EP2611994B1 - Method for stopping a turboset - Google Patents

Method for stopping a turboset Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2611994B1
EP2611994B1 EP11771087.1A EP11771087A EP2611994B1 EP 2611994 B1 EP2611994 B1 EP 2611994B1 EP 11771087 A EP11771087 A EP 11771087A EP 2611994 B1 EP2611994 B1 EP 2611994B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
exciter
power
turbine
turbo set
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EP11771087.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2611994A1 (en
Inventor
Arne Grassmann
Christian Musch
Heinrich STÜER
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for running a turbo set.
  • the shutdown of the turbo set is usually done by disconnecting the generator from a coupled power grid and reducing a live steam supply of the steam turbine. The decoupled from the mains generator then runs at idle with the steam turbine. After disconnecting the generator from the mains and reducing the live steam supply, a kinetic energy stored in the turbine set is substantially reduced via a friction loss at a bearing associated with the steam turbine plant and via a ventilation loss in the steam turbine. Since the friction and ventilation losses are typically small compared to the kinetic energy stored in the turbine set, the turbo set has long flow times of up to one hour.
  • turbo set passes through so-called blade resonances, which can lead to strong vibrations on a blade belonging to the turbine. This can lead to a lifetime consumption of the blading, wherein a slower passage through the turbine set by the blade resonances can be equal to a greater lifetime consumption. Therefore, a quick shutdown of the turbo set is desirable.
  • a known measure to accelerate the shutdown process is to break a vacuum of a capacitor belonging to the steam turbine plant, whereby the ventilation losses are increased.
  • used in emergency shutdowns measure However, additional loads on the blading, resulting in an even higher loss of life occurs.
  • WO 2009/038562 A2 For example, a method for preventing over-rotation of a turbine-driven generator in the event of a sudden disconnection of the generator from the grid. For this purpose, an additional electrical load is switched on, which absorbs the energy from the generator, whereby the system can be slowed down without overspeeding.
  • the DE 10 2004 016450 A1 relates to a generator circuit for generating a controllable braking power, in particular during startup and / or shutdown of an engine-connected to the generator engine, such as a turbine.
  • the generator circuit comprises an exciter circuit, via which the stator of the generator and the rotor of the generator are connected to each other.
  • an electric power is tapped from the stator and fed to the rotor via the excitation circuit.
  • at least one further electrical load is arranged, which can be connected to the excitation circuit to increase the braking power of the generator.
  • the US 2 285 208 A discloses an automatic turbine control system for starting and shutting down a turbine system.
  • the DE 198 39 636 A1 shows a power plant with a turbine driven generator and method of operation such a power plant.
  • the generator generates electrical power. This is delivered via a generator switch to an electrical network. A reconnection of the generator to the network after an accidental disconnection without resynchronization over a prolonged period is made possible by the fact that between the output of the generator and the generator switch a switchable electrical equivalent load is arranged.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for running a turbo set for a steam turbine plant, in which the above problems are largely avoided and in particular the flow time of the turbo set is shortened.
  • the inventive method for running a turbine set for a steam turbine plant comprises the steps of: providing the turbo set comprising a steam turbine and a generator, the generator having an exciter and an excitation winding; Driving the steam turbine with live steam and dissipating the generator power to a power receiver; Disconnecting the generator from the power receiver; reduce the steam supply to the turbine; Switching the generator in a partial short-circuit operation, wherein by means of the exciter machine, the field winding is supplied with an electrical excitation current such that the generator acts as a load on the steam turbine, wherein the Exciter current is dimensioned such that the loss of heat caused by the excitation current of the generator leaves it intact.
  • the generator serves as an energy sink for a kinetic energy of the turbo set.
  • the generator is switched to a partial short-circuit operation and the exciter winding supplied with the electrical exciter current such that there is a braking power of the generator results.
  • kinetic energy is withdrawn from the turbo set, whereby the turbo set is decelerated and has a significantly shorter flow time.
  • the turbine passes through so-called blade resonances, which can cause strong blade vibrations when driving off.
  • blade vibrations lead to an increased load on the turbine and can thus lead to an increased lifetime consumption. Due to the shortened when using the method according to the invention for running the turbo set flow time, the blade resonances are passed through quickly and consequently in a shorter period of time. As a result, a load on the turbine is reduced due to strong blade vibrations and associated lifetime consumption is advantageously minimized.
  • the generator preferably has a generator cooler and the method comprises the steps of: determining the generator cooling capacity of the generator cooler during operation of the turbo set; Dimensioning the exciting current so that the heat loss does not exceed the generator cooling capacity.
  • the exciter winding is preferably supplied with the electrical excitation current by means of the excitation machine in such a way that the heat loss occurring at the generator always corresponds to the generator cooling power.
  • the turbine set is continuously withdrawn precisely the amount of energy that can be derived as maximum heat loss through the generator cooler.
  • the generator is thus protected by means of the already existing generator cooler from thermal damage, such as overheating of its field winding.
  • the speed gradient during the shutdown of the turbo set by means of the generator is made as large as possible, whereby the blade resonances are traversed as quickly as possible.
  • the excitation winding is preferably supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine in such a way that a mechanical loading of the turbo set during retraction is minimized.
  • the degree of mechanical loading of the turbine set with regard to the passage through blade resonances is preferably defined.
  • the generator is operated as a function of mechanical loads occurring on components of the turbo set, which result in particular when passing through blade resonances.
  • the turbo set is driven off with a speed gradient adapted to the blade resonances.
  • the exciter winding is supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine such that the turbine outlet runs gently, whereby the mechanical load is minimized.
  • the generator cooling power is preferably determined as a function of the mechanical power supplied to the generator and the electrical terminal power output by the generator.
  • the generator cooling power is preferably determined by means of the generator efficiency.
  • the method relates to a shutdown of a turbine set comprising a turbine and a generator.
  • the turbine is supplied with a live steam, which relaxes in the turbine and thus drives the turbine.
  • the turbine has a rotor coupled to a rotor of the generator.
  • the generator is further coupled to a power collector, for example a power grid.
  • a power collector for example a power grid.
  • To shut down the turbo set the live steam supply to the turbine is reduced and the generator is disconnected from the mains. Conventionally, the generator then idles with the turbine.
  • a curve 1 shows a curve of the rotational speed of a turbo set when driving off.
  • the steam supply to the turbine is reduced and also decoupled the generator from the mains, whereby the generator idles with the shaft line runs.
  • a reduction in the kinetic energy of the turbo set takes place, inter alia, by means of bearing friction losses on the bearings belonging to the steam turbine plant and by means of ventilation losses in the turbine. With the thus expiring turbo set according to the curve 1, flow times of up to one hour result.
  • the turbo set also passes through a critical speed range 2, in which so-called blade resonances can occur at an associated turbine blading. This leads to strong vibrations at the turbine blading and thus to an increased lifetime consumption.
  • a curve 3 shows the speed of the turbo set in a braked downhill according to the inventive method. In this case, an exciter winding attached to the rotor is acted on by an electrical excitation current, whereby a magnetic field is generated on the rotor. At the stator winding of the generator an electrical current is induced, which is converted into a heat loss in a partial short-circuit operation of the generator.
  • the generator is thus provided according to the invention as an additional load on the turbo set, which is operated to the sub-short circuit and thus serves as an energy sink.
  • the generator generates the heat loss, which is always to be dimensioned by means of an excitation current of the generator so that the generator takes no damage due to overheating.
  • a generator cooling capacity plotted over time as curve 4, determined and the generator is supplied with an excitation current such that the resulting heat loss of the generator always corresponds to the generator cooling power.
  • the heat loss of the generator is related to the braking power of the generator 5, which in turn is proportional to the excitation current.
  • Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of power curves, plotted against time, shown, in which the generator braking power 5 the Generator cooler power 4 briefly exceeds, in order to decelerate the turbo set when passing through the critical speed range 2.
  • the resulting heat loss on the generator does not damage this, since by means of the excitation current, the heat loss is dimensioned accordingly.
  • a time period 9 which is required for a braked ride through the critical speed range 2, significantly shorter than a period 10 for an unrestrained departure.
  • the exciter current of the generator is turned off, causing the generator to idle with the turbo set.
  • the turbo set can be braked to drive through the critical speed range as quickly as possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abfahren eines Turbosatzes.The invention relates to a method for running a turbo set.

