EP2609630A2 - Combination of photovoltaic (pv) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector (pv-t) - Google Patents

Combination of photovoltaic (pv) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector (pv-t)

Info

Publication number
EP2609630A2
EP2609630A2 EP11768185.8A EP11768185A EP2609630A2 EP 2609630 A2 EP2609630 A2 EP 2609630A2 EP 11768185 A EP11768185 A EP 11768185A EP 2609630 A2 EP2609630 A2 EP 2609630A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collector
textile
cells
textile surface
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11768185.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Isik Tarakçio Lu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tarakcioglu Isik
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2609630A2 publication Critical patent/EP2609630A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/80—Solar heat collectors using working fluids comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the special hybrid (PV-T) solar energy panels/collectors that provide generation of both electrical energy and hot air with high efficiency thanks to the combination of textile-based air heater solar collectors with photovoltaic (PV) cells.
  • PV-T hybrid solar energy panels/collectors that provide generation of both electrical energy and hot air with high efficiency thanks to the combination of textile-based air heater solar collectors with photovoltaic (PV) cells.
  • the photovoltaic solar panels on the market convert as much as 10-20% of the solar energy falling on them into electrical energy, while the vast majority of the remaining is lost as transformed into heat. Therefore, it is beneficial to cool the photovoltaic (PV) panels. Thanks to the cooling, electrical energy yield of crystalline silicon cells increase as much as 0,5% / °C, while the yield of amorphous cells on the other hand increase as much as 0,15-0,20% / °C . Given the fact that the temperature of PV cells easily reaches 50 - 70°C even on a sunny day in Spring, it is possible to generate 15-25% more electrical energy in case temperature can be kept at 25°C by cooling.
  • the cooling process is usually performed with water or air or when worked in combination with a heat pump with the pump's cooling gas (liquid).
  • a heat pump with the pump's cooling gas (liquid).
  • V-T hybrid
  • a 'Textile-Based Air Heater Solar Collector' which is explained in our patent application titled with no TR 2009/00196, is combined with photovoltaic cells.
  • "Textile-Based Air Heater Solar Collectors' contain an absorber plate; a black or dark coloured textile surface (fabric, felt) which is placed into a rectangular prism box.
  • the back and the lateral surfaces of the collector's boxes which are made of metallic, plastic or composite materials are insulated, and the upper surface facing the sun is coated with an ordinary or special glass or a polycarbonate or similar transparent layers.
  • the air to be heated is passed through the textile surface (fabric) and the movement of the air both inside the collector and its transfer to the place to be warmed up or to a drying chamber is provided by a fan of which the suction side is connected to the outlet of the collector or the blowing side is connected to the inlet of the collector. It is possible to connect two fans to the outlet and to the inlet of the collector.
  • the textile surface (fabric, felt) is placed diagonally into the rectangular prism shaped collector box (1 ), raising from the floor (2) at the inlet side towards the transparent ceiling (3) at the outlet side, and the opening of the cold air inlet (4) is placed in the upper compartment over the textile surface, while the opening of the hot air outlet (5) on the other hand is placed in the lower compartment below the textile surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of the hybrid (PV-T) panel / collector which is a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector.
  • FIG. 2 is an AB-Cross-sectional view of the hybrid (PV-T) panel / collector which is a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector.
  • PV-T hybrid
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the openings of the cold air inlets (4) in the lower part of the collectors mounted as inclined towards the south are placed above the photovoltaic cells (9) and the openings of the hot air outlets (5) in the upper part of the collectors are placed below the textile surfaces (6).
  • the air enters the collector in the lower part of the collector at the point (4) where the distance (volume) between the photovoltaic cells (9) in the lower part and the transparent upper surface (3) is maximum and begins to move within the collector towards the outlet (upward) due to the blowing effect of the fan if it is placed at the inlet, or due to the suction effect if it is placed at the outlet.
  • the pressure and therefore the passage through the textile surface (6) increases according to the Boyle-Mariotte gas law because the distance (volume) between the transparent upper surface (3) and first the photovoltaic cells (9), and subsequently the textile surface (6) decreases.
  • the inlet part of the upper compartment of the collector which is the compartment between the transparent upper layer (3) / the textile surface (6) the cold air cools the surfaces of the PV cells and warms up itself.
  • Hybrid (PV-T) panels / collectors in form of a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collectors can be used anywhere that electrical energy and hot air are needed.
  • hot air can be used for heating buildings, heating water, cooling buildings (in particular, in cooling according to desiccative - evaporative method) and in drying of both industrial products (textile, food, leather, ceramics, etc.) and of agricultural and forest products such as apricots, figs, grapes, red peppers, onions, tomatoes, apples, pistachio, tobacco, spices, herbal teas.
  • One of the most important applicability areas of the hybrid panels / collectors according to the invention on the other hand is drying of the agricultural products in the fields where electricity is not supplied.
  • the fans can be run by the electrical energy generated from the panels. Because the production and consumption (running of the fans) of the electrical energy are concurrent, if electrical energy is not also going to be used for some other purpose, the system can be run in that case without requiring electrical energy storage units (batteries).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

