EP2612101A1 - Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud - Google Patents

Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud

Info

Publication number
EP2612101A1
EP2612101A1 EP11745935.4A EP11745935A EP2612101A1 EP 2612101 A1 EP2612101 A1 EP 2612101A1 EP 11745935 A EP11745935 A EP 11745935A EP 2612101 A1 EP2612101 A1 EP 2612101A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fog
wall
image
cloud
infrared
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11745935.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2612101B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Bannasch
Martin Fegg
Wolfgang Kittl
Johannes Maltan
Christian Wallner
Rudolf Salzeder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102010036026A external-priority patent/DE102010036026A1/en
Priority claimed from DE201110106201 external-priority patent/DE102011106201A1/en
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Publication of EP2612101A1 publication Critical patent/EP2612101A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2612101B1 publication Critical patent/EP2612101B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/145—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B5/15—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances for creating a screening or decoy effect, e.g. using radar chaff or infrared material
    • F42B5/155—Smoke-pot projectors, e.g. arranged on vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and method for creating an effective fog cloud to protect a platform or target from a threat.
  • Environmental factors such as wind strength, wind direction etc. as well as the fact of a moving platform / target are considered.
  • this information / parameter need not be extra measured and not known. Rather, the entirety of this information is determined / derived in or out of the cloud of fog itself. Considered are the quality and quantity, that is, the density and homogeneity of the smoke screen. In evaluation of this information, then this wall or cloud can be stabilized or expanded accordingly by targeted Verschuß other fog generating means.
  • DE 199 51 767 A1 describes a method for providing a decoy target and decoys.
  • DE 196 17 701 C2 discloses such a stored method.
  • a launching device for the firing of a plurality of active bodies can be taken from DE 199 10 074 B4.
  • DE 103 46 001 B4 deals with a device for protecting ships against end-phase guided missiles. Among other things, this is characterized by the fact that some environmental data are taken into account, which are taken into account when designing the cloud of protection.
  • An object protection system is also the subject of DE 10 2004 005 105 A1.
  • a light ammunition magazine is published with DE 10 2006 004 954 A1, while DE 10 2005 054 275 A1 shows a further self-protection system.
  • a missile for generating a smoke screen is further known from DE 296 06 669 U1.
  • mortar systems are used in particular, with several mists being fired simultaneously from litter beakers.
  • These mist pots contain mist-active substances which cause a visual line interruption due to scattering and / or reflection and / or absorption and / or emission (overexposure).
  • fog agents are mainly pyrotechnic substances such as hetachloroethane, red phosphorus and carbon and metal dusts, such as brass dust used.
  • the visual line interruption takes place in the visible and / or in the infrared ranges.
  • EP 0 588 015 B discloses a one-sided transparent infrared mist which is formed by a curtain of infrared-emitting particles, wherein the own thermal imaging device is not disturbed, or is insignificantly disturbed, while retaining a sufficient camouflage effect. This is achieved by a special composition of the particles. In order to minimize the influence of this wall on the own thermal imaging device, the device optics are strongly dimmed, whereby a large depth of focus is achieved.
  • a method for generating a one-sided transparent in the infrared spectral range camouflage nebula is DE 199 14 033 A1.
  • a known pyrotechnic Tarnnebel is spread with pyrotechnic scattering particles and irradiated this two-component mist from the side of the applicator with an IR radiation source.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and an optimized method for producing a one-sided transparent mist, whereby an optimal privacy of an object is realized.
  • the effectiveness of a fog system or a fog cloud is dependent on the environmental parameters on site, such as wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity, etc. Such parameters are disregarded due to the unpredictable values.
  • the fog is often driven by the action of the wind not only from the line of sight, but also the fog cloud accordingly defibrated, so that gaps. Also, the proper motion and the spontaneous use of the fog system in 360 ° are not considered. Similar influences occur in calm weather, however driving the driving tool. Again, it may happen that the line of sight is briefly interrupted by the fog.
  • the effectiveness of, for example, an infrared nebula is dependent on the density of the infrared emitting particles. Due to environmental and systemic effects temporal and spatial inhomogeneities of the wall arise, which leads to a restriction or to a loss of effectiveness.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea to create multi-spectral fog walls, in which the threat direction, threat distance, wind direction, wind speed, direction of travel and speed in the temporal and spatial application of the visual and infrared line-of-sight are taken into account.
  • the charm of the idea lies in the fact that these information / parameters are not measured separately or even need to be known. Rather, quality and quantity, that is, the density and homogeneity of the cloud of fog (s) are determined.
  • friend-side transparent smoke walls can be generated, which do not disturb a private thermal imaging device while maintaining a sufficient camouflage effect. This ensures that the platform, such as a vehicle, by the homogeneously distributed infrared radiating particles and a one-sided transparent infrared effectiveness is created, but these are protected against wind attack and vehicle independent of an enemy attack.
  • the measurement of the cloud of fog for density and homogeneity and thus the effectiveness of the fog wall in the vicinity of the line of sight is accomplished in the visible range, for example by a TV camera.
  • a thermal imaging device is used for the infrared areas. With the aid of digital image processing, the recorded image in the visual area is examined as to whether it has the white reflection typical of the red phosphorus fog in the vicinity of the line of sight.
  • the image of the heating device is analyzed for a homogeneous, one-sided infrared-effective particle density.
  • the device or the system consists at least of a combination of sensors and digital image and data processing and at least one fog-thrower, which can be linked to a TV camera, a thermal imaging device and at least one UV sensor.
  • the images of both devices are evaluated in an image and data processing, wherein in evaluation of this information, the fog wall is stabilized or extended, if certain criteria such as density and / or homogeneity are exceeded.
  • One or the Nebel Rush determined in evaluation of the fog wall or cloud of fog further spreading fog media through the at least one launcher.
  • a wind sensor can be integrated, whose information is used to better align the projector and thus the formation of the fog. wall can be used. This creates a good smoke screen for the viewing area as well as a sufficient infrared effect in the fog wall.
  • the method for generating a line of sight interruption is now independent of wind and travel. It is created in the visible wavelength range opaque in the infrared areas, however, a residual transmission fog cloud. This is achieved (manipulated) by a clever choice or selection and coordination of the fog substance itself, the fog concentration and the thickness of the fog wall, as well as the infrared particles at Nebelabbrand. Disturbance variables are largely eliminated by the digital image processing of a thermal image and the thermal image is thus "friend-friendly" optimized.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of a visual line interruption by visual fog
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of the partial loss of visual line interruption of the visual fog.
  • FIG. 5 shows a representation of the analysis and optimization of the infrared particles
  • 6a / b a representation of the infrared image disturbed thermal image from the "friend side” view and after their optimization
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a device for dispensing active agents
  • FIG. 1 shows a system or a device comprising at least one mist thrower 2, a computer 3 and at least one thermal imaging device 5. Further assemblies are a camera 4 and / or UV sensors 6 and preferably a wind sensor 7.
  • a digital image and data processing of the images of the camera 4 and / or the thermal imaging device 5 For this purpose, a separate module can be integrated.
  • image and data processing are deposited algorithms for the analysis of the fog effectiveness (quality, quantity). With the help of the wind sensor 7, the wind direction and the wind force can be determined.
  • the system 1 further comprises a monitor 8 for imaging the sensor image of the TV camera 4 and preferably a further monitor 9 for imaging the sensor image of the thermal imaging device 5 for a viewer.