Beim Betrieb eines Turbosatzes mit einer Dampfturbine und einem Generator für eine Dampfturbinenanlage kann es zu Störfällen kommen, die ein Abfahren des Turbosatzes notwendig machen. Das Abfahren des Turbosatzes erfolgt in der Regel durch ein Trennen des Generators von einem angekoppelten Stromnetz sowie einem Verringern einer Frischdampfzufuhr der Dampfturbine. Der vom Stromnetz abgekoppelte Generator läuft dann im Leerlauf mit der Dampfturbine. Nach dem Trennen des Generators vom Stromnetz sowie dem Verringern der Frischdampfzufuhr wird eine im Turbosatz gespeicherte kinetische Energie im Wesentlichen via einem Reibungsverlust an einem zur Dampfturbinenanlage gehörigen Lager sowie via einem Ventilationsverlust in der Dampfturbine abgebaut. Da die Reibungs- und die Ventilationsverluste typischerweise klein gegenüber der im Turbosatz gespeicherten kinetischen Energie sind, weist der Turbosatz lange Auslaufzeiten von bis zu einer Stunde auf.When operating a turbo set with a steam turbine and a generator for a steam turbine plant, it can lead to incidents that require a shutdown of the turbo set. The shutdown of the turbo set is usually done by disconnecting the generator from a coupled power grid and reducing a live steam supply of the steam turbine. The decoupled from the mains generator then runs at idle with the steam turbine. After disconnecting the generator from the mains and reducing the live steam supply, a kinetic energy stored in the turbine set is substantially reduced via a friction loss at a bearing associated with the steam turbine plant and via a ventilation loss in the steam turbine. Since the friction and ventilation losses are typically small compared to the kinetic energy stored in the turbine set, the turbo set has long flow times of up to one hour.

