EP2600282B1 - Method for recording a line scan image - Google Patents

Method for recording a line scan image Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2600282B1
EP2600282B1 EP12455009.6A EP12455009A EP2600282B1 EP 2600282 B1 EP2600282 B1 EP 2600282B1 EP 12455009 A EP12455009 A EP 12455009A EP 2600282 B1 EP2600282 B1 EP 2600282B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
time interval
during
shooting
lighting
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EP12455009.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2600282A3 (en
EP2600282A2 (en
Inventor
Ernst Bodenstorfer
Reinhold Huber-Mörk
Konrad Mayer
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AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
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AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/02—Registering or indicating driving, working, idle, or waiting time only
    • G07C5/06—Registering or indicating driving, working, idle, or waiting time only in graphical form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for capturing images according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to an image capturing device according to the preamble of patent claim 5.
  • Inventive methods and systems are used commercially in particular for receiving and testing printing units.
  • the printing unit to be imaged is transported by a transport unit past a line scan camera, the line scan camera taking pictures in the form of line images at predetermined time intervals.
  • the line images are combined to form a surface image after recording.
  • the movement of the printing unit to be imaged does not take place at a constant speed with respect to the line scan camera, so that distortions of the created images occur with changing speed. If the tape moves slower, the pictures appear stretched, but if the tape moves faster, the pictures appear compressed.
  • the transport unit slows down the printing unit during the recording, the partial area of the printing unit that was first recorded at a faster speed appears compressed or shortened compared to the partial area of the printing unit recorded at a slower speed.
  • the selection of the recording times is adapted to the speed of movement of the printing unit, with faster movement of the printing unit relative to the line scan camera, the distance between the recording times is shortened accordingly, so that shots are each started when the printing unit has moved forward by a certain distance from the previous recording.
  • the exposure time of the individual pixel sensors of the line scan camera is kept constant in each case.
  • a slower movement of the printing unit thus a much higher recording sharpness can be achieved than with a faster movement, so that the image has an overall inhomogeneous sharpness distribution.
  • Areas picked up during a faster movement were displayed with less sharp focus than areas where the printing unit was moved more slowly, resulting in an overall inhomogeneous sharpness distribution.
  • a method of making patterned articles such as RFID antenna methods is known.
  • a substrate having a coating such as a metal or metal oxide and an interface comprising the thin region where the coating and the substrate are closest to each other is provided.
  • At least a portion of the total area of the coating is exposed to a flux of electromagnetic energy, such as an excimer laser beam, in focus.
  • a flux of electromagnetic energy such as an excimer laser beam
  • the interface is disturbed, but the coating is not removed.
  • the portion of the coating with the portion of the interface area that has been broken is removed by ultrasonic motion.
  • the process has advantages over photoresist processes as it leaves no chemical residue on the product.
  • the US 2004/0145726 A1 shows a method for checking the authenticity of a banknote.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and an image pickup device that provide consistent and comparable results, regardless of the transport speed of the printing unit.
  • the invention achieves this in a method of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the invention achieves this in an image pickup device of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 5.
  • the invention relates to a method for recording a line image of a printing unit with a line sensor, wherein the printing unit is moved past the line sensor, and the recording interval is adapted to the speed of movement of the printing unit, so that during the recording interval in each case one line of the printing unit is taken.
  • the illumination of the printing unit is reduced when the speed of movement of the printing unit falls below a predetermined nominal speed, wherein to reduce the lighting, the printing unit is illuminated only during certain periods of time within a recording interval, and that at this reduced illumination, a line image is created.
  • the printing unit is illuminated during the exposure time interval, in particular during the entire recording interval, with a lighting sequence controlled by a pulse-width-modulated illumination signal, the ratio between the switch-on time and the period of the illumination Illumination signal is set so that it corresponds to the ratio between the duration of the exposure time interval at rated speed and the duration of the exposure time interval at the current speed of the printing unit.
  • a further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the illumination signal is synchronized with the recording interval, wherein optionally the illumination signal has a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the recording interval or the reset time interval.
  • control unit when it falls below a predetermined nominal speed of the printing unit, reduces the illumination of the printing unit by producing a lighting signal and directing it to the lighting unit, the lighting unit illuminating the printing unit only during the time intervals determined by the lighting signal within the recording interval.
  • the pixel sensors are designed as CMOS pixel sensors. Since CMOS pixel sensors can not be set inactive during the exposure, the method according to the invention can advantageously also be carried out with these sensors, since no inactivation of the CMOS sensors is required and the suppression of the exposure of the pixel sensor is effected by deactivating the illumination.
  • the illumination unit has a number of light-emitting diodes, in particular exclusively light-emitting diodes.
  • control unit In order to achieve a constant brightness with the greatest possible avoidance of moiré effects, it can be provided that the control unit generates a pulse-width-modulated illumination signal which is fed to the illumination unit, the illumination unit illuminating the printing unit at least during the exposure time interval, in particular during the entire recording interval. wherein the control unit sets the ratio between the on-time and the period of the illumination signal to correspond to the ratio between the duration of the exposure time interval at rated speed and the duration of the exposure time interval at the instantaneous movement speed of the printing unit.
  • control unit synchronizes the illumination signal with the recording interval, the lighting signal optionally having a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the recording interval or the reset time interval.
  • Fig. 1 shows a receiving unit, a lighting unit, a conveyor belt and transported with the conveyor belt printing unit from the side.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the control of the recording and the lighting.
  • Fig. 3 shows the exposure control with a CMOS pixel sensor.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows the recorded print engine and some features located on it.
  • Fig. 5 shows the recording of a printing unit at rated speed.
  • Fig. 6 shows the recording with a known method at a transport speed below the rated speed, which leads to moire effects.
  • Fig. 7 shows the recording with a preferred method according to the invention at a transport speed below the rated speed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a recording unit 1 with a line sensor 2 with a number of pixel sensors 12 and an optical system 3.
  • the individual pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor are CMOS pixel sensors.
  • the receiving unit 1 is directed to a transport unit 5, on which a printing unit 4 is transported.
  • the transport unit 5 is in this particular embodiment of the invention, a conveyor belt, the printing unit 4 is for example a banknote.
  • the transport unit 5 moves the printing unit 4 in the direction indicated by the arrow. During transport, the printing unit 4 is illuminated by a lighting unit 6.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the exposure control.
  • the transport unit 5 has a measuring unit 9 which determines the speed v of the printing unit 4 or the path s traveled by the printing unit 4 at time intervals. These measured values produced by the measuring unit 9 are supplied to a control unit 7, which actuates the lighting unit 6 and the recording unit 1 as a function of the measured values s, v.
  • the control unit transmits the recording unit a control signal C, with which the recording is controlled and the recording unit 1 is set in different operating states, in the following embodiment resetting, exposing and measuring.
  • the line images ZB created by the line sensor 2 located in the recording unit 1 are combined to form a surface image in an image-forming unit 8 connected downstream of the recording unit 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows the exposure of the individual pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2, which is the same for all pixel sensors 12.
  • the pixel sensor 12 is reset on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit, for which purpose a predetermined reset voltage V 0 , for example 3 V, is impressed on it.
  • the pixel sensor 12 is exposed on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit, the voltage V at the output of the pixel sensor 12 decreasing depending on the intensity of the exposure.
  • a voltage V X is applied to the pixel sensor 12.
  • the voltage difference ⁇ V between the reset voltage V 0 and the voltage V X applied at the end of the exposure time interval T 1 is determined on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit.
  • the voltage differences ⁇ V determined by all the pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2 are forwarded to the image-forming unit 8 as brightness values.
  • a spatial resolution width of 0.1 mm is used both in the direction of movement indicated by an arrow and normally.
  • a printing unit 4 is shown, with only four columns S and six rows Z are shown for illustrative purposes.
  • a printing unit 4 has lengths and widths of a few centimeters, so that in real practical examples substantially more rows Z and columns S are available than in Fig. 4 are shown.
  • Fig. 4 shows the simplified printing unit 4 with several features 11, which are much finer resolved than the scanning width used for the verification of the printing unit 4 ⁇ s.
  • the columns S are arranged in the direction of movement indicated by the arrow, the rows Z are normal to on the printing unit 4.
  • each column S is in each case a arranged in the line sensor 2 pixel sensor 12 is available. Furthermore, two image areas A 1 , A 2 are picked out, which correspond in each case to one pixel in the image to be created and whose illustration is explained in more detail in the following examples.
  • the article 4 has features 11 which are much finer resolved than the scan width ⁇ s.
  • Fig. 5 shows the recording of two image areas A 1 , A 2 of the printing unit 4 at a nominal speed v 1 of 10 m / s with one of the pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2.
  • the reflectivity R of the momentarily in the recording area of the pixel sensor 12 of the line sensor. 2 present part of the printing unit 4, wherein the printing unit 4 has features 11 which are finer than the scanning width .DELTA.s.
  • the voltage V present at the output of the pixel sensor 12 is displayed.
  • the printing unit 4 moves so fast that the printing unit 4 in 10 microseconds to the scan width ⁇ s normal to the row direction, ie in the direction of travel, is moved.
  • the recording of a subject line takes place during this recording interval.
  • Fig. 5 two images of a pixel sensor 12 of the line sensor 2 are shown, each lasting 10 microseconds.
  • the speed v 1 10 m / s, the scanning width
  • a recording interval ⁇ T is 10 ⁇ s.
  • 0.5 ⁇ s of the available time of 10 ⁇ s are attributable to the reset process which takes place during a reset time interval T 0 and 1 ⁇ s to the measurement process which takes place during a measurement time interval T 2 .
  • the remaining 8.5 ⁇ s of the exposure time interval T 1 are used for the exposure of the line sensor 2 or of the individual pixel sensor 12.
  • the reflectivity values R of almost all features 11 of the printing unit 4 are included in the respective measured values ⁇ V 1 , ⁇ V 2 . Only those features 11, which are just during the reset time interval T 0 and the measuring time interval T 2 in the receiving area of the line sensor 2 are not covered by the measurement.
  • the undetectable features 11 of the printing unit 4 are in Fig. 5 hatched shown. Unless the reset time interval T 0, and the measurement time interval T 2 and the distance covered during these time intervals T 0, T 2 path is small or short relative to the stationary for exposure available exposure time interval T 1 and the distance covered during the exposure time interval T 1 pathway are On average, all features 11 are shown equally well. In practice, such effects, which are caused by a small reset time interval T 0 and the measurement time interval T 2 , can be neglected, since the optics 3 has a blur and therefore the exposure also takes place via neighboring areas.
  • Fig. 6 shows the recording of the same printing unit 4 at a reduced speed v 2 according to the method according to the prior art, wherein the speed v 2 of the printing unit 4 of half the nominal speed v 1 corresponds.
  • the measuring unit 9 detects a reduction of the speed to a value of v 2 and correspondingly extends the recording interval ⁇ T so that the printing unit 4 covers the scanning width ⁇ s during a recording interval ⁇ T.
  • the recording of the same image area A 1 , A 2 on the printing unit 4 takes twice as long.
  • the scanning width is .DELTA.s
  • the measuring time interval T 2 is 1 ⁇ s, as in the case of the full speed procedure. If the remaining 18.5 ⁇ s of the exposure time interval T 1 were used to expose the line sensor 2 or the respective pixel sensor 12, the determined brightness would be much higher due to the longer exposure time. In order to achieve the same exposure time, in the prior art the exposure time, thus the exposure time interval T 1 , is shortened to the exposure time available at rated speed v 1 . This is 8.5 ⁇ s in the present embodiment. This leaves a remaining time interval T 3 of 10 ⁇ s. During this remaining time interval T3, the respective pixel sensor 12 is kept set to the reset voltage v 0 .
  • the illustrated embodiment has the problem that, at a lower transport speed v 2 of the printing unit 4, only a partial area is used to determine the respective brightness value.
  • a permutation of the exposure time interval T 1 with the remaining time interval T 3 would not provide a remedy, since correspondingly different parts of the respective image area A 1 , A 2 would be disregarded and Moire effects would occur.
  • the recording intervals .DELTA.T be extended accordingly.
  • procedure is only made a subdivision into three time intervals, namely in a reset time interval T 0 , an exposure time interval T 1 and a measuring time interval T 2 .
  • the reset time interval T 0 and the measurement time interval T 2 are, as with the in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown procedures each 0.5 microseconds and 1 microseconds.
  • the exposure time interval T 1 in the present embodiment is 18.5 ⁇ s.
  • a shorter exposure time i. H. a shorter time, in which the respective pixel sensor 12 is activated for recording
  • a shorter lighting time selected This is the time in which the printing unit 4 to be imaged is illuminated by the illumination unit 6.
  • the images of the printing unit 4 find it - at least for the wavelength range in question - instead of backlighting.
  • the control of the illumination unit 6 takes place in the present embodiment by means of pulse width modulation.
  • a frequency is specified which corresponds to a multiple of the sampling frequency.
  • a lighting signal B is generated, which is supplied to the lighting unit 6 by the control unit 7.
  • the illumination signal B is set active, the illumination unit 6 is activated. At a later time during the period the signal is deactivated. Depending on when during the period the illumination signal B is set inactive, the illumination time can be made shorter or longer. If the illumination signal B is set inactive very late, the printing unit 4 is illuminated almost during the entire period TS. If the illumination signal B is set inactive very early, the respective illumination duration is shorter overall.
  • the period of time within a period in which the illumination signal B is set active is referred to as on-time T on
  • the remaining period in which the illumination signal B is set inactive is referred to as off-time T off .
  • the ratio between the on-time and the period is advantageously set to correspond to the ratio between the duration of the exposure interval T 1 at rated speed v 1 and the duration of the exposure interval T 1 at the instantaneous speed v 2 of the printing unit.
  • the switch-on time is approx. 1.84 ⁇ s, the switch-off time 2.16 ⁇ s.
  • a continuous lighting can be set during the movement of the object 4 at the rated speed v 1 . If, however, the speed of the object 4 falls below the rated speed v 1 , a PWM signal is selected as the illumination signal B.
  • an illumination signal B (not shown), which differs in its illumination intensity from that in FIG Fig. 7 illustrated illumination signal B has a reduced amplitude. If light-emitting diodes used as lighting units 6 However, due to the low response times, the use of a pulse width modulated illumination signal B.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufnahme von Bildern gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Bildaufnahmevorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 5.The invention relates to a method for capturing images according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention further relates to an image capturing device according to the preamble of patent claim 5.

Erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und Systeme werden insbesondere zur Aufnahme und zur Prüfung von Druckwerken gewerblich eingesetzt.Inventive methods and systems are used commercially in particular for receiving and testing printing units.

Bei herkömmlichen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Bildaufnahmeverfahren wird das abzubildende Druckwerk mit einer Transporteinheit an einer Zeilenkamera vorbei transportiert, wobei die Zeilenkamera in vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen Aufnahmen in Form von Zeilenbildern erstellt. Die Zeilenbilder werden nach der Aufnahme zu einem Flächenbild zusammengesetzt.In conventional image recording methods known from the prior art, the printing unit to be imaged is transported by a transport unit past a line scan camera, the line scan camera taking pictures in the form of line images at predetermined time intervals. The line images are combined to form a surface image after recording.

Typischerweise erfolgt die Bewegung des abzubildenden Druckwerks gegenüber der Zeilenkamera nicht mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit, sodass bei wechselnder Geschwindigkeit Verzerrungen der erstellten Bilder auftreten. Bewegt sich das Band langsamer, erscheinen die Bilder gestreckt, bewegt sich das Band hingegen schneller, erscheinen die Bilder gestaucht.Typically, the movement of the printing unit to be imaged does not take place at a constant speed with respect to the line scan camera, so that distortions of the created images occur with changing speed. If the tape moves slower, the pictures appear stretched, but if the tape moves faster, the pictures appear compressed.

Bremst die Transporteinheit das Druckwerk während der Aufnahme ab, so erscheint der zuerst mit schnellerer Geschwindigkeit aufgenommene Teilbereich des Druckwerks gegenüber dem mit langsamerer Geschwindigkeit aufgenommenen Teilbereich des Druckwerks gestaucht bzw. verkürzt.If the transport unit slows down the printing unit during the recording, the partial area of the printing unit that was first recorded at a faster speed appears compressed or shortened compared to the partial area of the printing unit recorded at a slower speed.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass die Auswahl der Aufnahmezeitpunkte an die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks angepasst wird, wobei bei schnellerer Bewegung des Druckwerks gegenüber der Zeilenkamera der Abstand zwischen den Aufnahmezeitpunkten entsprechend verkürzt wird, sodass Aufnahmen jeweils dann gestartet werden, wenn sich das Druckwerk gegenüber der jeweils vorhergehenden Aufnahme um eine bestimmte Wegstrecke vorwärts bewegt hat.From the prior art it is known that the selection of the recording times is adapted to the speed of movement of the printing unit, with faster movement of the printing unit relative to the line scan camera, the distance between the recording times is shortened accordingly, so that shots are each started when the printing unit has moved forward by a certain distance from the previous recording.