  • the integration of the monitors 8, 9 is optional, the method for determining an optimal fog wall 11 + 13 thereof independently.
  • All modules of the system 1 are functionally connected to each other electrically.
  • a sensor 12 observing the environment, for example a laser detector, and the camera 4, the thermal imaging device 5 and the UV sensor 6 are installed directly on the projector 2.
  • the fog cloud 11 in the visible range and 13 jets (throwing equipment) 2 producing transparent infrared fog and the sensors 4 - 6 are always aligned in the same direction.
  • a smoke screen 1 1 + 13 is set up when a threat is detected.
  • This is done conventionally by Verschuß of preferably in the air separable cartridges with an active mass, consisting of preferably red phosphorus and other infrared active particles / substances / platelets - agent - etc. (not shown in detail).
  • the large-scale visual cloud of fog 11 is applied to interrupt the line of sight of the enemy in no time.
  • the launcher 2 has a sufficient number of fog cartridges, which he can deploy simultaneously and / or sequentially in any timing.
  • the particle cloud 13 necessary for the unilaterally transparent infrared mist is simultaneously generated with a corresponding configuration.
  • the efficiency of the fog wall 1 1 + 13 in the vicinity of the line of sight is monitored by means of the intelligent sensor systems 4 - 6, the density and homogeneity are measured.
  • the image in the visual area is obtained by means of TV camera 4 and given to the image and data unit in the computer 3. With the aid of the algorithms stored in this unit, this image is analyzed to determine whether the visual field in the vicinity of the line of sight has the white reflection typical for the red phosphorus fog. In the infrared range, the field of view is scanned in the vicinity of the line of sight 10 by means of thermal imaging device 4 and this analyzed in the image and data processing unit to a homogeneous, one-sided infrared effective particle density.
  • the method can also be started manually, for example if an observer detects a weakening of the smoke screen 11, 13. If density and homogeneity are given, no further measures are instructed.
  • the computer 3 instructs further measures. This may be the targeted firing of further mist cartridges through the fog ejector 2 into the determined uninterrupted line of sight area 10 (FIG. 4) and / or increasing the concentration throughout the cloud of fog 11 + 13 in general (FIG. 5).
  • the instructing can also be done by a, the monitors 8, 9 viewing person 12, ie manually.
  • the data of the wind sensor 7 are included in the evaluation.
  • the computer 3 is supplied with additional information, so that the extent, position and drift of the cloud of fog 13 can be calculated and this is taken into account in the alignment of the launcher 2.
  • the optimized particle density of the infrared mist wall 13 ensures that the line of sight 10 for enemy thermal imaging devices is completely interrupted. With the help of your own heat From the point of view of the platform to be protected, imaging device 5 has residual information of the generic side. Although this is significantly disturbed by the infrared particles (FIG. 6a), it can be improved by means of complex image-optimizing methods and algorithms. Thus, it is possible to eliminate the interfering particles as much as possible and thus to produce an almost interference-free enemy image on the monitor 9 (FIG. 6b).
  • the processing of the image can be realized for example by a histogram optimization filter, a median filter and / or a mask filter.
  • Fig. 7 shows the device 1 for generating the one-sided transparent mist consisting of the fog generator or the throwing machine 2 for the introduction of fog-generating active bodies, the thermal imaging device 5 and the computer or computer 3 with the digital image processing.
  • Another component of the device 1 may be an additional weapon station 20.
  • the litter 2 is used to create or create the specific fog wall or the mist-the cloud of mist 1 1, 13 - with wavelength-dependent transmission properties.
  • the thermal imaging device 5 has the specific filtering, wherein the spectral sensitivity of the thermal imaging device 3 is highest where the transmission properties of the mist also has a maximum.
  • the selective smoke wall 1 1, 13 is generated, the properties of which are essentially defined by the following parameters:
  • RP fog has a selective mass extinction coefficient. This coefficient is significantly higher for the visible range than for the infrared ranges. According to Lambert-Beer's law, the transmission of this fog is thus significantly higher in the infrared ranges than in the visible range.
  • the fog concentration (CL c 2 , c 3 ), the thickness of the fog wall (d ⁇ d 2 , d 3 ) and the generation of infrared particles it is now possible to generate a mist, which is opaque in the visible wavelength range but has a residual transmission in the infrared ranges (eg c 3 * d 3 ), see FIG. 9.
  • This residual transmission may be subject to temporal and spatial fluctuations and be additionally disturbed by disturbances such as Sprintungs binen the fog burn.
  • This can be corrected by optimizing the image by the digital image processing of the thermal image of the thermal imaging camera 5 in the computer 3, so that the interference effects are eliminated “friendly.”
  • digital image processing in the computer 3 adjusts the sensitivity of the thermal image by digitally adjusting Range and leveling out the transmission and emission characteristics, and eliminating temporal and spatial variations in transmission by measuring stable reference targets within the thermal image, and eliminating "over-the-air” effects caused by the infrared particles by using specific algorithms such as masking filters , Cloning Filter, Median Filter, Poisson Hole Filing etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to create multi-spectral fog walls, in which the threat direction, threat distance, wind direction, wind speed, driving direction, and driving speed are taken into consideration in the dispensing of the visual and infrared line-of-sight interruption over time and space. In order to determine the effectiveness or effectivity of the fog wall (11, 13), a camera (4) and/or a thermal imaging device (5) is combined with a known launcher (2) and the images of both are evaluated in a computer (3), wherein in the evaluation of said information, the fog wall (11, 13) is stabilized or expanded if certain criteria are not reached. The production of a fog cloud (11, 13) that is opaque in the visible wavelength range but that has a residual transmittance is manipulated by cleverly choosing or selecting and adjusting the fog substance (a) itself, the fog concentration (c1, c2, c3), the thickness of the fog wall (d1, d2, d3), and the concentration of infrared particles over time and space during the fog burn-off. Disturbances are substantially eliminated by the digital image processing of a thermal image on the friendly side, and the thermal image is thus optimized.

Description

BESCHREIBUNG  DESCRIPTION
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer wirksamen Nebelwand bzw. Nebelwolke Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or cloud of fog
Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit einer Vorrichtung und einem Verfahren für das Erzeugen einer wirksamen Nebelwand bzw. Nebelwolke zum Schutz einer Plattform oder eines Zieles vor einer Bedrohung. Dabei werden Umwelteinflüsse wie Windstärke, Windrichtung etc. als auch die Tatsache einer sich bewegenden Plattform / Ziels berücksichtigt. Diese Informationen / Parameter müssen jedoch nicht extra gemessen werden und auch nicht bekannt sein. Vielmehr wird die Gesamtheit dieser Informationen in bzw. aus der Nebelwolke selbst bestimmt / hergeleitet. Berücksichtigt werden die Qualität und Quantität, d.h., die Dichte und Homogenität der Nebelwand. In Auswertung dieser Informationen kann dann diese Wand oder Wolke durch gezielten Verschuss weiterer Nebel erzeugender Mittel entsprechend stabilisiert bzw. erweitert werden. The invention relates to an apparatus and method for creating an effective fog cloud to protect a platform or target from a threat. Environmental factors such as wind strength, wind direction etc. as well as the fact of a moving platform / target are considered. However, this information / parameter need not be extra measured and not known. Rather, the entirety of this information is determined / derived in or out of the cloud of fog itself. Considered are the quality and quantity, that is, the density and homogeneity of the smoke screen. In evaluation of this information, then this wall or cloud can be stabilized or expanded accordingly by targeted Verschuß other fog generating means.
