask until the contents were homogenous. Next, 24.52 g of a 48.95 wt% ae of a glyphosate DMA solution in water was added to the flask. The volumetric flask was once again hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous. Next, the tertiary amine oxide surfactant was added (3.60 g of Aromox® C/12 solution; 6.00 g for all others) and the flask was hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous. Lastly, deionized water was added to fill the volumetric flask to the 50 mL mark. The sample was then blended by shaking the solution by hand until the liquid was homogenous. Seven samples containing one each of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants listed above and one concentrate containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant (i.e., control sample) were prepared in this manner.
  • Each of the herbicide concentrates were then diluted in water to make a 2.49% v/v spray solution of each by taking 11.21 mL of the herbicide concentrate, placing it into 438.80 mL of deionized water and then lightly shaking by hand until each spray sample was homogenous. The eight spray solutions were sprayed using a Teejet® 8002 flat fan nozzle (Teejet Technologies; Wheaton, IL) at 40 psi (276 kiloPascal) and the spray droplet size distribution measurement was performed with a Sympatec Helos/KF high resolution laser diffraction particle sizer with an R7 lens (Sympatec GmbH; Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany). The tip of the nozzle was situated 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) above the path of the laser beam of the Sympatec particle sizer. The percentage of driftable fines was expressed as the volume percentage of spray droplets below 150 µm volume mean diameter (VMD) as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Spray Droplet Analysis of Herbicide Sprays Containing Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactants
    Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, µm Volume Percent Driftable Fines < 150 µm VMD
    none (control) 155 48.1%
    Ammonyx® C 206 31.9%
    Ammonyx® MO 198 33.9%
    Ammonyx® MCO 204 32.4%
    Ammonyx® LO 200 33.5%
    Rhodamox® LO 201 33.0%
    Aromox® C/12 235 23.1%
    Ammonyx® DO 165 43.7%
    • Example 2: Herbicide Concentrates
  • Herbicide concentrates containing 114 g ae/L 2,4-D DMA, 120 g ae/L glyphosate DMA, 30 g/L propylene glycol, and 18 g/L (dry weight basis) of the tertiary amine oxide surfactants listed in Example 1 were prepared as follows. A 100 mL volumetric flask was first charged with 20.56 g of a 55.44 wt% ae 2,4-D DMA salt solution in water. To the volumetric flask, 3.00 g of propylene glycol was added and the liquids were then blended by hand shaking the flask until the contents were homogenous. Next, 24.52 g of a 48.95 wt% ae glyphosate DMA salt solution in water were added to the flask. The volumetric flask was once again hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous. Next, the tertiary amine oxide surfactant was added (3.60 g of Aromox® C/12; 6.00 g for all others) and the flask was hand shaken until the contents were blended and homogenous. Lastly, deionized water was added to fill the volumetric flask to the 100 mL mark. The sample was then blended by shaking the solution by hand until the liquid was homogenous. Seven samples containing the tertiary amine oxide surfactants listed above and one concentrate containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant (i.e., control sample) were prepared in this manner.
  • Each of the herbicide concentrates was then diluted in water to make a 4.99% v/v spray solution of each by taking 22.46 mL of the herbicide concentrate and placing it into 427.55 mL of deionized water and then lightly shaking by hand until each spray sample was homogenous. The eight spray solutions were sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Spray Droplet Analysis of Herbicide Sprays Containing Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactants
    Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, µm Volume Percent Driftable Fines < 150 µm VMD
    none (control) 150 50.2%
    Ammonyx® C 225 26.9%
    Ammonyx® MO 230 25.5%
    Ammonyx® MCO 220 28.0%
    Ammonyx® LO 198 34.2%
    Rhodamox® LO 192 35.8%
    Aromox® C/12 235 22.3%
    Ammonyx® DO 159 46.0%
    • Example 3: Tank-mixed spray solution containing dicamba diglycol ammonium (DGA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant.
  • A tank-mixed spray solution containing dicamba diglycol ammonium (DGA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant was prepared. A sample container was first charged with 276.73 mL of deionized water and then 4.56 g of 30% w/w Ammonyx® LO solution was added and mixed. Next, 11.22 mL of Rodeo® herbicide concentrate (commercial 4 pounds acid equivalent per gallon (lb ae/gal) glyphosate IPA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC) and 7.49 mL of Clarity® herbicide concentrate (commercial 4 lb ae/gal dicamba DGA salt solution from BASF Corporation (Florham Park, NJ) were added and the sample was then shaken by hand until the mixture was homogenous (< 1 minute). The sample was sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results, along with that for a control spray sample mixed the same way, but containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Ammonyx® LO
    Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, µm Volume Percent Driftable Fines < 150 µm VMD
    none (control) 164 44.7%
    Ammonyx® LO 229 21.6%
    • Example 4: Tank-mixed spray solution containing triclopyr triethyl ammonium (TEA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant.
