EP2601140A1 - Process for separating zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides from mixtures thereof - Google Patents
Process for separating zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides from mixtures thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP2601140A1 EP2601140A1 EP11757381.6A EP11757381A EP2601140A1 EP 2601140 A1 EP2601140 A1 EP 2601140A1 EP 11757381 A EP11757381 A EP 11757381A EP 2601140 A1 EP2601140 A1 EP 2601140A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tetrachloride
- substituted
- mixture
- aromatic compound
- ionic liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical class Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 34
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 27
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 C12 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910007926 ZrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MEMUUVPUNOWAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium(2+) dichloride hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cd+2].Cl.[Cl-] MEMUUVPUNOWAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C YUWFEBAXEOLKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- REJGOFYVRVIODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanium;chloride Chemical class P.Cl REJGOFYVRVIODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LCRZZBQGAWGKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1C LCRZZBQGAWGKFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHLZPGRDRYCVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1C WHLZPGRDRYCVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- OCVUKWHYJSLSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-1-methylimidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+]1(C)C=CN=C1 OCVUKWHYJSLSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004922 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- STDOQAJDECNVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C.Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C.Cl.Cl.Cl.Cl STDOQAJDECNVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000287219 Serinus canaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QFFVPLLCYGOFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium chromate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O QFFVPLLCYGOFPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000895 extractive distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyltrioctylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XKBGEWXEAPTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C BEZDDPMMPIDMGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005201 tetramethylbenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G25/00—Compounds of zirconium
- C01G25/04—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G27/00—Compounds of hafnium
- C01G27/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G27/00—Compounds of hafnium
- C01G27/04—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/14—Obtaining zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/86—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by NMR- or ESR-data
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for separating zirconium tetrachloride and hafnium from their mixtures as they are obtained by direct chlorination of their ores.
- Zirconium ores such as zirconia contain ⁇ hafnium in proportions which are between 1 and 3% but which can reach 20%. But needles of zirconium or its alloys which contain, for example, oxides of uranium and / or plutonium in nuclear reactors require the elimination as complete as possible of the hafnium which has the property of strongly absorbing them. neutrons. Most often, the hafnium content must be less than 200 ppm or even 100 ppm. And conversely, in some parts of reactors (retarders) the zirconium content in hafnium must be less than 4.5%.
- the compounds of zirconium and hafiiium have very similar physical and chemical properties; the proposed methods of separation are numerous.
- liquid-liquid or aqueous extraction N. Ozanne, ML Lemaire, A. Guy, J. Foos, S. Pellet-Rostaing, F. Chitry, WO, European Company of Zirconium Cezus, Fr., 20010910. 2002, 23 pp. Oriel, L. Favre-Reguillon, A. Pellet-Rostaing, S. Lemaire, M. Zirconium and hafnium separation, part 1. Liquid / liquid extraction in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with Aliquat 336.
- One aspect of the invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive and non-corrosive industrial separation process for separating zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides from mixtures thereof.
- Another aspect of the invention is to provide a simple industrial process for separating zirconium / hafnium.
- Another aspect of the invention is to provide a method for producing zirconium-enriched fractions containing trace hafiiium.
- the invention therefore more precisely relates to the use of an ionic liquid, whose melting point is less than 100 ° C., and to a non-nucleophilic anion, under anhydrous conditions, for the implementation of a process method for separating hafnium tetrachloride and zirconium tetrachloride from a mixture of: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound by liquid-liquid extraction with Zr / Hf enrichment at least 100/1 (expressed as a mass relative to the aforesaid complexes).
- the inventors have found, surprisingly, that the liquid-liquid extraction with the aid of an ionic liquid made it possible to completely separate the two respective complexes of Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound, making thus possible a separation on an industrial scale in a single step.
- the anion of the ionic liquid used is non-nucleophilic so as not to modify the structure of the complexes formed.
- the aforesaid mixture of complexes comes from the reaction of an aromatic compound on a starting mixture of ZrCl. and HfCl 4 .
- this starting mixture may be derived from the carbochlorination of the zircon ore, which usually contains a ratio: weight percent Hf / Zr from 1/99 to 3/97.
- This starting mixture of ZrClt and HfCl 4 may have undergone one or more treatments intended to eliminate certain metals or impurities.
- the liquid-liquid extraction is carried out with a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons.
