EP2598725A1 - Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof - Google Patents
Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP2598725A1 EP2598725A1 EP11740594.4A EP11740594A EP2598725A1 EP 2598725 A1 EP2598725 A1 EP 2598725A1 EP 11740594 A EP11740594 A EP 11740594A EP 2598725 A1 EP2598725 A1 EP 2598725A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diffuser
- gas
- flow
- diffuser wall
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/30—Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/23—Three-dimensional prismatic
- F05D2250/232—Three-dimensional prismatic conical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/17—Purpose of the control system to control boundary layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/301—Pressure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to exhaust diffusers for gas turbines, particularly for gas turbines in stationary or land based applications.
- exhaust diffusers serve to reduce the speed of the exhaust flow in a gas turbine and to thus recover pressure from the exhaust gas coming from the last stage of the turbine. The reduction in gas speed reduces the stress associated with the fluid flow on the exhaust equipment and enhances the
- the pressure recovery from the exhaust gas is directly proportional to the outlet to inlet area ratio of the diffuser, which controls amount of
- a high outlet to inlet area ratio for a given axial length of the diffuser causes rapid expansion of the gas leading to a separation of flow of the gas from the diffuser wall, which, in turn, causes a reduction in the pressure recovery by the diffuser.
- Past attempts to solve the issue of flow separation from the diffuser wall involve the use of boundary layer control, for example, by suction or blowing, turbulators, among others.
- exhaust diffusers are designed to have area ratios that provide a maximum pressure recovery at full load, taking into account the flow separation at full load. In such a case, the pressure recovery, and hence the work extracted by the turbine, is substantially reduced when the gas turbine operates at part-load.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust diffuser assembly for a stationary gas turbine, and a method thereof, for achieving higher pressure recovery at different operating loads by reducing or eliminating excessive flow separation.
- the above object is achieved by the exhaust diffuser assembly according to claim 1 and the method according to claim 11.
- the underlying idea of the present invention is to provide a mechanism of controlling pressure recovery in an exhaust diffuser by controlling the geometry of the diffuser.
- the proposed exhaust diffuser assembly has a variable geometry diffuser wall, which allows the divergence angle of the diffuser wall with respect to the longitudinal diffuser axis to be adjusted, so as to cause a resultant flow field of the gas that is attached to the diffuser wall.
- said diffuser geometry control means comprises one or more actuators disposed on a surface said diffuser wall, said one or more actuators being adapted to exert an adjustable pressure said diffuser wall to
- said one or more actuators are controllable for increasing said divergence angle ⁇ ' to cause a resultant flow field beyond a point of flow
- the proposed diffuser assembly further comprises a pressure probe disposed in a flow path of said gas through flowing said diffuser wall, wherein said point of flow separation is detected based on a decrease in sensed pressure between two progressively increasing settings of the divergence angle ⁇ ' .
- the proposed diffuser assembly further comprises a sonic probe disposed in a flow path of said gas inside said diffuser wall to detect said point of flow separation.
- said point of flow separation is determined by flow visualization means adapted for
- said diffuser wall is made of a piece of sheet metal wound to spiral form. Such a diffuser wall provides increased elasticity for adjustment of
- said diffuser wall is made from a piece of sheet metal wound into a conical shape, wherein the edges of said piece of sheet metal are slidable against each other.
- said diffuser wall comprises an adjustable portion having a rectangular cross- section, wherein the diffuser wall at said adjustable portion is flexible attached to a fixed portion by a hinge.
- said diffuser wall has a
- FIG 1 a schematic illustration of an exhaust diffuser
- FIG 2 is an exemplary graphical representation showing variation of pressure of the gas with diffuser geometry, also indicating the point of flow separation,
- FIG 3 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall
- FIG 4 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall
- FIG 5 is a schematic illustration of a third embodiment of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall
- FIG 6 is a schematic illustration of a fourth embodiment of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall
- FIG 7 is a schematic illustration of a fifth embodiment of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall.
- FIG 1 an exhaust diffuser assembly 1 (also referred to as "diffuser 1") for a
- stationary gas turbine for example, used in power generation and mechanical drives in land based applications.
- diffuser 1 has an inlet 3 having a first cross-sectional area Ai for receiving a mainflow gas from a last stage of a turbine section 60.
- the gas 5 flows along a longitudinal axis 2 through a conduit defined by a diverging diffuser wall 7 extending from the diffuser inlet 3 to a diffuser outlet 4 having a second cross-sectional area A 2 .
- the diffuser outlet 4 directs the gas 5 to an exhaust duct 80.
