EP2593988A1 - Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission - Google Patents

Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

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Publication number
EP2593988A1
EP2593988A1 EP11743122.1A EP11743122A EP2593988A1 EP 2593988 A1 EP2593988 A1 EP 2593988A1 EP 11743122 A EP11743122 A EP 11743122A EP 2593988 A1 EP2593988 A1 EP 2593988A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
mhz
high frequency
radiating element
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11743122.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2593988B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Moliere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Priority to PL11743122T priority Critical patent/PL2593988T3/en
Publication of EP2593988A1 publication Critical patent/EP2593988A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2593988B1 publication Critical patent/EP2593988B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/30—Means for trailing antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • Wired antenna for high frequency transmission Wired antenna for high frequency transmission
  • the present invention relates to a wired antenna for a high-frequency emission for a submarine, of the type comprising a coaxial cable and a radiating element whose one end is connected to the coaxial cable and sized to emit high frequency waves, between 3 MHz and 30 MHz .
  • the invention applies to the field of radiocommunication in the high frequency (HF) and very low frequency (VFF) bands, ranging respectively from 3 at 30 MHz and 3 and 30 kHz.
  • HF high frequency
  • VFF very low frequency
  • Submarines transmit and receive signals via wired or towed wire antennas, whose buoyancy is such that the antennas are close to the surface while the submarine is submerged to a greater depth.
  • These wired antennas are electrically dimensioned to operate at very low frequency because the TBF waves penetrate to a depth of 10 to 50 m in water, depending on the frequency and salinity of water, unlike high frequency waves (HF ) which penetrate little into the water.
  • HF high frequency waves
  • the ideal length of the radiating element of the wire antenna is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be emitted, that is to say a quarter of the ratio of the velocity of the wave in the propagation medium by its frequency. This is called a quarter wave antenna.
  • the wired antennas TBF (or VLF), that is to say, adapted to operate in the very low frequency band, are much shorter than the ideal length.
  • these antennas TBF are not adapted to operate in the rest of the high frequency band.
  • adapter box antenna
  • the adaptation is to be done differently for each frequency used.
  • adaptation boxes contain about 25 components to be used in a combinatorial fashion (ie, 2 25 combinations) determined by a computer.
  • the volume of such an adaptation system is proportional to the power delivered by the transmitter, or about 200 L for a transmitter of 500 W, which is not adaptable to a submarine.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome this drawback of adaptation of the antenna to the transmission in the high frequency band.
  • the object of the invention is a wire antenna of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises at least one isolating filter arranged on the radiating element of the wire antenna.
  • the wired antenna comprises one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in combination:
  • the or each isolating filter is a circuit comprising an inductance and a capacitance in parallel;
  • the or each isolating filter is disposed at a distance equal to a quarter of a wavelength of a high frequency wave to be emitted from the end of the radiating element connected to the coaxial cable;
  • the or each distance is between one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in water and one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the air;
  • the wired antenna has a length substantially between 10 and 40 m;
  • the radiating element is suitable for receiving very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz.
  • the invention also relates to a transmission system characterized in that it comprises a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna for transmitting these waves as described above.
  • the transmission system comprises a receiver of very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, the receiver being connected with the same wired antenna to receive these waves.
  • the invention also relates to an underwater vehicle characterized in that it comprises an emission system as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention connected to a submarine
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part of the wire antenna of FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two isolator filters.
  • the invention relates to a wire antenna 2 connected to a submarine 4.
  • the wire antenna 2 is deployed and towed by the submarine while floating from its end to the surface of the water 5.
  • the wired antenna 2 comprises a coaxial cable 6 and a floating radiating element 8.
  • the coaxial cable 6 is connected at one end 6A to the radiating element 8 and at the other end 6B to the submarine 4.
  • the wired antenna 2 is of the "TBF wired antenna” type, that is to say adapted to operate at a very low frequency between 3 and 30 kHz and in particular to receive VLF (VLF) waves.
  • VLF VLF
  • the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2 has a shorter length than the theory would like but is sensitive enough to receive waves of the band TBF between 3 kHz and 30 kHz.
  • the length is substantially equal to the ideal length necessary for the emission at the beginning of the high frequency band at a few MHz.
  • a length is substantially between 10 and 40 m to emit waves at about 6 MHz.
