EP2592266B1 - Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts - Google Patents

Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2592266B1
EP2592266B1 EP20130154083 EP13154083A EP2592266B1 EP 2592266 B1 EP2592266 B1 EP 2592266B1 EP 20130154083 EP20130154083 EP 20130154083 EP 13154083 A EP13154083 A EP 13154083A EP 2592266 B1 EP2592266 B1 EP 2592266B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
rotor
dampers
generator
direct drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20130154083
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2592266A1 (de
Inventor
Arturo Rodriguez Tsouroukdissian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Renewable Technologies Wind BV
Original Assignee
Alstom Renovables Espana SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Renovables Espana SL filed Critical Alstom Renovables Espana SL
Priority to EP20130154083 priority Critical patent/EP2592266B1/de
Priority to DK13154083T priority patent/DK2592266T3/da
Publication of EP2592266A1 publication Critical patent/EP2592266A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2592266B1 publication Critical patent/EP2592266B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine, and more particularly to a direct drive wind turbine.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a method for controlling an air gap, and more particularly to such a method in a direct drive wind turbine.
  • Wind turbines are commonly used to supply electricity into the electrical grid.
  • Wind turbines of this kind generally comprise a rotor with a rotor hub and a plurality of blades.
  • the rotor is set into rotation under the influence of the wind on the blades.
  • the rotation of the rotor shaft drives the generator rotor either directly (“directly driven”) or through the use of a gearbox.
  • Direct driven wind turbines also may be "shaftless"; in these shaftless wind turbines, the rotor directly drives the generator.
  • Direct drive wind turbines such as known from e.g. WO 2005/103489 , do not suffer from known problems related to the gearbox.
  • the generator shaft rotates very slowly.
  • a large and relatively expensive generator is generally needed to be able to generate electricity in an effective way.
  • high bending loads can even cause structural damage to parts of the generator, e.g. its bearings. Replacement or repair of such generator parts may be very expensive due to the size and related cost of the generator and its components.
  • EP1657437A1 discloses a wind power plant comprising a wind turbine, a tower and a machinery bed, said wind turbine propelling an electrical generator arranged with a generator bearing arrangement in or adjacent to an air gap between the active parts of the rotor and the stator of the generator.
  • the configuration is characterised in that the wind turbine is arranged to the machinery bed by means of a bearing arrangement, separate from the generator bearing arrangement. In this way, the loads from the wind turbine are absorbed by dedicated turbine bearings.
  • WO 01/59296 discloses a direct drive wind turbine comprising a hub with a plurality of blades, the hub being rotatably mounted relative to an axle part.
  • the hub of the turbine is connected to the generator rotor by means of a plurality of connecting members, which are torsion stiff but yielding to bending moment.
  • the present invention provides a direct drive wind turbine according to claim 1. Because of the rotor being rotatably mounted on a frame, the transmission of bending loads to the generator rotor may be reduced, thus making it easier to control the air gap. Additionally, the generator rotor may have a lighter design since the loads that it has to support may be reduced. And by providing a damper that at least partially dissipates the energy of a bending movement of the hub, the resulting movement or deformation of a generator rotor may be reduced. In this sense, the axial direction is defined by the axis of rotation of the rotor (which would normally correspond to the axis of rotation of the generator rotor).