- the liquid-liquid extraction involves on the one hand the "ionic liquids” that is to say pairs of ions whose melting point is less than 100 ° C and on the other hand hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, these two types of liquids being chosen as not very miscible with each other and preferably immiscible with each other, to allow the formation of two phases: an ionic liquid phase and a hydrocarbon phase.
- the temperature at which the separation process is carried out is less than about 100 ° C, and is especially about 15 to about 35 ° C.
- the aromatic compound involved respectively in the two complexes respectively of Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound has the following formula:
- Z ls Z 2, Z 3, Z 4, Z 5 and Z 6 represent independently of one another:
- the aromatic compound advantageously used in the invention is hexamethylbenzene which may be replaced by any other aromatic such as toluene, xylenes, tetramethylbenzenes and pentamethylbenzene.
- the aromatic compound is such that it is capable of giving a binuclear ionic hafnium complex of formula [Hf (n 6 -Me 6 C 6 ) Cl 3 ] + [Hf 2 Cl 9 ] is a binuclear molecular compound of formula Zr (R
- the complex mixture: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound can be either in solution in a solvent, such as toluene or in the form of a solid composition.
- the ionic liquid is a particularly stoichiometric mixture of one or more ammonium chlorides and one or more metal chlorides.
- the mixture defined above is advantageously a stoichiometric mixture.
- the use of an ionic liquid with a non-nucleophilic anion is necessary in accordance with what has been said previously.
- the metal chloride (s) are chosen from aluminum trichloride, zinc chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and ferrous chloride.
- ammonium chloride (s) are chosen from:
- heterocycle chlorides such as pyridine and substituted pyridines
- any other nitrogen or phosphorus heterocycle optionally additionally containing oxygen or sulfur atoms
- the ionic liquid is a stoichiometric mixture of methylbutylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride.
- the liquid-liquid extraction is carried out with a hydrocarbon chosen from:
- alkyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms and
- the liquid-liquid extraction involved in the invention is carried out by adding to the mixture of complexes: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound, an ionic liquid.
- an ionic liquid When the aforesaid complex mixture is in the form of a solid composition, the addition thereto of the ionic liquid leads to the production of an anhydrous solution.
- anhydrous solution comprising:
- an ionic liquid whose melting point is less than 100 ° C.
- the aromatic compound in the complexes defined above which are part of the anhydrous solution, has the following formula:
- Z ls Z 2, Z 3, Z 4, Z 5 and Z 6 represent independently of one another:
- the ionic liquid in the anhydrous solution, is a particularly stoichiometric mixture of one or more ammonium chlorides and one or more metal chlorides.
- the metal chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from aluminum trichloride, zinc chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and chloride.
- ferrous chloride ferric chloride, boron trichloride, gallium trichloride, cupric chloride, cuprous chloride, titanium tetrachloride, cadmium trichloride, cobalt dichloride, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride , antimony trichloride or mixtures thereof.
- the ammonium chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from:
- heterocycle chlorides such as pyridine and substituted pyridines
- any other nitrogen or phosphorus heterocycle optionally further containing oxygen or sulfur atoms, and
- These compounds may optionally carry various functions, alcohols, acids, amines, etc.
- the ionic liquid in the anhydrous solution, is a stoichiometric mixture of methylbutylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride.
- the hydrocarbon is added to make the liquid-liquid extraction. This hydrocarbon can also be added simultaneously with the addition of the ionic liquid.
- anhydrous reaction mixture comprising:
- the Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound complex Zr (Ar) Cl 2-- Cl) 3 ZrCl 3 , (Ar representing an aromatic) in the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture, and the Hf tetrachloride complex / aromatic compound: [Hf (Ar) Cl 3 ] [Hf 2 Cl 9 ] found in the ionic liquid.
- the aromatic compound in the complexes defined above which are contained in the anhydrous solution, has the following formula:
- Z ls Z 2, Z 3, Z 4, Z 5 and Z 6 represent independently of one another:
- the ionic liquid in the anhydrous solution, is a particularly stoichiometric mixture of one or more ammonium chlorides and one or more metal chlorides.
- the metal chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from aluminum trichloride, zinc chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, hafhium tetrachloride, ferric chloride, ferric chloride, boron trichloride, gallium trichloride, cupric chloride, cuprous chloride, titanium tetrachloride, cadmium trichloride, cobalt dichloride, tin dichloride, tetrachloride tin, antimony trichloride or mixtures thereof.
