EP2612969B1 - Mikrofaserhaltige faserverstärkte Seitenmatten und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Mikrofaserhaltige faserverstärkte Seitenmatten und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2612969B1
EP2612969B1 EP13000048.2A EP13000048A EP2612969B1 EP 2612969 B1 EP2612969 B1 EP 2612969B1 EP 13000048 A EP13000048 A EP 13000048A EP 2612969 B1 EP2612969 B1 EP 2612969B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
fibers
reinforced composite
mat
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13000048.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2612969A3 (de
EP2612969A2 (de
Inventor
Glenda Beth Bennett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Manville
Original Assignee
Johns Manville
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johns Manville filed Critical Johns Manville
Publication of EP2612969A2 publication Critical patent/EP2612969A2/de
Publication of EP2612969A3 publication Critical patent/EP2612969A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2612969B1 publication Critical patent/EP2612969B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
    • D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to construction materials used in building construction, including fiber-reinforced composite faced construction board, such as gypsum board.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite facers on exposed surfaces of the construction board may include a glass fiber mat made from a blend of large and small diameter glass fibers bonded together with a binder, such as an organic or inorganic binder.
  • US 7842629 B2 discloses a gypsum board comprising as a facer a non-woven fibrous mat having two groups of fibers of different diameters and an air permeability of 7079.209 liter/0.0929 m 2 (250 cfm/ft 2 ) or more.
  • Wallboard formed of a gypsum core sandwiched between facing layers is used in the construction of virtually every modern building.
  • the material is employed as a surface for walls and ceilings and the like, both interior and exterior. It is relatively easy and inexpensive to install, finish, and maintain, and in suitable forms, is relatively fire resistant.
  • Paper-faced wallboard (e.g., gypsum wallboard) is commonly used for finishing interior walls and ceilings.
  • Gypsum wallboard and gypsum panels are traditionally manufactured by a continuous process. In this process, a gypsum slurry is generated and deposited on a continuously advancing, lower facing sheet, such as kraft paper. A continuously advancing upper facing sheet is laid over the gypsum and the edges of the upper and lower facing sheets are pasted to each other with a suitable adhesive. The facing sheets and gypsum slurry are passed between parallel upper and lower forming plates or rolls in order to generate an integrated and continuous flat strip of unset gypsum sandwiched between the sheets.
  • Such a flat strip of unset gypsum is known as a facing or liner.
  • the strip is conveyed over a series of continuous moving belts and rollers for a period of several minutes, during which time the core begins to hydrate.
  • the process is conventionally termed "setting,” since the rehydrated gypsum is relatively hard.
  • the strip is stressed in a way that can cause the facing to delaminate from the gypsum core if its adhesion is not sufficient.
  • paper While paper is widely used as a facing material for gypsum board products because of its low cost, many applications demand water resistance that paper facing cannot provide. Upon exposure to water either directly in liquid form or indirectly through exposure to high humidity, paper is highly prone to degradation, such as by delamination, that substantially compromises its mechanical strength. Gypsum products typically rely on the integrity of the facing as a major contributor to their structural strength. Consequently, paper-faced products are generally not suited for exterior or other building uses in which exposure to moisture conditions is presumed.
  • the paper facing of conventional gypsum board contains wood pulp and other organic materials that may act in the presence of moisture or high humidity as nutrients for such microbial growth. A satisfactory alternative facing material less susceptible to growth is highly sought.
  • a further drawback of paper-faced gypsum board is flame resistance.
  • the exposed paper facing quickly burns away.
  • the board's mechanical strength is greatly impaired.
  • the board is highly likely to collapse, permitting fire to spread to the underlying framing members and adjacent areas of a building, with obvious and serious consequences.
  • a board having a facing less susceptible to burning would at least survive longer in a fire and thus be highly desirable in protecting both people and property.
  • gypsum board products incorporating the fibrous mats have proven to have certain drawbacks: Some persons are found to be quite sensitive to the fiberglass mat, and develop skin irritations and abrasions when exposed to the mat at various stages, including the initial production of the mat, the manufacture of composite gypsum board with the mat facing, and during the cutting, handling, and fastening operations (e.g., with nails or screws) that attend installation of the end product during building construction. Handling of the mat, and especially cutting, is believed to release glass fibers responsible for the irritation.
