EP2604097A1 - Modulation eines pfc bei dc-betrieb - Google Patents
Modulation eines pfc bei dc-betriebInfo
- Publication number
- EP2604097A1 EP2604097A1 EP11749142.3A EP11749142A EP2604097A1 EP 2604097 A1 EP2604097 A1 EP 2604097A1 EP 11749142 A EP11749142 A EP 11749142A EP 2604097 A1 EP2604097 A1 EP 2604097A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power factor
- factor correction
- pfc
- switch
- correction circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/36—Controlling
- H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
- H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
- H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
- H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for operating a control gear for lighting, such as an electronic ballast (ECG) for gas discharge lamps or LEDs.
- ECG electronic ballast
- the operating device has an actively clocked power factor correction circuit (PFC, Power Factor Correction) to reduce harmonics in the
- Input current recording which is formed, for example, in the form of a switching regulator (boost converter) with a clocked switch, wherein the switch is controlled by a control circuit.
- switching regulator boost converter
- the invention relates. continue to a Coraputersoftware program product to support such a method, to a control module that can support such a method by programming and / or hard wiring, as well as a control gear for lighting.
- the present invention relates to loads in the form of bulbs having PFC circuits.
- Fig. 1 Such, from DE 10128588 AI known operating device is shown in Fig. 1. More specifically, the device shown in Fig. 1 is an electronic ballast (ECG). This ballast shown in Fig. 1 is the input side via a
- High frequency filter 1 connected to a power supply voltage Uo.
- the output of the high-frequency filter 1 is connected to a rectifier circuit 2 in the form of a Full bridge rectifier connected.
- AC supply voltage also represents the
- Input voltage U i for the smoothing circuit 3. This is formed in the present example by a smoothing capacitor Cl and an inductance LI, a controllable switch in the form of a MOS field effect transistor Sl and a diode Dl having boost converter. Instead of the boost converter, other switching regulators can be used.
- the PFC circuit is formed by the choice of the control of the switch Sl.
- a DC voltage U z applied across the subsequently arranged storage capacitor C2 is generated in a manner known per se (see, for example, WO 99/34647 A1), which is supplied to the inverter 4.
- the inverter 4 is formed in the present example by two further arranged in a half-bridge arrangement MOS field effect transistors S2 and S3. By high-frequency clocking these two switches S2 and S3, a high-frequency AC voltage is generated at the center tap, which is supplied to the load circuit 5 with the gas discharge lamp LA connected thereto.
- the triggering of the switch S1 of the boost converter is effected by a control circuit 6, which generates corresponding switching information and transmits it to a driver circuit 7 which adjoins the control circuit 6. This in turn converts the switching information into corresponding power control signals and controls the gate of the field effect transistor S1 via the line 14.
- signals for driving the two field-effect transistors S2 and S3 of the inverter 4 are generated by the control circuit 6 and the driver circuit 7. All components of the control unit 6 can be synchronized, for example, via a central clock 8, which transmits corresponding clock signals to them.
- the control unit 6 is designed as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and accordingly occupies only little space.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the switching information for the switch S1 of the boost converter is calculated by a digital control circuit 9 arranged within the control circuit 6.
- the control circuit 2 comprises analog-to-digital converters ADCi and ADC2, which supply the input voltage i.sub.i supplied via the input line 15 and that via the Input line 16 supplied intermediate circuit voltage U z convert into digital values.
- the computing block 12 serves to calculate an appropriate duty cycle for the switch S1 on the basis of the current value of the intermediate circuit voltage U z . However, before a control signal for the switch Sl is generated on the basis of the duty cycle determined by the computing block 12, the switch-on time, however, still becomes supplemented (extended) by an additional value determined by the switching time extension block 13.
- the switching time extension block 13 has a memory with a table which assigns each value of the input voltage Ui a certain time interval by which the switch-on time of the switch Sl is extended. The value of this additional interval is, as mentioned, added to the duty cycle calculated by the calculation block 12 and transmitted to an output block 11. This generates a corresponding switching information, which is supplied to the driver circuit 7, which then finally transmitted by a corresponding control signal via the line 14 to the switch Sl.
- the relationship between the switch-on extension and the input voltage is that the lower the input voltage Ui, the greater the switch-on extension. In particular, therefore, the switch-on extension is in the range of the zero crossings of the sinusoidal AC voltage. take place, which is present at the entrance.