In this PV-T collector/panel which is a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and Textile - Based Air Heater Solar Collectors (our patent application with no TR 2009 00196), at the inlet side of the collectors at the area close to the floor photovoltaic cells (9) are placed instead of some part of the textile surface (fabric, felt) (6). At the inlet part of the upper compartment of the collector, the compartment between the transparent upper layer (3) / the textile surface (6), the temperature of the air increases due to cooling of the photovoltaic cells and due to the greenhouse effect in the collector box. As this warm air passes through the hot textile surface (fabric) to the textile surface (6) / floor (2) lower compartment, due to diagonally placement of the photovoltaic cells and of the textile surface (fabric), its temperature increases even more. Because in the hybrid (PV-T) collectors according to the invention, both the cooling of the photovoltaic cells and therefore increasing the efficiency of theirs as high as 10-20%, and hot air at higher temperatures (≥ 50°C) with high flow rate can be obtained, the total (electrical + heat) energy efficiency of these hybrid (PV-T) panels / collectors exceeds 80%.

Description

DESCRIPTION
COMBINATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) CELLS AND TEXTILE - BASED
AIR HEATER SOLAR COLLECTOR (PV-T)
Technical Field
This invention relates to the special hybrid (PV-T) solar energy panels/collectors that provide generation of both electrical energy and hot air with high efficiency thanks to the combination of textile-based air heater solar collectors with photovoltaic (PV) cells.
The Prior Art in the Field of Hybrid (PV-T) Solar Energy Panels
The photovoltaic solar panels on the market convert as much as 10-20% of the solar energy falling on them into electrical energy, while the vast majority of the remaining is lost as transformed into heat. Therefore, it is beneficial to cool the photovoltaic (PV) panels. Thanks to the cooling, electrical energy yield of crystalline silicon cells increase as much as 0,5% / °C, while the yield of amorphous cells on the other hand increase as much as 0,15-0,20% / °C . Given the fact that the temperature of PV cells easily reaches 50 - 70°C even on a sunny day in Spring, it is possible to generate 15-25% more electrical energy in case temperature can be kept at 25°C by cooling.
The cooling process is usually performed with water or air or when worked in combination with a heat pump with the pump's cooling gas (liquid). There are patents and commercial products about hybrid (PV-T) solar panels wherein the cooling water or air is used as warm-hot water or warm-hot air.
The Technical Problems the Invention Aims To Solve
In cooling that is performed by using air, flow rate of the cooling air must be kept high to cool PV cells sufficiently, because as the air moves touching the upper or lower or both surfaces of the PV cells, the heat transfer yield from PV cells to the air is low. On the other hand when the cooling is executed with high air flow rates the temperature of air leaving the panel remains generally below 50°C. Purpose of this invention is to heat the air to higher temperatures (≥ 50°C), while its flow rate is high enough to cool PV cells sufficiently and therefore to increase the total (electrical + heat) energy output of the hybrid panel / collector. Description of the Invention
Within the framework of this invention, a 'Textile-Based Air Heater Solar Collector' which is explained in our patent application titled with no TR 2009/00196, is combined with photovoltaic cells. "Textile-Based Air Heater Solar Collectors' contain an absorber plate; a black or dark coloured textile surface (fabric, felt) which is placed into a rectangular prism box. The back and the lateral surfaces of the collector's boxes which are made of metallic, plastic or composite materials are insulated, and the upper surface facing the sun is coated with an ordinary or special glass or a polycarbonate or similar transparent layers. The air to be heated is passed through the textile surface (fabric) and the movement of the air both inside the collector and its transfer to the place to be warmed up or to a drying chamber is provided by a fan of which the suction side is connected to the outlet of the collector or the blowing side is connected to the inlet of the collector. It is possible to connect two fans to the outlet and to the inlet of the collector.