  • one or more dampers may be passive. In some embodiments, one or more dampers may be semi-active. In some embodiments, one or more dampers may be active. Any kind of damper (e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, solid friction, rotational inertia-viscous dampers, rotational friction dampers etc.) may be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • damper e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic, solid friction, rotational inertia-viscous dampers, rotational friction dampers etc.
  • a passive damper system generally has a non-variable (constant) damping coefficient.
  • the damping coefficient may be varied with a control system.
  • the damper In an active damper system, the damper is actively steered, e.g. by increasing or decreasing pressure in a fluid chamber.
  • a semi-active damper system may be formed e.g. by a variable-orifice viscous damper, a variable stiffness damper, a variable-friction damper or a controllable fluid damper.
  • a preferred controllable fluid damper is a magnetorheological fluid damper. In magnetorheologial fluid dampers, the damper fluid contains metallic particles. The damper's damping coefficient can be controlled very quickly by an electro-magnet.
  • a control system may thus send control signals to an electro-magnet which can increase or decrease the damping coefficient.
  • An aspect of semi-active and active dampers is that they may be controlled to adapt to instantaneous load conditions. For example, under a high or sudden aerodynamic load, the dampers' damping coefficient may be suitably adapted.
  • Electrorheological fluids are suspensions of fine particles in an electrically insulating fluid. The viscosity of these fluids may be changed reversibly and very quickly in response to an electric field. In such a damper, the friction coefficient can thus be varied by applying an electric field.
  • a hybrid system comprising a combination of passive and semi-active or active dampers may be provided.
  • a wind turbine may comprise one or more sensors, wherein data collected by said sensors is used in the control of the semi-active or active dampers.
  • the dampers may be attached to the rotor and/or generator rotor with friction joints. Friction joints may allow some relative movement between the hub and generator rotor and may reduce loads to be supported by the damper. In a similar manner, in some embodiments, the dampers may be attached to the rotor and/or generator rotor with ball-socket joints.
  • the dampers may also extend in a substantially radial direction. Depending on the design of the rotor and of the generator, the dampers may also be arranged partially in a radial direction.
  • the dampers may e.g. be attached at the rotor hub, at root extenders (if present) and could also be attached at the rotor blades.
  • the invention also provides a method of controlling an air gap in a wind turbine as substantially hereinbefore described, comprising measuring or predicting an acceleration of the rotor using at least one sensor, and actuating at least one damper to reduce the transfer of a bending movement from the rotor to the generator rotor.
  • an acceleration of the rotor is measured with a triaxial accelerometer mounted on the hub.
  • An acceleration of the hub may also be indirectly measured with a sensor for determining the movement (and activity) of a damper.
  • One or more dampers may comprise such sensors.
  • an acceleration of the rotor may be predicted indirectly using a LIDAR system for predicting an aerodynamic load.
  • actuating at least one damper may comprise actuating at least one damper differently than another damper. Different actuations of the separate dampers may be useful in certain asymmetric load cases.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a wind turbine 1 according to the present invention.
  • Wind turbine 1 comprises a tower 50 upon which a frame 20 is rotatably mounted.
  • frame 20 comprises two separate sections: a front frame 20a and a rear frame 20b.
  • Reference sign 55 indicates the presence of a yaw mechanism, which allows rear frame 20b to be rotated around the longitudinal axis of the wind turbine tower.
  • Rear frame 20b and front frame 20a may comprise inward annular flanges. In the embodiment shown, bolts are used to connect these flanges.
  • Rotor hub 10 is rotatably mounted on front frame 20a through bearings 15 and 16.
  • Rotor hub 10 carries a plurality of blades (not shown).
  • a generator 30 is also mounted on frame 20.