- the ammonium chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from:
- heterocycle chlorides such as pyridine and substituted pyridines, dipyridyls, mono, di or trisubstituted imidazolium chlorides,
- the ionic liquid in the anhydrous solution, is a stoichiometric mixture of methylbutylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride.
- the solvent involved in the liquid-liquid extraction is a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons chosen in particular from:
- alkyl and / or cycloalkyl chains aromatic substituted by alkyl and / or cycloalkyl chains, the alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- the invention relates to a separation process between hafnium tetrachloride and zirconium tetrachloride, comprising the following steps:
- either the aforementioned mixture of complexes is in solution in said solvent, o either said solvent is added to the mixture of complexes simultaneously with the contacting of the ionic liquid with the aforesaid mixture of complexes, or it is added to the mixture of complexes subsequent to contacting the ionic liquid with the aforesaid mixture of complexes.
- the mixture of complexes: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound is contained in the solvent before contacting with the ionic liquid.
- the solvent is added to the mixture of complexes simultaneously with the contacting of the ionic liquid with the mixture of complexes.
- the solvent is added to the mixture of complexes after contacting the ionic liquid with the mixture of complexes.
- the said mixture contains a phase comprising the solvent and a phase comprising the ionic liquid,
- the aforesaid mixture contains an added alkane allowing the formation of a phase comprising the solvent and a phase comprising the ionic liquid,
- the recovery of the molecular complex: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound in the solvent is by decantation between the phase comprising the solvent and the phase comprising the ionic liquid, when these two phases are not miscible with each other.
- the recovery of the molecular complex Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound in the solvent is done by adding an alkane, especially butane, pentane, to obtain the phase comprising the solvent and the phase comprising the ionic liquid.
- the liquid-liquid extraction according to the invention may be discontinuous; Thus, a portion of complex mixture: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound is brought into contact with a certain volume of ionic liquid and hydrocarbons. After stirring, it is ensured that two phases are formed, an essential condition for extraction. If not, it is necessary to modify the composition of at least one of the liquids. Thus aromatic hydrocarbons are often miscible with ionic liquids which requires the use of the addition of alkane.
- the step of contacting the complex mixture: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound with the ionic liquid is preceded by a step for treating the hafnium tetrachloride and zirconium tetrachloride with an aromatic compound in order to obtain the complex mixture: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound and Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound.
- it comprises a step of removing the aromatic compound from said complexes.
- the step of removing the aromatic compound can be done by vacuum distillation.
- the step of removing the aromatic compound can be done by vacuum distillation in the presence of an alkane.
- said aromatic has the following formula:
- Z ls Z 2, Z 3, Z 4, Z 5 and Z 6 represent independently of one another:
- said ionic liquid is a particularly stoichiometric mixture of one or more ammonium chlorides and one or more metal chlorides.
- the metal chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from aluminum trichloride, zinc chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and ferrous chloride.
- ferric chloride boron trichloride, gallium trichloride, cupric chloride, cuprous chloride, titanium tetrachloride, cadmium trichloride, cobalt dichloride, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride, antimony trichloride or mixtures thereof.
- ammonium chloride (s) of the ionic liquid are chosen from:
- heterocycle chlorides such as pyridine and substituted pyridines
- any other nitrogen or phosphorus heterocycle optionally further containing oxygen or sulfur atoms, and
- the ionic liquid is a stoichiometric mixture of methylbutylimidazolium chloride and aluminum chloride.
- the solvent is a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons chosen in particular from:
- alkyl and / or cycloalkyl chains aromatic substituted by alkyl and / or cycloalkyl chains, the alkyl groups having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and
- the liquid-liquid extraction is discontinuous.
- Said liquid-liquid extraction can be done continuously against the current. If the desired performance for the extraction is not sufficient, the number of stages necessary to obtain the desired degree of separation can be added.
- the subject of the invention is in particular a method as described above comprising the following steps:
- Figure 1 shows a mounting for the extraction of the ionic liquid containing the mixture of complexes of Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound - Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound with toluene.
- Example 1 In situ Preparation of the Complex Mixture: Zr / hexamethylbenzene tetrachloride / Hf / hexamethylbenzene tetrachloride
- Hexamethylbenzene (0.818 g, 4.04 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. To this solution was added 1.38 g (5.92 mmol) of zirconium tetrachloride and 1.78 g (5.56 mmol) of tetrachloride hafiiium. After 48 hours of stirring, the solution is cooled to 4 ° C. The solid formed is recovered and the toluene is evaporated.