To support the passage of the warm air which is heated due to the greenhouse effect in the upper compartment of the collector box through the hot textile surface (fabric) (6), the textile surface (fabric, felt) is placed diagonally into the rectangular prism shaped collector box (1 ), raising from the floor (2) at the inlet side towards the transparent ceiling (3) at the outlet side, and the opening of the cold air inlet (4) is placed in the upper compartment over the textile surface, while the opening of the hot air outlet (5) on the other hand is placed in the lower compartment below the textile surface. In the 'Combination Of Photovoltaic (PV) Cells And Textile - Based Air Heater Solar Collector' patent application of which has been made, photovoltaic cells (9) are placed instead of some part of the textile surface (fabric), remaining in the area close to the floor on the inlet side, used in the textile - based air heater solar collectors. The "Combination of Photovoltaic (PV) Cells and Textile - Based Air Heater Solar Collector PV-T' has been realised to reach the purpose of the invention is depicted in the figures attached. Of these figures: Figure-1 is a front view of the hybrid (PV-T) panel / collector which is a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector.
Figure-2 is an AB-Cross-sectional view of the hybrid (PV-T) panel / collector which is a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector. The components in the figures are described below:
1 ) Collector (box) outer casing
2) Insulating layer surface
3) Transparent upper surface
4) Cold air inlet
5) Hot air outlet
6) Textile surface (fabric, felt)
7) Textile surface supporter
8) Collector insulation
9) Photovoltaic (PV) cells
The openings of the cold air inlets (4) in the lower part of the collectors mounted as inclined towards the south are placed above the photovoltaic cells (9) and the openings of the hot air outlets (5) in the upper part of the collectors are placed below the textile surfaces (6). The air enters the collector in the lower part of the collector at the point (4) where the distance (volume) between the photovoltaic cells (9) in the lower part and the transparent upper surface (3) is maximum and begins to move within the collector towards the outlet (upward) due to the blowing effect of the fan if it is placed at the inlet, or due to the suction effect if it is placed at the outlet. As the air moves towards the outlet (upward) by contacting with the upper and/or lower surfaces of the photovoltaic cells (9) the pressure and therefore the passage through the textile surface (6) increases according to the Boyle-Mariotte gas law because the distance (volume) between the transparent upper surface (3) and first the photovoltaic cells (9), and subsequently the textile surface (6) decreases. At the inlet part of the upper compartment of the collector which is the compartment between the transparent upper layer (3) / the textile surface (6) the cold air cools the surfaces of the PV cells and warms up itself. Through this effect and the greenhouse effect warmed up air passes through the hot textile surface (fabric) (6) due to diagonally placement of the photovoltaic cells and especially of the textile surface (fabric) (6), mostly at the upper part of the collector, exactly at the area where the air and the textile surface are the hottest.
In conclusion, in the PV-T collectors according to the invention, with the same amount of the fan power used in the "textile - based air heater solar collector", both the cooling of the photovoltaic cells and therefore increasing the efficiency of theirs as high as 10-20%, and air at higher temperatures (> 50°C) with high flow rate can be obtained. Thus, total (electrical + heat) energy efficiencies of these hybrid (PV-T) panels/collectors are more than 80%. Utilisation and Applicability Opportunities of the Invention
Hybrid (PV-T) panels / collectors in form of a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile - based air heater solar collectors can be used anywhere that electrical energy and hot air are needed. As is known, hot air can be used for heating buildings, heating water, cooling buildings (in particular, in cooling according to desiccative - evaporative method) and in drying of both industrial products (textile, food, leather, ceramics, etc.) and of agricultural and forest products such as apricots, figs, grapes, red peppers, onions, tomatoes, apples, pistachio, tobacco, spices, herbal teas. One of the most important applicability areas of the hybrid panels / collectors according to the invention on the other hand is drying of the agricultural products in the fields where electricity is not supplied. The fans can be run by the electrical energy generated from the panels. Because the production and consumption (running of the fans) of the electrical energy are concurrent, if electrical energy is not also going to be used for some other purpose, the system can be run in that case without requiring electrical energy storage units (batteries).