Um eine gleichbleibende Helligkeit des Bilds zu erreichen, wird die Belichtungszeit der einzelnen Pixelsensoren der Zeilenkamera jeweils konstant gehalten. Bei einer langsameren Bewegung des Druckwerks kann somit eine wesentlich höhere Aufnahmeschärfe erzielt werden als bei einer schnelleren Bewegung, sodass das Bild insgesamt eine inhomogene Schärfeverteilung aufweist. Bereiche, die bei einer schnelleren Bewegung aufgenommen wurden, erscheinen weniger scharf abgebildet als Bereiche, bei denen der Druckwerk langsamer bewegt wurde, sodass das erzielte Bild insgesamt eine inhomogene Schärfeverteilung aufweist.In order to achieve a constant brightness of the image, the exposure time of the individual pixel sensors of the line scan camera is kept constant in each case. With a slower movement of the printing unit thus a much higher recording sharpness can be achieved than with a faster movement, so that the image has an overall inhomogeneous sharpness distribution. Areas picked up during a faster movement were displayed with less sharp focus than areas where the printing unit was moved more slowly, resulting in an overall inhomogeneous sharpness distribution.

Sind auf dem Druckwerk Merkmale enthalten, die wesentlich feiner sind als die Abtastungslänge, so wird bei einer langsameren Bewegung des Druckwerks gegenüber der Zeilenkamera jeweils nur ein Teilbereich des abzubildenden Bereichs auf dem Druckwerk tatsächlich abgebildet. Durch dieses Vorgehen können Moire-Effekte auftreten, wobei abhängig von der jeweiligen Aufnahmegeschwindigkeit auch stark differierende Bilder erstellt werden. Die Bilder werden somit schwer vergleichbar. Bei einer Prüfung werden bei großen Schwankungen der Transportgeschwindigkeit intakte bzw. fehlerfreie Druckwerke ausgeschieden.If features are present on the printing unit which are substantially finer than the scanning length, only a partial area of the area to be imaged on the printing unit is actually imaged with a slower movement of the printing couple relative to the line scan camera. Moire effects can occur as a result of this procedure, whereby highly differing images are also created depending on the respective recording speed. The pictures are thus difficult to compare. In a test, intact or error-free printing units are eliminated in the event of large fluctuations in the transport speed.

Aus WO 0042472 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von gemusterten Gegenständen, wie RFID-Antennen Verfahren, bekannt. Ein Substrat mit einer Beschichtung, wie einem Metall oder Metalloxid, und eine Schnittstelle, umfassend den dünnen Bereich, in dem die Beschichtung und das Substrat am nächsten zueinander sind, wird bereitgestellt. Mindestens ein Teil der Gesamtfläche der Beschichtung wird einem Fluss von elektromagnetischer Energie, wie beispielsweise ein Excimer-Laserstrahl, fokussiert ausgesetzt. Hierdurch wird die Grenzfläche gestört, aber die Beschichtung nicht abgetragen. Der Teil der Beschichtung mit dem Abschnitt der Schnittstellenbereich, der unterbrochen wurde, wird mittels Ultraschallbewegung entfernt. Das Verfahren hat Vorteile gegenüber Fotolackprozessen, da es keine chemischen Rückstände auf dem Produkt hinterlässt.Out WO 0042472 For example, a method of making patterned articles such as RFID antenna methods is known. A substrate having a coating such as a metal or metal oxide and an interface comprising the thin region where the coating and the substrate are closest to each other is provided. At least a portion of the total area of the coating is exposed to a flux of electromagnetic energy, such as an excimer laser beam, in focus. As a result, the interface is disturbed, but the coating is not removed. The portion of the coating with the portion of the interface area that has been broken is removed by ultrasonic motion. The process has advantages over photoresist processes as it leaves no chemical residue on the product.

Die US 2004/0145726 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung einer Banknote.The US 2004/0145726 A1 shows a method for checking the authenticity of a banknote.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Bildaufnahmevorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die unabhängig von der Transportgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks gleichbleibende und vergleichbare Ergebnisse liefern. Die Erfindung erreicht dies bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung erreicht dies bei einer Bildaufnahmevorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 5.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an image pickup device that provide consistent and comparable results, regardless of the transport speed of the printing unit. The invention achieves this in a method of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 1. The invention achieves this in an image pickup device of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 5.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Aufnahme eines Zeilenbilds eines Druckwerks mit einem Zeilensensor, wobei das Druckwerk am Zeilensensor vorbei bewegt wird, und das Aufnahmeintervall an die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks angepasst wird, sodass während des Aufnahmeintervalls jeweils eine Zeile des Druckwerks aufgenommen wird,. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Beleuchtung des Druckwerks reduziert wird, wenn die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks eine vorgegebenen Nenngeschwindigkeit unterschreitet, wobei zur Verringerung der Beleuchtung das Druckwerk nur während bestimmter Zeitabschnitte innerhalb eines Aufnahmeintervalls beleuchtet wird, und dass bei dieser verringerten Beleuchtung ein Zeilenbild erstellt wird.The invention relates to a method for recording a line image of a printing unit with a line sensor, wherein the printing unit is moved past the line sensor, and the recording interval is adapted to the speed of movement of the printing unit, so that during the recording interval in each case one line of the printing unit is taken. According to the invention it is provided that the illumination of the printing unit is reduced when the speed of movement of the printing unit falls below a predetermined nominal speed, wherein to reduce the lighting, the printing unit is illuminated only during certain periods of time within a recording interval, and that at this reduced illumination, a line image is created.

Durch diese Maßnahme kann für sämtliche Transportgeschwindigkeiten des Druckwerks eine vorgegebene und gleichbleibende Bewegungsunschärfe erzielt werden. Es wird der Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Referenzbild erleichtert. Insbesondere werden auch Merkmale in sämtlichen Bereichen einer Gegenstandszeile gleichmäßig berücksichtigt und es werden Moiré-Effekte weitestgehend unterdrückt.By this measure, a predetermined and constant motion blur can be achieved for all transport speeds of the printing unit. It is easier to compare with a given reference image. In particular, features in all areas of a subject line are equally considered and moire effects are largely suppressed.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass während des Aufnahmeintervalls die folgenden Aufnahmeschritte vorgenommen werden:

  • Die Pixelsensoren des Zeilensensors werden während eines Rücksetzzeitintervalls mit einer vorgegebenen Spannung beaufschlagt und rückgesetzt. Während eines, insbesondere an das Rücksetzzeitintervall anschließenden, Belichtungszeitintervalls Pixelsensoren belichtet und während eines folgenden, insbesondere an das Belichtungszeitintervall unmittelbar anschließenden, Messzeitintervalls werden die Werte der Pixelsensoren ausgelesen.
According to an advantageous development of the invention it can be provided that the following recording steps are carried out during the recording interval:
  • The pixel sensors of the line sensor are biased and reset during a reset time interval. During a subsequent exposure time interval, in particular to the reset time interval, pixel sensors are exposed and the values of the pixel sensors are read out during a subsequent measuring time interval, in particular immediately after the exposure time interval.

Um eine gleichbleibende Helligkeit bei weitestgehender Vermeidung von Moiré-Effekten zu erreichen, kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Druckwerk während des Belichtungszeitintervalls, insbesondere während des gesamten Aufnahmeintervalls, mit einer durch ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Beleuchtungssignal geregelten Beleuchtungsfolge beleuchtet wird, wobei das Verhältnis zwischen Einschaltzeit und Periodendauer des Beleuchtungssignals so festgelegt wird, dass es dem Verhältnis zwischen der Dauer des Belichtungszeitintervalls bei Nenngeschwindigkeit und der Dauer des Belichtungszeitintervalls bei der momentanen Geschwindigkeit des Druckwerks entspricht. Ein vorteilhaftes Beleuchtungssignal zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtdioden kann erzielt werden, indem die Periodendauer des Beleuchtungssignals auf TS = ΔT/N festgelegt wird, wobei N eine vorgegebene natürliche Zahl größer 1 ist.In order to achieve a constant brightness with the greatest possible avoidance of moiré effects, it can be provided that the printing unit is illuminated during the exposure time interval, in particular during the entire recording interval, with a lighting sequence controlled by a pulse-width-modulated illumination signal, the ratio between the switch-on time and the period of the illumination Illumination signal is set so that it corresponds to the ratio between the duration of the exposure time interval at rated speed and the duration of the exposure time interval at the current speed of the printing unit. An advantageous illumination signal for driving light-emitting diodes can be achieved by setting the period of the illumination signal to TS = ΔT / N, where N is a predetermined natural number greater than 1.