Nebelsysteme zum Schutz von speziell militärischen Plattformen, insbesondere von Landfahrzeugen sind schon lange im Einsatz. Mit Hilfe derartiger Nebelsysteme soll die Sichtlinie des Feindes zum Ziel unterbrochen werden, um dadurch die gegnerische Zielerfassung, Zielverfolgung und Waffenlenkung zu beeinträchtigen. Mist systems for the protection of specially military platforms, especially of land vehicles have been in use for a long time. With the help of such fog systems, the line of sight of the enemy is to be interrupted to the target, thereby affecting the enemy target acquisition, target tracking and weapon guidance.
So beschreibt die DE 199 51 767 A 1 ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines Scheinzieles sowie Täuschkörper. Auch die DE 196 17 701 C2 offenbart ein derartig gelagertes Verfahren. Eine Abschussvorrichtung für das Verschießen einer Mehrzahl von Wirkkörpern kann der DE 199 10 074 B4 entnommen werden. Mit einer Vorrichtung zum Schützen von Schiffen vor endphasengelenkten Flugkörpern beschäftigt sich die DE 103 46 001 B4. Diese zeichnet sich unter anderem dadurch aus, dass hier einige Umweltdaten berücksichtigt werden, die beim Auslegen der Schutzwolke berücksichtigt werden. Ein Objektschutzsystem ist zudem Gegenstand der DE 10 2004 005 105 A1. Ein leichtes Munitionsmagazin wird mit der DE 10 2006 004 954 A1 publiziert, während die DE 10 2005 054 275 A1 eine weitere Selbstschutzanlage aufzeigt. Ein Flugkörper zur Erzeugung einer Nebelwand ist des Weiteren aus der DE 296 06 669 U1 bekannt. Neben Nebelgeneratoren kommen vor allem Mörsersysteme zum Einsatz, wobei aus Wurfbechern simultan mehrere Nebeltöpfe verschossen werden. Diese Nebeltöpfe enthalten nebelwirksame Substanzen, welche eine Sichtlinienunterbrechung durch Streuung und / oder Reflexion und / oder Absorption und / oder Emission (Überstrahlung) bewirken. Als Nebelmittel kommen vorwiegend pyrotechnische Substanzen wie Hetachlorethan, Rotphosphor und Kohlenstoff sowie Metallstäube, beispielsweise Messingstaub, zum Einsatz. Je nach Nebelmittel erfolgt die Sichtlinienunterbrechung im sichtbaren und /oder auch in den Infrarotbereichen. Thus, DE 199 51 767 A1 describes a method for providing a decoy target and decoys. Also DE 196 17 701 C2 discloses such a stored method. A launching device for the firing of a plurality of active bodies can be taken from DE 199 10 074 B4. DE 103 46 001 B4 deals with a device for protecting ships against end-phase guided missiles. Among other things, this is characterized by the fact that some environmental data are taken into account, which are taken into account when designing the cloud of protection. An object protection system is also the subject of DE 10 2004 005 105 A1. A light ammunition magazine is published with DE 10 2006 004 954 A1, while DE 10 2005 054 275 A1 shows a further self-protection system. A missile for generating a smoke screen is further known from DE 296 06 669 U1. In addition to fog generators, mortar systems are used in particular, with several mists being fired simultaneously from litter beakers. These mist pots contain mist-active substances which cause a visual line interruption due to scattering and / or reflection and / or absorption and / or emission (overexposure). As fog agents are mainly pyrotechnic substances such as hetachloroethane, red phosphorus and carbon and metal dusts, such as brass dust used. Depending on the fog means the visual line interruption takes place in the visible and / or in the infrared ranges.
Aus der EP 0 588 015 B ist darüber hinaus ein einseitig transparenter Infrarot- Nebel bekannt, der durch einen Vorhang aus Infrarot emittierenden Partikeln gebildet wird, wobei das eigene Wärmebildgerät unter Beibehaltung einer ausreichenden Tarnwirkung nicht oder nur unwesentlich gestört wird. Dies wird durch eine spezielle Zusammensetzung der Partikel erreicht. Für die Minimierung des Einflusses dieser Wand auf das eigene Wärmebildgerät wird die Geräteoptik stark abgeblendet, womit eine große Tiefenschärfe erreicht wird. Moreover, EP 0 588 015 B discloses a one-sided transparent infrared mist which is formed by a curtain of infrared-emitting particles, wherein the own thermal imaging device is not disturbed, or is insignificantly disturbed, while retaining a sufficient camouflage effect. This is achieved by a special composition of the particles. In order to minimize the influence of this wall on the own thermal imaging device, the device optics are strongly dimmed, whereby a large depth of focus is achieved.
Ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines im infraroten Spektralbereich einseitig transparenten Tarnnebels gibt die DE 199 14 033 A1 an. Hier wird ein an sich bekannter pyrotechnischer Tarnnebel mit pyrotechnischen Streuteilchen ausgebracht und dieser Zweikomponentennebel von der Seite des Ausbringers mit einer IR-Strahlungsquelle bestrahlt. A method for generating a one-sided transparent in the infrared spectral range camouflage nebula is DE 199 14 033 A1. Here, a known pyrotechnic Tarnnebel is spread with pyrotechnic scattering particles and irradiated this two-component mist from the side of the applicator with an IR radiation source.
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Vorrichtung und ein optimiertes Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines einseitig transparenten Nebels aufzuzeigen, wodurch ein optimaler Sichtschutz eines Objektes realisiert wird. The object of the invention is to provide a device and an optimized method for producing a one-sided transparent mist, whereby an optimal privacy of an object is realized.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 das System und des Patentanspruchs 5 das Verfahren betreffend. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen aufgeführt. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, the system and the patent claim 5 concerning the method. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the respective subclaims.