  • the fibers may either become airborne or be transferred by direct contact.
  • workers are generally forced to wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants and to use protective equipment such as dust masks. Such measures are especially unpleasant in the sweaty, hot and humid conditions often encountered either in manufacturing facilities or on a construction jobsite.
  • making the construction board may involve the deposition of a relatively wet slurry onto the fiber-reinforced mat, which is generally found to result in considerable intrusion of the slurry through the mat and onto the faced surface. Prevention of this excess intrusion typically requires very careful control of the slurry viscosity, which, in turn, frequently leads to other production problems.
  • Alternative mats, which inherently limit intrusion, yet still have sufficient permeability to permit water to escape during the formation and heat drying of the construction board are thus eagerly sought as a simpler alternative.
  • Fiber-reinforced composite mats for use in construction board and other building materials are described, as well as processes of making the mats, boards, and materials.
  • the mat-faced construction boards may have one or more of a smoother surface, a stronger internal bond to prevent delamination of the facer when subjected to prolonged wetness after installation, a surface requiring less paint to produce an aesthetically acceptable finished wall, etc., and better flame and mold resistance.
  • Exemplary fiber-reinforced composite mats may include a blend of large and small fibers to give the mats lower air permeability than conventional mats for construction board facer applications.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite mats may be used as facers for construction board, such a gypsum board having a layer of set gypsum with a first face and a second face and the fiber-reinforced composite mat affixed as a facer to at least one of the faces.
  • the gypsum board may be used for a number of purposes in building construction, such as a surface material for walls and ceilings and as an underlayment for floors, roofs, and the like.
  • the present construction board may find application in both interior and exterior environments. As a result of the selection of fibers in the facing, the board has a smooth, uniform surface that readily accepts paint or other surface treatments to provide a pleasing aesthetic appearance.
  • the low air permeability of the mats (typically less than 7079.209 liter/0.0929 m 2 at 1,27 cm of water (250 cfm/ft 2 at 0.5" w.c) reduces bleedthrough from aqueous slurries of construction materials applied to the mat. These slurries may include calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate, and/or hydraulic setting cement that are often used to make gypsum board, among other construction board materials.
  • the low air permeability of the mats permits slurry compositions with lower viscosity to be applied without increasing the rate at which the slurry bleeds through the mat to create a rough, uneven surface on the exposed faces of the construction board.
  • Embodiments of the invention include fiber-reinforced composite mats that include a non-woven web of fibers.
  • the web of fibers may include a first group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from about 8 ⁇ m to about 25 ⁇ m, and a second group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from about 0.5 ⁇ m to about 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • a binder bonds together the non-woven web of fibers into the fiber reinforced composite having an air permeability of less than 7079.209 liter/0.0929 m 2 at 1,27 cm of water (250 cfm/ft 2 )
  • Embodiments of the invention further include gypsum board having at least one fiber-reinforced composite facers affixed to at least one surface of the gypsum board.
  • the fiber-reinforced facer may include a non-woven web of fibers, wherein the fibers may be a blend of a first group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from 8 ⁇ m to ⁇ m, and a second group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • the fiber-reinforced facers may also include a binder that bonds together the non-woven web of fibers into the fiber reinforced composite.
  • the composite may have an air permeability of less than 7079.209 liter/0.0929 cm 2 (250 cfm/ft 2 )
  • Embodiments of the invention still further include processes for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced composite.
  • the processes may include blending a first group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m with a second group of fibers having an average fiber diameter from 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m to form a non-woven web of fibers.
  • the non-woven web of fibers may be contacted with a binder solution to form a wet mat, which may be cured to form a fiber-reinforced composite mat.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite mat may have an air permeability of less than 7079.209 liter/0.0929 cm 2 (250 cfm/ft 2 ).