  • A tank-mixed spray solution containing triclopyr triethyl ammonium (TEA) salt, glyphosate isopropyl ammonium (IPA) salt, and a tertiary amine oxide surfactant was prepared. A sample container was first charged with 275.48 mL of deionized water and then 0.79 g of 30% w/w Ammonyx® LO solution was added and mixed. Next, 8.73 mL of Rodeo® herbicide concentrate (commercial 4 lb ae/gal glyphosate IPA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC) and 15.0 mL of Garlon 3A® herbicide concentrate (commercial 3 lb ae/gal triclopyr TEA salt solution from Dow AgroSciences, LLC) were added and the sample was then shaken by hand until the mixture was homogenous (< 1 minute). The sample was sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results, along with that for a control spray sample containing no tertiary amine oxide surfactant are shown in Table 4. Table 4: Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Ammonyx® LO
    Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, µm Volume Percent Driftable Fines < 150 µm VMD
    none (control) 158 47.2%
    Ammonyx® LO 240 24.1%
    • Example 5: Concentrate Containing Tomamine® AO-728 Special
  • A glyphosate/2,4-D concentrate formulation was prepared by blending 22.01 g of 2,4-D choline concentrate (44.30 wt% acid equivalent (ae)), 3.0 g propylene glycol, 21.22 g of glyphosate DMA concentrate (48.30 wt% ae), 3.53 g of Tomamine® AO-728 Special (50% active linear alkylpropylamine oxide, 1.77 g active; AirProducts; Allentown, PA), and sufficient water to charge a 50 mL volumetric flask. The formulation contained 205 g/L glyphosate DMA (ae) and 195 g/L 2,4-D choline (ae).
  • The resulting herbicide concentrate was then diluted in deionized water to make a 4.38% (vol/vol) spray solution in a similar manner as described in Example 1. The spray solution was sprayed using the same procedure and technique described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Spray Droplet Analysis of a Herbicide Spray Containing Tomamine® AO-728
    Tertiary Amine Oxide Surfactant Spray Droplet VMD, µm Volume Percent Driftable Fines < 150 µm VMD
    none (control)* 148 51.1%
    Tomamine® AO-728 Special 201 34.0%
    The control sample was prepared using glyphosate DMA and 2,4-D choline.

Claims (11)

  1. A method to reduce spray drift during the application of an aqueous herbicidal spray mixture containing glyphosate and an auxinic herbicide comprising incorporating into the aqueous herbicidal spray mixture from 0.02 to 2 weight percent of a tertiary amine oxide surfactant of the formula:
    Figure imgb0007
    wherein R4 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula:
    Figure imgb0008
    wherein R7 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl, and
    R5 and R6 independently are straight or branched chain (C1-C18) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula:
    Figure imgb0009
    wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20,
    or mixtures thereof.
  2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the auxinic herbicide is a water soluble salt of 2,4-D, a water soluble salt of triclopyr, a water soluble salt of dicamba, or mixtures thereof.
  3. An aqueous concentrate composition comprising of a water soluble salt of at least one auxinic herbicide, a water soluble salt of glyphosate, and from 1 to 20 weight percent of a tertiary amine oxide surfactant, wherein the tertiary amine oxide surfactant comprises a tertiary amine oxide surfactant of the formula:
    Figure imgb0010
    wherein R4 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl or an alkyletherpropyl of the formula:
    Figure imgb0011
    wherein R7 is a straight or branched chain (C10-C18) alkyl, and
    R5 and R6 independently are straight or branched chain (C1-C18) alkyl or ethoxylates or propoxylates of the formula:
    Figure imgb0012
    wherein n is an integer from 1 to 20,
    or mixtures thereof,
    wherein the amount of the water soluble salt of the at least one auxinic herbicide is 5 to 40 weight percent and the amount of the water soluble salt of glyphosate is 5 to 40 weight percent, and
    wherein the cations contained in the water soluble salt of glyphosate and the water soluble salt of the auxinic herbicide are selected from the group consisting of isopropyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, monoethanol ammonium, diethanol ammonium, triethanol ammonium, diethyleneglycol ammonium, triisopropanol ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, and choline.
  4. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is a water soluble salt of 2,4-D.
  5. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is 2,4-D choline salt.
  6. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium salt.
  7. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is 2,4-D choline salt or 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium salt and the glyphosate is glyphosate dimethyl ammonium salt or glyphosate isopropyl ammonium salt.
  8. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the tertiary amine oxide surfactant is lauryldimethylamine oxide.
  9. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is 2,4-D choline salt or 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium salt, the glyphosate is glyphosate dimethyl ammonium salt or glyphosate isopropyl ammonium salt, and the tertiary amine oxide surfactant is a lauryldimethylamine oxide.
  10. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is 2,4-D choline salt, the glyphosate is glyphosate dimethyl ammonium salt, and the tertiary amine oxide surfactant is a lauryldimethylamine oxide.
  11. The method of claim 1 or the aqueous concentrate composition of claim 3, wherein the auxinic herbicide is a salt of 2,4-D and the weight ratio of the 2,4-D salt to the glyphosate salt is from 2.3:1 to 1:2.3.
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