  • the wired antenna 2 comprises a switching system 12 located in the submarine 4 and electrically connected to the coaxial cable 6 for switching between high frequency operation (transmission and reception) and very low frequency operation ( reception).
  • the wire antenna 2 further comprises at least one isolating filter 14 disposed on the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2.
  • the radiating element 8 is electrically cut in several places to place the different isolating filters 14. This electrical cut is similar to the electrical cutoff made between the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 which carries the received signal to a receiver of the sub. -marine 4. In known manner, a mechanical assembly ensures the maintenance between the different sections of the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 or the insulating filters 14.
  • Each isolator filter 14 is an electrical circuit comprising an inductor 16 and a capacitor 18 in parallel, as shown in FIG. 2 and commonly called a plug circuit.
  • F 2 1 / (4 ⁇ 2 ⁇ _0).
  • the value of the inductor is of the order of 1 ⁇ .
  • the ratio between the value L of the inductor 16 and the value C of the capacitor 18 determines the bandwidth of the isolating filter 14 around the center frequency F.
  • the bandwidth is substantially equal to 2 MHz around the center frequency.
  • Each isolating filter 14 is disposed on the radiating element 8 at a fixed distance from the end of the radiating element 8 connected to the coaxial cable 6.
  • this distance is preferably equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the high frequency wave to be emitted, to form a "quarter-wave antenna".
  • the distance is between a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the water and a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the air.
  • the distance is equal to three quarters of the ratio of the speed divided by the frequency of the wave. In known manner, it is a "three-quarter wave antenna". For the same frequency, the efficiency will be less good than for a quarter-wave antenna.
  • each isolator filter 14 makes it possible to adjust the length of the antenna TBF (VLF in English) to a virtual length shorter than the physical length.
  • This virtual length allows the section of the radiating element located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the isolating filter 14 to emit in the high frequency band.
  • the wire antenna can be cut into as many frequency bands as desired, separated by insulator filters sized according to the center frequency of each band.
  • the radiating element is then sized to emit high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.
  • the invention also relates to a transmission system comprising a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna as described above for transmitting these waves.
  • the wired antenna is connected to the transmitter.
  • this transmission system comprises a receiver of very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.
  • the receiver is connected with the same wired antenna to receive these waves.
  • the submarine 4 includes such an emission system for emitting high frequency waves.
  • the operation of the wired antenna will now be detailed with reference to Figure 3 which shows a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two insulated filters 14a and 14b.
  • Each isolator filter comprises an inductance 16a, 16b and a capacitance 18a, 18b, of respective values La, Lb, Ca and Cb.
  • the first isolator filter 14a and the second isolator filter 14b are respectively placed at a distance L1 and L2 from the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 on the radiating element 8 in order to cut it into three sections.
  • the submarine When the switching system 12 is in the switching position suitable for high frequency operation, the submarine transmits the wave at the desired RF frequency which is transmitted to the radiator 8 by the coaxial cable 6. Depending on the the RF frequency of the wave, the first section ER1 or the second section ER2 radiates towards a wave receiver.
  • the switching system 12 in the submarine is positioned / activated in the operating position at very low frequency.
  • the electrical circuits of the isolator filters are then transparent in the frequency band TBF, and ensure the wire antenna the same performance as before in this band.
  • the wired antenna according to the invention is capable of operating in transmission in the high frequency domain and in reception in the very low frequency and high frequency domains.
  • the adaptation is made in a simple manner with respect to the adaptation boxes and fixed for a plurality of central working frequencies, preferably two or three, distributed in the high frequency band.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wire antenna for a submarine (4), including a coaxial cable (6) and a radiating element (8), one end of which is connected to the coaxial cable and sized so as to transmit high-frequency waves of 3 MHz to 30 MHz. The antenna (2) includes at least one isolator filter (14) arranged on the radiating element (8) of the wire antenna (2).

Description

Antenne filaire pour une émission haute fréquence  Wired antenna for high frequency transmission
La présente invention concerne une antenne filaire pour une émission haute fréquence pour sous-marin, du type comprenant un câble coaxial et un élément rayonnant dont une extrémité est reliée au câble coaxial et dimensionné pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences, entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz.  The present invention relates to a wired antenna for a high-frequency emission for a submarine, of the type comprising a coaxial cable and a radiating element whose one end is connected to the coaxial cable and sized to emit high frequency waves, between 3 MHz and 30 MHz .