  • an aqueous slurry may be applied to a surface of the fiber-reinforced composite mat.
  • the slurry may include one or more materials such as calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate, and hydraulic setting cement.
  • a first facer made of the above-described fiber-reinforced composite mat may be provided, and the aqueous slurry may be distributed on the first facer to form a layer.
  • a second facer (which may be made of the same fiber-reinforced composite mat as the first facer or a different material) may be applied on top of the layer to form a laminate.
  • the laminate may be cut into specified lengths, which may be dried to form dried pieces that have a smoothness sufficient to be directly painted. Exemplary dried pieces include interior gypsum board for building construction.
  • Construction boards (such as hydraulic set and cementitious board) are described having front and back large surfaces, at least one of which is faced with a fiber-reinforced composite mat.
  • hydraulic set is meant a material capable of hardening to form a cementitious compound in the presence of water.
  • Typical hydraulic set materials include gypsum, Portland cement, pozzolanic materials, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown generally at 30 a sectional view across the width direction of one embodiment of a fiber-reinforced composite mat-faced construction board.
  • the board has a layer of set gypsum 28 which is sandwiched between first and second fibrous mats 14, 20, and bonded thereto.
  • Two right-angled folds are formed in each lateral edge of first mat 14, a first upward fold and a second inward fold. The two folds are separated by a small distance, whereby the thickness of board is generally determined.
  • the second folds define longitudinally extending strips 16 and 18 that are substantially parallel to the main part of the mat.
  • a second fibrous mat 20 covers the other side of the set gypsum core 28.
  • second mat 20 The respective lateral edges of second mat 20 are affixed to strips 16 and 18, preferably with adhesive 22, 23.
  • board 30 is installed with the side bearing mat 14 facing a finished space.
  • the board is advantageously ready for painting, but other finishing forms such as plaster, wallpaper or other known wall coverings may also be applied with a minimum of surface preparation.
  • the mats for one or both of the large faces of the gypsum board may include a non-woven web bonded together with a resinous binder.
  • the web comprises chopped continuous glass fibers, that may be a blend of larger diameter fibers (e.g., chopped strand fibers, staple fibers) and smaller diameter fibers (e.g., microfibers).
  • the larger diameter fibers may have an average fiber diameter of 7 ⁇ m or more.
  • Exemplary size ranges for the larger diameter fibers may include 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, ⁇ 12 ⁇ m to 14 ⁇ m, 13 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the smaller diameter fibers may have an average size range of less than 7 ⁇ m. Exemplary size ranges for the smaller diameter fibers from 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, 2.5 ⁇ m, etc
  • Embodiments include blending a larger quantity of the larger diameter fibers with a smaller quantity of the smaller diameter fibers to make the non-woven fiber web.
  • the larger diameter fibers may make up more than half the total weight of the fiber blend in the web.
  • Exemplary quantities of the larger diameter fibers may include 70 wt.% to 90 wt.% of the total weight of the fibers (e.g., 80 wt.%).
  • Exemplary quantities of the smaller diameter fibers may include 10 wt.% to 30 wt.% of the total weight of the fibers (e.g., 20 wt.%).
  • the fiber length of the larger diameter fibers and the smaller diameter fibers used in the blend may be the same or different. Exemplary fiber lengths may include 6 mm to 18 mm.
  • the web of fibers may also include fibers that are broken into two or more pieces and small glass fibers (e.g., less than 1 mm), chips, and flakes.
  • the web of fibers may include chopped strand fibers, staple fibers, or both.
  • Staple fibers are usually made by processes such as rotary fiberization or flame attenuation of molten glass. They typically have a wider range of lengths and fiber diameters than chopped strand fibers.
  • Surfaces of the present construction boards may have an improved "hand,” i.e., an improved subjective feel, and better accepts surface treatments because of its greater smoothness.
  • the present boards may be finished to provide an aesthetic and functional surface with less paint and the associated labor to prepare the surface and apply the paint or other desired finish, wallpaper or other coating, or the like.
  • the glass used in the fibers of the present webs may include one or more types of glass selected from the group consisting of E, C, and T type and sodium borosilicate glasses, and mixtures thereof.
  • C glass typically has a soda-lime-borosilicate composition that provides it with enhanced chemical stability in corrosive environments
  • T glass usually has a magnesium aluminosilicate composition and especially high tensile strength in filament form.
  • E glass which is sometimes called electrical glass, generally has a calcium aluminoborosilicate composition and a maximum alkali content of about 2.0%.