Die Wirksamkeit eines Nebelsystems bzw. einer ausgebrachen Nebelwolke ist abhängig von den Umweltparametern vor Ort, wie beispielsweise Windgeschwindigkeit, Windrichtung und relative Luftfeuchte etc. Derartige Parameter bleiben aufgrund der nicht vorbestimmbaren Werte unberücksichtigt. Der Nebel wird häufig durch die Windeinwirkung nicht nur aus der Sichtlinie getrieben, sondern die Nebelwolke auch entsprechend zerfasert, sodass Lücken entstehen. Auch werden die Eigenbewegung und der spontane Einsatz des Nebelsystems in 360° nicht berücksichtigt. Ähnliche Einflüsse entstehen bei Windstille jedoch Fahrt des Fahr- zeuges. Auch hier kann es passieren, dass die Sichtlinie kurzzeitig durch den Nebel unterbrochen wird. Zudem ist die Wirksamkeit beispielsweise eines Infrarotnebels abhängig von der Dichte der das Infrarot emittierenden Partikel. Durch Umwelt- und systembedingte Effekte entstehen zeitliche und räumliche Inhomogenitäten der Wand, was zu einer Einschränkung bzw. zu einem Wirksamkeitsverlust führt. The effectiveness of a fog system or a fog cloud is dependent on the environmental parameters on site, such as wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity, etc. Such parameters are disregarded due to the unpredictable values. The fog is often driven by the action of the wind not only from the line of sight, but also the fog cloud accordingly defibrated, so that gaps. Also, the proper motion and the spontaneous use of the fog system in 360 ° are not considered. Similar influences occur in calm weather, however driving the driving tool. Again, it may happen that the line of sight is briefly interrupted by the fog. In addition, the effectiveness of, for example, an infrared nebula is dependent on the density of the infrared emitting particles. Due to environmental and systemic effects temporal and spatial inhomogeneities of the wall arise, which leads to a restriction or to a loss of effectiveness.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Idee zugrunde, multispektrale Nebelwände zu schaffen, bei denen die Bedrohungsrichtung, Bedrohungsentfernung, Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit, Fahrtrichtung und Fahrtgeschwindigkeit in der zeitlichen und räumlichen Ausbringung der visuellen und infraroten Sichtlinienunterbrechung berücksichtigt werden. Der Charme der Idee liegt unter anderem darin, dass diese Informationen / Parameter nicht extra gemessen werden oder gar bekannt sein müssen. Vielmehr werden Qualität und Quantität, d.h., die Dichte und Homogenität der Nebelwolke(n) bestimmt. Darüber hinaus können auch freund- seitige transparente Nebelwände erzeugt werden, die ein eigenes Wärmebildgerät unter Beibehaltung einer ausreichenden Tarnwirkung nicht stören. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass für die Plattform, beispielsweise ein Fahrzeug, durch die homogen verteilten Infrarot strahlenden Partikel auch eine einseitig transparente Infrarotwirksamkeit geschaffen wird, diese aber vor einem feindlichen Angriff wind- und fahrzeugunabhängig geschützt werden. The invention is therefore based on the idea to create multi-spectral fog walls, in which the threat direction, threat distance, wind direction, wind speed, direction of travel and speed in the temporal and spatial application of the visual and infrared line-of-sight are taken into account. Among other things, the charm of the idea lies in the fact that these information / parameters are not measured separately or even need to be known. Rather, quality and quantity, that is, the density and homogeneity of the cloud of fog (s) are determined. In addition, friend-side transparent smoke walls can be generated, which do not disturb a private thermal imaging device while maintaining a sufficient camouflage effect. This ensures that the platform, such as a vehicle, by the homogeneously distributed infrared radiating particles and a one-sided transparent infrared effectiveness is created, but these are protected against wind attack and vehicle independent of an enemy attack.
Das Messen der Nebelwolke auf Dichte und Homogenität und damit die Wirksamkeit der Nebelwand im Umfeld der Sichtlinie wird im sichtbaren Bereich beispielsweise durch eine TV- Kamera bewerkstelligt. Für die Infrarotbereiche wird ein Wärmebildgerät verwendet. Mit Hilfe der digitalen Bildverarbeitung wird im visuellen Bereich das aufgenommene Bild dahingehend untersucht, ob es im Umfeld der Sichtlinie die für den Rotphosphornebel typische weiße Reflexion aufweist. Im Infratorbereich wird das Bild des Wärmegerätes auf eine homogene, einseitig infrarotwirksame Partikeldichte analysiert. The measurement of the cloud of fog for density and homogeneity and thus the effectiveness of the fog wall in the vicinity of the line of sight is accomplished in the visible range, for example by a TV camera. For the infrared areas, a thermal imaging device is used. With the aid of digital image processing, the recorded image in the visual area is examined as to whether it has the white reflection typical of the red phosphorus fog in the vicinity of the line of sight. In the infrared range, the image of the heating device is analyzed for a homogeneous, one-sided infrared-effective particle density.
Dazu besteht die Vorrichtung bzw. das System zumindest aus einer Kombination von Sensoren und digitaler Bild- und Datenverarbeitung und wenigstens einem Nebel- Werfer, der mit einer TV- Kamera, einem Wärmebildgerät sowie wenigstens einem UV- Sensor verknüpft werden kann. Die Bilder beider Geräte werden in einer Bild- und Datenverarbeitung ausgewertet, wobei in Auswertung dieser Informationen die Nebelwand stabilisiert bzw. erweitert wird, wenn gewisse Kriterien wie beispielsweise Dichte und / oder Homogenität unterschritten werden. Ein oder der Nebeleinsatzrechner bestimmt in Auswertung der Nebelwand bzw. Nebelwolke das weitere Ausbringen von Nebelmitteln durch den wenigstens einen Werfer. Zur Erweiterung der Systemfunktionalität kann ein Windsensor eingebunden werden, dessen Informationen zur besseren Ausrichtung des Werfers und damit der Ausbildung der Nebel- wand herangezogen werden können. Damit wird eine gute Nebelwand für den Sichtbereich als auch einer ausreichenden Infrarotwirkung in der Nebelwand geschaffen. For this purpose, the device or the system consists at least of a combination of sensors and digital image and data processing and at least one fog-thrower, which can be linked to a TV camera, a thermal imaging device and at least one UV sensor. The images of both devices are evaluated in an image and data processing, wherein in evaluation of this information, the fog wall is stabilized or extended, if certain criteria such as density and / or homogeneity are exceeded. One or the Nebeleinsatzrechner determined in evaluation of the fog wall or cloud of fog further spreading fog media through the at least one launcher. To extend the system functionality, a wind sensor can be integrated, whose information is used to better align the projector and thus the formation of the fog. wall can be used. This creates a good smoke screen for the viewing area as well as a sufficient infrared effect in the fog wall.
Mit Hilfe des Systems und des Verfahrens ist es nunmehr grundsätzlich möglich, dass auch während der Fahrt der Plattform / Ziel / Objekt - beispielsweise bei Erkundungs- und / oder Konvoifahrten - eine Nebelmaßnahme extrem schnell wirkend ausgebracht und diese spontane, dichte Nebelwand aus der Freundsicht mit Hilfe eines Wärmebildgerätes durchdrungen werden kann. Durch hinterlegte Algorithmen können diese Bilder des Wärmebildgerätes soweit optimiert werden, dass sie eine ausreichend gute Freundsicht schaffen ohne die Geräteoptik zu verändern. Somit wird durch das System ein Vorteil auch in unübersichtlichen Gefechtsfeldsituationen geschaffen. Durch eine entsprechende Sensor -System Rückkopplung ist es zudem möglich, diese Wirkung der einseitigen Transparenz stabil und dauerhaft aufrecht zu erhalten. Das schnelle Einleiten von geeigneten Gegenmaßnahmen unter Schutz ist ein weiterer Vorteil. With the help of the system and the method, it is now possible in principle that even during the journey of the platform / target / object - for example, in reconnaissance and / or convoy - a fog measure extremely fast acting applied and this spontaneous, dense fog wall from the friend view Help a thermal imaging device can be penetrated. By stored algorithms, these images of the thermal imaging device can be optimized so far that they create a sufficiently good friend view without changing the device optics. Thus, the system creates an advantage even in confusing battlefield situations. By a corresponding sensor system feedback, it is also possible to maintain stable and durable this effect of one-sided transparency. The rapid introduction of suitable countermeasures under protection is another advantage.