  • Generator housing 31 is connected through bolts to an annular flange provided on rear frame 20b.
  • Schematically indicated with reference sign 34 is a suitable bearing, rotatably supporting a generator rotor 33.
  • Any suitable bearing may be used, for example a rolling element bearing such as e.g. a double-tapered roller bearing.
  • Generator rotor 33 comprises (electro)magnetic means, which may include but are not limited to e.g. permanent magnets or windings. These (electro)magnetic means are carried by a generator rotor's carrying structure 35, which is provided around bearing 34 and thus can rotate with respect to the generator stator.
  • a protrusion 12 is integrally formed with hub 10.
  • the protrusion 12 may be flexibly coupled to generator rotor carrying structure 35, thus limiting the transfer of bending loads. Flexibly coupled in this sense means that the coupling will yield ("give in") relatively easily under loads in at least one direction. In preferred embodiments, the couplings yield at least in an axial direction, so that an axial movement of the rotor with respect to the generator is possible.
  • elements of flexible materials may be arranged between the protrusions 12 and parts of the generator rotor's carrying structure.
  • These flexible elements may be made from any suitable material, e.g. elastic or elastomer materials, or combinations of metals with elastomers or yet other suitable materials.
  • Other or additional flexible couplings may also be used; the couplings may obtain their flexible properties due to their shape, material, positioning, mounting or combinations of these.
  • this connection may also be more rigid.
  • a plurality of dampers 60 is mounted between the rotor and the generator rotor.
  • dampers are mounted between the hub 10 and carrying structure 35 of the generator rotor and extend axially and substantially radially.
  • the dampers may e.g. be mounted at extenders mounted on the hub or even at the blades. The dampers may be most effective when they are arranged in such a manner that the prevailing bending movements of the hub are locally directed in the longitudinal direction of the dampers.
  • the dampers may be e.g. passive hydraulic or pneumatic dampers.
  • the hub When the hub is subjected to a bending load, it may perform a bending movement which may be transmitted to the generator rotor through protrusions 12 and their connection to the generator rotor.
  • the dampers can dissipate at least a part of the energy contained in the bending movement of the hub and thus limit the resulting movement and loads in the generator rotor.
  • the air gap between the generator rotor and generator stator may thus be more effectively controlled.
  • damping coefficients may be determined in accordance with prevailing load cases and e.g. eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies.
  • Figure 2a illustrates a similar wind turbine as in figure 1 , but a plurality of semi-active or active dampers 60 is provided.
  • one or more sensors may be provided in the wind turbine.
  • a tri-axial accelerometer 19 is provided in the hub 10. Additionally, sensors 39 are provided on the dampers for registering the activity of the dampers. These sensors 39 may e.g. be load cells, proximity probes or linear potentiometers. Further, data collected by a LIDAR 78 concerning instantaneous wind flows may also be used in the control of the dampers.
  • I/O element 74 sends the data to a schematically indicated control system 76.
  • the control system calculates control commands based on the input data. The control commands may be sent from I/O element 74 to each of the dampers 60.
  • input signals 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85 may be sent to bus 72.
  • Command signals 91, 92 and 93 may be sent to the three dampers.
  • data is collected from a LIDAR, an accelerometer on the hub and sensors at the dampers. In other embodiments, only some of these sensors may be used. In further embodiments, also alternative sensors may be used. For example, a sensor may also be connected to frame 20 to register bending loads or deformations. The communication between sensors, dampers and control system may be through wires / cables or may be wireless.
  • dampers may be beneficial to combine the control of the dampers with e.g. pitch control in order to control the air gap.