  • the chopped fibers of larger average diameter can have varying lengths, but more commonly are substantially of similar length.
  • E glass fiber has sufficiently high strength and other mechanical properties to produce acceptable mats and is relatively low in cost and widely available.
  • Exemplary sizes of E glass fibers may include an average fiber diameter of 9 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m, and a length ranging from 6 to 12 mm.
  • the aforementioned glass fibers may be bound together with an organic or inorganic binder.
  • This may include flame and water resistant resinous binders such as urea formaldehyde, modified urea formaldehyde, acrylic resins, melamine resins, homopolymers or copolymers of polyacrylic acid; crosslinking acrylic copolymers (e.g., acrylic copolymers having a glass transition temperature (GTT) of at least 25°C); crosslinked vinyl chloride acrylate copolymers (e.g., copolymers having a GTT of 113°C or less), among other types of binders.
  • GTT glass transition temperature
  • a lower GTT may promote better softness and smoothness of the mat surface, but tensile strength may be improved with a higher GTT.
  • Exemplary GTT may range from 15°C to 45°C.
  • Exemplary binder systems may further include aqueous modified and plasticized urea formaldehyde resin binders.
  • the binder may include an effective amount of a water repellant to limit the intrusion of aqueous slurry during board production.
  • vinyl acrylate latex copolymers may further incorporate stearylated melamine for improvement in water repellency.
  • Exemplary concentrations of the stearylated melamine may include 3 wt. % to 10 wt. %, (e.g., 6 wt. %).
  • Aqueous stearylated melamine emulsions are available commercially from Omnova Solutions Inc., under the tradename SEQUAPELTM 409. The stearylated melamine is in liquid form having a solids content of about 40 wt.
  • construction board faced with fiber-reinforced composite mat that incorporates a water repellant in the binder may also be more resistant to abrasion than similar mats that don't use a water repellant.
  • Exemplary binders for the fiber-reinforced composite mats may include an acrylate copolymer binder latex with a GTT of about 25°C. These binders are commercially available from Noveon, Inc. of Cleveland, Ohio, under the tradename HycarTM 26138. As delivered, this acrylate copolymer latex has a solids content of about 50 weight percent solids, and in some instances may be diluted with water to a concentration about 25 wt. percent solids before being applied to the web of fibers.
  • a crosslinker may be added to the acrylate binder system, such as a melamine formaldehyde crosslinker in a concentration of up to about 10 wt.% (e.g., 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% of the binder solution weight).
  • the webs of fibers bound with the acrylate copolymer latex is smoother and the mat thinner for equivalent weight and properties than with other known binders.
  • the binder systems do not require fluorochemical emulsions, which can be expensive.
  • the amount of acrylate copolymer latex binder (and any optional crosslinker) left in the wet mat during manufacture can be determined by a loss on ignition (LOI) test, the result thereof being specified as a percentage of the dry weight of the finished mat.
  • LOI loss on ignition
  • Exemplary amounts of binder in the final mat, based on its dry weight, may range from 15 wt.% to 35 wt.% (e.g., 20 wt.% to 30 wt.%; 25 ⁇ 2.5 wt.%, etc.).
  • the upper limit may be dictated by process constraints and cost, while the minimum is required for adequate tensile strength.
  • the fiber-reinforced mats may further contain fillers, pigments, or other inert or active ingredients either throughout the mat or concentrated on a surface.
  • the mat may contain effective amounts of fine particles of limestone, glass, clay, coloring pigments, biocide, fungicide, intumescent material, or mixtures thereof.
  • additives may be added for known structural, functional, or aesthetic qualities imparted thereby. These qualities include coloration, modification of the structure or texture of the surface, resistance to mold or fungus formation, and fire resistance. Flame retardants sufficient to provide flame resistance may be added (e.g., ASTM Standard E84, Class 1, by the American Society for the Testing of Materials).
  • a biocide may added to the mat and/or aqueous slurry to resist fungal growth, its effectiveness being measurable in accordance with ASTM Standard D3273.
  • the facer mat and gypsum layer may have a very low cellulosic fiber content from which microbes could derive nutrition.
  • any cellulosic fiber present in the mats or gypsum is only an impurity of other ingredients.
  • the present construction board may be faced with a fiber-reinforced composite mat having a basis weight ranging from 29.2 to 107 g/m 2 (0.6 to 2.2 pounds per 100 square feet) (e.g., ranging from 43.9 to 107 g/m 2 (0.9 to 2.2 lbs./100 ft 2 ); 83 ⁇ 9.76 g/m 2 (1.7 ⁇ 0.2 lbs./100 ft 2 , etc.).
  • Exemplary binder content of the dried and cured mats may range from 10 wt.% to 35 wt.%, (e.g., 15 to 30 wt.%; 25 ⁇ 3 wt.%, etc., based on the weight of the finished mat).