Zudem durchfährt der Turbosatz sogenannte Schaufelresonanzen, wobei es zu starken Schwingungen an einer zur Turbine gehörigen Beschaufelung kommen kann. Dies kann zu einem Lebensdauerverbrauch der Beschaufelung führen, wobei ein langsameres Durchfahren des Turbosatzes durch die Schaufelresonanzen einem größeren Lebensdauerverbrauch gleich stehen kann. Daher ist ein zügiges Abfahren des Turbosatzes wünschenswert.In addition, the turbo set passes through so-called blade resonances, which can lead to strong vibrations on a blade belonging to the turbine. This can lead to a lifetime consumption of the blading, wherein a slower passage through the turbine set by the blade resonances can be equal to a greater lifetime consumption. Therefore, a quick shutdown of the turbo set is desirable.

Eine bekannte Maßnahme den Abfahrvorgang zu beschleunigen ist ein Vakuum eines zur Dampfturbinenanlage gehörigen Kondensators zu brechen, wodurch die Ventilationsverluste erhöht werden. Bei dieser, bei Notfallabschaltungen eingesetzten Maßnahme entstehen jedoch zusätzliche Belastungen an der Beschaufelung, wodurch ein noch höherer Lebensdauerverlust auftritt.A known measure to accelerate the shutdown process is to break a vacuum of a capacitor belonging to the steam turbine plant, whereby the ventilation losses are increased. In this case, used in emergency shutdowns measure However, additional loads on the blading, resulting in an even higher loss of life occurs.

Aus der WO 2009/038562 A2 geht ein Verfahren zur Verhinderung eines Überdrehens eines von einer Turbine angetriebenen Generators bei einer plötzlichen Trennung des Generators vom Netz hervor. Dazu wird eine zusätzliche elektrische Last zugeschaltet, die die Energie vom Generator aufnimmt, womit das System ohne zu Überdrehen verlangsamt werden kann.From the WO 2009/038562 A2 For example, a method for preventing over-rotation of a turbine-driven generator in the event of a sudden disconnection of the generator from the grid. For this purpose, an additional electrical load is switched on, which absorbs the energy from the generator, whereby the system can be slowed down without overspeeding.

Die DE 10 2004 016450 A1 betrifft eine Generatorbeschaltung zur Erzeugung einer regelbaren Bremsleistung, insbesondere während des Anfahrens und/oder des Herunterfahrens einer mit dem Generator antriebsverbundenen Kraftmaschine, beispielsweise einer Turbine. Die Generatorbeschaltung umfasst einen Erregerkreis, über den der Stator des Generators und der Läufer des Generators miteinander verbunden sind. Zum Zwecke der Fremderregung des Läufers wird eine elektrische Leistung von dem Stator abgegriffen und über den Erregerkreis dem Läufer zugeführt. Dabei ist wenigstens ein weiterer elektrischer Verbraucher angeordnet, der dem Erregerkreis zur Erhöhung der Bremsleistung des Generators zuschaltbar ist.The DE 10 2004 016450 A1 relates to a generator circuit for generating a controllable braking power, in particular during startup and / or shutdown of an engine-connected to the generator engine, such as a turbine. The generator circuit comprises an exciter circuit, via which the stator of the generator and the rotor of the generator are connected to each other. For the purpose of the external excitation of the rotor, an electric power is tapped from the stator and fed to the rotor via the excitation circuit. In this case, at least one further electrical load is arranged, which can be connected to the excitation circuit to increase the braking power of the generator.

Aus der DE 20 2004 003 772 U1 geht eine Anordnung zur Drehzahlstabilisierung von Gleichstromgeneratoren hervor. Dabei ist eine elektrische Last vorgesehen, die an Ausgängen des Generators zu- oder abschaltbar ist und mit der eine Drehzahl einer Expansionsmaschine steuerbar ist.From the DE 20 2004 003 772 U1 shows an arrangement for speed stabilization of DC generators. In this case, an electrical load is provided, which is connected to outputs of the generator or can be switched off and with which a speed of an expansion machine is controlled.