Claims (13)

  1. Windturbine mit Direktantrieb (1) umfassend einen Rotor und einen Generator (30), wobei der Rotor eine Nabe (10) und eine Vielzahl von Blättern umfasst und auf einem Gestell (20) drehbar gelagert ist, und wobei der Generator einen Generatorläufer (33) und einen Generatorständer umfasst, wobei der Generatorläufer ein elektromagnetisches Mittel umfasst, das auf einer tragenden Struktur (35) des Generatorläufers getragen ist, wobei die Windturbine weiterhin
    einen oder mehrere Dämpfer (60) umfasst, der/die zwischen dem Rotor und dem Generatorläufer angeordnet ist/sind und der/die sich mindestens teilweise in eine axiale Richtung streckt/strecken, wobei zusätzlich
    die Rotornabe (10) eine oder mehrere Vorsprünge (12) umfasst, die flexibel mit der tragenden Struktur des Generatorläufers verbunden ist/sind.
  2. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach Anspruch 1, wobei mindestens ein Dämpfer (60) passiv ist.
  3. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei mindestens ein Dämpfer (60) semiaktiv ist.
  4. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach Anspruch 3, wobei der mindestens ein semiaktive Dämpfer (60) ein magnetorheologischer oder ein elektrorheologischer Dämpfer ist.
  5. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein Dämpfer (60) ein aktiver Dämpfer ist.
  6. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 3 - 5 weiterhin umfassend einen oder mehrere Sensoren (19, 39), wobei Daten, die von den Sensoren gesammelt werden bei der Steuerung der semiaktiven oder aktiven Dämpfer (60) benutzt werden.
  7. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dämpfer (60) mit dem Rotor und/oder dem Generatorläufer durch Reibgelenke verbunden sind.
  8. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, wobei die Dämpfer mit dem Rotor und/oder dem Generatorläufer (33) durch Kugelgelenke verbunden sind.
  9. Windturbine (1) mit Direktantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dämpfer (60) sich auch in eine im Wesentlichen radiale Richtung erstrecken.
  10. Windturbine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Vorsprünge einstückig mit der Nabe ausgebildet sind.
  11. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei flexible Elemente zwischen den Vorsprüngen (12) und Teilen der tragenden Struktur (35) des Generatorläufers angeordnet sind.
  12. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Dämpfer (60) auf der Nabe gelagert sind.
  13. Windturbine (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, wobei die Dämpfer (60) auf den Blättern gelagert sind.
EP20130154083 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts Not-in-force EP2592266B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20130154083 EP2592266B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts
DK13154083T DK2592266T3 (da) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Direkte drevet vindmølle og fremgangsmåde til styring af luftspalte

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100382221 EP2416009B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts
EP20130154083 EP2592266B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10382221.9 Division 2010-08-06
EP20100382221 Division EP2416009B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2592266A1 EP2592266A1 (de) 2013-05-15
EP2592266B1 true EP2592266B1 (de) 2014-06-25

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20100382221 Not-in-force EP2416009B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts
EP20130154083 Not-in-force EP2592266B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20100382221 Not-in-force EP2416009B1 (de) 2010-08-06 2010-08-06 Windturbine mit Direktantrieb und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Luftspalts

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9115696B2 (de)
EP (2) EP2416009B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20130097171A (de)
CN (1) CN103069158B (de)
DK (2) DK2592266T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2012017084A1 (de)

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US20150219076A1 (en) * 2012-08-21 2015-08-06 Aktiebolaget Skf (Publ) Wind turbine rotor shaft arrangement with expanding attachment portion
WO2014058886A1 (en) 2012-10-08 2014-04-17 Exro Technologies Inc. Electrical machines such as generators and motors
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WO2014173808A1 (en) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-30 youWINenergy GmbH Wind turbine architecture
WO2015058209A1 (en) 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 Tramontane Technologies, Inc. Amplified optical circuit
DK2884095T3 (da) 2013-12-12 2016-11-28 Siemens Ag Indstillet væskedæmper af en vindmølle
US10696336B2 (en) * 2017-10-17 2020-06-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Actuation system having a magnetorheological damper
EP3739226B1 (de) * 2019-05-16 2022-12-14 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Lageranordnung für eine windturbine sowie windturbine
CN114658610A (zh) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-24 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 传动系统以及风力发电机组
EP4357613A1 (de) 2022-10-17 2024-04-24 General Electric Renovables España S.L. Antriebsstranganordnungen für windturbinen

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2592266A1 (de) 2013-05-15
US9115696B2 (en) 2015-08-25
DK2416009T3 (da) 2013-07-15
EP2416009B1 (de) 2013-04-17
WO2012017084A1 (en) 2012-02-09
CN103069158B (zh) 2015-12-16
CN103069158A (zh) 2013-04-24
DK2592266T3 (da) 2014-09-15
KR20130097171A (ko) 2013-09-02
EP2416009A1 (de) 2012-02-08
US20130134712A1 (en) 2013-05-30

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