L'invention s'applique au domaine de la radiocommunication dans les bandes haute fréquence (H F pour « high frequency » en anglais) et très basse fréquence (TBF ou VLF pour « very low frequency » en anglais), s'étendant respectivement de 3 à 30 MHz et de 3 et 30 kHz.  The invention applies to the field of radiocommunication in the high frequency (HF) and very low frequency (VFF) bands, ranging respectively from 3 at 30 MHz and 3 and 30 kHz.
Les sous-marins transmettent et reçoivent des signaux via des antennes filaires remorquées ou tractées par les sous-marins, dont la flottabilité est telle que les antennes sont proches de la surface pendant que le sous-marin est en immersion à une plus grande profondeur.  Submarines transmit and receive signals via wired or towed wire antennas, whose buoyancy is such that the antennas are close to the surface while the submarine is submerged to a greater depth.
Ces antennes filaires sont dimensionnées électriquement pour fonctionner à très basse fréquence car les ondes TBF pénètrent jusqu'à une profondeur de 10 à 50 m dans l'eau, selon la fréquence et la salinité de l'eau, contrairement aux ondes hautes fréquences (HF) qui pénètrent peu dans l'eau.  These wired antennas are electrically dimensioned to operate at very low frequency because the TBF waves penetrate to a depth of 10 to 50 m in water, depending on the frequency and salinity of water, unlike high frequency waves (HF ) which penetrate little into the water.
De façon connue, la longueur idéale de l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire est égale au quart de la longueur d'onde des ondes à émettre, c'est-à-dire le quart du rapport de la célérité de l'onde dans le milieu de propagation par sa fréquence. C'est ce qu'on appelle une antenne quart d'onde.  In known manner, the ideal length of the radiating element of the wire antenna is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be emitted, that is to say a quarter of the ratio of the velocity of the wave in the propagation medium by its frequency. This is called a quarter wave antenna.
En pratique, les antennes filaires TBF (ou VLF), c'est-à-dire adaptée à fonctionner dans la bande très basse fréquence, sont beaucoup plus courtes que la longueur idéale. In practice, the wired antennas TBF (or VLF), that is to say, adapted to operate in the very low frequency band, are much shorter than the ideal length.
C'est le cas des antennes filaires TBF de réception actuelles, qui sont bien plus courtes que la théorie le voudrait mais suffisamment sensibles pour recevoir des ondes de la bande TBF (VLF en anglais). Il se trouve que cette longueur peut atteindre la longueur idéale nécessaire pour l'émission en début de la bande haute fréquence à quelques MHz. This is the case of current receiving TBF antennal antennas, which are much shorter than the theory would like but sensitive enough to receive waves of the VLF band (VLF). It turns out that this length can reach the ideal length necessary for the emission at the beginning of the high frequency band at a few MHz.
Néanmoins, ces antennes TBF ne sont pas adaptées pour fonctionner dans le reste de la bande haute fréquence.  Nevertheless, these antennas TBF are not adapted to operate in the rest of the high frequency band.
De même, pour utiliser une antenne filaire à des fréquences qui ne correspondent pas à la longueur ou hauteur physique de l'élément rayonnant, il existe des circuits électroniques d'adaptation disposés au pied de l'antenne, lorsque celle-ci est aérienne, appelés « boîte d'adaptation » d'antenne. Un inconvénient de ce dispositif est que l'adaptation est à faire de manière différente pour chaque fréquence utilisée. Par exemple, dans la gamme haute fréquence, les boîtes d'adaptation contiennent environ 25 composants à utiliser de manière combinatoire (soit 225 combinaisons) déterminés par un calculateur. En outre, le volume d'un tel système d'adaptation est proportionnel à la puissance délivré par l'émetteur, soit environ 200 L pour un émetteur de 500 W, ce qui n'est pas adaptable à un sous-marin. Similarly, to use a wire antenna at frequencies that do not correspond to the length or physical height of the radiating element, there are electronic matching circuits arranged at the foot of the antenna, when it is aerial, called "adapter box" antenna. A disadvantage of this device is that the adaptation is to be done differently for each frequency used. For example, in the high frequency range, adaptation boxes contain about 25 components to be used in a combinatorial fashion (ie, 2 25 combinations) determined by a computer. In addition, the volume of such an adaptation system is proportional to the power delivered by the transmitter, or about 200 L for a transmitter of 500 W, which is not adaptable to a submarine.