Die US 2 285 208 A offenbart ein automatisches Turbinenkontrollsystem zum Anfahren und Herunterfahren eines Turbinensystems.The US 2 285 208 A discloses an automatic turbine control system for starting and shutting down a turbine system.

Die DE 198 39 636 A1 zeigt ein Kraftwerk mit einem von einer Turbine angetriebenen Generator sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Kraftwerkes. Dabei erzeugt der Generator elektrische Leistung. Diese wird über einen Generatorschalter an ein elektrisches Netz abgegeben. Ein Wiederzuschalten des Generators zum Netz nach einem störfallbedingten Abtrennen ohne Neusynchronisation über einen verlängerten Zeitraum wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass zwischen dem Ausgang des Generators und dem Generatorschalter eine zuschaltbare elektrische Ersatzlast angeordnet ist.The DE 198 39 636 A1 shows a power plant with a turbine driven generator and method of operation such a power plant. The generator generates electrical power. This is delivered via a generator switch to an electrical network. A reconnection of the generator to the network after an accidental disconnection without resynchronization over a prolonged period is made possible by the fact that between the output of the generator and the generator switch a switchable electrical equivalent load is arranged.

Aus der US 4 227 093 A gehen ein System und ein Verfahren zum computergesteuerten Anfahren und zur Synchronisation einer Turbine hervor. Es werden Dampfstrom und Druckbedingungen beeinflusst, um die Geschwindigkeit und die Lastanforderung des Stromerzeugersystems zu erfüllen.From the US 4,227,093 A A system and method for computer controlled start-up and synchronization of a turbine is apparent. Vapor flow and pressure conditions are affected to meet the speed and load requirements of the generator system.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Abfahren eines Turbosatzes für eine Dampfturbinenanlage zu schaffen, bei dem die oben genannten Probleme weitestgehend vermieden sind und insbesondere die Auslaufzeit des Turbosatzes verkürzt ist.The invention has for its object to provide a method for running a turbo set for a steam turbine plant, in which the above problems are largely avoided and in particular the flow time of the turbo set is shortened.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren zum Abfahren eines Turbosatzes für eine Dampfturbinenanlage gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved with a method for running a turbo set for a steam turbine plant according to claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abfahren eines Turbosatzes für eine Dampfturbinenanlage weist die Schritte auf: Bereitstellen des Turbosatzes, der eine Dampfturbine und einen Generator umfasst, wobei der Generator eine Erregermaschine und eine Erregerwicklung aufweist; Antreiben der Dampfturbine mit Frischdampf und Abführen der Generatorleistung an einen Leistungsempfänger; Abkoppeln des Generators vom Leistungsempfänger; verringern der Frischdampfzufuhr zur Turbine; Schalten des Generators in einen Teilkurzschlussbetrieb, wobei mittels der Erregermaschine die Erregerwicklung derart mit einem elektrischen Erregerstrom versorgt wird, dass der Generator als eine Last an der Dampfturbine wirkt, wobei der Erregerstrom derart dimensioniert ist, dass die vom Erregerstrom verursachte Verlustwärme des Generators diesen unversehrt lässt.The inventive method for running a turbine set for a steam turbine plant comprises the steps of: providing the turbo set comprising a steam turbine and a generator, the generator having an exciter and an excitation winding; Driving the steam turbine with live steam and dissipating the generator power to a power receiver; Disconnecting the generator from the power receiver; reduce the steam supply to the turbine; Switching the generator in a partial short-circuit operation, wherein by means of the exciter machine, the field winding is supplied with an electrical excitation current such that the generator acts as a load on the steam turbine, wherein the Exciter current is dimensioned such that the loss of heat caused by the excitation current of the generator leaves it intact.

Zum Verkürzen der von herkömmlichen Turbosätzen bekannten langen Auslaufzeit von bis zu einer Stunde wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem der Generator als eine Energiesenke für eine kinetische Energie des Turbosatzes dient. Dazu wird der Generator in einen Teilkurzschlussbetrieb geschaltet und die Erregerwicklung mit dem elektrischen Erregerstrom derart versorgt, dass sich eine Bremsleistung des Generators ergibt. Dadurch wird dem Turbosatz zusätzlich zu den sonst auftretenden Energieverlusten, wie etwa durch einen Reibungsverlust an einem zur Dampfturbinenanlage gehörigen Lager oder einem Ventilationsverlust in der Turbine, kinetische Energie entzogen, wodurch der Turbosatz abgebremst wird und eine deutlich kürzere Auslaufzeit hat.In order to shorten the long flow time of up to one hour known from conventional turbo sets, a method is proposed according to the invention in which the generator serves as an energy sink for a kinetic energy of the turbo set. For this purpose, the generator is switched to a partial short-circuit operation and the exciter winding supplied with the electrical exciter current such that there is a braking power of the generator results. As a result, in addition to the otherwise occurring energy losses, such as a loss of friction at a bearing associated with the steam turbine plant or a loss of ventilation in the turbine, kinetic energy is withdrawn from the turbo set, whereby the turbo set is decelerated and has a significantly shorter flow time.