- control circuit 6 is also used for operating the two switches S2 and S3 of the inverter 4.
- one or more - not shown - analog / digital converters may be provided, which implement the load circuit 5 taken operating parameters into digital values and the digital control circuit 9 supply.
- the driver circuit 7 in turn generates corresponding control signals and transmits them via the lines 17 and 18 to the gates of the two field effect transistors S2 and S3 of the inverter 4th
- Power factor correction circuit (PFC) 3 thus generates substantially fixed frequency noise. This can cause problems with the EMC regulations that also apply to emergency lighting operation (DC operation).
- WO 2006/042640 A2 remedy this problem by teaching that, even with a DC supply, the PFC, which would then actually switch at a constant switching frequency, deliberately sweeps a frequency change (a so-called “sweep mode", also as “wobble") "known, ie a cyclically recurring acceleration and Verlangsainung a frequency) is performed. In the practical embodiment, this is particularly such that, starting from a nominal t on value for the switch of the converter, the t on time is incremented incrementally, and then reduced again until it has dropped symmetrically below the nominal t on value is. This is repeated cyclically. This means that the circuit known from FIG. 1 can continue to be used for AC operation.
- the operating frequency of the PFC is modulated to "dilute" the circuit's noise spectrum to sub-bands outside of the center operating frequency, thus allowing compliance with EMC regulations, with modulation being able to change the on-time change (ie lengthening / shortening the switch-on time of the clocked switch) and / or the change of the switching frequency are.
- the present invention has therefore set itself the task of providing a method for operating a control device for lighting means, which ensures reliable operation of the light sources.
- the invention further provides the idea that the "sweep mode", also known as "wobble", is adaptively adjustable depending on the load, the load being, for example, in the case of multi-lamp devices, to the lamps different wattage can be connected, or even change at different dimming levels.
- the frequency sweep is reduced so that the deviation above / below the nominal value is reduced.
- impermissable (too short) turn-on times for the switch were achieved in the case of the symmetrical lowering of the tone time.
- the invention thus provides a method for operating an operating device for loads in the form of light emitting means, in particular an electronic ballast (ECG) for gas discharge lamps.
- the operating device in this case has a power factor correction circuit (PFC) for reducing harmonics in the needssstromaufnähme.
- PFC power factor correction circuit
- the operating frequency of the power factor correction circuit is modulated at the input-side concern of a DC voltage. The frequency deviation of this modulation is load-dependent.
- the frequency deviation preferably depends on the wattage of the connected lamps and / or the current dimming level.
- the output voltage of the PFC can be regulated.
- the modulation of the frequency can be done by one or more of the following methods: - Modulation of a setpoint of the output voltage,
- the switch-on period t on of the switch is preferably modulated stepwise.
- the frequency offset of the power factor correction (PFC) circuit may be selected depending on the difference between the current nominal value of the on-time and a lower limit.
- the timing of the switch of the power factor correction circuit is no longer modulated.
- the timing of the switch of the power factor correction circuit is modulated normally, ie without a restriction.
- the sweep mode of the According to the method of the invention is carried out without restriction and therefore the nominal amplitude of the frequency is not limited.
- the stronger EMC load is effectively restricted, identical to the method known from WO 2006/042640 A2.
- the power factor correction circuit may be in the form of a switched-mode switching regulator.
- the switch can be clocked in such a way that its switch-on time duration and / or its switching frequency is modulated on the input-side presence of a DC voltage.
- PFC power factor correction circuit
- the modulation of the PFC circuit is not controlled by this or a septbusregelung. Rather, the compensation of this "ripples" (residual ripple) takes place in the bus voltage (ie the intermediate circuit voltage which is output by the power factor correction circuit and applied to the storage capacitor) for keeping constant the power consumption of the lamps by frequency variation of the inverter a known manner to detect an operating parameter such as the lamp current and the Larapenbond and vary the frequency of the inverter depending on this detection and a deviation from a desired value.
- Correction circuit can be selected for example in a range between 15 Hz and 500 Hz, preferably between 90 and 400 Hz.
- the modulation is known to be associated with the zero crossings of the AC voltage, so that a modulation frequency of 100 Hz (Europe) and 120 Hz (USA) may result.
- the modulation frequency is freely adjustable and optimized.
- the modulation of the PFC circuit takes place by means of a timer circuit, by means of which values are read out of a look-up table.
- these values are extension values that are added to the actual controller value t on controller of the control circuit.