Le but de l'invention est de pallier cet inconvénient d'adaptation de l'antenne à l'émission dans la bande haute fréquence.  The object of the invention is to overcome this drawback of adaptation of the antenna to the transmission in the high frequency band.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet, une antenne filaire du type précité, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un filtre isolateur disposé sur l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire.  For this purpose, the object of the invention is a wire antenna of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises at least one isolating filter arranged on the radiating element of the wire antenna.
Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, l'antenne filaire comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises séparément ou en combinaison :  According to particular embodiments, the wired antenna comprises one or more of the following characteristics taken separately or in combination:
- le ou chaque filtre isolateur est un circuit comprenant une inductance et une capacité en parallèle ;  the or each isolating filter is a circuit comprising an inductance and a capacitance in parallel;
- le ou chaque filtre isolateur est disposé à une distance égale au quart d'une longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence à émettre de l'extrémité de l'élément rayonnant reliée au câble coaxial ;  the or each isolating filter is disposed at a distance equal to a quarter of a wavelength of a high frequency wave to be emitted from the end of the radiating element connected to the coaxial cable;
- la ou chaque distance est comprise entre le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'eau et le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'air ;  the or each distance is between one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in water and one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the air;
- elle comprend au moins un premier et un second filtres isolateurs disposés successivement le long de l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire ;  it comprises at least a first and a second isolator filter arranged successively along the radiating element of the wire antenna;
- l'antenne filaire a une longueur sensiblement comprise entre 10 et 40 m ;  the wired antenna has a length substantially between 10 and 40 m;
- l'élément rayonnant est propre à recevoir des ondes très basses fréquences entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz.  the radiating element is suitable for receiving very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz.
L'invention a également pour objet un système d'émission caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un émetteur d'ondes de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz et une antenne filaire pour émettre ces ondes telle que décrite ci-dessus.  The invention also relates to a transmission system characterized in that it comprises a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna for transmitting these waves as described above.
Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, le système d'émission comprend un récepteur d'ondes de très basses fréquences comprises entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz et de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz, le récepteur étant connecté avec la même antenne filaire pour recevoir ces ondes.  According to a particular embodiment, the transmission system comprises a receiver of very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, the receiver being connected with the same wired antenna to receive these waves.
L'invention a également pour objet un véhicule sous-marin caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système d'émission tel que décrit ci-dessus.  The invention also relates to an underwater vehicle characterized in that it comprises an emission system as described above.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une antenne filaire selon l'invention connectée à un sous-marin, - la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'une partie de l'antenne filaire de la figure 1 , etFIG. 1 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention connected to a submarine, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part of the wire antenna of FIG. 1, and
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'une antenne filaire selon l'invention comprenant deux filtres isolateurs. - Figure 3 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two isolator filters.
En référence à la figure 1 , l'invention concerne une antenne filaire 2 connectée à un sous-marin 4.  With reference to FIG. 1, the invention relates to a wire antenna 2 connected to a submarine 4.
Lorsque le sous-marin souhaite communiquer en haute fréquence ou très basse fréquence tout en restant en immersion profonde, l'antenne filaire 2 est déployée et tractée par le sous-marin tout en flottant depuis son extrémité à la surface de l'eau 5.  When the submarine wishes to communicate in high frequency or very low frequency while remaining in deep immersion, the wire antenna 2 is deployed and towed by the submarine while floating from its end to the surface of the water 5.
L'antenne filaire 2 comprend un câble coaxial 6 et un élément rayonnant 8 flottant. Le câble coaxial 6 est relié à une extrémité 6A à l'élément rayonnant 8 et à l'autre extrémité 6B au sous-marin 4.  The wired antenna 2 comprises a coaxial cable 6 and a floating radiating element 8. The coaxial cable 6 is connected at one end 6A to the radiating element 8 and at the other end 6B to the submarine 4.