Zudem durchfährt die Turbine beim Abfahren sogenannte Schaufelresonanzen, die starke Schaufelschwingungen nach sich ziehen können. Diese Schaufelschwingungen führen zu einer erhöhten Belastung der Turbine und können somit zu einem erhöhten Lebensdauerverbrauch führen. Aufgrund der bei einer Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Abfahren des Turbosatzes verkürzten Auslaufzeit werden die Schaufelresonanzen schnell und folglich in einer kürzeren Zeitspanne durchfahren. Dadurch ist eine Belastung der Turbine aufgrund von starken Schaufelschwingungen verringert und ein damit einhergehender Lebensdauerverbrauch wird vorteilhaft minimiert.In addition, the turbine passes through so-called blade resonances, which can cause strong blade vibrations when driving off. These blade vibrations lead to an increased load on the turbine and can thus lead to an increased lifetime consumption. Due to the shortened when using the method according to the invention for running the turbo set flow time, the blade resonances are passed through quickly and consequently in a shorter period of time. As a result, a load on the turbine is reduced due to strong blade vibrations and associated lifetime consumption is advantageously minimized.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren weist bevorzugt der Generator einen Generatorkühler auf und das Verfahren umfasst die Schritte: Ermitteln der Generatorkühlerleistung des Generatorkühlers im Betrieb des Turbosatzes; Dimensionieren des Erregerstroms derart, dass die Verlustwärme die Generatorkühlerleistung nicht übersteigt. Ferner wird bevorzugt mittels der Erregermaschine die Erregerwicklung derart mit dem elektrischen Erregerstrom versorgt, dass die am Generator sich einstellende Verlustwärme stets der Generatorkühlerleistung entspricht. Dadurch wird dem Turbosatz kontinuierlich genau die Energiemenge entzogen, die als Verlustwärme durch den Generatorkühler maximal abgeleitet werden kann. Der Generator ist somit mittels dem bereits vorhandenen Generatorkühler vor einem thermischen Schaden geschützt, etwa durch ein Überhitzen seiner Erregerwicklung. Es wird also der Drehzahlgradient beim Abfahren des Turbosatzes mittels des Generators so groß wie möglich gestaltet, wodurch die Schaufelresonanzen schnellstmöglich durchfahren werden.In the method according to the invention, the generator preferably has a generator cooler and the method comprises the steps of: determining the generator cooling capacity of the generator cooler during operation of the turbo set; Dimensioning the exciting current so that the heat loss does not exceed the generator cooling capacity. Furthermore, the exciter winding is preferably supplied with the electrical excitation current by means of the excitation machine in such a way that the heat loss occurring at the generator always corresponds to the generator cooling power. As a result, the turbine set is continuously withdrawn precisely the amount of energy that can be derived as maximum heat loss through the generator cooler. The generator is thus protected by means of the already existing generator cooler from thermal damage, such as overheating of its field winding. Thus, the speed gradient during the shutdown of the turbo set by means of the generator is made as large as possible, whereby the blade resonances are traversed as quickly as possible.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird alternativ bevorzugt mittels der Erregermaschine die Erregerwicklung derart mit dem elektrischen Erregerstrom versorgt, dass eine mechanische Belastung des Turbosatzes beim Abfahren minimiert wird. Dabei ist bevorzugt der Grad der mechanischen Belastung des Turbosatzes hinsichtlich des Durchfahrens von Schaufelresonanzen definiert. Zum Minimieren der mechanischen Belastung des Turbosatzes wird der Generator in Abhängigkeit von an Bauteilen des Turbosatzes auftretenden mechanischen Belastungen betrieben, die insbesondere beim Durchfahren von Schaufelresonanzen resultieren. Um die mechanischen Belastungen gering zu halten, wird der Turbosatz mit einem an die Schaufelresonanzen angepassten Drehzahlgradienten abgefahren. Dazu wird mittels der Erregermaschine die Erregerwicklung derart mit dem elektrischen Erregerstrom versorgt, dass der Turbinenauslauf schonend verläuft, wodurch die mechanische Belastung minimiert wird.In the method according to the invention, alternatively, the excitation winding is preferably supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine in such a way that a mechanical loading of the turbo set during retraction is minimized. In this case, the degree of mechanical loading of the turbine set with regard to the passage through blade resonances is preferably defined. In order to minimize the mechanical load on the turbine set, the generator is operated as a function of mechanical loads occurring on components of the turbo set, which result in particular when passing through blade resonances. In order to keep the mechanical loads low, the turbo set is driven off with a speed gradient adapted to the blade resonances. For this purpose, the exciter winding is supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine such that the turbine outlet runs gently, whereby the mechanical load is minimized.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird die Generatorkühlerleistung bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit der dem Generator zugeführten mechanischen Leistung und der vom Generator abgegebenen elektrischen Klemmenleistung ermittelt. Dabei wird die Generatorkühlerleistung bevorzugt mit Hilfe des Generatorwirkungsgrads bestimmt.In the method according to the invention, the generator cooling power is preferably determined as a function of the mechanical power supplied to the generator and the electrical terminal power output by the generator. In this case, the generator cooling power is preferably determined by means of the generator efficiency.

