EP2609328A1 - Wind power plant structure - Google Patents
Wind power plant structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2609328A1 EP2609328A1 EP11819470.3A EP11819470A EP2609328A1 EP 2609328 A1 EP2609328 A1 EP 2609328A1 EP 11819470 A EP11819470 A EP 11819470A EP 2609328 A1 EP2609328 A1 EP 2609328A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outer ring
- main bearing
- rotor
- wind power
- power plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/60—Shafts
- F05B2240/61—Shafts hollow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
- F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
- F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
- F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/31—Wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
- F16H1/06—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with parallel axes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a wind power plant structure as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- a rotating rotor is coupled with a shaft that is bear- ing-mounted to the shell of the wind power plant.
- the shaft is then connected to a generator disposed on the shell through a gearbox, mostly a single- or multiple- step planetary gearbox.
- the objective of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art as brought out above.
- the objective of the invention is to further lighten and simplify the structures in wind power plants and thereby to enable economically profitable construction, maintenance and servicing of even larger power plants.
- the wind power plant structure includes a substantially horizontal-axis rotor with a hub and blades supported thereto.
- a shell i.e. a nacelle
- it encompasses a main bearing between the rotor and the shell by which the rotor is rotated, and at least one generator coupled to the rotor, or possibly another device for recovering the rotational energy of the rotor.
- the main bearing includes an inner ring mounted in its position on the shell, an outer ring mounted to the hub of the rotor, and a bearing between the inner ring and the outer ring.
- the outer ring is provided with toothing coupled with the generator.
- the main idea of the invention is a shaft-free rotor structure wherein the rotor is directly mounted to the outer ring of the main bearing and, similarly, the generator is disposed in a direct power transmission connection to this rotational part of the main bearing.
- a structure resembling a bearing known as a toothed directional bearing is used as the load-carrying main bearing of the rotor as well as the gear of the first step of a step-up transmission .
- the hub of the rotor or the outer ring of the main bearing must have a suitable projecting ring portion that enables their direct coupling to each other.
- Another alternative is to mount the outer ring of the main bearing to the hub of the rotor through a coupling ring, i.e. a suitable spacer.
- the essential feature in both embodiments is that the hub of the rotor and the outer ring of the main bearing constitute a single and integral rotational assembly.
- the main bearing is a bearing carrying the bending moment load by itself, such as a double row tapered roller bearing .
- the toothing of the outer ring in the main bearing is most suitably disposed on the outer surface thereof.
- One or more generators can thus be directly coupled to the toothing of the outer ring in the main bearing through a gear disposed on the shaft thereof. It is also possible to use a suitable step-up transmission between the generator and the toothing of the outer ring in the main bearing in order to raise the rotational speed of the generator.
- the wind power plant structure according to the inven- tion provides considerable advantages as compared with the prior art.
- the structure according to the invention enables the construction of a 6M wind power station in which the combined weight of the power unit and the shell nearly corresponds to the current 3M machines.
- the greater the power class the more advantageous is the structure according to the invention in comparison with the current structure comprising a planetary transmission.
- the invention provides a cost-effective structure, as therein are combined, i.e. provided from one monolithic piece, a large gear to be hardened by heat treatment and a large outer race of the main bearing to be hardened by heat treatment. This way, the two expensive and time- consuming heat treatments can be made simultaneously for one and the same piece.
- Another advantage is the low amount of material needed for the circular gear with the large hole in comparison with the conventional gear with a smaller hole to be mounted on the shaft .
- An economically significant alternative especially in extremely large units, for example in more than 20MW power plants, is to provide the toothing of the outer ring in the bearing from several separate segments that are mounted to the outer surface of the outer ring to form a continuous toothed ring.
- the forces provided from the rotor through the main bearing are applied directly to the shell through the bearing and are not transmitted through a transmission, i.e. the gearbox of the generator coupling to the outer ring of the main bearing, in which case the gearbox is preferably manufactured with the rigidity required by the bearings of the output shafts without unnecessarily heavy structures.
- Deformations of the tooth contacts in the toothed transmission derive from elasticity of the rolling elements in the main bearing and from elasticity of the gearbox and the bearing of the output shafts. In the inventive structure, these can be relatively easily brought to a level that enables a good tooth contact in different situations and thereby max- imizes the power transferred by the toothed transmission .
- One advantage in comparison with the known structures is the large non-rotational hole in the middle of the structure, i.e. the shell and the bearing, which enables a nearly upright walking to the hub of the rotor.
- This central opening of the shell does not constitute an obstacle for example to the mechanical blade turn- ing systems, ventilation or air-assisted blade heating or even large heating cables. From easy access to the structure follows easy serviceability of the power transmission between the main bearing and the generators .
- the large and rigid main bearing of the rotor is also very well suited for the bearing of an input gear of the generator, whether directly disposed on the shaft of the generator or coupled to the generator through suitable transmissions, because the load-carrying capacity of the main bearing is very high i'n comparison to the loads generated by the toothing. For this reason, the position and number of output shafts can be freely selected and they need not be positioned sym- metrically to achieve force balance. Similarly, at low power, only a necessary number of generators can be loaded in order to maximize efficiency without the risk of damages to the durability of the bearings caused by irregularly distributed forces.
- the shell 3 of a wind power plant is bearing-mounted on top of the mast 13 of the wind power plant by a vertical-axis bearing (not shown in the figure) substantially to rotate in the horizontal plane.