Ein weiterer bevorzugter Aspekt der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Beleuchtungssignal mit dem Aufnahmeintervall synchronisiert ist, wobei gegebenenfalls das Beleuchtungssignal am Beginn des Aufnahmeintervalls oder des Rücksetzzeitintervalls eine steigende oder fallende Flanke aufweist. Mit dieser Maßnahme kann eine einfache Ansteuerung erzielt werden.A further preferred aspect of the invention provides that the illumination signal is synchronized with the recording interval, wherein optionally the illumination signal has a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the recording interval or the reset time interval. With this measure, a simple control can be achieved.

Weiters betrifft die Erfindung eine Bildaufnahmevorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Bildern eine Aufnahmeeinheit mit einem Zeilensensor umfassend eine Anzahl von Pixelsensoren und mit einer Optik,

  • eine Transporteinheit zum Transport des Druckwerks sowie eine Messeinheit zur Ermittlung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks während des Transports,
  • eine Beleuchtungseinheit zur Beleuchtung des Druckwerks während seiner Aufnahme, sowie
  • eine Steuereinheit, die das Aufnahmeintervall an die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks anpasst, sodass während jedes Aufnahmeintervalls jeweils eine Zeile des Druckwerks in den Aufnahmebereich des Zeilensensors gelangt.
Furthermore, the invention relates to an image recording device for recording images, a recording unit with a line sensor comprising a number of pixel sensors and with an optical system,
  • a transport unit for transporting the printing unit and a measuring unit for determining the speed of movement of the printing unit during transport,
  • a lighting unit to illuminate the print engine during its recording, as well
  • a control unit which adjusts the recording interval to the speed of movement of the printing unit, so that during each recording interval one line of the printing unit in each case reaches the receiving area of the line sensor.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuereinheit bei Unterschreitung einer vorgegebenen Nenngeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks die Beleuchtung des Druckwerks reduziert, indem es ein Beleuchtungssignal erstellt und an die Beleuchtungseinheit leitet, wobei die Beleuchtungseinheit das Druckwerk nur während der durch das Beleuchtungssignal bestimmten Zeitabschnitte innerhalb Aufnahmeintervalls beleuchtet.According to the invention, the control unit, when it falls below a predetermined nominal speed of the printing unit, reduces the illumination of the printing unit by producing a lighting signal and directing it to the lighting unit, the lighting unit illuminating the printing unit only during the time intervals determined by the lighting signal within the recording interval.

Mit einer derartigen Bildaufnahmevorrichtung kann für sämtliche Transportgeschwindigkeiten des Druckwerks eine vorgegebene Bewegungsunschärfe erzielt werden. Hierdurch wird der Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Referenzbild erleichtert. Insbesondere werden Merkmale in sämtlichen Bereichen einer Gegenstandszeile gleichmäßig berücksichtigt und es werden Moiré-Effekte weitestgehend unterdrückt.With such an image recording device, a given motion blur can be achieved for all transport speeds of the printing unit. This facilitates the comparison with a given reference image. In particular, features are equally considered in all areas of a subject line, and moire effects are largely suppressed.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Pixelsensoren als CMOS-Pixelsensoren ausgebildet sind. Da CMOS-Pixelsensoren während der Belichtung nicht inaktiv gesetzt werden konnen, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorteilhaft auch mit diesen Sensoren durchgeführt werden, da keine Inaktivsetzung der CMOS-Sensoren erforderlich ist und die Unterdrückung der Belichtung des Pixelsensors durch eine Deaktivierung der Beleuchtung erfolgt.It is particularly advantageous if the pixel sensors are designed as CMOS pixel sensors. Since CMOS pixel sensors can not be set inactive during the exposure, the method according to the invention can advantageously also be carried out with these sensors, since no inactivation of the CMOS sensors is required and the suppression of the exposure of the pixel sensor is effected by deactivating the illumination.

Um einen besonders raschen Anstieg der Beleuchtungsintensität und somit eine präzise Beleuchtung des Druckwerks zu erzielen, kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Beleuchtungseinheit eine Anzahl von Leuchtdioden, insbesondere ausschließlich Leuchtdioden, aufweist.In order to achieve a particularly rapid increase in the illumination intensity and thus precise illumination of the printing unit, it can be provided that the illumination unit has a number of light-emitting diodes, in particular exclusively light-emitting diodes.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Steuereinheit während des Aufnahmeintervalls die folgenden Aufnahmeschritte vornimmt, nämlich

  • die Pixelsensoren des Zeilensensors während eines Rücksetzzeitintervalls mit einer vorgegebenen Spannung beaufschlagt und rücksetzt,
  • während eines, insbesondere an das Rücksetzzeitintervall anschließenden, Belichtungszeitintervalls Pixelsensoren belichtet und
  • während eines, insbesondere an das Belichtungszeitintervall anschließenden, Messzeitintervalls die Werte der Pixelsensoren ausliest und zur weiteren Verarbeitung zur Verfügung hält.
An advantageous development of the invention provides that the control unit undertakes the following recording steps during the recording interval, namely
  • applies and resets the pixel sensors of the line sensor during a reset time interval with a predetermined voltage,
  • During a, in particular to the reset time interval subsequent, exposure time interval exposed pixel sensors and
  • during a measuring time interval following, in particular, the exposure time interval, the values of the pixel sensors are read out and made available for further processing.

Um eine gleichbleibende Helligkeit bei weitestgehender Vermeidung von Moire-Effekten zu erreichen, kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinheit ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Beleuchtungssignal erzeugt, das der Beleuchtungseinheit zugeführt ist, wobei die Beleuchtungseinheit das Druckwerk zumindest während des Belichtungszeitintervalls, insbesondere während des gesamten Aufnahmeintervalls, beleuchtet, wobei die Steuereinheit das Verhältnis zwischen Einschaltzeit und Periodendauer des Beleuchtungssignals so festlegt, dass es dem Verhältnis zwischen der Dauer des Belichtungszeitintervalls bei Nenngeschwindigkeit und der Dauer des Belichtungszeitintervalls bei der momentanen Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks entspricht.In order to achieve a constant brightness with the greatest possible avoidance of moiré effects, it can be provided that the control unit generates a pulse-width-modulated illumination signal which is fed to the illumination unit, the illumination unit illuminating the printing unit at least during the exposure time interval, in particular during the entire recording interval. wherein the control unit sets the ratio between the on-time and the period of the illumination signal to correspond to the ratio between the duration of the exposure time interval at rated speed and the duration of the exposure time interval at the instantaneous movement speed of the printing unit.

Ein vorteilhaftes Beleuchtungssignal zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtdioden kann erzielt werden, wenn dass die Steuereinheit die Periodendauer auf TS = ΔT/N festlegt, wobei N eine vorgegebene natürliche Zahl größer 1 ist.An advantageous illumination signal for controlling light-emitting diodes can be achieved if the control unit sets the period to TS = ΔT / N, where N is a predetermined natural number greater than one.