Das Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Sichtlinienunterbrechung ist nunmehr wind- und fahrtunabhängig. Es wird eine im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich undurchsichtige in den Infrarotbereichen jedoch eine 'Resttransmission aufweisende Nebelwolke geschaffen. Dieses wird durch eine geschickte Wahl bzw. Auswahl und Abstimmung der Nebelsubstanz selbst, der Nebelkonzentration und der Dicke der Nebelwand, sowie der Infrarot- Partikel beim Nebelabbrand erreicht (manipuliert). Störgrößen werden durch die digitale Bildverarbeitung eines Wärmebildes weitestgehend eliminiert und das Wärmebild somit„freundseitig" optimiert. The method for generating a line of sight interruption is now independent of wind and travel. It is created in the visible wavelength range opaque in the infrared areas, however, a residual transmission fog cloud. This is achieved (manipulated) by a clever choice or selection and coordination of the fog substance itself, the fog concentration and the thickness of the fog wall, as well as the infrared particles at Nebelabbrand. Disturbance variables are largely eliminated by the digital image processing of a thermal image and the thermal image is thus "friend-friendly" optimized.
Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt: Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der wesentlichen Baugruppen des Systems, 1 is a schematic representation of the main components of the system,
Fig. 2 eine Darstellung einer Sichtlinienunterbrechung durch visuellen Nebel und Fig. 2 is an illustration of a visual line interruption by visual fog and
Infrarot strahlende Partikel,  Infrared radiating particles,
Fig. 3 eine Darstellung des teilweisen Verlustes der Sichtlinienunterbrechung des visuellen Nebels, FIG. 3 is an illustration of the partial loss of visual line interruption of the visual fog. FIG.
Fig. 4 eine Darstellung der Wiederherstellung der visuellen Nebelwirkung, 4 is a representation of the restoration of the visual fog effect,
Fig. 5 eine Darstellung der Analyse und Optimierung der Infrarotpartikel, Fig. 6a/b eine Darstellung des durch Infrarot-Partikel gestörten Wärmebildes aus Sicht „Freundseite" sowie nach deren Optimierung, 5 shows a representation of the analysis and optimization of the infrared particles, 6a / b a representation of the infrared image disturbed thermal image from the "friend side" view and after their optimization,
Fig. 7. eine Prinzipdarstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Ausbringen von Wirkmitteln, 7 shows a schematic representation of a device for dispensing active agents,
Fig. 8 eine Darstellung der Abhängigkeit des Massen-Absorptionskoeffizienten von der Wellenlänge, 8 is an illustration of the dependence of the mass absorption coefficient on the wavelength,
Fig. 9 eine Darstellung der Abhängigkeit der Transemission von der Nebelkonzentration und von der Nebeldicke. 9 shows a depiction of the dependence of the trans emission on the fog concentration and the fog thickness.
In Fig. 1 ist ein System bzw. eine Vorrichtung, bestehend aus wenigstens einem Nebelwerfer 2, einem Rechner 3 sowie zumindest einem Wärmebildgerät 5, dargestellt. Weitere Baugruppen sind eine Kamera 4 und / oder UV- Sensoren 6 sowie bevorzugt ein Windsensor 7. Vorzugsweise im Rechner 3, hier ein so genannter Nebeleinsatzrechner, erfolgt eine digitale Bild- und Datenverarbeitung der Bilder der Kamera 4 und / oder des Wärmebildgerätes 5, wobei hierzu auch eine separate Baugruppe eingebunden sein kann. In der Bild- und Datenverarbeitung hinterlegt sind Algorithmen zur Analyse der Nebelwirksamkeit (Qualität, Quantität). Mit Hilfe des Windsensors 7 lassen sich die Windrichtung als auch die Windstärke bestimmen. FIG. 1 shows a system or a device comprising at least one mist thrower 2, a computer 3 and at least one thermal imaging device 5. Further assemblies are a camera 4 and / or UV sensors 6 and preferably a wind sensor 7. Preferably in the computer 3, here a so-called fog-use computer, a digital image and data processing of the images of the camera 4 and / or the thermal imaging device 5, For this purpose, a separate module can be integrated. In the image and data processing are deposited algorithms for the analysis of the fog effectiveness (quality, quantity). With the help of the wind sensor 7, the wind direction and the wind force can be determined.
Das System 1 umfasst des Weiteren einen Monitor 8 zur Abbildung des Sensorbildes der TV- Kamera 4 und bevorzugt einen weiteren Monitor 9 zur Abbildung des Sensorbildes des Wärmebildgerätes 5 für einen Betrachter. - Die Einbindung der Monitore 8, 9 ist optional, das Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer optimalen Nebelwand 11 + 13 davon selbst unabhängig. - Alle Baugruppen des Systems 1 sind funktional miteinander elektrisch verbunden. The system 1 further comprises a monitor 8 for imaging the sensor image of the TV camera 4 and preferably a further monitor 9 for imaging the sensor image of the thermal imaging device 5 for a viewer. - The integration of the monitors 8, 9 is optional, the method for determining an optimal fog wall 11 + 13 thereof independently. - All modules of the system 1 are functionally connected to each other electrically.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung sind ein die Umgebung beobachtender Sensor 12, beispielsweise ein Laserwarner, sowie die Kamera 4, das Wärmebildgerät 5 und der UV- Sensor 6 am Werfer 2 direkt installiert. Dadurch sind der, die Nebelwolke 11 im sichtbaren Bereich und 13 als transparenter Infrarotnebel erzeugende Werfer (Wurfanlage) 2 und die Sensoren 4 - 6 bereits immer in gleicher Richtung ausgerichtet. In a preferred embodiment, a sensor 12 observing the environment, for example a laser detector, and the camera 4, the thermal imaging device 5 and the UV sensor 6 are installed directly on the projector 2. As a result, the fog cloud 11 in the visible range and 13 jets (throwing equipment) 2 producing transparent infrared fog and the sensors 4 - 6 are always aligned in the same direction.
Ausgehend von der Beobachtung der Umgebung (Fig. 2) einer zu schützenden, sich möglicherweise auch bewegenden Plattform 14 wird bei Feststellung einer Bedrohung eine Nebelwand 1 1 + 13 aufgebaut. Dies erfolgt herkömmlich durch Verschuss von vorzugsweise in der Luft zerlegbaren Kartuschen mit einer Wirkmasse, bestehend aus vorzugsweise rot- phosphor- und andern infrarotaktiven Teilchen / Substanzen/ Plättchen - Mittel - etc. (nicht näher dargestellt). Dadurch wird in kürzester Zeit die großflächige visuelle Nebelwolke 11 zur Unterbrechung der Sichtlinie des Gegners ausgebracht. Der Werfer 2 besitzt eine hinreichende Anzahl von Nebelkartuschen, die er simultan und / oder sequentiell in beliebiger Taktung ausbringen kann. Durch die infrarotaktiven Mittel wird bei entsprechender Konfiguration simultan die für den einseitig transparenten Infrarotnebel notwendige Partikelwolke 13 erzeugt. Starting from the observation of the environment (FIG. 2) of a platform 14 to be protected, possibly also moving, a smoke screen 1 1 + 13 is set up when a threat is detected. This is done conventionally by Verschuß of preferably in the air separable cartridges with an active mass, consisting of preferably red phosphorus and other infrared active particles / substances / platelets - agent - etc. (not shown in detail). As a result, the large-scale visual cloud of fog 11 is applied to interrupt the line of sight of the enemy in no time. The launcher 2 has a sufficient number of fog cartridges, which he can deploy simultaneously and / or sequentially in any timing. By means of the infrared-active agent, the particle cloud 13 necessary for the unilaterally transparent infrared mist is simultaneously generated with a corresponding configuration.