L'antenne filaire 2 est du type « antenne filaire TBF », c'est-à-dire adaptée à fonctionner à très basse fréquence entre 3 et 30 kHz et en particulier à recevoir des ondes TBF (VLF en anglais).  The wired antenna 2 is of the "TBF wired antenna" type, that is to say adapted to operate at a very low frequency between 3 and 30 kHz and in particular to receive VLF (VLF) waves.
L'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire 2 a une longueur plus courte que la théorie le voudrait mais est suffisamment sensible pour recevoir des ondes de la bande TBF entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz. La longueur est sensiblement égale à la longueur idéale nécessaire pour l'émission en début de la bande haute fréquence à quelques MHz. Par exemple, une longueur est sensiblement comprise entre 10 et 40 m pour émettre des ondes à environ 6 MHz.  The radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2 has a shorter length than the theory would like but is sensitive enough to receive waves of the band TBF between 3 kHz and 30 kHz. The length is substantially equal to the ideal length necessary for the emission at the beginning of the high frequency band at a few MHz. For example, a length is substantially between 10 and 40 m to emit waves at about 6 MHz.
En outre, l'antenne filaire 2 comporte un système de commutation 12 situé dans le sous-marin 4 et connecté électriquement au câble coaxial 6 permettant de commuter entre le fonctionnement en haute fréquence (émission et réception) et le fonctionnement en très basse fréquence (réception). L'antenne filaire 2 comprend en outre au moins un filtre isolateur 14 disposé sur l'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire 2.  In addition, the wired antenna 2 comprises a switching system 12 located in the submarine 4 and electrically connected to the coaxial cable 6 for switching between high frequency operation (transmission and reception) and very low frequency operation ( reception). The wire antenna 2 further comprises at least one isolating filter 14 disposed on the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2.
L'élément rayonnant 8 est électriquement coupé en plusieurs endroits pour placer les différents filtres isolateurs 14. Cette coupure électrique est similaire à la coupure électrique réalisée entre l'élément rayonnant 8 et le câble coaxial 6 qui transporte le signal reçu à un récepteur du sous-marin 4. De façon connue, un assemblage mécanique assure le maintien entre les différents tronçons de l'élément rayonnant 8 et le câble coaxial 6 ou les filtres isolateurs 14.  The radiating element 8 is electrically cut in several places to place the different isolating filters 14. This electrical cut is similar to the electrical cutoff made between the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 which carries the received signal to a receiver of the sub. -marine 4. In known manner, a mechanical assembly ensures the maintenance between the different sections of the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 or the insulating filters 14.
Chaque filtre isolateur 14 est un circuit électrique comprenant une inductance 16 et une capacité 18 en parallèle, tel que représenté sur la figure 2 et communément appelé circuit bouchon.  Each isolator filter 14 is an electrical circuit comprising an inductor 16 and a capacitor 18 in parallel, as shown in FIG. 2 and commonly called a plug circuit.
Les valeurs L de l'inductance 16 et C de la capacité 18 sont choisies en fonction de la fréquence centrale F d'émission dans la bande haute fréquence désirée, selon la relation mathématique F2 = 1 /(4π2Ι_0). Par exemple, la valeur de l'inductance est de l'ordre de 1 μΗ. The values L of the inductance 16 and C of the capacitance 18 are chosen as a function of the central transmission frequency F in the desired high frequency band, according to the mathematical relation F 2 = 1 / (4π 2 Ι_0). For example, the value of the inductor is of the order of 1 μΗ.
De façon connue, le rapport entre la valeur L de l'inductance 16 et la valeur C de la capacité 18 détermine la largeur de bande du filtre isolateur 14 autour de la fréquence centrale F. La largeur de bande passante est sensiblement égale à 2 MHz autour de la fréquence centrale.  In known manner, the ratio between the value L of the inductor 16 and the value C of the capacitor 18 determines the bandwidth of the isolating filter 14 around the center frequency F. The bandwidth is substantially equal to 2 MHz around the center frequency.
Chaque filtre isolateur 14 est disposé sur l'élément rayonnant 8 à une distance fixe de l'extrémité de l'élément rayonnant 8 reliée au câble coaxial 6.  Each isolating filter 14 is disposed on the radiating element 8 at a fixed distance from the end of the radiating element 8 connected to the coaxial cable 6.