- the controller value t on controller is the switch-on time for the switch, which was calculated by a controller to keep the output voltage of the PFC constant.
- the respective permissible frequency deviation can be stored in a look-up table and be read out depending on the current load state or dimming level.
- the extension values can be determined based on the deviation of the nominal value of the switch-on time from at least one limit value.
- the invention can be automatically switched to the modulation by means of the timer circuit and the look-up table as soon as the operating device detects the concern of a DC voltage.
- the automatic detection of the emergency light operation (concerns a DC voltage) is already known from EP 490329 Bl. It will refer to the Fig. 4 there, reference numerals C25 and R21.
- the modulation of the power factor correction circuit can also be influenced by specifying at least one limit value, so that the respective permissible frequency deviation can be determined depending on the current load state or the direction of the current value.
- the power factor correction circuit can be operated in the so-called border mode between random and non-latching mode ("Borderline Mode")
- a computer software program product is further provided which supports such a method when it is on a computing device in an operating device running or by hard wiring (ASIC) is implemented.
- a control module (microcontroller, ASIC, etc.) is also provided for a lighting apparatus that is designed to support such a method.
- the invention also proposes an operating device for lighting means.
- Fig. 1 is a from the prior art DE 101 28 588 AI known circuit
- Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining the
- FIGS. 2a and 2b additionally show the components which may be necessary for operation according to the invention with DC mains voltage. For the rest, those components which bear the same reference numerals in the two figures correspond.
- a control circuit 6 by means of a signal 15, which reproduces the rectified input voltage U i , and a circuit 20th detects the presence of an AC or DC voltage.
- a circuit can be used, which is basically known from Fig. 4 of EP 490329 AI.
- This DC detection circuit 20 drives a clock generator 8.
- This clock generator 8 replaces, as it were, the zero crossings of the mains voltage which is no longer present during DC operation.
- the clock generator 8 controls, for example, the reading of the extension values for the switch-on period of the switch Sl from a look-up table.
- the bus voltage U z may also be reached and the control unit 6 fed back (bus voltage signal 16), ura by varying the switching frequency of the switch Sl to control the bus voltage U z to a desired value U vREF .
- the regulation of the bus voltage thus results in a controller value t on controller for the switch-on and switch-off of the switch, which controller t on controller is applied even with DC operation with a periodically changing additional value t on_add to the frequency deviation and / or the switching frequency Improvement of the Störspektruras to modulate.
- This ripple of the bus voltage is however, by the return of the illuminant power reproducing parameter 19 (illuminant voltage, luminous flux, detection of the light output via an optical sensor or the like.)
- the compensation of the ripple of the bus voltage can also be effected by a so-called "feed forward" setting of the switching frequency of the inverter 4.
- the Switching frequency of the inverter 4 are increased and the switching frequency can be lowered with decreasing bus voltage.
- the additional values t on_add read from the look-up table can be loaded into a memory of the ASIC 6. Then these t onadd values are added by the switching time extension block 13 to the regular ton_regulator from the controller 12:
- Each t on index is set for an adjustable period of time (* sweep value ') and then the next index is selected from the look-up table. By changing the sweep value, the modulation frequency can be adjusted.
- these t on_add additional values can also be determined as a function of the current nominal value of the switch-on time sweep mode of the PFC. Such a determination of the frequency deviation is described with reference to FIG. 3.
- this is particularly such that, starting from a nominal t on value t on regulator for the switch of the converter, the t on time is incrementally incremented and then reduced again until it is symmetrically below the nominal t on - value has dropped. This is repeated cyclically.
- the value is achieved by also modulating the T off value, since the PFC is operated in borderline mode, ie switching on at a throttle current-0.
- the PFC frequency is modulated with a frequency deviation that is proportional to t on - Modulation is.
- control loop which is to set a certain setpoint bus voltage at the output of the PFC, calculates a nominal value for the switch-on time duration, and then this nominal value is temporally changed in time.
- the temporal change does not result as an effect of the control algorithm, but is only applied after calculation of the nominal value.
- the "sweep mode" is adjusted adaptively according to the invention, the load being able to be connected, for example, to multi-lamp devices, to lamps of different wattages, or else to different dimming levels
- the frequency deviation for the "sweep mode" of the PFC is thus adjusted to be load-dependent adaptive.
- FIG. 2 a shows, for example, a further parameter 22 representing a lamp information which supplies information about the connected load to the output block 11.