Nach Ausbringen der Nebelwolke .11 + 13 wird nun mittels der intelligenten Sensorsysteme 4 - 6 die Wirksamkeit der Nebelwand 1 1 + 13 im Umfeld der Sichtlinie überwacht, die Dichte und Homogenität gemessen. Das Bild im visuellen Bereich wird mittels TV- Kamera 4 gewonnen und an die Bild- und Dateneinheit im Rechner 3 gegeben. Mit Hilfe der in dieser Einheit hinterlegten Algorithmen wird dieses Bild dahingehend analysiert, ob das Gesichtsfeld im Umfeld der Sichtlinie die für den Rotphosphornebel typische weiße Reflexion aufweist. Im Infrarotbereich wird das Gesichtsfeld im Umfeld der Sichtlinie 10 mittels Wärmebildgerät 4 aufgescannt und dieses in der Bild- und Datenverarbeitungseinheit auf eine homogene, einseitig infrarotwirksame Partikeldichte analysiert. Das Verfahren kann aber auch manuell gestartet werden, beispielsweise wenn ein Beobachter eine Schwächung der Nebelwand 11 , 13 erkennt. Sind Dichte und Homogenität gegeben, werden keine weiteren Maßnahmen angewiesen. After deploying the fog cloud .11 + 13, the efficiency of the fog wall 1 1 + 13 in the vicinity of the line of sight is monitored by means of the intelligent sensor systems 4 - 6, the density and homogeneity are measured. The image in the visual area is obtained by means of TV camera 4 and given to the image and data unit in the computer 3. With the aid of the algorithms stored in this unit, this image is analyzed to determine whether the visual field in the vicinity of the line of sight has the white reflection typical for the red phosphorus fog. In the infrared range, the field of view is scanned in the vicinity of the line of sight 10 by means of thermal imaging device 4 and this analyzed in the image and data processing unit to a homogeneous, one-sided infrared effective particle density. However, the method can also be started manually, for example if an observer detects a weakening of the smoke screen 11, 13. If density and homogeneity are given, no further measures are instructed.
Wird hingegen eine Situation wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt ermittelt, werden vom Rechner 3 weitere Maßnahmen angewiesen. Dieses kann das zielgerichtete Verschießen von weiteren Nebelkartuschen durch den Nebelwerfer 2 in den ermittelten nicht mehr unterbrochenen Sichtlinienbereich 10 (Fig. 4) und / oder das Erhöhen der Konzentration in der gesamten Nebelwolke 11 + 13 allgemein (Fig. 5) sein. Das Anweisen kann auch durch eine, die Monitore 8, 9 betrachtende Person 12, also manuell erfolgen. If, on the other hand, a situation as shown in FIG. 3 is determined, the computer 3 instructs further measures. This may be the targeted firing of further mist cartridges through the fog ejector 2 into the determined uninterrupted line of sight area 10 (FIG. 4) and / or increasing the concentration throughout the cloud of fog 11 + 13 in general (FIG. 5). The instructing can also be done by a, the monitors 8, 9 viewing person 12, ie manually.
Alternativ aber auch ergänzend werden die Daten des Windsensors 7 mit in die Auswertung eingebunden. Durch die Messung des relativen Windes, auch als Vektor aus Fahrtwind und absolutem Wind, wird der Rechner 3 mit weiteren Informationen versorgt, sodass die Ausdehnung, Lage und Drift der Nebelwolke 13 berechnet werden kann und dieses bei der Ausrichtung der Werfers 2 Berücksichtigung findet. Alternatively but also in addition, the data of the wind sensor 7 are included in the evaluation. By measuring the relative wind, also as a vector of wind and absolute wind, the computer 3 is supplied with additional information, so that the extent, position and drift of the cloud of fog 13 can be calculated and this is taken into account in the alignment of the launcher 2.
Die optimierte Partikeldichte der Infrarotnebelwand 13 gewährleistet, dass die Sichtlinie 10 für gegnerische Wärmebildgeräte komplett unterbrochen ist. Mit Hilfe des eigenen Wärme- bildgerätes 5 ist aus Sicht der zu schützenden Plattform eine Restinformation der generi- schen Seite vorhanden. Dieses ist zwar durch die Infrarotpartikel erheblich gestört (Fig. 6a), kann aber mittels komplexer Bild optimierender Verfahren und Algorithmen verbessert werden. So besteht die Möglichkeit, die störenden Partikel weitestgehend zu eliminieren und so ein nahezu störungsfreies Feindbild auf dem Monitor 9 zu erzeugen (Fig. 6b). Die Aufbereitung des Bildes kann beispielsweise durch einen Histogramm- Optimierungsfilter, einen Medianfilter und / oder einen Maskenfilter realisiert werden. The optimized particle density of the infrared mist wall 13 ensures that the line of sight 10 for enemy thermal imaging devices is completely interrupted. With the help of your own heat From the point of view of the platform to be protected, imaging device 5 has residual information of the generic side. Although this is significantly disturbed by the infrared particles (FIG. 6a), it can be improved by means of complex image-optimizing methods and algorithms. Thus, it is possible to eliminate the interfering particles as much as possible and thus to produce an almost interference-free enemy image on the monitor 9 (FIG. 6b). The processing of the image can be realized for example by a histogram optimization filter, a median filter and / or a mask filter.
Fig. 7 zeigt die Vorrichtung 1 zur Erzeugung des einseitig transparenten Nebels bestehend aus dem Nebelgenerator bzw. der Wurfanlage 2 für das Verbringen von nebelerzeugenden Wirkkörpern, dem Wärmebildgerät 5 sowie dem Computer oder Rechner 3 mit der digitaler Bildverarbeitung. Ein weiterer Bestandteil der Vorrichtung 1 kann eine zusätzliche Waffenstation 20 sein. Fig. 7 shows the device 1 for generating the one-sided transparent mist consisting of the fog generator or the throwing machine 2 for the introduction of fog-generating active bodies, the thermal imaging device 5 and the computer or computer 3 with the digital image processing. Another component of the device 1 may be an additional weapon station 20.
Die Wurfanlage 2 dient zur Erzeugung bzw. Schaffung der spezifischen Nebelwand bzw. des Nebels -der Nebelwolke 1 1 , 13 - mit wellenlängenabhängigen Transmissionseigenschaften. Das Wärmebildgerät 5 weist die spezifische Filterung auf, wobei die spektrale Empfindlichkeit des Wärmebildgerätes 3 dort am höchsten ist, wo die Transmissionseigenschaften des Nebels ebenfalls ein Maximum aufweist. The litter 2 is used to create or create the specific fog wall or the mist-the cloud of mist 1 1, 13 - with wavelength-dependent transmission properties. The thermal imaging device 5 has the specific filtering, wherein the spectral sensitivity of the thermal imaging device 3 is highest where the transmission properties of the mist also has a maximum.