- the shell 3 is a tubular structure constituting an angle of approximately 90 degrees, the lower end of the shell being bearing- mounted to the upper end of the mast 13, as stated above, and the inner ring 6 of a main bearing 4 in the power plant being rigidly mounted to the other end of the shell that is also circular in shape.
- the inner ring is formed by two halves, i.e. ring parts 14 and 15, that are mounted to each other and to the upper end of the shell by bolts 16.
- the main bearing In addition to the inner ring 6, the main bearing
- the main bearing carrying the bending moment load by itself may also be for example a three row roller bearing, four point ball bearing, plain or crossed roll bearing or a combination thereof.
- a circular coupling ring 10 is mounted to the outer ring 7, to the front surface thereof, i.e. to the side surface disposed away from the shell 3, and the hub 2 of a rotor is mounted to the circular outer surface of the coupling ring.
- the hub 2 of the rotor, the coupling ring 10 and the rotating outer ring 7 of the main bearing 4 are bolted together by bolts 17 to form an integral and collectively rotational assembly.
- a generator is supported and mounted to the shell 3 and rotated via a shaft 11 projecting from one end thereof.
- the shaft 11 is bearing-mounted next to the outer ring 7 of the main bearing 4 via a sup- porting frame 18 supported on the shell 3.
- the shaft 11 of the generator includes a gear 12 and it is disposed in a power transmission connection to a toothing 9 disposed on the outer surface of the outer ring 7 in the main bearing 4.
- the figure only illustrates one generator, but there may be one or several of them around the main bearing.
- the large-diameter main bearing and the shaft of the generator form a distinct force path for each generator independently of the others, it is possible freely to select the number and size of the generators to be used as well as their location on the ring according to need. Similarly, at low power, only some of the generators can be used with good efficiency.
- the shaft of the generator and the projecting extension thereof can be disposed in a direct toothed contact to the toothing of the outer ring in the main bearing.
- a step-up transmission 19 such as a gearbox or the like, suitable to be used in conjunction with the generator, on a supporting frame 18, by which the rotational speed of the generator can be raised to a desired level.
- the generators can be loaded com- pletely independently of each other. This also enables individual servicing and repair procedures of the gen- erators and power transmissions. As the generators and step-up transmissions are disposed outside the load- carrying shell, they are free of all external loads.
- the solution also provides an easy passageway to the hub directly through the load-carrying tubular shell structure. This is of significant use in terms of cooling, servicing and passing of instrumentation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20105890A FI123019B (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2010-08-26 | Wind Turbine Construction |
PCT/FI2011/050725 WO2012025667A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-18 | Wind power plant structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2609328A1 true EP2609328A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
EP2609328A4 EP2609328A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=42669394
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11819470.3A Withdrawn EP2609328A4 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2011-08-18 | Wind power plant structure |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2609328A4 (en) |
FI (1) | FI123019B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012025667A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014097428A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Renewable energy-type power generator |
EP3141743A1 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wind turbine hub arrangement |
CN105587466A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-05-18 | 太原重工股份有限公司 | Wind generator set |
DE102017008878A1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Imo Holding Gmbh | Main bearing unit for the rotor shaft of a wind turbine and wind turbine |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1026940C1 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-02 | Bart Richard Van Neerbos | Windmill is for generation of electrical energy using a generator and for coupling rotation of sails with that of generator a gearwheel cabinet is provided |
US20080207389A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Jurgen Fahrenbach | Drive hub unit for a wind power generator |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10102255A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-08-01 | Aloys Wobben | Wind turbine with a hollow shaft for rotor hub and generator |
US7431567B1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2008-10-07 | Northern Power Systems Inc. | Wind turbine having a direct-drive drivetrain |
EP1925820B8 (en) * | 2006-11-23 | 2012-02-29 | STX Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Wind turbine main bearing |
US7675189B2 (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2010-03-09 | Baseload Energy, Inc. | Power generation system including multiple motors/generators |
CN101676558A (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-24 | 王乐琳 | Speed increasing mechanism for wind-energy generating harmonic-wave transmission |
JP5511982B2 (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2014-06-04 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Direct drive wind turbine with cooling system and method for controlling a direct drive wind turbine |
-
2010
- 2010-08-26 FI FI20105890A patent/FI123019B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-08-18 WO PCT/FI2011/050725 patent/WO2012025667A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-18 EP EP11819470.3A patent/EP2609328A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1026940C1 (en) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-02 | Bart Richard Van Neerbos | Windmill is for generation of electrical energy using a generator and for coupling rotation of sails with that of generator a gearwheel cabinet is provided |
US20080207389A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Jurgen Fahrenbach | Drive hub unit for a wind power generator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2012025667A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20105890A0 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
FI123019B (en) | 2012-10-15 |
FI20105890A (en) | 2012-02-27 |
WO2012025667A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
EP2609328A4 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20130326 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SIVILL, KALLE Inventor name: RAUTIO, ANTTI Inventor name: JOKINEN, JUHANI Inventor name: TARULA, VESA |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20141119 |
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RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F16H 1/00 20060101ALI20141113BHEP Ipc: F03D 9/00 20060101ALI20141113BHEP Ipc: F03D 11/00 20060101AFI20141113BHEP Ipc: F03D 1/00 20060101ALI20141113BHEP Ipc: F03D 11/02 20060101ALI20141113BHEP |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20150616 |