De façon connue, cette distance est de préférence égale au quart de la longueur d'onde de l'onde haute fréquence à émettre, pour former une « antenne quart-d'onde ».  In known manner, this distance is preferably equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the high frequency wave to be emitted, to form a "quarter-wave antenna".
La distance est comprise entre le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'eau et le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'air.  The distance is between a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the water and a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the air.
Selon une variante, la distance est égale au trois quart du rapport de la célérité divisée par la fréquence de l'onde. De façon connue, il s'agit d'une « antenne trois-quarts d'onde ». Pour une même fréquence, l'efficacité sera moins bonne que pour une antenne quart-d'onde.  According to one variant, the distance is equal to three quarters of the ratio of the speed divided by the frequency of the wave. In known manner, it is a "three-quarter wave antenna". For the same frequency, the efficiency will be less good than for a quarter-wave antenna.
Ainsi, chaque filtre isolateur 14 permet d'ajuster la longueur de l'antenne TBF (VLF en anglais) à une longueur virtuelle plus courte que la longueur physique. Cette longueur virtuelle permet au tronçon de l'élément rayonnant situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le filtre isolateur 14 d'émettre dans la bande haute fréquence.  Thus, each isolator filter 14 makes it possible to adjust the length of the antenna TBF (VLF in English) to a virtual length shorter than the physical length. This virtual length allows the section of the radiating element located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the isolating filter 14 to emit in the high frequency band.
Ainsi, l'antenne filaire peut être tronçonnée en autant de bandes de fréquence que désirées, séparées par des filtres isolateurs dimensionnés en fonction de la fréquence centrale de chaque bande. L'élément rayonnant est alors dimensionné pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz.  Thus, the wire antenna can be cut into as many frequency bands as desired, separated by insulator filters sized according to the center frequency of each band. The radiating element is then sized to emit high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.
L'invention concerne également un système d'émission comportant un émetteur d'ondes de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz et une antenne filaire telle que décrite précédemment pour émettre ces ondes. L'antenne filaire est connectée à l'émetteur.  The invention also relates to a transmission system comprising a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna as described above for transmitting these waves. The wired antenna is connected to the transmitter.
En outre, ce système d'émission comprend un récepteur d'ondes de très basses fréquences comprises entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz et de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz. Le récepteur est connecté avec la même antenne filaire pour recevoir ces ondes.  In addition, this transmission system comprises a receiver of very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz. The receiver is connected with the same wired antenna to receive these waves.
Le sous-marin 4 comporte un tel système d'émission pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences. Le fonctionnement de l'antenne filaire va maintenant être détaillé en regard de la figure 3 qui représente une antenne filaire selon l'invention comprenant deux filtres isolateurs notés 14a et 14b. Chaque filtre isolateur comprend une inductance 16a, 16b et une capacité 18a, 18b, de valeurs respectives La, Lb, Ca et Cb. The submarine 4 includes such an emission system for emitting high frequency waves. The operation of the wired antenna will now be detailed with reference to Figure 3 which shows a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two insulated filters 14a and 14b. Each isolator filter comprises an inductance 16a, 16b and a capacitance 18a, 18b, of respective values La, Lb, Ca and Cb.
Le premier filtre isolateur 14a et le second filtre isolateur 14b sont placés respectivement à une distance L1 et L2 de l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 sur l'élément rayonnant 8 afin de le découper en trois tronçons.  The first isolator filter 14a and the second isolator filter 14b are respectively placed at a distance L1 and L2 from the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 on the radiating element 8 in order to cut it into three sections.
Le premier tronçon de l'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire TBF situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le premier filtre isolateur 14a est noté ER1 et forme un premier élément rayonnant adapté pour émettre une onde de fréquence F1 égale à F12 = 1/(47t2LaCa) appartenant à la bande haute fréquence. The first section of the radiating element 8 of the wired antenna TBF situated between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the first isolating filter 14a is denoted ER1 and forms a first radiating element adapted to emit a frequency wave F1 equal to F1 2 = 1 / (47t 2 LaCa) belonging to the high frequency band.