- the diffuser wall 7 serves to recover pressure from the gas by expanding the gas between the inlet 3 and the outlet 4. This reduces the total head loss of the gas, thereby
- the diffuser wall 7 makes an angle of divergence ⁇ ' with respect to the longitudinal axis 2.
- the diffuser wall 7 makes an angle of divergence ⁇ ' with respect to the longitudinal axis 2.
- divergence angle is normally fixed at about 5-6°.
- the area ratio R' increases with increase in divergence angle ⁇ ' .
- the pressure recovery increases with increase in divergence angle ⁇ ' or area ratio R, till the flow of the gas 5 is separated from the diffuser wall 7. Separation of flow reduces the pressure recovery from the gas 5.
- the divergence angle ⁇ ' is adjusted to cause a resultant flow of the gas 5 that is attached to the diffuser wall 7.
- the diffuser wall 7 has an adjustable geometry wherein the angle ⁇ ' may be varied. Exemplary embodiments of an adjustable geometry diffuser wall are discussed below referring to FIGS 3-7.
- variable seals 12 are provided at the connection of the diffuser wall 7 to the exhaust duct 80.
- one or more actuators 9 are disposed on a surface (inner or outer) of the diffuser wall 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the actuators 9 are
- the actuators 9 may comprise, for example, hydraulically or pneumatically operated actuators that are controlled by a controller 10 to exert an adjustable pressure on the diffuser wall 7 to resultantly adjust the divergence angle ⁇ ' of the diffuser wall 7.
- the pressure recovery increases with increase in divergence angle ⁇ ' or area ratio R' .
- the pressure recovery is maximized by maintaining a flow field of the gas 5 within the diffuser wall 7 that is just before the point of flow
- the actuators 9 are controlled to first increase the divergence angle ⁇ ' or area ratio R' to cause a resultant flow field beyond a point of flow separation. Subsequently, the actuators 9 are controlled to reduce the divergence angle ⁇ ' or area ratio R' to re-attach the flow to the diffuser wall 7 and to cause a resultant flow field that is prior to and proximate to the point of flow
- the point of flow separation is detected by a flow sensor 11 disposed in the flow path of the gas 5 inside the diffuser wall 7.
- the flow sensor 7 may include, for example, a
- divergence ⁇ ' and the axis 15 represents the corresponding sensed pressure ⁇ ⁇ ' by the pressure probe 11 disposed in the flow path of the gas 5.
- the flow begins to separate from the diffuser wall, as a result of which, the sensed pressure decreases, which is detected by a change in slope of the curve 13 from positive negative.
- the point 16 of flow separation is thus detected based on a decrease in sensed pressure ⁇ ⁇ ' between two progressively increasing settings of the divergence angle ⁇ ' .
- the proposed technique in this embodiment involves increasing ⁇ ' to cause a flow field beyond the point 16 of flow separation, to identify the threshold angle s , and to then reduce ⁇ ' to a value D less than s so as to re-attach the flow to the diffuser wall and to cause the resultant flow field to reach a point 17 that is just before the point 16 of flow
- a portion of the curve 13 in the region of the separation point 16 is flat having a slope equal or nearly equal to zero.
- the flow field corresponding to this portion is preferably avoided as this indicates is an unstable flow field where separated and attached flow
- the desired point 17 that is "substantially proximate and prior to" the point 16 of flow separation is determined, in this case, as the closest point to the point 16 on the curve 13 that has a positive slope.
- the flow sensor 11 to detect the point of flow separation may comprise a sonic probe. Still alternately, the point of flow
- the adjustable geometry which enables the forcing of the flow beyond the point of flow separation point allows the identification of the point of flow separation. Once the point of flow separation is identified, the geometry of the diffuser may be adjusted to re-attach the flow to the diffuser wall.
- the adjustable geometry proposed herein allows for adaptability of the technique discussed above to changes in mass-flow, such that the pressure recovery may be maximized even when the gas turbine is operating at part load .
- the diffuser wall 7 is made of a sheet 18 of metal wound in several turns in a spiral form to form conical shape.
- the spiral form provides the required elasticity for geometric adjustments.
- Actuators 9 may be disposed on the outer surface of one or more of these turns to, which, when actuated, apply the required pressure to increase or decrease the divergence angle of the diffuser wall 7.
- a second embodiment
- the diffuser wall 7 may be made from a sheet 20 of metal wound in a conical shape, such that the ends 21 and 22 are not welded to each other, but slide against each other on the application of pressure by one or more actuators 9 disposed on the outer surface of the
- diffuser wall 7 such that divergence angle or area ratio may be varied.