Durch die Wurfanlage 2 bzw. die ausgebrachten Wirkkörper wird die selektive Nebelwand 1 1 , 13 erzeugt, deren Eigenschaften im Wesentlichen durch folgende Parameter definiert sind: By throwing plant 2 or the ejected active body, the selective smoke wall 1 1, 13 is generated, the properties of which are essentially defined by the following parameters:
Selektive Transmissionseigenschaften (wird beispielhaft am Beispiel eines Rotphosphornebels dargestellt) = RP-Nebel weist einen selektiven Massenextinktionskoeffizienten auf. Dieser Koeffizient ist für den sichtbaren Bereich deutlich höher als für die Infrarot- Bereiche. Gemäß Lambert-Beer-Gesetz ist somit die Transmission dieses Nebels in den Infrarotbereichen deutlich höher als im sichtbaren Bereich. Selective transmission properties (exemplified by the example of a red phosphorus mist) = RP fog has a selective mass extinction coefficient. This coefficient is significantly higher for the visible range than for the infrared ranges. According to Lambert-Beer's law, the transmission of this fog is thus significantly higher in the infrared ranges than in the visible range.
(-a*c*d) wobei (-a * c * d) in which
α - Massenextinktionskoeffizient [m2/g] α - mass extinction coefficient [m 2 / g]
c - Nebelkonzentration  c - fog concentration
d - Dicke der Nebelwand  d - thickness of the smoke screen
sind. Fig. 8 zeigt die Zusammenhänge dieser Größen. Konzentration und Dicke der Nebelwand = Durch Erhöhung der Nebelkonzentration c lässt sich, ebenso wir durch Erhöhung der Dicke der Nebelwand d die Transmissionseigenschaft der Nebelwand steuern. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass durch die Umwelteffekte wie Luftfeuchte, Wind etc. die Transmissionseigenschaften der Nebelwolke 6 häufig starken zeitlichen Schwankungen unterliegen. are. Fig. 8 shows the relationships of these quantities. Concentration and thickness of the smoke screen = By increasing the fog concentration c, we can control the transmission property of the fog wall by increasing the thickness of the fog wall d. It should be noted that due to the environmental effects such as humidity, wind, etc., the transmission properties of the cloud of fog 6 are often subject to strong temporal variations.
- Clutter- und Überstrahlungseffekte = Bei der Generierung der Nebelwand entstehen zusätzlich durch Nebelzerlegung und Nebelabbrand gezielt Wärmeeffekte, die zu zeitlich und / oder räumlich inhomogenen Strahlungseffekten führen, welche das Wärmebild sowohl feind- als auch freundseitig stören. - Cluttering and overexposure effects = In the generation of the smoke screen caused by fog decomposition and Nebelabbrand specifically heat effects that lead to temporally and / or spatially inhomogeneous radiation effects that disturb the thermal image both enemy and friend.
Nunmehr ist es anhand dieser Überlegungen und über die Wahl der Nebelsubstanz, der Nebelkonzentration (CL c2, c3), der Dicke der Nebelwand (d^ d2, d3) und der Erzeugung von Infrarot-Partikeln möglich einen Nebel zu generieren, welcher im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich undurchsichtig ist, in den Infrarotbereichen jedoch eine Resttransmission aufweist (z.B. c3*d3), siehe Fig. 9. Based on these considerations and on the choice of fog substance, the fog concentration (CL c 2 , c 3 ), the thickness of the fog wall (d ^ d 2 , d 3 ) and the generation of infrared particles it is now possible to generate a mist, which is opaque in the visible wavelength range but has a residual transmission in the infrared ranges (eg c 3 * d 3 ), see FIG. 9.
Diese Resttransmission kann zeitlichen und räumlichen Schwankungen unterworfen sein und zusätzlich durch Störgrößen wie Überstrahlungseffekten beim Nebelabbrand gestört werden. Dieses kann durch die digitale Bildverarbeitung des Wärmebildes der Wärmebildkamera 5 im Rechner 3 durch Optimierung des Bildes behoben werden, sodass die Störeffekte„freundseitig" eliminiert werden. Insbesondere werden mittels der digitalen Bildverarbeitung im Rechner 3 die Einstellung der Empfindlichkeit des Wärmebildes durch digitale Anpassung von Range und Level an die Transmissions- und Emissionseigenschaften sowie die Eliminierung von zeitlichen und räumlichen Schwankungen der Transmission durch Vermessung von stabilen Referenzzielpunkten innerhalb des Wärmebildes vorgenommen. Weiterhin erfolgt die„freundseitige" Eliminierung von Überstrahlungseffekten hervorgerufen durch die Infrarot-Partikel durch Anwendung spezifischer Algorithmen wie Masking Filter, Cloning Filter, Median Filter, Poisson Hole Filing etc. This residual transmission may be subject to temporal and spatial fluctuations and be additionally disturbed by disturbances such as Überstrahlungseffekten the fog burn. This can be corrected by optimizing the image by the digital image processing of the thermal image of the thermal imaging camera 5 in the computer 3, so that the interference effects are eliminated "friendly." In particular, digital image processing in the computer 3 adjusts the sensitivity of the thermal image by digitally adjusting Range and leveling out the transmission and emission characteristics, and eliminating temporal and spatial variations in transmission by measuring stable reference targets within the thermal image, and eliminating "over-the-air" effects caused by the infrared particles by using specific algorithms such as masking filters , Cloning Filter, Median Filter, Poisson Hole Filing etc.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Vorrichtung (1 ) zur Erzeugung einer wirksamen Nebelwand bzw. Nebelwolke(1 1 , 13) zum Schutz, mit wenigstens einem Werfer (2), gekennzeichnet durch eine, die Dichte und Homogenität der Nebelwand (1 1 , 13) messende Sensorik (4) und / oder ein diese abbildendes Wärmebildgerät (5), wobei die Sensorik (4) als auch das Wärmebildgerät (5) mit einem Rechner (3) verbunden sind und im Rechner (3) Algorithmen zur Analyse der Wirksamkeit der Nebelwand (1 1 , 13) hinterlegt sind, und in Auswertung dieser Informationen die Nebelwand oder Nebelwolke (1 1 , 13) durch gezielten Verschuss weiterer Nebel erzeugender Mittel aus dem wenigstens einen Werfer (2) entsprechend stabilisiert und / oder erweitert werden kann. 1. Device (1) for generating an effective fog wall or cloud of mist (1 1, 13) for protection, with at least one launcher (2), characterized by a, the density and homogeneity of the fog wall (1 1, 13) measuring sensors ( 4) and / or an imaging thermal imaging device (5), wherein the sensor (4) and the thermal imaging device (5) are connected to a computer (3) and in the computer (3) algorithms for analyzing the effectiveness of the fog wall (1 1 , 13) are deposited, and in evaluation of this information, the fog wall or cloud of mist (1 1, 13) can be appropriately stabilized and / or expanded by targeted Verschuß further mist generating means from the at least one projector (2).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Windssensor (7) eingebunden ist, der mit dem Rechner (3) verbunden ist, sodass durch die Messung des relativen Windes, auch als Vektor aus Fahrtwind und absolutem Wind, der Rechner (3) die Ausdehnung, Lage und Drift der Nebelwolke (13) unter Berücksichtigung dieser Information ermittelt und diese bei der Ausrichtung der Werfers (2) Berücksichtigung findet. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wind sensor (7) is integrated, which is connected to the computer (3), so that by measuring the relative wind, as a vector of wind and absolute wind, the computer ( 3) determines the extent, position and drift of the cloud of fog (13) taking into account this information and this is taken into account in the alignment of the launcher (2).