- This information may be, for example, data about the connected load (such as via lamp type detection or wattage and / or nominal power).
- FIG. 2b shows an interface 20 which receives a specification for the desired dimming level via a control line 21.
- the interface 20 can also be integrated in the control unit 6.
- the default of the dimming level can be present as a digital or analog control signal.
- This predetermined dimming level (dimming level) is supplied via the parameter 23 to the output block 11.
- the parameter 23 thus contains a Information about the load, in particular information about the deviation from the nominal load.
- This output block 11 can then use this information to adapt the so-called "sweep mode" adaptively as a function of the load.
- the influence of the interface on the activation of the operating device for changing the brightness is not shown in FIG Way done by changing the frequency of the inverter or by changing the turn-on the switches of the inverter.
- FIG. 3 shows in a time-time diagram four examples (from left to right) of "sweep mode" cycles (each with rising from the nominal value t on controller rising, falling and rising again stepwise changes in the switch-on of the switch and a nominal amplitude of 200 ns) at different loads, where the three right ones are limited in their amplitude due to a low load by the method according to the invention
- the X-axis represents the fundamental time course without scaling, while the Y-axis represents the temporal
- the left example corresponds to a higher load, a higher output power, or a higher dimming level than the others, as will be seen and further discussed is explained, therefore depends on the invention, the frequency deviation of de m nominal value for the sound time from.
- the nominal value results from the control algorithm of the PFC and corresponds to 300, 200, 100 and 250ns in the four examples.
- the nominal value is determined by the control algorithm of the PFC (due to the control loop).
- exemplary Timing of the determination are shown schematically for the individual examples as times "calc-event".
- the nominal value of the switch-on time t on controller is incrementally increased by a step value ton_step.
- the sum of the respectively added step values ton_step thus results in each case in an additional value T on_ADD , which is added to the nominal value t on controller and thus results in the instantaneous value of the switch-on duration (switch-on time).
- the step value ton_step can be deducted depending on the direction of the current change during the "sweep mode * * from the previous instantaneous value of the duty cycle or pulled.
- the nominal value t on regulator is reduced for the on time of the switch of the PFC, as shown in the three examples on the right.
- the frequency sweep is reduced such that the deviation above / below the nominal value is reduced.
- the nominal amplitude of the sweep mode in this case 200 ns, which results from the frequency deviation, is therefore limited by the method according to the invention depending on the load and thus on the nominal duty cycle t on controller of the switch.
- the difference between the nominal switch-on time t on controller and the minimum value T on-min is determined, this difference forms half of the respective permissible frequency deviation.
- the minimum value t on-min forms a lower limit for the frequency deviation.
- the second and fourth examples show that the modulation through the "sweep mode" partially prevented, that can be “cut off” when the duty cycle below the critical value t on-min (also referred to as miniraal value t on-min ).
- t on-min also referred to as miniraal value t on-min
- the levels that would thus be in the impermissible range are prevented and instead the turn-on time period is set to the lowest permissible value.
- the two stages prescribed by "swee mode" are cut off or prevented with t on - ⁇ 50ns and 0ns, where the duty cycle remains at the still allowed value t on - 100ns.
- the changeover from the first to the second example limits the frequency deviation from 400 ns to 200 ns (ie the deviation from the lower limit t on-min to the nominal value t on controller is from an amplitude of 200 ns to 100 ns reduced).
- the determination at which stage a cycle of the "sweep mode" should be cut off can be made at the beginning of the cycle of the "sweep mode” or as soon as the current nominal value of the duty cycle ton_regulator has been determined.
- the determination of the frequency deviation by specifying at least one limit value, wherein the respective permissible frequency deviation can be determined as a function of the difference of the actual switch-on time ton_Regler and the limit value t on-min offers the advantage to the alternative example of Using a look-up table from which the values of the respective frequency deviation or the supplementary values T OU _ ADO can be read that in the simplest case only one limit must be stored in memory and also carried an indirect adaptation to the current load can.
- control unit of the PFC It can be specified in the control unit of the PFC as the lower limit for the frequency deviation, a minimum value T on-min , this is in Figure 3 at 100 ns.
- the control unit may even without knowledge present wire level or loads due to the determined by the control algorithm value for t on and the resulting difference to the minimum value t on-min determine the allowable frequency deviation.