  • the basis weight should be large enough to provide the mat with sufficient tensile strength for producing quality construction board.
  • the binder content should be limited for the mat to remain sufficiently flexible to permit it to be bent to form the corners of the board, as shown in Fig. 1 . Too thick a mat may also render the board difficult to cut during installation. Such cuts are needed both for overall size and to fit the board around protrusions such as plumbing and electrical hardware.
  • the present fiber-reinforced composite mats are further enhanced by their relatively low air permeability.
  • an aqueous slurry of cementitious material e.g., one or more of calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and/or hydraulic setting cement
  • cementitious material e.g., one or more of calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and/or hydraulic setting cement
  • Decreasing the air permeability of the mat also decreases the rate of migration of the slurry through the mat, which in-turn reduces the instances of slurry bleed through that can cause irregularities on the outer surface of the facer and, in severe cases, migration of the slurry unto the underlying processing equipment.
  • the air permeability of the mat may be measured by the air flow between reservoirs separated by the mat.
  • One such test is called the Frazier test and is further described by ASTM Standard Method D737, with the results ordinarily being given in units of cubic feet per minute per square foot (cfm/ft 2 ).
  • the test is carried out at a differential pressure of about 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) of water.
  • the air permeability of the present fiber-reinforced composite mats is less than 7070.209 liter/0.0929 m 2 (250 cfm/ft 2 ).
  • Exemplary air permeability levels for the present mats may include a range of 7079 to 4247; 7079 to 5663; 6795 to 6229 ; 6654 to 6371 and 6654 to 6512 liter/0.0929 m 2 (250 cfm/ft 2 to 150 cfm/ft 2 ; 250 cfm/ft 2 to 200 cfm/ft 2 ; 240 cfm/ft 2 to 220 cfm/ft 2 ; 235 cfm/ft 2 to 225 cfm/ft 2 ; and 235 cfm/ft 2 to 230 cfm/ft 2 ), among other exemplary ranges.
  • these air permeabilities produce mats for construction board that have a reduced level of bleed through for slurries set to conventional viscosities, which results in an outer facer surface with reduced roughness.
  • the selection of the fiber blends may produce a mat with sufficient smoothness to permit direct painting without the application of tapes and/or surfacing materials (e.g., plaster) to the facer.
  • these mats are well suited as components of construction board such as interior gypsum board.
  • Fig. 2 shows selected steps in an exemplary process 200 of manufacturing a fiber-reinforced composite according to embodiments of the invention.
  • the process 200 may include the step 202 of blending a first and second group of fibers to form a non-woven web of fibers.
  • the first group of fibers may have an average fiber diameter of 8 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, while the second group of fibers may have an average fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.5 ⁇ m.
  • An exemplary technique for the blending may include the forming of a slurry (e.g., an aqueous slurry) with the fibers.
  • the fiber slurry may then be mechanically agitated to dispense the fibers more homogeneously through the slurry.
  • the slurry may be dispensed on a moving screen.
  • a vacuum may be applied to remove a substantial part of the aqueous solution, which may be recycled into more solution for the slurry. With a substantial portion of the aqueous solution removed, the non-woven web of fibers is formed on the moving screen.
  • the non-woven web of fibers may then be contacted with a binder solution 204 to form a wet mat.
  • the binder solution may be an aqueous binder solution applied to the web using, for example, a curtain coater or a dip-and-squeeze applicator. Excess binder solution may pass through the screen supporting the binder-coated wet mat.
  • the wet mat may then be cured 206 to form the fiber-reinforced composite mat.
  • exemplary curing techniques may include heating, among other techniques.
  • heat may be applied following the remove of excess binder though the web of fibers to evaporate any remaining water and cure the polymer precursors in the binder solution into a polymerized binder that bonds together the fibers.
  • the heat source may be an oven though which the wet mat is conveyed on the moving screen.
  • the process of manufacturing the fiber-reinforced mat may be a continuous process, with the moving screen providing a continuous, conveyor-like loop that may be on a slight upward incline while the fiber slurry is deposited thereon. Subsequently, the excess slurry solution is removed and the non-woven web of fibers is conveyed an area where binder solution is applied. Following the spraying, curtain coating, etc., of the binder solution, the wet mat is conveyed on the moving screen though an oven for the drying of the mat and polymerization of the binder. Exemplary heating conditions may include subjecting the wet mat to temperatures of 120°C to 330°C for periods of, for example, 1 to 2 minutes, less than 40 seconds, etc. The final mat may have a thickness of, for example, 0.25 to 0.762 mm (10 mils to 30 mils)