De même, le second tronçon situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le second filtre isolateur 14b est noté ER2 et forme un second élément rayonnant adapté pour émettre une onde de fréquence F2 égale à F22 = 1/(47t2LbCb) appartenant à la bande haute fréquence et plus grande que F1 . Similarly, the second portion located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the second isolator filter 14b is denoted ER2 and forms a second radiating element adapted to emit a frequency wave F2 equal to F2 2 = 1 / (47t 2 LbCb ) belonging to the high frequency band and larger than F1.
En effet, autour de la fréquence de résonnance du circuit électrique de chaque filtre isolateur, seul le tronçon placé avant le filtre isolateur rayonne les signaux à haute fréquence. La partie placée après le filtre est isolée.  Indeed, around the resonance frequency of the electrical circuit of each isolator filter, only the section placed before the isolating filter radiates the high frequency signals. The part placed after the filter is isolated.
Lorsque le système de commutation 12 est dans la position de commutation adaptée au fonctionnement en haute fréquence, le sous-marin émet l'onde à la fréquence HF désirée qui est transmise à l'élément rayonnant 8 par le câble coaxial 6. En fonction de la fréquence HF de l'onde, le premier tronçon ER1 ou le deuxième tronçon ER2 rayonne vers un récepteur de l'onde.  When the switching system 12 is in the switching position suitable for high frequency operation, the submarine transmits the wave at the desired RF frequency which is transmitted to the radiator 8 by the coaxial cable 6. Depending on the the RF frequency of the wave, the first section ER1 or the second section ER2 radiates towards a wave receiver.
Par exemple, il peut être nécessaire d'avoir trois bandes de fréquence dans la gamme haute fréquence pour la communication des sous-marins : entre 20 MHz et 24 MHz, 12 MHz et 15 MHz et entre 5 MHz et 7 MHz.  For example, it may be necessary to have three frequency bands in the high frequency range for submarine communication: between 20 MHz and 24 MHz, 12 MHz and 15 MHz and between 5 MHz and 7 MHz.
Si l'une des bandes correspond à la longueur totale de l'antenne TBF utilisée en haute fréquence, seuls deux autres filtres sont nécessaires. Sinon trois filtres seront nécessaires afin de découper l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire en trois tronçons.  If one of the bands corresponds to the total length of the TBF antenna used at high frequency, only two other filters are needed. Otherwise three filters will be needed to cut the radiating element of the wire antenna into three sections.
Pour recevoir dans la bande TBF, le système de commutation 12 dans le sous- marin est positionné/activé dans la position de fonctionnement en très basse fréquence.  To receive in the band TBF, the switching system 12 in the submarine is positioned / activated in the operating position at very low frequency.
Les circuits électriques des filtres isolateurs sont alors transparents dans la bande de fréquence TBF, et assurent à l'antenne filaire les mêmes performances qu'auparavant dans cette bande.  The electrical circuits of the isolator filters are then transparent in the frequency band TBF, and ensure the wire antenna the same performance as before in this band.
Ainsi, une bonne adaptation d'impédance est réalisée pour les deux bandes de fréquence : haute fréquence (émission et réception) et très basse fréquence (réception). On comprend alors que l'antenne filaire selon l'invention est apte à fonctionner en émission dans le domaine haute fréquence et en réception dans les domaines très basse fréquence et haute fréquence. Thus, a good impedance matching is achieved for the two frequency bands: high frequency (transmission and reception) and very low frequency (reception). It is then understood that the wired antenna according to the invention is capable of operating in transmission in the high frequency domain and in reception in the very low frequency and high frequency domains.
Selon l'invention, l'adaptation est faite de manière simple par rapport aux boîtes d'adaptation et fixe pour une pluralité de fréquences centrales de travail, de préférence deux ou trois, réparties dans la bande haute fréquence.  According to the invention, the adaptation is made in a simple manner with respect to the adaptation boxes and fixed for a plurality of central working frequencies, preferably two or three, distributed in the high frequency band.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . - Antenne filaire (2) pour sous-marin (4) comprenant un câble coaxial (6) et un élément rayonnant (8) dont une extrémité est reliée au câble coaxial et dimensionné pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences, entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz, l'antenne (2) étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un filtre isolateur (14) disposé sur l'élément rayonnant (8) de l'antenne filaire (2).  1. Wired antenna (2) for a submarine (4) comprising a coaxial cable (6) and a radiating element (8) one end of which is connected to the coaxial cable and sized to emit high frequency waves, between 3 MHz and 30 MHz , the antenna (2) being characterized in that it comprises at least one isolating filter (14) disposed on the radiating element (8) of the wire antenna (2).