- the timing of the switch of the power factor correction circuit is modulated at the input-side concerns a DC voltage, this modulation may have a frequency deviation. This can be defined by limit values.
- the frequency deviation of the modulated clocking of the switch of the power factor correction circuit can also be adjusted load-dependent by changing the lower and / or the upper limit value.
- a modulated clocking of the switch of the power factor correction circuit takes place when a DC voltage is present on the input side, wherein this modulation can have a frequency deviation.
- the frequency deviation of the modulated clocking of the switch of the power factor correction circuit can be set directly or indirectly load-dependent.
- the frequency deviation can also be referred to as a modulation stroke, it identifies the possible frequency range between lowest and highest frequency. It should be noted that in a power factor correction circuit, the switch-on of the switch due to the control loop or otherwise specified by the control circuit can change and thus the frequency is changed as a dependent size of the switch-on.
- the "sweep mode" can also be achieved in that a modulation of the feedback signal (actual value signal for the output voltage) takes place, so that then due to this distortion * the PFC controller will undertake a modulation of the t on time with the attempt
- the chosen solution namely a calculation of the tone nominal value with subsequent modulation, it must be ensured that the modulation is so fast that the regulator can not compensate
- the "sweep mode” may also be set or changed, such as the rate of change of the on-time modulation (ie, the change in the extension values), thereby adjusting the frequency of sweeping one cycle of the sweep mode (the modulation frequency) can.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201010039154 DE102010039154A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2010-08-10 | Modulation eines PFC bei DC-Betrieb |
| PCT/EP2011/063754 WO2012020047A1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2011-08-10 | Modulation eines pfc bei dc-betrieb |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2604097A1 true EP2604097A1 (de) | 2013-06-19 |
| EP2604097B1 EP2604097B1 (de) | 2016-01-13 |
Family
ID=44514709
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11749142.3A Active EP2604097B1 (de) | 2010-08-10 | 2011-08-10 | Modulation eines pfc bei dc-betrieb |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2604097B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010039154A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012020047A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI396467B (zh) | 2008-09-22 | 2013-05-11 | Acewell Internat Co Ltd | 適用於車用儀表板之可調式背光顏色控制電路及其控制方法 |
| DE102012206976B4 (de) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-09-25 | Osram Gmbh | Schaltwandler zum Betreiben mindestens einer LED |
| DE102013205199A1 (de) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-25 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg | LED-Konverter mit verbessertem EMI-Verhalten |
| DE102013107872B3 (de) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-12-11 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Leuchtmittelanordnung |
| DE102015223589A1 (de) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Schaltwandler mit zyklischer Frequenzänderung |
| DE102016107578B4 (de) * | 2016-04-25 | 2023-06-01 | Vossloh-Schwabe Deutschland Gmbh | Betriebsschaltung und Verfahren zum Betreiben wenigstens eines Leuchtmittels |
| FI128991B (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2021-04-30 | Helvar Oy Ab | A power supply and a method for controlling the same |
| EP3920665B1 (de) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-11-01 | Inventronics GmbH | Verfahren zur ansteuerung von lichtquellen und zugehörige vorrichtung und system |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4683529A (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1987-07-28 | Zytec Corporation | Switching power supply with automatic power factor correction |
| DE4039161C2 (de) | 1990-12-07 | 2001-05-31 | Zumtobel Ag Dornbirn | System zur Steuerung der Helligkeit und des Betriebsverhaltens von Leuchtstofflampen |
| US5380270A (en) | 1990-12-07 | 1995-01-10 | Willy Rusch Ag | Ureteral catheter |
| ATE213901T1 (de) | 1997-12-23 | 2002-03-15 | Tridonic Bauelemente | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erfassen des in einer gasentladungslampe auftretenden gleichrichteffekts |
| DE10120497B4 (de) | 2000-09-15 | 2015-10-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät |
| US6906503B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2005-06-14 | Precor Incorporated | Power supply controller for exercise equipment drive motor |
| DE102004051162B4 (de) | 2004-10-20 | 2019-07-18 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Modulation eines PFC bei DC-Betrieb |
-
2010
- 2010-08-10 DE DE201010039154 patent/DE102010039154A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-08-10 WO PCT/EP2011/063754 patent/WO2012020047A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-08-10 EP EP11749142.3A patent/EP2604097B1/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2012020047A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2604097B1 (de) | 2016-01-13 |
| WO2012020047A1 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
| DE102010039154A1 (de) | 2012-02-16 |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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