  • the process 300 includes the step 302 of forming a fiber-reinforced composite mat that will act as a first facer for the construction board.
  • the fiber-reinforced composite mat may be formed according to the processes described above.
  • the process 300 may further include the step 304 of distributing a slurry of construction material on the first facer to form a layer.
  • the slurry may be an aqueous slurry that includes one or more materials selected from the group of calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2H 2 O), and hydraulic setting cement.
  • the slurry may also optionally include reinforcing fibers, process control agents, biocides, flame retardants, and water repellants, among other slurry additives.
  • the process 300 may also include the step 306 of applying a second facer onto the top of the layer formed by the aqueous slurry to form a laminate of the slurry material sandwiched between the first facer and the second facer.
  • the laminate may be separated 308 into individual pieces. Separation techniques may include cutting the laminate into sheets having standard dimensions for commercially sold construction board (e.g., widths of at least 0.61m, 1,22 m (2 feet, 4 feet, etc); and lengths of at least 0.61 m (e.g. 2.44 to 3.66m) (2 feet (e.g., 8 ft to 12 ft, etc.)).
  • the individual pieces of laminate may then be dried 310 for form the final construction board that is faced to provide a smoothness sufficient to permit the dried article to be directly painted.
  • the present construction boards exhibit a number of desirable qualities:
  • the fibrous mat used results in a surface that is smoother and more amenable to painting or other surface finishing processes, making them excellent candidates for interior construction board.
  • the mat is also more flexible, facilitating the bending operations needed to fold the facer around the core during production, as illustrated for mat 14 in Fig. 1 .
  • board incorporating the fibrous mat of the invention has a reduced tendency to generate irritating dust during cutting and handling.
  • a non-woven glass fiber mat of types typically used as a facer for conventional gypsum board is prepared using a wet laid mat machine in the manner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,674 .
  • the mat designated as comparative example 1, contains chopped glass fibers and is bonded together with a polymer binder.
  • the specific materials used are set forth in Table I.
  • the M137 and K137 glass fibers are commercially available from the Johns Manville Corporation of Denver, Colo.
  • a conventional modified urea formaldehyde binder is applied with a curtain coating/saturation technique.
  • Strengths are measured both along the web direction and across the web, using a conventional mechanical testing machine to determine the peak tensile strength of a sample about 7.5 cm wide.
  • the stiffness is determined using the standard Taber stiffness test, wherein a 38 mm wide strip is deflected by applying force at a point 50 mm from a clamping point.
  • the torque (in g-cm) required to achieve a 15° deflection is conventionally termed the Taber stiffness.
  • Air permeability is measured using the Frazier test at a differential pressure of 1.27 cm (0.5 inches) of water accordance with ASTM Method D737.
  • Fiber blends using fibers with a diameter of 8-14 ⁇ m are combined with microfibers to increase the smoothness and density of the fiberglass facer mat produced in examples 2A-B.
  • the present microfibers have diameters ranging from 0.5- 6.50 ⁇ m, and are produced using a flame attenuated or rotary process.
  • the microfibers may make up 5-30 wt.% of the total mat weight.
  • the fiber blends produce a dense, closed, uniform, and smooth facer sheet which helps minimize gypsum bleed through, and provides protection to the gypsum core.
  • the fiberglass mats are produced with lower air permeability and smaller pore size than the mats made in comparative example 1. Table III below shows the impact of different fiber combinations on the air permeability. TABLE III Constituents of Exemplary Fiber-Reinforced Composite Mats Property Example 2A
  • Example 2B Larger Fibers avg. length (mm) 10 10 avg. fiber diam. ( ⁇ m) 13 13 amount (wt.%. of mat) 80 80 Smaller Fibers avg. length (mm) 10 10 avg. fiber diam. ( ⁇ m) 2.5 2.5 amount (wt.%. of mat) 20 20 Binder Type Styrene Acrylic Copolymer Styrene Acrylic Copolymer + Water Repellant amount (wt.%. of mat) 21 21
  • examples 2A&B correlate with longer slurry penetration times.
  • the addition of the a water repellant to the binder composition in example 2B was also helpful to increase the slurry penetration time (i.e., lower the slurry penetration rate) by making the mat more hydrophobic and hence more difficult for an aqueous slurry to migrate through the mat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffmatte, umfassend:
    (i) eine Vliesbahn aus Fasern, wobei die Fasern Folgendes umfassen:
    a) eine erste Gruppe von Fasern mit einem durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von 8 µm bis 25 µm und
    b) eine zweite Gruppe von Fasern mit einem durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von 0,5 µm bis 6,5 µm und