Claims

CLAIM
1. The invention is a hybrid (PV-T) panel/collector in form of a combination of photovoltaic (PV) cells and textile-based air heater solar collector, and is characterised in that; in the area that is close to the floor at the air inlet (4) side of the collector, photovoltaic cells (9) have been placed instead of a part of the textile surface (fabric) (6).
2. The a hybrid (PV-T) panel/collector according to claim 1 , wherein, the textile surface (fabric, felt) is placed diagonally into the rectangular prism shaped collector box (1 ), raising from the floor (2) at the inlet side towards the transparent ceiling (3) at the outlet side.
3. The a hybrid (PV-T) panel/collector according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, the opening of the cold air inlet (4) is placed in the upper compartment over the textile surface, while the opening of the hot air outlet (5) on the other hand is placed in the lower compartment below the textile surface.
EP11768185.8A 2010-08-23 2011-08-05 Combination of photovoltaic (pv) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector (pv-t) Withdrawn EP2609630A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2010/06980A TR201006980A2 (en) 2010-08-23 2010-08-23 Photovoltaic (pv) cell and textile based air heater solar collector combination (pvt).
PCT/TR2011/000183 WO2012026901A2 (en) 2010-08-23 2011-08-05 Combination of photovoltaic (pv) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector (pv-t)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2609630A2 true EP2609630A2 (en) 2013-07-03

Family

ID=44789576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11768185.8A Withdrawn EP2609630A2 (en) 2010-08-23 2011-08-05 Combination of photovoltaic (pv) cells and textile - based air heater solar collector (pv-t)

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2609630A2 (en)
TR (1) TR201006980A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2012026901A2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111486601A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-08-04 山东希格斯新能源有限责任公司 Photoelectric and photothermal integrated equipment with illumination angle trimmer

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL424893A1 (en) * 2018-03-14 2019-09-23 Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza Aerial solar collector with photovoltaic cells
CN113079899A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-09 四川云辰园林科技有限公司 Greenhouse photo-thermal and photovoltaic combined device based on double-glass assembly
NL2028343B1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-12 Viridi Holding B V Heating and/or cooling module for a photovoltaic panel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095997A (en) * 1976-10-07 1978-06-20 Griffiths Kenneth F Combined solar cell and hot air collector apparatus
FR2497929B2 (en) * 1981-01-09 1986-07-11 Olivier Gilbert SOLAR COLLECTOR USING AIR AS A HEAT FLUID, AND ITS COMPONENTS
FR2698682B1 (en) * 1992-11-30 1995-01-06 Soleco Sarl High efficiency solar air collector.
FR2727790A1 (en) * 1994-12-02 1996-06-07 Cythelia Sarl Hybrid solar panel generating photovoltaic electricity and heat
DK200100325U3 (en) * 2001-12-01 2003-01-10
TR200900196A2 (en) 2009-01-12 2009-12-21 Tarak�Io�Lu I�Ik Textile based air heater solar collector.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2012026901A2 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111486601A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-08-04 山东希格斯新能源有限责任公司 Photoelectric and photothermal integrated equipment with illumination angle trimmer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012026901A2 (en) 2012-03-01
TR201006980A2 (en) 2011-06-21
WO2012026901A3 (en) 2012-12-13

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