Schließlich kann zur Vereinfachung der Ansteuerung von Beleuchtungseinheit und Aufnahmeeinheit vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinheit das Beleuchtungssignal mit dem Aufnahmeintervall synchronisiert, wobei gegebenenfalls das Beleuchtungssignal am Beginn des Aufnahmeintervalls oder des Rücksetzzeitintervalls eine steigende oder fallende Flanke aufweist.Finally, to simplify the actuation of the lighting unit and the recording unit, it may be provided that the control unit synchronizes the illumination signal with the recording interval, the lighting signal optionally having a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the recording interval or the reset time interval.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiels näher dargestellt, wobei auch die Unterschiede und Vorteile gegenüber dem Stand der Technik diskutiert werden.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an advantageous embodiment, wherein the differences and advantages over the prior art will be discussed.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Aufnahmeeinheit, eine Beleuchtungseinheit, ein Transportband und ein mit dem Transportband transportiertes Druckwerk von der Seite. Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die Steuerung der Aufnahme sowie der Beleuchtung. Fig. 3 zeigt die Belichtungssteuerung mit einem CMOS-Pixelsensor. Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch das aufzunehmende Druckwerk sowie einige darauf befindliche Merkmale. Fig. 5 zeigt die Aufnahme eines Druckwerks bei Nenngeschwindigkeit. Fig. 6 zeigt die Aufnahme mit einem bekannten Verfahren bei einer Transportgeschwindigkeit unterhalb der Nenngeschwindigkeit, die zu Moiré-Effekten führt. Fig. 7 zeigt die Aufnahme mit einem bevorzugten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bei einer Transportgeschwindigkeit unterhalb der Nenngeschwindigkeit. Fig. 1 shows a receiving unit, a lighting unit, a conveyor belt and transported with the conveyor belt printing unit from the side. Fig. 2 shows schematically the control of the recording and the lighting. Fig. 3 shows the exposure control with a CMOS pixel sensor. Fig. 4 schematically shows the recorded print engine and some features located on it. Fig. 5 shows the recording of a printing unit at rated speed. Fig. 6 shows the recording with a known method at a transport speed below the rated speed, which leads to moire effects. Fig. 7 shows the recording with a preferred method according to the invention at a transport speed below the rated speed.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Aufnahmeeinheit 1 mit einem Zeilensensor 2 mit einer Anzahl von Pixelsensoren 12 und einer Optik 3. Bei den einzelnen Pixelsensoren 12 des Zeilensensors handelt es sich um CMOS-Pixelsensoren. Die Aufnahmeeinheit 1 ist auf eine Transporteinheit 5 gerichtet, auf der ein Druckwerk 4 transportiert wird. Die Transporteinheit 5 ist in dieser besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein Transportband, das Druckwerk 4 ist beispielsweise ein Geldschein. Die Transporteinheit 5 bewegt das Druckwerk 4 in die durch den Pfeil angedeutete Richtung. Während des Transports wird das Druckwerk 4 von einer Beleuchtungseinheit 6 beleuchtet. Fig. 1 FIG. 2 shows a recording unit 1 with a line sensor 2 with a number of pixel sensors 12 and an optical system 3. The individual pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor are CMOS pixel sensors. The receiving unit 1 is directed to a transport unit 5, on which a printing unit 4 is transported. The transport unit 5 is in this particular embodiment of the invention, a conveyor belt, the printing unit 4 is for example a banknote. The transport unit 5 moves the printing unit 4 in the direction indicated by the arrow. During transport, the printing unit 4 is illuminated by a lighting unit 6.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die Belichtungssteuerung. Die Transporteinheit 5 verfügt über eine Messeinheit 9, die die Geschwindigkeit v des Druckwerks 4 oder den vom Druckwerk 4 zurückgelegten Weg s in zeitlichen Abständen ermittelt. Diese von der Messeinheit 9 erstellten Messwerte werden einer Steuereinheit 7 zugeführt, die abhängig von den Messwerten s, v die Beleuchtungseinheit 6 sowie die Aufnahmeeinheit 1 ansteuert. Die Steuereinheit übermittelt der Aufnahmeeinheit ein Steuersignal C, mit dem die Aufnahme gesteuert wird und die Aufnahmeeinheit 1 in unterschiedliche Betriebszustände, im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiel Rücksetzen, Belichten und Messen, gesetzt wird. Die von dem in der Aufnahmeeinheit 1 befindlichen Zeilensensor 2 erstellten Zeilenbilder ZB werden in einer der Aufnahmeeinheit 1 nachgeschalteten Bilderstellungseinheit 8 zu einem Flächenbild zusammengesetzt. Fig. 2 schematically shows the exposure control. The transport unit 5 has a measuring unit 9 which determines the speed v of the printing unit 4 or the path s traveled by the printing unit 4 at time intervals. These measured values produced by the measuring unit 9 are supplied to a control unit 7, which actuates the lighting unit 6 and the recording unit 1 as a function of the measured values s, v. The control unit transmits the recording unit a control signal C, with which the recording is controlled and the recording unit 1 is set in different operating states, in the following embodiment resetting, exposing and measuring. The line images ZB created by the line sensor 2 located in the recording unit 1 are combined to form a surface image in an image-forming unit 8 connected downstream of the recording unit 1.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Belichtung der einzelnen Pixelsensoren 12 des Zeilensensors 2, die für sämtliche Pixelsensoren 12 gleich erfolgt. Während eines Rücksetzzeitintervalls T0 wird der Pixelsensor 12 aufgrund des von der Steuereinheit abgegebenen Steuersignals C rückgesetzt, hierfür wird ihm eine vorgegebene Reset-Spannung V0, etwa 3V, aufgeprägt. Während eines anschließenden Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 wird der Pixelsensor 12 aufgrund des von der Steuereinheit abgegebenen Steuersignals C belichtet, wobei abhängig von der Stärke der Belichtung die Spannung V am Ausgang des Pixelsensors 12 abnimmt. Am Ende des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 liegt am Pixelsensor 12 eine Spannung VX an. Während eines weiteren anschließenden Messzeitintervalls T2 wird aufgrund des von der Steuereinheit abgegebenen Steuersignals C die Spannungsdifferenz ΔV zwischen der Reset-Spannung V0 und der am Ende des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 anliegenden Spannung VX ermittelt. Die von sämtlichen Pixelsensoren 12 des Zeilensensors 2 ermittelten Spannungsdifferenzen ΔV werden an die Bilderstellungseinheit 8 als Helligkeitswerte weitergeleitet. Fig. 3 shows the exposure of the individual pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2, which is the same for all pixel sensors 12. During a reset time interval T 0 , the pixel sensor 12 is reset on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit, for which purpose a predetermined reset voltage V 0 , for example 3 V, is impressed on it. During a subsequent exposure time interval T 1 , the pixel sensor 12 is exposed on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit, the voltage V at the output of the pixel sensor 12 decreasing depending on the intensity of the exposure. At the end of the exposure time interval T 1 , a voltage V X is applied to the pixel sensor 12. During a further subsequent measuring time interval T 2 , the voltage difference ΔV between the reset voltage V 0 and the voltage V X applied at the end of the exposure time interval T 1 is determined on the basis of the control signal C output by the control unit. The voltage differences ΔV determined by all the pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2 are forwarded to the image-forming unit 8 as brightness values.

Für die Prüfung des Druckwerks 4 wird sowohl in die durch einen Pfeil angedeutete Fortbewegungsrichtung als auch normal hierzu eine räumliche Auflösungsbreite von 0.1 mm verwendet. In Fig. 4 ist ein Druckwerk 4 dargestellt, wobei zur Veranschaulichung lediglich vier Spalten S und sechs Zeilen Z dargestellt sind. Typischerweise weist ein Druckwerk 4 Längen und Breiten von einigen Zentimetern auf, sodass bei realen Anwendungsbeispielen wesentlich mehr Zeilen Z und Spalten S zur Verfügung stehen, als in Fig. 4 dargestellt sind. Fig. 4 zeigt das vereinfachte Druckwerk 4 mit mehreren Merkmalen 11, die wesentlich feiner aufgelöst sind als die für die Prüfung des Druckwerks 4 verwendete Abtastbreite Δs. Die Spalten S sind in der durch den Pfeil angedeuteten Fortbewegungsrichtung angeordnet, die Zeilen Z liegen normal dazu auf dem Druckwerk 4. Für jede Spalte S steht jeweils ein im Zeilensensor 2 angeordneter Pixelsensor 12 zur Verfügung. Weiters sind zwei Bildbereiche A1, A2 herausgegriffen, die jeweils einem Pixel im zu erstellenden Bild entsprechen und deren Abbildung in den folgenden Beispielen näher erläutert wird. Der Gegenstand 4 weist Merkmale 11 auf, die wesentlich feiner aufgelöst sind als die Abtastbreite Δs.For the examination of the printing unit 4, a spatial resolution width of 0.1 mm is used both in the direction of movement indicated by an arrow and normally. In Fig. 4 a printing unit 4 is shown, with only four columns S and six rows Z are shown for illustrative purposes. Typically, a printing unit 4 has lengths and widths of a few centimeters, so that in real practical examples substantially more rows Z and columns S are available than in Fig. 4 are shown. Fig. 4 shows the simplified printing unit 4 with several features 11, which are much finer resolved than the scanning width used for the verification of the printing unit 4 Δs. The columns S are arranged in the direction of movement indicated by the arrow, the rows Z are normal to on the printing unit 4. For each column S is in each case a arranged in the line sensor 2 pixel sensor 12 is available. Furthermore, two image areas A 1 , A 2 are picked out, which correspond in each case to one pixel in the image to be created and whose illustration is explained in more detail in the following examples. The article 4 has features 11 which are much finer resolved than the scan width Δs.

Die Vorgehensweise des vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung wird lediglich bei einem einzigen Pixelsensor 12 demonstriert. Die übrigen Pixelsensoren 12 sind auf dieselbe Art angesteuert.The procedure of the present embodiment of the invention is demonstrated only with a single pixel sensor 12. The remaining pixel sensors 12 are driven in the same way.