    (ii) ein Bindemittel, um die Vliesbahn aus Fasern in den faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoff einzubinden, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von weniger als 7079,209 Liter/0,0929 m2 (250 cfm/ft2) aufweist.
  2. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Verbundwerkstoffs weniger als 7079,209 Liter/0,0929 m2 (250 cfm/ft2) bis 4247,5254 Liter/0,0929 m2 (150 cfm/ft2), vorzugsweise weniger als 7079,209 Liter/0,0929 m2 (250 cfm/ft2) bis 5663,3672 Liter/0,0929 m2 (200 cfm/ft2) und am meisten bevorzugt 6512,8723 Liter/0,0929 m2 (230 cfm/ft2) bis 6654,4564 Liter/0,0929 m2 (235 cfm/ft2) beträgt.
  3. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Gruppe von Fasern einen durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von etwa 13 µm aufweist.
  4. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die zweite Gruppe von Fasern einen durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von etwa 2,5 µm aufweist.
  5. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei:
    (i) die erste Gruppe von Fasern 70 Gew.-% bis 90 Gew.-% eines Gesamtgewichts der Fasern umfasst und
    (ii) die zweite Gruppe von Fasern 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-% des Gesamtgewichts an Fasern umfasst, vorzugsweise 20 Gew.-% des Gesamtgewichts der Fasern.
  6. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Dicke des faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffes 0,254 mm (10 mils) bis 0,762 (30 mils) beträgt.
  7. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bindemittel ein Styrol-Acryl-Copolymer umfasst.
  8. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Bindemittel ein wasserabweisendes Additiv umfasst.
  9. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Verbundwerkstoff eine Deckschicht eines Baumaterials bildet.
  10. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Baumaterial eine Gipsplatte umfasst.
  11. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Fasern aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus Glas, Mineralwolle, Keramik, Kohlenstoff, Metall, feuerfestem Material und Mischungen daraus besteht.
  12. Faserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Fasern Glasfasern sind, die aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, die aus E-Glas, C-Glas, T-Glas, Natriumborsilikatglas und Mischungen daraus besteht.
  13. Gipsplatte, eine faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoff-Deckschicht umfassend, die an mindestens einer Oberfläche der Gipsplatte befestigt ist, wobei die Deckschicht die faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffmatte nach Anspruch 1 ist.
  14. Gipsplatte nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Gipsplatte zwei oder mehr der faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoff-Deckschichten umfasst.
  15. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffes, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, umfassend:
    (i) Mischen einer ersten Gruppe von Fasern, die einen durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von 8 µm bis 25 µm aufweisen, mit einer zweiten Gruppe von Fasern, die einen durchschnittlichen Faserdurchmesser von 0,5 µm bis 6,5 µm aufweisen, um eine Vliesbahn aus Fasern zu bilden,
    (ii) In-Kontakt-Bringen der Vliesbahn aus Fasern mit einer Bindemittellösung, um eine nasse Bahn zu bilden, und
    (iii) Härten der nassen Bahn, um eine faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffmatte zu bilden.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Verfahren ferner das Aufbringen einer wässrigen Aufschlämmung auf eine Oberfläche der faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffmatte umfasst, wobei die Aufschlämmung mindestens ein Material umfasst, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Calciumsulfat, Calciumsulfat-Hemihydrat und hydraulisch abbindendem Zement besteht.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Verfahren ferner umfasst:
    (i) Bereitstellen einer ersten Deckschicht, welche die faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffmatte umfasst,
    (ii) Verteilen einer wässrigen Aufschlämmung, um eine Schicht auf der ersten Deckschicht zu bilden, wobei die wässrige Aufschlämmung mindestens ein Material umfasst, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Calciumsulfat, Calciumsulfat-Hemihydrat und hydraulisch abbindendem Zement besteht,
    (iii) Aufbringen einer zweiten Deckschicht auf der Oberseite der Schicht, die aus der wässrigen Aufschlämmung gebildet wurde, um ein Laminat zu bilden,
    (iv) Teilen des Laminats in einzelne Stücke und
    (v) Trocknen der Stücke.
    wobei die erste Deckschicht eine erste Fläche des getrockneten Stückes mit einer Glätte bereitstellt, die das direkte Anstreichen des getrockneten Gegenstandes ermöglicht.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, wobei das getrocknete Stück ein Stück Gipsplatte umfasst.
EP13000048.2A 2012-01-09 2013-01-07 Mikrofaserhaltige faserverstärkte Seitenmatten und Herstellungsverfahren Active EP2612969B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/345,868 US20130178126A1 (en) 2012-01-09 2012-01-09 Microfiber-containing fiber reinforced facer mats and method of making