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein UV- Sensor (6) eingebunden ist, der mit dem Rechner (3) verbunden ist. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a UV sensor (6) is integrated, which is connected to the computer (3).
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Monitore (8, 9) mit dem Rechner (3) verbunden sind. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that monitors (8, 9) are connected to the computer (3).
5. Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer wirksamen Nebelwand bzw. Nebelwolke (1 1 , 13), gekennzeichnet durch eine Messung der Nebelwand (1 1 ) mit den Schritten: 5. A method for generating an effective fog wall or cloud of mist (1 1, 13), characterized by a measurement of the fog wall (1 1) with the steps:
• Abbilden der Dichte und Homogenität der Nebelwand (1 1 ) insbesondere im Umfeld einer Sichtlinie (10) in einem Bild mittels Kamera (4),  Imaging the density and homogeneity of the fog wall (1 1), in particular in the vicinity of a line of sight (10) in an image by means of a camera (4),
• Analyse des Bildes mit Hilfe von in einem Rechner (3) hinterlegten Algorithmen, wobei überprüft wird, ob das Gesichtsfeld im Umfeld der Sichtlinie (10) die für den Rotphosphornebel typische weiße Reflexion aufweist und / oder • Analysis of the image with the aid of algorithms deposited in a computer (3), whereby it is checked whether the visual field in the vicinity of the line of sight (10) has the white reflection which is typical for the red phosphorus fog and / or
• Abbilden der Dichte und Homogenität der Nebelwand (13) insbesondere im Umfeld einer Sichtlinie (10) in einem Bild mittels eines Wärmebildgerätes (5),Imaging the density and homogeneity of the fog wall (13), in particular in the vicinity of a line of sight (10) in an image by means of a thermal imaging device (5),
• Analyse des Bildes mit Hilfe von im Rechner (3) hinterlegten Algorithmen, wobei • die Infrarotnebelwand (13) auf eine homogene, einseitig infrarotwirksame Partikeldichte hin analysiert wird und • Analysis of the image by means of algorithms stored in the computer (3), wherein • the infrared mist wall (13) is analyzed for a homogeneous, one-sided infrared effective particle density and
• stabilisieren und / oder erweitern der Nebelwand oder Nebelwolke (11 , 13) durch gezielten Verschuss weiterer Nebel erzeugender Mittel aus wenigstens einem Werfer (2) in Auswertung wenigsten einer dieser Analysen.  • Stabilize and / or expand the fog wall or cloud of mist (11, 13) by targeted Verschuss further fog generating means from at least one launcher (2) in evaluation least one of these analyzes.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Bedrohungsrichtung, Bedrohungsentfernung, Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit, Fahrtrichtung und Fahrtgeschwindigkeit in der zeitlichen und räumlichen Ausbringung der visuellen und infraroten Sichtlinienunterbrechung berücksichtigt werden. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that a threat direction, threat distance, wind direction, wind speed, direction of travel and speed in the temporal and spatial application of the visual and infrared line-of-sight interruption are taken into account.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bilder auf Monitore (8, 9) abgebildet werden können. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the images on monitors (8, 9) can be imaged.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maßnahmen nur dann angewiesen werden, wenn Dichte und Homogenität in der Nebelwand (1 , 13) nicht gegeben sind. 8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the measures are only instructed if density and homogeneity in the fog wall (1, 13) are not given.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das durch die Infrarotpartikel erheblich gestörte Bild auf dem Monitor (8, 9) mittels komplexer Bild optimierender Verfahren und Algorithmen verbessert werden kann, um störenden Partikel weitestgehend zu eliminieren und so ein nahezu störungsfreies Bild auf dem Monitor (8, 9) zu erzeugen. 9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the image significantly disturbed by the infrared particles on the monitor (8, 9) can be improved by means of complex image optimizing methods and algorithms to eliminate disturbing particles as far as possible and so on almost trouble-free image on the monitor (8, 9) to produce.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufbereitung des Bildes beispielsweise durch einen Histogramm- Optimierungsfilter, einen Medianfilter und / oder einen Maskenfilter realisiert werden kann. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the processing of the image can be realized for example by a histogram optimization filter, a median filter and / or a mask filter.
1 1. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich undurchsichtige in den Infrarotbereichen jedoch eine Resttransmission aufweisende Nebelwolke (1 1 , 13) geschaffen wird durch eine gezielte Auswahl der Nebelsubstanz (a), der Nebelkonzentration (c^ c2, c3) und der Dicke der Nebelwand (d^ d2, d3) sowie der Infrarot-Partikel beim Nebelabbrand. 1 1. A method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that in the visible wavelength range opaque in the infrared regions but a residual transmission fog cloud (1 1, 13) is created by a targeted selection of the fog substance (a), the fog concentration ( c ^ c 2 , c 3 ) and the thickness of the fog wall (d ^ d 2 , d 3 ) and the infrared particles during fog burn.
12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Störgrößen der Nebelwolke (1 1 , 13) durch die digitale Bildverarbeitung des Wärmebildes der Wärmekamera (5) in einem Rechner (5)„freundseitig" weitestgehend eliminiert werden, wobei dieses über die Einstellung der Empfindlichkeit des Wärmebildes erfolgt. 12. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that disturbance variables of the cloud of mist (1 1, 13) by the digital image processing of the thermal image of the thermal camera (5) in a computer (5) "friends" are largely eliminated, this via the adjustment of the sensitivity of the thermal image.
13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Eliminierung von zeitlichen und räumlichen Schwankungen der Transmission durch Vermessung von stabilen Referenzzielpunkten innerhalb des Wärmebildes erfolgt. 13. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that there is an elimination of temporal and spatial variations in the transmission by measuring stable reference targets within the thermal image.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Eliminierung von Überstrahlungseffekten, insbesondere hervorgerufen durch Infrarot- Partikel, „freundseitig" durch Anwendung spezifischer Algorithmen wie Masking Filter, Cloning Filter, Median Filter, Poisson Hole Filing etc. erfolgt. 14. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that an elimination of Überstrahlungseffekten, in particular caused by infrared particles, "friendly" by applying specific algorithms such as masking filter, cloning filter, median filter, Poisson Hole Filing etc. takes place ,
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmebildgerät (5) eine spezifische Filterung aufweist, wobei die spektrale Empfindlichkeit der Wärmebildkamera (5) dort am höchsten ist, wo die Transmissionseigenschaften des Nebels ebenfalls ein Maximum aufweist. 15. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 14, characterized in that the thermal imaging device (5) has a specific filtering, wherein the spectral sensitivity of the thermal imager (5) is highest where the transmission properties of the mist also has a maximum.
EP11745935.4A 2010-08-31 2011-08-13 Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud Active EP2612101B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102010036026A DE102010036026A1 (en) 2010-08-31 2010-08-31 Smoke screen effectiveness determining device for protecting e.g. military platform, has measuring sensor system connected with data processing unit, and data processing algorithms provided for analysis of effectiveness of smoke screen
DE201110106201 DE102011106201A1 (en) 2011-06-07 2011-06-07 Device for producing multi-spectral fog walls and/or fog clouds for protection of e.g. land vehicle from threat, has sensor connected with computer, where fog walls/clouds are stabilized/expanded during evaluation of information in computer
PCT/EP2011/004082 WO2012028257A1 (en) 2010-08-31 2011-08-13 Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud

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