2. - Antenne filaire (2) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le ou chaque filtre isolateur (14) est un circuit comprenant une inductance (16) et une capacité (18) en parallèle. 2. - Antenna wire (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the or each isolator filter (14) is a circuit comprising an inductance (16) and a capacitor (18) in parallel.
3. - Antenne filaire (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisée en ce que le ou chaque filtre isolateur (14) est disposé à une distance égale au quart d'une longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence à émettre de l'extrémité de l'élément rayonnant (8) reliée au câble coaxial (6). 3. - Antenna wire (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the or each isolator filter (14) is disposed at a distance equal to one quarter of a wavelength of a wave high frequency to be emitted from the end of the radiating element (8) connected to the coaxial cable (6).
4. - Antenne filaire selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la ou chaque distance est comprise entre le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'eau et le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'air. 4. - wired antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the or each distance is between one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the water and one quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in the air.
5. - Antenne filaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins un premier et un second filtres isolateurs (14) disposés successivement le long de l'élément rayonnant (8) de l'antenne filaire (2). 5. - Wired antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least a first and a second insulator filters (14) arranged successively along the radiating element (8) of the wired antenna (2).
6.- Antenne filaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne filaire (2) a une longueur sensiblement comprise entre 10 et 40 m. 6. Antenna wire according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wire antenna (2) has a length substantially between 10 and 40 m.
7. - Antenne filaire selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant est propre à recevoir des ondes très basses fréquences entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz. 7. - Antenna wire according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the radiating element is adapted to receive very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz.
8. - Système d'émission caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un émetteur d'ondes de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz et une antenne filaire (2) pour émettre ces ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. 8. - Emission system characterized in that it comprises a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna (2) for transmitting these waves according to any one of claims 1 to 7 .
9. - Système d'émission selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un récepteur d'ondes de très basses fréquences comprises entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz et de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz, le récepteur étant connecté avec la même antenne filaire pour recevoir ces ondes. 9. - Transmitting system according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a receiver of very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, the receiver being connected with the same wired antenna to receive these waves.
10. - Véhicule sous-marin caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un système d'émission selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 9. 10. - underwater vehicle characterized in that it comprises an emission system according to any one of claims 8 to 9.
EP11743122.1A 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission Active EP2593988B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11743122T PL2593988T3 (en) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1002978A FR2962854B1 (en) 2010-07-15 2010-07-15 WIRED ANTENNA FOR HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION
PCT/FR2011/051695 WO2012007699A1 (en) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

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EP2593988A1 true EP2593988A1 (en) 2013-05-22
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AU (1) AU2011278167B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112013000987B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2806935T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2962854B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2593988T3 (en)
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FR3003388B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-04-17 Dcns WIRED ANTENNA FOR HF EMISSION BY A UNDERWATER
FR3049397B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2019-11-22 Thales BI-LOOP ANTENNA FOR IMMERSE ENGINE

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US6411260B1 (en) * 1994-08-18 2002-06-25 Alliedsignal Inc. Triple frequency, split monopole, emergency locator transmitter antenna
US6919851B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2005-07-19 Clemson University Broadband monopole/ dipole antenna with parallel inductor-resistor load circuits and matching networks
ITTO20050344A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-20 Selenia Comm S P A WIDE BAND MULTI-FUNCTION ANTENNA OPERATING IN THE HF RANGE, PARTICULARLY FOR NAVAL INSTALLATIONS
US7868833B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-01-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ultra wideband buoyant cable antenna element

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WO2012007699A1 (en) 2012-01-19
FR2962854A1 (en) 2012-01-20
AU2011278167A1 (en) 2013-01-31
BR112013000987B1 (en) 2021-09-08
EP2593988B1 (en) 2020-05-06
PL2593988T3 (en) 2020-11-02
SG187087A1 (en) 2013-03-28
FR2962854B1 (en) 2013-05-10
AU2011278167B2 (en) 2016-03-17
ES2806935T3 (en) 2021-02-19
BR112013000987A2 (en) 2016-05-24

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