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2612969A2 EP2612969A2 (de) 2013-07-10
EP2612969A3 EP2612969A3 (de) 2013-11-06
EP2612969B1 true EP2612969B1 (de) 2016-03-30

Family

ID=47561303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13000048.2A Active EP2612969B1 (de) 2012-01-09 2013-01-07 Mikrofaserhaltige faserverstärkte Seitenmatten und Herstellungsverfahren

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20130178126A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2612969B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2568026T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9267238B2 (en) * 2012-07-25 2016-02-23 Johns Manville Glass fiber reinforced facer mat
FR2997392B1 (fr) * 2012-10-29 2015-06-26 Saint Gobain Procede de fabrication de verre mince
US10003056B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2018-06-19 Johns Manville Battery containing acid resistant nonwoven fiber mat with biosoluble microfibers
FR3046567B1 (fr) * 2016-01-13 2019-07-12 Saint-Gobain Placo Plaque acoustique a base de platre.
CA3019563C (en) * 2016-04-01 2021-06-08 Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. Building board and method of forming the building board
WO2019126149A1 (en) 2017-12-19 2019-06-27 Saint-Gobain Adfors Canada, Ltd. A reinforcing layer, a cementitious board, and method of forming the cementitious board
US20220403599A1 (en) * 2019-09-27 2022-12-22 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Uncoated nonwoven fiber mat

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4129674A (en) 1972-10-27 1978-12-12 Johns-Manville Corporation Fibrous mat especially suitable for roofing products and a method of making the mat
US4637951A (en) * 1984-12-24 1987-01-20 Manville Sales Corporation Fibrous mat facer with improved strike-through resistance
US20030031854A1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-13 Kajander Richard Emil Method of making coated mat online and coated mat products
US7842629B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2010-11-30 Johns Manville Non-woven glass fiber mat faced gypsum board and process of manufacture
US7829488B2 (en) * 2008-01-22 2010-11-09 Johns Manville Non-woven glass fiber mat faced gypsum board and process of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2568026T3 (es) 2016-04-27
EP2612969A3 (de) 2013-11-06
EP2612969A2 (de) 2013-07-10
US20130178126A1 (en) 2013-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7842629B2 (en) Non-woven glass fiber mat faced gypsum board and process of manufacture
US8128767B2 (en) Process for manufacturing gypsum board faced with non-woven glass fiber mat
US7829488B2 (en) Non-woven glass fiber mat faced gypsum board and process of manufacture
EP2612969B1 (de) Mikrofaserhaltige faserverstärkte Seitenmatten und Herstellungsverfahren
US20080003903A1 (en) Coated nonwoven mat
EP1800853B1 (de) Plattenmaterial
EP1809830B1 (de) Neue gipsplatte sowie eine solche platte enthaltende systeme
US20070149078A1 (en) Perforated non-woven fiberglass mat
US20180187416A1 (en) Plastic Coated Composite Building Boards and Method of Making Same
EP1875008B1 (de) Platte für innenausbau und verfahren zur herstellung
CA2157337C (en) Improved fibrous mat and mat-faced gypsum board
US20070148430A1 (en) Perforated, coated nonwoven mat
JP2012507421A (ja) マット張り表面を有するセメント質物品およびその製造方法
EP2230075A1 (de) Oberflächenbehandelte Vliesverkleidung für Gipswandbauplatte
WO2016081392A1 (en) Hybrid nonwoven mats and methods
MXPA97009639A (en) Improved fibrous mat and plaster tablet covered with est

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: E04C 2/04 20060101ALI20130930BHEP

Ipc: D21H 13/40 20060101AFI20130930BHEP

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20140220

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20150918

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 785537

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20160415

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2568026

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20160427

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602013005802

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160701

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160630

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 785537

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160730

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160801

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602013005802

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20170103

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170131

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170107

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20130107

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160330

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160330

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 602013005802

Country of ref document: DE

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Payment date: 20231220

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20240126

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20240201

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240129

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240129

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20240108

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20240122

Year of fee payment: 12

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240125

Year of fee payment: 12