Nachfolgend wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren um Abfahren eines Turbosatzes anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
die Verläufe von diversen Leistungskurven aufgetragen über der Zeit, wenn eine am Generator sich einstellende Verlustwärme stets einer Generatorkühlerleistung entspricht, und
Fig. 2
die Verläufe von diversen Leistungskurven aufgetragen über der Zeit, wenn ein Erregerstrom des Generators derart dimensioniert ist, dass die mechanische Belastung des Turbosatzes minimiert ist.
The method according to the invention for starting a turbo set will be explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
the curves of various performance curves plotted over time, when a heat loss at the generator is always equal to a generator cooling capacity, and
Fig. 2
the curves of various power curves plotted against time when an excitation current of the generator is dimensioned such that the mechanical load of the turbo set is minimized.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 sind die Verläufe unterschiedlicher Leistungskurven zweier unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. Das Verfahren betrifft ein Abfahren eines Turbosatzes, der eine Turbine und einen Generator umfasst. Zum Erzeugen einer kinetischen Energie mittels des Turbosatzes wird der Turbine ein Frischdampf zugeführt, der in der Turbine sich entspannt und somit die Turbine antreibt. Die Turbine weist einen Rotor auf, der mit einem Rotor des Generators gekoppelt ist.In the Fig. 1 and 2 the curves of different power curves of two different embodiments of the method according to the invention are shown. The method relates to a shutdown of a turbine set comprising a turbine and a generator. To generate a kinetic energy by means of the turbo set, the turbine is supplied with a live steam, which relaxes in the turbine and thus drives the turbine. The turbine has a rotor coupled to a rotor of the generator.

Der Generator ist ferner mit einem Leistungsabnehmer gekoppelt, beispielsweise einem Stromnetz. Zum Abfahren des Turbosatzes wird die Frischdampfzufuhr zur Turbine verringert und der Generator vom Stromnetz getrennt. Herkömmlich läuft der Generator dann im Leerlauf mit der Turbine.The generator is further coupled to a power collector, for example a power grid. To shut down the turbo set, the live steam supply to the turbine is reduced and the generator is disconnected from the mains. Conventionally, the generator then idles with the turbine.

Eine Kurve 1 zeigt einen Verlauf der Drehzahl eines Turbosatzes beim Abfahren. Zum Abfahren des Turbosatzes wird die Frischdampfzufuhr zur Turbine verringert und zudem der Generator vom Stromnetz abgekoppelt, wodurch der Generator im Leerlauf mit dem Wellenstrang läuft. Ein Abbau der kinetischen Energie des Turbosatzes erfolgt unter anderem mittels Lagerreibungsverlusten an den zur Dampfturbinenanlage gehörigen Lagern sowie mittels Ventilationsverlusten in der Turbine. Bei dem derart auslaufenden Turbosatz gemäß der Kurve 1 ergeben sich Auslaufzeiten von bis zu einer Stunde.A curve 1 shows a curve of the rotational speed of a turbo set when driving off. To shut down the turbo set, the steam supply to the turbine is reduced and also decoupled the generator from the mains, whereby the generator idles with the shaft line runs. A reduction in the kinetic energy of the turbo set takes place, inter alia, by means of bearing friction losses on the bearings belonging to the steam turbine plant and by means of ventilation losses in the turbine. With the thus expiring turbo set according to the curve 1, flow times of up to one hour result.