Fig. 5 zeigt die Aufnahme von zwei Bildbereichen A1, A2 des Druckwerks 4 bei einer Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 von 10 m/s mit einem der Pixelsensoren 12 des Zeilensensors 2. Im oberen Bereich wird die Reflektivität R des momentan im Aufnahmebereich des Pixelsensors 12 des Zeilensensors 2 befindlichen Teils des Druckwerks 4 dargestellt, wobei das Druckwerk 4 Merkmale 11 aufweist, die feiner sind als die Abtastbreite Δs. Im unteren Teil der Fig. 5 wird die am Ausgang des Pixelsensors 12 anliegende Spannung V dargestellt. Bei dieser Geschwindigkeit v1 bewegt sich das Druckwerk 4 so schnell, dass das Druckwerk 4 in 10 µs um die Abtastbreite Δs normal zur Zeilenrichtung, d. h. in Fortbewegungsrichtung, fortbewegt wird. Die Aufnahme einer Gegenstandszeile, die bei dieser Ausführungsform normal zur Fortbewegungsrichtung liegt, erfolgt während dieses Aufnahmeintervalls. In Fig. 5 sind zwei Aufnahmen eines Pixelsensors 12 des Zeilensensors 2 dargestellt, die jeweils 10 µs dauern. Die Geschwindigkeit v1 = 10 m/s, die Abtastbreite As beträgt 0.1 mm, ein Aufnahmeintervall ΔT beträgt 10 µs. Von der zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit von 10 µs entfallen 0.5 µs auf den Rücksetzvorgang, der während eines Rücksetzzeitintervalls T0 erfolgt und 1 µs auf den Messvorgang, der während eines Messzeitintervalls T2 erfolgt. Die übrigen 8.5 µs des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 werden zur Belichtung des Zeilensensors 2 bzw. des einzelnen Pixelsensors 12 genutzt. Fig. 5 shows the recording of two image areas A 1 , A 2 of the printing unit 4 at a nominal speed v 1 of 10 m / s with one of the pixel sensors 12 of the line sensor 2. In the upper area, the reflectivity R of the momentarily in the recording area of the pixel sensor 12 of the line sensor. 2 present part of the printing unit 4, wherein the printing unit 4 has features 11 which are finer than the scanning width .DELTA.s. In the lower part of the Fig. 5 the voltage V present at the output of the pixel sensor 12 is displayed. At this speed v1, the printing unit 4 moves so fast that the printing unit 4 in 10 microseconds to the scan width Δs normal to the row direction, ie in the direction of travel, is moved. The recording of a subject line, which in this embodiment is normal to the direction of travel, takes place during this recording interval. In Fig. 5 two images of a pixel sensor 12 of the line sensor 2 are shown, each lasting 10 microseconds. The speed v 1 = 10 m / s, the scanning width As is 0.1 mm, a recording interval ΔT is 10 μs. 0.5 μs of the available time of 10 μs are attributable to the reset process which takes place during a reset time interval T 0 and 1 μs to the measurement process which takes place during a measurement time interval T 2 . The remaining 8.5 μs of the exposure time interval T 1 are used for the exposure of the line sensor 2 or of the individual pixel sensor 12.

Wie aus der Fig. 5 zu sehen ist, gehen die Reflektivitätswerte R beinahe aller Merkmale 11 des Druckwerkes 4 in den jeweils erzielten Messwert ΔV1, ΔV2 ein. Lediglich diejenigen Merkmale 11, die sich gerade während des Rücksetzzeitintervalls T0 und des Messzeitintervalls T2 im Aufnahmebereich des Zeilensensors 2 befinden, sind von der Messung nicht erfasst. Die nicht detektierbaren Merkmale 11 des Druckwerks 4 sind in Fig. 5 schraffiert dargestellt. Sofern das Rücksetzzeitintervall T0 und das Messzeitintervall T2 bzw. der während dieser Zeitintervalle T0, T2 zurückgelegte Weg klein oder kurz gegenüber dem für die Belichtung zur Verfügung stehenden Belichtungszeitintervall T1 bzw. des während des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 zurückgelegten Weges ist, werden im Durchschnitt sämtliche Merkmale 11 gleich gut abgebildet. In der Praxis können solche Effekte, die durch ein kleines Rücksetzzeitintervall T0 und das Messzeitintervall T2 hervorgerufen werden, vernachlässigt werden, da die Optik 3 eine Unschärfe aufweist und die Belichtung daher auch über Nachbarbereiche erfolgt.Like from the Fig. 5 1 , the reflectivity values R of almost all features 11 of the printing unit 4 are included in the respective measured values ΔV 1 , ΔV 2 . Only those features 11, which are just during the reset time interval T 0 and the measuring time interval T 2 in the receiving area of the line sensor 2 are not covered by the measurement. The undetectable features 11 of the printing unit 4 are in Fig. 5 hatched shown. Unless the reset time interval T 0, and the measurement time interval T 2 and the distance covered during these time intervals T 0, T 2 path is small or short relative to the stationary for exposure available exposure time interval T 1 and the distance covered during the exposure time interval T 1 pathway are On average, all features 11 are shown equally well. In practice, such effects, which are caused by a small reset time interval T 0 and the measurement time interval T 2 , can be neglected, since the optics 3 has a blur and therefore the exposure also takes place via neighboring areas.

Fig. 6 zeigt die Aufnahme desselben Druckwerks 4 bei verringerter Geschwindigkeit v2 nach dem Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik, wobei die Geschwindigkeit v2 des Druckwerks 4 der halben Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 entspricht. Die Messeinheit 9 detektiert eine Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit auf einen Wert von v2 und verlängert das Aufnahmeintervall ΔT entsprechend, sodass das Druckwerk 4 während eines Aufnahmeintervalls ΔT jeweils die Abtastbreite Δs zurücklegt. Die Aufnahme desselben Bildbereichs A1, A2 auf dem Druckwerk 4 benötigt die doppelte Zeit. Im vorliegenden Fall beträgt die Geschwindigkeit v2 = v1/2 = 5 m/s, die Abtastbreite Δs beträgt, wie auch beim ersten Beispiel, 0.1 mm, ein Aufnahmeintervall ΔT beträgt folglich AT = Δs/v2 = 20 µs. Fig. 6 shows the recording of the same printing unit 4 at a reduced speed v 2 according to the method according to the prior art, wherein the speed v 2 of the printing unit 4 of half the nominal speed v 1 corresponds. The measuring unit 9 detects a reduction of the speed to a value of v 2 and correspondingly extends the recording interval ΔT so that the printing unit 4 covers the scanning width Δs during a recording interval ΔT. The recording of the same image area A 1 , A 2 on the printing unit 4 takes twice as long. In the present case, the speed v 2 = v 1/2 = 5 m / s, the scanning width is .DELTA.s, as well as in the first example, 0.1 mm, a shooting interval .DELTA.T is hence AT = .DELTA.s / v2 = 20 microseconds.

Von der zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit von 20 µs entfallen wie beim Vorgehen mit voller Geschwindigkeit v1 jeweils 0.5 µs auf das Rücksetzzeitintervall T0, ebenso beträgt das Messzeitintervall T2 wie beim Vorgehen mit voller Geschwindigkeit 1 µs. Würden die übrigen 18.5 µs des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 zur Belichtung des Zeilensensors 2 bzw. des jeweiligen Pixelsensors 12 genutzt, so würde die ermittelte Helligkeit aufgrund der längeren Belichtungszeit wesentlich höher ausfallen. Um eine gleiche Belichtungszeit zu erzielen, wird beim Stand der Technik die Belichtungszeit, somit das Belichtungszeitintervall T1 auf die bei Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 zur Verfügung stehende Belichtungszeit verkürzt. Diese beträgt im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 8.5 µs. Somit verbleibt ein Restzeitintervall T3 von 10 µs. Während dieses Restzeitintervalls T3 wird der jeweilige Pixelsensor 12 auf die Rücksetzspannung v0 gesetzt gehalten.Of the available time of 20 μs, as in the procedure with full speed v 1 , 0.5 μs each is attributable to the reset time interval T 0 , likewise the measuring time interval T 2 is 1 μs, as in the case of the full speed procedure. If the remaining 18.5 μs of the exposure time interval T 1 were used to expose the line sensor 2 or the respective pixel sensor 12, the determined brightness would be much higher due to the longer exposure time. In order to achieve the same exposure time, in the prior art the exposure time, thus the exposure time interval T 1 , is shortened to the exposure time available at rated speed v 1 . This is 8.5 μs in the present embodiment. This leaves a remaining time interval T 3 of 10 μs. During this remaining time interval T3, the respective pixel sensor 12 is kept set to the reset voltage v 0 .