- the solution very quickly takes on a canary yellow color.
- the solution is stirred vigorously and at room temperature for 48 hours.
- Example 4 In situ Preparation of a Complex Mixture: 0.7 mole Zr tetrachloride / - 0.3 mole of Hf tetrachloride / 1 mole of tetramethylbenzene
- Example 5 In situ Preparation of a Complex Mixture: 0.9 mole Zr tetrachloride / 0.1 mole Hf tetrachloride / 1 mole tetramethylbenzene
- the toluene solution, yellow and cloudy, and the yellowish-white solid are stored and analyzed by ICP and Fluorescence X.
- ESI + 139.1 ([BMIm] + , 24%), 312.9 ([2BMIm, Cl] + , 9%), 448.5 ([2 BMIm, ZnCl 3 ] + , 2%), 622.8 ([3 BMIm, ZnC f , 100%), 758.5 ([3 BMIm, 2 ZnCl 3 ] + , 26).
- solubilities are measured by X-ray fluorescence. Intensity: Hf (La) 0.5476 and Zr (Ka) 0.3731.
- Example 2 The mixture obtained according to Example 1 is added to the ionic liquid obtained according to Example 6, and the mixture is stirred overnight. Toluene is then added and stirred for a day. Only one phase is observed. Pentane is then introduced to extract toluene from the ionic liquid (Table 2).
- Table 2 Quantities of complexes and solvents used for extraction.
- Table 3 Separation of Zr and Hf This shows that Hafnium can be quantitatively extracted by a single equilibrium and that the organic phase contains practically only zirconium.
- the ionic liquids obtained in Examples 8 to 10 are used analogously to obtain a separation of the complexes: Zr tetrachloride / aromatic compound - Hf tetrachloride / aromatic compound obtained in Examples 1 to 5 with an enrichment obtained according to this method. who is expected.
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FR1003230A FR2963339B1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2010-08-02 | PROCESS FOR SEPARATING ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM TETRACHLORIDES FROM THEIR MIXTURES |
PCT/FR2011/051863 WO2012017181A1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2011-08-02 | Process for separating zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides from mixtures thereof |
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US (1) | US9005556B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2601140B1 (en) |
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CN112499679B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2023-04-25 | 广东先导微电子科技有限公司 | Method for removing hafnium tetrachloride from zirconium tetrachloride |
CN113981221B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-06-23 | 中南民族大学 | Zirconium-hafnium separation extractant, application thereof and zirconium-hafnium separation method |
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US2892681A (en) * | 1949-08-25 | 1959-06-30 | Howard W Crandall | Separation process for zirconium and compounds thereof |
US2816814A (en) * | 1953-08-20 | 1957-12-17 | William K Plucknett | Separation of zirconium and hafnium halides |
US3006719A (en) * | 1957-07-17 | 1961-10-31 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Solvent extraction process for separating hafnium from zirconium |
DE1118179B (en) * | 1959-04-15 | 1961-11-30 | Oskar Glemser Dr Ing | Process for the separation of zirconium and hafnium compounds |
US3658466A (en) * | 1967-08-16 | 1972-04-25 | Nippon Mining Co | Process for the separation of zirconium and hafnium |
FR2250707B1 (en) | 1973-11-14 | 1978-11-03 | Ugine Aciers | |
US4231994A (en) * | 1979-08-27 | 1980-11-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Separation of zirconium from hafnium by solvent extraction |
US5176878A (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1993-01-05 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Zirconium-hafnium separation process |
JP2004501796A (en) | 2000-06-23 | 2004-01-22 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Form and manufacturing method |
FR2813877B1 (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-12-06 | Cezus Cie Europ Du Zirconium | PROCESS FOR SEPARATING METALS SUCH AS ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM |
US6737030B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2004-05-18 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Method for separating hafnium from zirconium |
FR2872811B1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-10-06 | Cie Europ Du Zirconium Cezus S | PROCESS FOR SEPARATING AND PURIFYING HAFNIUM AND ZIRCONIUM |
AU2008202451A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2009-01-08 | Antek, Skotnicki Dr | A highly efficient method for separation of zirconium and hafnium |
US7705209B2 (en) | 2008-04-17 | 2010-04-27 | Mertec Llc | Soybean cultivar S070149 |
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