Der Turbosatz durchfährt ferner einen kritischen Drehzahlbereich 2, in dem sogenannte Schaufelresonanzen an einer zugehörigen Turbinenbeschaufelung auftreten können. Dabei kommt es zu starken Schwingungen an der Turbinenbeschaufelung und somit zu einem erhöhten Lebensdauerverbrauch. Eine Kurve 3 zeigt die Drehzahl des Turbosatzes bei einer gebremsten Abfahrt gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. Dabei wird eine, an dem Rotor angebrachte Erregerwicklung mit einem elektrischen Erregerstrom beaufschlagt, wodurch ein Magnetfeld an dem Rotor erzeugt wird. An der Statorwicklung des Generators wird ein elektrischer Strom induziert, der in einem Teilkurzschlussbetrieb des Generators in eine Verlustwärme gewandelt wird.The turbo set also passes through a critical speed range 2, in which so-called blade resonances can occur at an associated turbine blading. This leads to strong vibrations at the turbine blading and thus to an increased lifetime consumption. A curve 3 shows the speed of the turbo set in a braked downhill according to the inventive method. In this case, an exciter winding attached to the rotor is acted on by an electrical excitation current, whereby a magnetic field is generated on the rotor. At the stator winding of the generator an electrical current is induced, which is converted into a heat loss in a partial short-circuit operation of the generator.

Der Generator wird also erfindungsgemäß als eine zusätzliche Last an dem Turbosatz vorgesehen, der dazu im Teilkurzschluss betrieben wird und dadurch als eine Energiesenke dient. Der Generator erzeugt dabei die Verlustwärme, die mittels eines Erregerstroms des Generators stets so zu dimensionieren ist, dass der Generator keinen Schaden aufgrund von Überhitzung nimmt.The generator is thus provided according to the invention as an additional load on the turbo set, which is operated to the sub-short circuit and thus serves as an energy sink. The generator generates the heat loss, which is always to be dimensioned by means of an excitation current of the generator so that the generator takes no damage due to overheating.

Bei der in Fig. 1 angewandten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird eine Generatorkühlerleistung, aufgetragen über der Zeit als Kurve 4 dargestellt, ermittelt und der Generator derart mit einem Erregerstrom beaufschlagt, dass die entstehende Verlustwärme des Generators stets der Generatorkühlerleistung entspricht. Die Verlustwärme des Generators steht dabei in Zusammenhang mit der Bremsleistung 5 des Generators, die ihrerseits proportional zu dem Erregerstrom ist. Mittels des Erregerstroms wird also die Bremsleistung 5 bzw. die Verlustwärme des Generators bestimmt.At the in Fig. 1 Applied embodiment of the method according to the invention, a generator cooling capacity, plotted over time as curve 4, determined and the generator is supplied with an excitation current such that the resulting heat loss of the generator always corresponds to the generator cooling power. The heat loss of the generator is related to the braking power of the generator 5, which in turn is proportional to the excitation current. By means of the excitation current so the braking power 5 and the heat loss of the generator is determined.

Somit ist über die gesamte Dauer des Abfahrens eine zusätzliche Last am Turbosatz vorgesehen, der dadurch eine verkürzte Abfahrzeit 6 hat. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die in der Fig. 1 zu erkennende Zeitspanne 7 für das gebremste Abfahren, und die Zeitspanne 8 für das ungebremste Abfahren. Es ist deutlich zu erkennen, dass der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren abgefahrene Turbosatz den kritischen Drehzahlbereich 2 sehr viel zügiger durchfährt, nämlich in der Zeitspanne 7, wodurch mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Lebensdauerverkürzung der Turbinenbeschaufelung reduziert wird.Thus, an additional load on the turbo set is provided over the entire duration of the shutdown, which thereby has a shortened downtime 6. Of particular importance are those in the Fig. 1 to be recognized time period 7 for the braked downhill, and the period 8 for the unrestricted departure. It can be clearly seen that the turbine set worn down by the method according to the invention passes through the critical speed range 2 much more quickly, namely in the time span 7, whereby a shortening of the service life of the turbine blading is reduced with the method according to the invention.