Will man mit der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Vorgehensweise Bildaufnahmen durchführen, so treten bei feinen Merkmalen 11 bzw. Strukturen Moiré-Effekte verstärkt auf. In jedem der beiden Bildbereiche A1, A2 liegen jeweils zwei helle Bereiche A1,h, A2,h mit hoher Reflektivität R und zwei dunkle Bereiche A1,l, A2,l mit geringer Reflektivität R vor. Bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Verfahren, bei dem sich das Druckwerk 4 mit Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 bewegt, wurde für die beiden Bildbereiche A1, A2 ein annähernd gleicher Messwert ΔV1, ΔV2 als Helligkeitswert ermittelt. Sowohl die hellen Bereiche als auch die dunklen Bereiche A1,l, A2,l A1,h, A2,h wurden - jeweils gewichtet - im Messwert ΔV1 berücksichtigt.Will you with the in Fig. 6 Carried out image approach, so occur in fine features 11 and structures moiré effects increasingly. In each of the two image areas A 1 , A 2 are each two bright areas A 1, h , A 2, h with high reflectivity R and two dark areas A 1, l , A 2, l with low reflectivity R before. At the in Fig. 5 In the illustrated method, in which the printing unit 4 moves at nominal speed v 1 , an approximately identical measured value ΔV 1 , ΔV 2 was determined as the brightness value for the two image areas A 1 , A 2 . Both the light areas and the dark areas A 1, l , A 2, l A 1, h , A 2, h were taken into consideration - in each case weighted - in the measured value ΔV 1 .

Bei der in Fig. 6 dargestellten Ausführungsform besteht hingegen das Problem, dass bei geringerer Transportgeschwindigkeit v2 des Druckwerks 4 lediglich ein Teilbereich zur Ermittlung des jeweiligen Helligkeitswerts herangezogen wird. Im vorliegenden Fall wird ausschließlich der zuerst in den Aufnahmebereich gelangende Teil des Bildbereichs A1, A2 berücksichtigt, während der nachfolgende Bildbereich völlig unberücksichtigt bleibt. Auch eine Vertauschung des Belichtungszeitintervalls T1 mit dem Restzeitintervall T3 würde keine Abhilfe schaffen, da hier entsprechend andere Teilbereiche des jeweiligen Bildbereichs A1, A2 unberücksichtigt blieben und Moire-Effekte auftreten würden.At the in Fig. 6 On the other hand, the illustrated embodiment has the problem that, at a lower transport speed v 2 of the printing unit 4, only a partial area is used to determine the respective brightness value. In the present case, only the part of the image area A 1 , A 2 that first reaches the receiving area is taken into account, while the subsequent image area remains completely unconsidered. Even a permutation of the exposure time interval T 1 with the remaining time interval T 3 would not provide a remedy, since correspondingly different parts of the respective image area A 1 , A 2 would be disregarded and Moire effects would occur.

Fig. 7 zeigt die Aufnahme desselben Druckwerks 4 bei der verringerten Geschwindigkeit v2 = v1/2 nach dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Wie beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel werden bei der Verringerung der Geschwindigkeit die Aufnahmeintervalle ΔT entsprechend verlängert. Im Gegensatz zu dem in Fig. 6 erläuterten Vorgehen wird lediglich eine Unterteilung in drei Zeitintervalle vorgenommen, nämlich in ein Rücksetzzeitintervall T0, ein Belichtungszeitintervall T1 und ein Messzeitintervall T2. Das Rücksetzzeitintervall T0 und das Messzeitintervall T2 betragen, wie auch bei den in Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 dargestellten Vorgehensweisen jeweils 0.5 µs und 1 µs. Das Belichtungszeitintervall T1 beträgt im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 18.5 µs. Fig. 7 shows the image of the same printing unit 4 at the reduced velocity v 2 = v 1/2 to the preferred embodiment of the inventive method. As in the second embodiment, the reduction of the speed, the recording intervals .DELTA.T be extended accordingly. Unlike the in Fig. 6 explained procedure is only made a subdivision into three time intervals, namely in a reset time interval T 0 , an exposure time interval T 1 and a measuring time interval T 2 . The reset time interval T 0 and the measurement time interval T 2 are, as with the in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shown procedures each 0.5 microseconds and 1 microseconds. The exposure time interval T 1 in the present embodiment is 18.5 μs.

Um eine übermäßige Belichtung zu vermeiden, wird anstelle einer kürzeren Belichtungszeit, d. h. einer kürzeren Zeit, in der der jeweilige Pixelsensor 12 zur Aufnahme aktiviert ist, eine kürzere Beleuchtungszeit gewählt; dies ist die Zeit, in der das abzubildende Druckwerk 4 von der Beleuchtungseinheit 6 beleuchtet wird. Die Aufnahmen des Druckwerks 4 finden dabei - zumindest für die infrage kommenden Wellenlängenbereiche - ohne Hintergrundbeleuchtung statt. Die Ansteuerung der Beleuchtungseinheit 6 erfolgt im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel mittels Pulsweitenmodulation.To avoid excessive exposure, instead of a shorter exposure time, i. H. a shorter time, in which the respective pixel sensor 12 is activated for recording, a shorter lighting time selected; This is the time in which the printing unit 4 to be imaged is illuminated by the illumination unit 6. The images of the printing unit 4 find it - at least for the wavelength range in question - instead of backlighting. The control of the illumination unit 6 takes place in the present embodiment by means of pulse width modulation.

Bei einer Pulsweitenmodulation wird eine Frequenz vorgegeben, die einem Vielfachen der Abtastfrequenz entspricht. Es wird ein Beleuchtungssignal B erstellt, das der Beleuchtungseinheit 6 von der Steuereinheit 7 zugeführt wird. Dieses Beleuchtungssignal ist annähernd periodisch und weist im vorliegenden Fall eine Periodendauer von TS = ΔT/5 auf.In a pulse width modulation, a frequency is specified which corresponds to a multiple of the sampling frequency. A lighting signal B is generated, which is supplied to the lighting unit 6 by the control unit 7. This illumination signal is approximately periodic and, in the present case, has a period of TS = ΔT / 5.

Am Beginn jeder Periode wird das Beleuchtungssignal B aktiv gesetzt, die Beleuchtungseinheit 6 wird aktiviert. Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt während der Periodendauer wird das Signal deaktiviert. Je nachdem, wann während der Periode das Beleuchtungssignal B inaktiv gesetzt wird, kann die Beleuchtungszeit kürzer oder länger gestellt werden. Wird das Beleuchtungssignal B sehr spät inaktiv gesetzt, so wird das Druckwerk 4 beinahe während der gesamten Periode TS beleuchtet. Wird das Beleuchtungssignal B sehr früh inaktiv gesetzt, ist die jeweilige Beleuchtungsdauer insgesamt kürzer. Die Zeitspanne innerhalb einer Periode, in der das Beleuchtungssignal B aktiv gesetzt ist, wird als Einschaltzeit Ton bezeichnet, die übrige Zeitspanne, in der das Beleuchtungssignal B inaktiv gesetzt ist, wird als Ausschaltzeit Toff bezeichnet.At the beginning of each period, the illumination signal B is set active, the illumination unit 6 is activated. At a later time during the period the signal is deactivated. Depending on when during the period the illumination signal B is set inactive, the illumination time can be made shorter or longer. If the illumination signal B is set inactive very late, the printing unit 4 is illuminated almost during the entire period TS. If the illumination signal B is set inactive very early, the respective illumination duration is shorter overall. The period of time within a period in which the illumination signal B is set active is referred to as on-time T on , the remaining period in which the illumination signal B is set inactive is referred to as off-time T off .

Das Verhältnis zwischen Einschaltzeit und Periodendauer wird vorteilhafterweise so festgelegt, dass es dem Verhältnis zwischen der Dauer des Belichtungsintervalls T1 bei Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 und der Dauer des Belichtungsintervalls T1 bei der momentanen Geschwindigkeit v2 des Druckwerks entspricht. Im vorliegenden Fall ergibt sich für das Verhältnis zwischen Einschaltzeit und Periodendauer 8.5 µs / 18.5 µs = 0.459. Bei einer Periodendauer von TS = ΔT/5 = 4 µs beträgt die Einschaltzeit etwa 1.84 µs, die Ausschaltzeit 2.16 µs.The ratio between the on-time and the period is advantageously set to correspond to the ratio between the duration of the exposure interval T 1 at rated speed v 1 and the duration of the exposure interval T 1 at the instantaneous speed v 2 of the printing unit. In the present case, the ratio between the switch-on time and the period is 8.5 μs / 18.5 μs = 0.459. With a period of TS = ΔT / 5 = 4 μs, the switch-on time is approx. 1.84 μs, the switch-off time 2.16 μs.