- the diffuser wall 7 is made of sheet metal and includes an adjustable portion 23 having a rectangular cross-section and a fixed portion 24, which may have a circular cross-section at the inlet 3.
- the rectangular portion 23 is made of flat plates 25, 26, 27, 28, one or more of which are flexibly connected to the fixed portion 24 by means of hinges 29, that allow the respective side 25, 26, 27, 28 to swivel with respect to the fixed portion 24 on application of pressure from the actuator 9 disposed thereon, to thus adjust the divergence angle/area ratio.
- the plates 25 and 27 are hinged such that the direction of angular movement is as illustrated by the arrows 30.
- the diffuser wall 7 has a rectangular cross-section formed by flat plates 31, 32, 33, 34 that are directly connected to a circular turbine manifold 35 by flexible joints 36 so as to allow angular movements of opposite plates 31 and 33 as depicted by the arrow 37.
- the diffuser wall 7 is made of angular plates 38, 39, 40, 41 that define the corners of a rectangle (herein, square) .
- the angular plates 38, 39, 40, 41 are interspaced by flat plates 42, 43, 44, 45, which, together with the angular plates 38, 39, 40, 41 form the sides of the rectangular diffuser wall 7.
- the angular plates are slidable against the flat plates 42, 43, 44, 45 such that the rectangular cross- sectional geometry of the diffuser wall 7 may be adjusted along diagonal directions 46 and 47 by actuators (not shown) disposed on the corners 48, 49, 50, 51 of the rectangular diffuser wall 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11740594.4A EP2598725B1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-18 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10007757A EP2412941A1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
PCT/EP2011/062246 WO2012013529A1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-18 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
EP11740594.4A EP2598725B1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-18 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2598725A1 true EP2598725A1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
EP2598725B1 EP2598725B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
Family
ID=43242599
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10007757A Withdrawn EP2412941A1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
EP11740594.4A Not-in-force EP2598725B1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-18 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10007757A Withdrawn EP2412941A1 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine, and method thereof |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130121806A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2412941A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5551316B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103026009B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012013529A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2489738B (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-07-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | Improvements in or relating to gas turbine engine transition ducts |
GB2506876A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | A gas turbine engine system transition duct |
US10329945B2 (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2019-06-25 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | High performance robust gas turbine exhaust with variable (adaptive) exhaust diffuser geometry |
CN105937415B (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-06-06 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation for being suitable for back pressure on a large scale and flow |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB607686A (en) * | 1945-02-01 | 1948-09-03 | Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd | Improvements relating to duct inlets for use in supersonic conditions |
US3391869A (en) * | 1966-05-23 | 1968-07-09 | Rohr Corp | Variable cone area convergentdivergent nozzle system |
SU861664A1 (en) * | 1978-11-10 | 1981-09-07 | Харьковский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им. В.И. Ленина | Turbine exhaust pipe |
FR2537657A1 (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1984-06-15 | Snecma | TUYERE A VARIABLE SECTION FOR A TURBOJET ENGINE AND AIRCRAFT COMPRISING SUCH AN EQUIPMENT |
DE19905994A1 (en) * | 1999-02-15 | 2000-08-24 | Peter Kraus | Procedure to prevent shock boundary layer pulsations with annular diffusers in steam turbines entails providing time-controlled blow-in excitation in rear shell region in dead water zone |
US6261055B1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-07-17 | Jerzy A. Owczarek | Exhaust flow diffuser for a steam turbine |
US6636320B1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2003-10-21 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Fiber optic tufts for flow separation detection |
US6896475B2 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2005-05-24 | General Electric Company | Fluidic actuation for improved diffuser performance |
US7780403B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2010-08-24 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Adjustable turbine exhaust flow guide and bearing cone assemblies |
EP1970539A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Diffuser assembly |
US7731475B2 (en) * | 2007-05-17 | 2010-06-08 | Elliott Company | Tilted cone diffuser for use with an exhaust system of a turbine |
JP5309818B2 (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2013-10-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Airflow condition monitoring device |
-
2010
- 2010-07-26 EP EP10007757A patent/EP2412941A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-07-18 JP JP2013521061A patent/JP5551316B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-18 US US13/811,943 patent/US20130121806A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-18 WO PCT/EP2011/062246 patent/WO2012013529A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-07-18 EP EP11740594.4A patent/EP2598725B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-07-18 CN CN201180036687.9A patent/CN103026009B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2012013529A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2598725B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
EP2412941A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
JP2013532793A (en) | 2013-08-19 |
WO2012013529A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
JP5551316B2 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
CN103026009A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
CN103026009B (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US20130121806A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
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