In Fig. 2 ist eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens anhand von Leistungskurven, aufgetragen über der Zeit, dargestellt, bei der die Generatorbremsleistung 5 die Generatorkühlerleistung 4 kurzzeitig überschreitet, um den Turbosatz beim Durchfahren des kritischen Drehzahlbereichs 2 abzubremsen. Die dabei am Generator entstehende Verlustwärme schädigt diesen dabei nicht, da mittels des Erregerstroms die Verlustwärme entsprechend dimensioniert ist. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist eine Zeitspanne 9, die für ein gebremstes Abfahren durch den kritischen Drehzahlbereich 2 benötigt wird, deutlich kürzer als eine Zeitspanne 10 für ein ungebremstes Abfahren. Nach dem Durchfahren des kritischen Drehzahlbereichs 2 wird der Erregerstrom des Generators abgeschaltet, wodurch der Generator im Leerlauf mit dem Turbosatz läuft. Somit kann mittels des Generators der Turbosatz abgebremst werden, um den kritischen Drehzahlbereich so zügig wie möglich zu Durchfahren.In Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the method according to the invention by means of power curves, plotted against time, shown, in which the generator braking power 5 the Generator cooler power 4 briefly exceeds, in order to decelerate the turbo set when passing through the critical speed range 2. The resulting heat loss on the generator does not damage this, since by means of the excitation current, the heat loss is dimensioned accordingly. Also in this embodiment of the method according to the invention, a time period 9, which is required for a braked ride through the critical speed range 2, significantly shorter than a period 10 for an unrestrained departure. After passing through the critical speed range 2, the exciter current of the generator is turned off, causing the generator to idle with the turbo set. Thus, by means of the generator, the turbo set can be braked to drive through the critical speed range as quickly as possible.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for shutting down a turbo set for a steam turbine plant, involving the steps of:
    - providing the turbo set, which comprises a steam turbine and a generator, the generator having an exciter machine and an exciter winding;
    - driving the steam turbine with live steam and discharging the generator power to a power receiver;
    - decoupling the generator from the power receiver;
    - reducing the supply of live steam to the turbine; characterized in that
    - the generator is switched into a partial short circuit mode, wherein the exciter winding is supplied with an electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine in such a way that the generator acts as a load on the steam turbine, the exciter current being dimensioned such that the generator is not overheated.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    wherein the generator has a generator cooler, involving the steps of:
    - determining a generator cooler power (4) of the generator cooler during the operation of the turbo set;
    - dimensioning the exciter current in such a way that a heat loss does not exceed the generator cooler power (4).
  3. Method according to Claim 2,
    wherein the exciter winding is supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine in such a way that the heat loss occurring at the generator always corresponds to the generator cooler power (4).
  4. Method according to Claim 1 or 2,
    wherein the exciter winding is supplied with the electrical exciter current by means of the exciter machine in a certain speed range (2) of the turbo set.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 4,
    wherein the generator cooler power (4) is determined in dependence on a mechanical power supplied to the generator and an electrical terminal power delivered by the generator.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 2 to 5,
    wherein the generator cooler power (4) is determined with the aid of a generator efficiency.
EP11771087.1A 2010-10-29 2011-10-12 Method for stopping a turboset Not-in-force EP2611994B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11771087.1A EP2611994B1 (en) 2010-10-29 2011-10-12 Method for stopping a turboset

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10189412A EP2447482A1 (en) 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Method for shutting down a turbo-generating set
EP11771087.1A EP2611994B1 (en) 2010-10-29 2011-10-12 Method for stopping a turboset
PCT/EP2011/067807 WO2012055702A1 (en) 2010-10-29 2011-10-12 Method for stopping a turboset

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EP2611994A1 EP2611994A1 (en) 2013-07-10
EP2611994B1 true EP2611994B1 (en) 2016-08-10

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EP10189412A Withdrawn EP2447482A1 (en) 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Method for shutting down a turbo-generating set
EP11771087.1A Not-in-force EP2611994B1 (en) 2010-10-29 2011-10-12 Method for stopping a turboset

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WO (1) WO2012055702A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3012419A1 (en) * 2014-10-20 2016-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Coupling of a gas turbine and a steam turbine with target coupling angle with adjustment of the pole wheel
CN104481610B (en) * 2014-11-17 2016-02-24 北京中冶设备研究设计总院有限公司 The non-stop-machine device and method of steam turbine between a kind of Iron And Steel Plant Waste Heat Power Plant
EP3460206A1 (en) 2017-09-21 2019-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for operating a steam turbine

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2285208A (en) * 1940-04-10 1942-06-02 Gen Electric Automatic turbine control system
US4227093A (en) * 1973-08-24 1980-10-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Systems and method for organizing computer programs for operating a steam turbine with digital computer control
DE19839636A1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-03-02 Asea Brown Boveri Power plant with a generator driven by a turbine and method for operating such a power plant
DE202004003772U1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2004-06-03 Enginion Ag Independent heat engine cycle generating electricity, is connected to or disconnected from electrical load to control speed of expansion machine
DE102004016450A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Generator wiring for producing controllable braking power operates during start-up/power reduction of a power engine driven by a generator
DE102004016461A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Generator system and method for operating such
US7290393B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2007-11-06 Utc Power Corporation Method for synchronizing an induction generator of an ORC plant to a grid
EP2201666B1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2013-03-20 UTC Power Corporation Power generation system and method for preventing overspeeding of a turbine driven generator
EP2295733A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Power plant and method for operating same

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CN103201463A (en) 2013-07-10
EP2447482A1 (en) 2012-05-02
CN103201463B (en) 2015-11-25
EP2611994A1 (en) 2013-07-10
WO2012055702A1 (en) 2012-05-03

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