Wenn die Geschwindigkeit des Gegenstands 4 der Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 entspricht, dann beträgt das Verhältnis zwischen Einschaltzeit zu Periodendauer entsprechend 8.5 µs / 8.5 µs = 1. Es kann somit bei der Bewegung des Gegenstands 4 mit Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 eine durchgehende Beleuchtung eingestellt werden. Unterschreitet die hingegen Geschwindigkeit des Gegenstands 4 die Nenngeschwindigkeit v1, so wird als Beleuchtungssignal B ein PWM-Signal gewählt.If the speed of the object 4 corresponds to the rated speed v 1 , then the ratio between the turn-on time to the cycle time is 8.5 μs / 8.5 μs = 1. Thus, a continuous lighting can be set during the movement of the object 4 at the rated speed v 1 . If, however, the speed of the object 4 falls below the rated speed v 1 , a PWM signal is selected as the illumination signal B.

Beleuchtet man nun, wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt, während eines ersten Aufnahmeintervalls ΔT das Druckwerk 4 mit einem pulsweitenmodulierten Beleuchtungssignal B mit einem Verhältnis von Einschaltzeit zu Periodendauer von 0.459, so erzielt man Messwerte, die im Wesentlichen denjenigen Messwerten entsprechen, die bei der Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 aufgenommen wurden. Die Moiré-Effekte, die bei der verkürzten Belichtungszeit, wie in Fig. 6 beschrieben, auftreten, können somit vermieden werden.If you illuminate now, as in Fig. 7 illustrated, during a first recording interval .DELTA.T the printing unit 4 with a pulse width modulated illumination signal B with a ratio of on-time to period of 0.459, we obtain measured values which correspond substantially to those measured values, which were taken at the rated speed v1. The moiré effects that occur at the shortened exposure time, as in Fig. 6 can thus be avoided.

Prinzipiell ist es auch möglich, anstelle eines pulsweitenmodulierten Beleuchtungssignals B ein nicht dargestelltes Beleuchtungssignal B heranzuziehen, das in seiner Beleuchtungsintensität gegenüber dem in Fig. 7 dargestellten Beleuchtungssignal B eine verringerte Amplitude aufweist. Sofern Leuchtdioden als Beleuchtungseinheiten 6 verwendet werden, empfiehlt sich jedoch aufgrund der geringen Ansprechzeiten die Verwendung eines pulsweitenmodulierten Beleuchtungssignals B.In principle, it is also possible to use, instead of a pulse-width-modulated illumination signal B, an illumination signal B (not shown), which differs in its illumination intensity from that in FIG Fig. 7 illustrated illumination signal B has a reduced amplitude. If light-emitting diodes used as lighting units 6 However, due to the low response times, the use of a pulse width modulated illumination signal B.

Üblicherweise treten Abweichungen der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Druckwerks 4 gegenüber dem Zeilensensor 2 in Form einer Verlangsamung auf. Wenn die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit v des Druckwerks auch ansteigen kann, so ist es vorteilhaft, die höchstmögliche Geschwindigkeit als Nenngeschwindigkeit v1 festzulegen und bei Vorliegen einer geringeren Geschwindigkeit v2 des Druckwerks 4 die oben dargestellte Modulation des Beleuchtungssignals B vorzunehmen.Usually occur deviations of the speed of movement of the printing unit 4 relative to the line sensor 2 in the form of a slowdown. If the speed of movement v of the printing unit can also increase, it is advantageous to set the highest possible speed as the rated speed v 1 and to carry out the above-described modulation of the illumination signal B when a lower speed v 2 of the printing unit 4 is present.

Claims (11)

  1. A method for shooting a line image of a print unit (4) with a line sensor (2), wherein the print unit (4) is moved past the line sensor (2) with a movement speed,
    - wherein during the shooting internal (ΔT) the following shooting steps are performed:
    - the pixel sensors (12) of the line sensor are acted upon during the resetting time interval (To) with a predetermined voltage (V0) and reset,
    - during an exposure time interval (T1), in particular, subsequent to the resetting time interval (To), the pixel sensors (12) are exposed and
    - during a following measurement time interval (T2), in particular, immediately subsequent to the exposure time interval (T1) the values of the pixel sensors (12) are readout,
    - wherein the shooting interval (ΔT) is adjusted to the movement speed of the print unit (4), so that during the shooting interval (ΔT) in each case a line (Z) of the print unit (4) is shot, characterized in that the lighting of the print unit (4) is reduced, if the movement speed of the print unit (4) falls below a predetermined nominal speed (v1), wherein for the reduction of the lighting the print unit (4) is lit only during certain time periods within a shooting interval (ΔT), and that a line image is created during this reduced lighting.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the print unit (4) is lit during the exposure time interval (T1), in particular, during the entire shooting interval (ΔT), with a lighting sequence regulated by a pulse width modulated lighting signal (B), wherein the relationship between the power-on time and the period duration of the lighting signal (B) is set, so that it corresponds to the relationship between the duration of the exposure time interval (T1) in the case of nominal speed (v1) and the duration of the exposure time interval (T1) in the case of the current speed (v2) of the print unit (4).
  3. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the period duration (TS) of the lighting signal (B) is set at TS = ΔT/N, wherein N is a predetermined natural number greater than 1.
  4. A method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lighting signal (B) is synchronized with the shooting interval (ΔT), wherein , if necessary, the lighting signal (B) has a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the shooting interval (ΔT) or the resetting time interval (T0).
  5. An image shooting device for shooting images comprising
    - an acquisition unit (1) with a line sensor (2) comprising a number of pixel sensors (12) and with optics (3),
    - a transport unit (5) for the transport of the print unit (4) as well as a measurement unit (9) for determining the movement speed of the print unit (4) during the transport,
    - a lighting unit (6) for lighting the print unit (4), during its shooting, as well as
    - a control unit (7), which adjusts the shooting interval (ΔT) to the movement speed of the print unit (4), so that during each shooting interval (ΔT) in each case a line (Z) of the print unit (4) reaches the shooting area of the line sensor (2),
    characterized in that
    the control unit (7) is designed to reduce the lighting of the print unit (4) in the case of falling below a predetermined nominal speed (v1) of the print unit (4) and has means for producing a lighting signal (B) as well as for transmitting the control signal to the lighting unit (6), wherein the lighting unit (6) is triggered by the lighting signal (B) to light the print unit in the time period determined by the lighting signal (B) within the shooting interval (ΔT).
  6. An image shooting device according to claim 5, characterized in that the pixel sensors (12) are designed as CMOS pixel sensors.
  7. An image shooting device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the lighting unit (6) has a number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), in particular, exclusively LEDs.
  8. An image shooting device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that The control unit (7) performs the following shooting steps during the shooting interval (ΔT), namely
    - the pixel sensors (12) of the line sensors are acted upon during the resetting time interval (T0) with a predetermined voltage (V0) and reset,
    - during an exposure time interval (T1), in particular, subsequent to the resetting time interval (T0), the pixel sensors (12) are exposed and
    - during a measurement time interval (T2), in particular, subsequent to the exposure time interval (T1) the values of the pixel sensors (12) are readout and are kept available for further processing.
  9. An image shooting device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the control unit (7) generates a pulse width modulated lighting signal (B), which is fed to the lighting unit (6), wherein the lighting unit (6) lights the print unit (4) at least during the an exposure time interval (T1), in particular, during the entire shooting interval (ΔT), wherein the control unit (7) sets the relationship between the power-on time and the period duration of the lighting signal (B) so that it corresponds to the relationship between the duration of the exposure time interval (T1) in the case of nominal speed (v1) and the duration of the exposure time interval (T1) in the case of the current speed (v2) of the print unit (4).
  10. An image shooting device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the control unit (7) sets the period duration (TS) at TS = ΔT/N, wherein N is a predetermined natural number greater than 1.
  11. An image shooting device according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the control unit (7) synchronizes the lighting signal (B) with the shooting interval (ΔT), wherein , if necessary, the lighting signal (B) has a rising or falling edge at the beginning of the shooting interval (ΔT) or the resetting time interval (T0).
EP12455009.6A 2011-11-30 2012-11-27 Method for recording a line scan image Not-in-force EP2600282B1 (en)

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US6959870B2 (en) * 1999-06-07 2005-11-01 Metrologic Instruments, Inc. Planar LED-based illumination array (PLIA) chips
US7395971B2 (en) * 2000-11-24 2008-07-08 Metrologic Instruments, Inc. Method of and system for profile equalization employing visible laser diode (VLD) displacement
US7256874B2 (en) * 2002-10-18 2007-08-14 Cummins-Allison Corp. Multi-wavelength currency authentication system and method
DE102004014541B3 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-05-04 Koenig & Bauer Ag Optical system e.g. for banknote checking device, inspection system or flat bed scanner, providing uniform intensity illumination strip on surface of moving material web
US20080035866A1 (en) * 2006-07-07 2008-02-14 Lockheed Martin Corporation Mail imaging system with UV illumination interrupt
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