EP2587496A1 - Bistable switching magnet with piston position detector - Google Patents

Bistable switching magnet with piston position detector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2587496A1
EP2587496A1 EP12184928.5A EP12184928A EP2587496A1 EP 2587496 A1 EP2587496 A1 EP 2587496A1 EP 12184928 A EP12184928 A EP 12184928A EP 2587496 A1 EP2587496 A1 EP 2587496A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
switching
magnet
bistable
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12184928.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2587496B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Schöner
Ewald Lampl
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MSG Mechatronic Systems GmbH
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MSG Mechatronic Systems GmbH
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Publication of EP2587496A1 publication Critical patent/EP2587496A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/185—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with armature position measurement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1872—Bistable or bidirectional current devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bistable solenoid with an excitation coil and, with respect to the excitation coil by a switching current in the excitation coil in a first switching position and a second switching position, adjustable piston and a piston position detector for detecting whether the piston is moved to its first or second switching position is.
  • the piston is connected to a sealing element, which releases or interrupts the flow of a medium through a valve arranged outside the switching magnet, depending on the piston position.
  • the document EP 2 164 081 A2 discloses a switching magnet in which the piston position detector is formed by two mechanical contacts. Depending on the switching position of the piston of the solenoid either one or the other mechanical contact is closed.
  • the provision of mechanical contacts has the disadvantage of additional friction and mechanical wear of the contacts.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a solenoid with piston position detector, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
  • this task is solved in that the piston position detector is formed by at least one magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit generating permanent magnet and arranged in the magnetic circuit magnetic field sensor, both of which are provided with respect to the excitation coil immovably fixed in the switching magnet, and wherein the piston position detector has evaluation means which, for the detection of the piston position, evaluate the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit measured by the magnetic field sensor and dependent on the switching position of the piston.
  • the advantage is obtained that the detection of the current position of the piston in the switching magnet takes place without contact. Since the magnetic field sensor does not detect the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil only for switching the switching position of the piston, but the magnetic field always present through the permanent magnet, the detection of the piston position can always take place when the piston has assumed one of its two possible switching positions.
  • position detectors are known in which on the Moving part (eg locking pin or piston) is a permanent magnet is fixed and detected with a stationary magnetic field sensor, whether the permanent magnet is close (eg first switching position) or far away (eg second switching position) of the magnetic field sensor.
  • the invention can be dispensed with this additional for the position detector permanent magnet on the moving part (piston of the switching magpie), since the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is used for position detection, which is provided for holding the piston in its second switching position.
  • costs can be saved in the production of the solenoid.
  • the piston without a permanent magnet mounted on the piston can be made lighter and more mobile, which is advantageous both in terms of the switching speed and for the current required for switching current of the switching current.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bistable solenoid 1 as part of a bistable diaphragm valve, which is designed according to this example for shutting off or releasing a water pipe of a car.
  • the water is supplied to the diaphragm valve in a volume and discharged through another volume of the diaphragm valve again.
  • the solenoid 1 has a piston 4, which in FIG. 1 is shown in its first switching position.
  • a spring 5 presses a stop ring 6 with a spring force FK in the direction R against a stop surface 7 of the housing of the solenoid 1.
  • the volume and the other volume are connected together and it is the water flow in the line of the Diaphragm valve released.
  • the piston 4 is displaceable against the spring force FK against the direction R in a second switching position.
  • a sealing element not shown in the figures seals the volume against the other volume, so that the flow of water is interrupted in the line.
  • Switching magnets according to the invention can be used for a large number of other application examples, which are not discussed in more detail in this description.
  • the solenoid 1 is formed bistable, which is why the piston 4 is positioned either held in its first switching position or in its second switching position.
  • the spring 5 holds the piston 4 with the spring force FK in its first switching position.
  • the switching magnet 1 further has a permanent magnet 8 which exerts a magnetic attraction force MK against the direction R on the piston 4 via a pole core 9.
  • the magnetic attraction force MK is too weak to move the piston 4 from its first switching position to its second switching position.
  • the spring force FK is too weak to move the piston 4 from its second switching position to its first switching position.
  • the solenoid 1 now further comprises an excitation coil 10, in which a switching current (DC) can be fed with a first polarity to move the piston 4 from its first switching position to its second switching position, and in a switching current with a second polarity can be fed to adjust the piston 4 from its second switching position to its first switching position.
  • a switching current DC
  • the shift solenoid 1 further includes a piston position detector for detecting whether the piston is adjusted to its first or second shift position. On the basis of this information from the piston position detector, for example, the vehicle electronics check the switching state of the piston 4 and initiate appropriate measures in case of deviations from the desired state.
  • the piston position detector comprises a Hall sensor 11, the permanent magnet 8 and evaluation means, which in the FIG. 1 are not shown in detail.
  • a magnetic circuit is formed, via which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8 from the permanent magnet 8 via the pole core 9, the piston 4 and the air gap between the piston 4 and the pole core 9 or the housing, is passed through the housing of the switching magnet 1 to the permanent magnet 8.
  • a switching current is impressed into the excitation coil 10
  • the magnetic flux of the excitation coil superimposed on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8, whereby the piston 4 is adjusted between its two switching positions.
  • the Hall sensor 11 is now mounted between the piston 4 and the housing in the region of the magnetic circuit, which is why the Hall sensor 11 measures the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit.
  • FIG. 2 a measurement characteristic M of the flux density measured in millitesla [mT] by the Hall sensor 11 as a function of the length in millimeters [mm] of the air gap of the piston 4 to the pole core 9 is shown.
  • the length of the air gap is about 0 mm and the Hall sensor 11 measures a magnetic flux density of about 24 mT.
  • Evaluation means of the piston position detector are now adapted to detect that the piston 4 is adjusted to its first switching position when the measured magnetic flux density is smaller than a lower threshold OS of 7 mT. Furthermore, the evaluation means of the piston position detector detects that the piston 4 is adjusted to its second switching position when the measured magnetic flux density is greater than an upper threshold value US of 18 mT.
  • the dependence of the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit on the switching position of the piston 4 and the application of the upper threshold OS and lower threshold US has the advantage that the piston position detector can detect the switching position of the piston 4 without contact and without an additional permanent magnet.
  • the specified threshold values are to be understood as an example and depend on the particular design of the switching magnet and the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet.
  • the Hall sensor 11 may be formed as a threshold value switch, which advantageously thereby already takes over the evaluation of the evaluation. As a result, it is thus possible to dispense with separate evaluation means.
  • a solenoid 12 is shown as a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the switching magnet 12 has the same structure as the switching magnet 1, wherein additionally a second permanent magnet 13 is attached as part of the piston position detector on the side of the Hall sensor 11 on the piston 4.
  • the second permanent magnet 13 can be used to influence the magnetic flux density at the magnetic field sensor. For some magnetic field sensors, a signal symmetric about the 0-point is advantageous. In this case, the second permanent magnet 13 is reversely poled as the permanent magnet. 8
  • NdFeB magnets known to those skilled in the art from other fields. These NdFeB magnets are characterized by their large magnetic field strength with relatively small volume of the permanent magnet.
  • the position of the Hall sensor 11 immediately adjacent to the displaced in its first switching position piston 4 has proved advantageous for constructive considerations.
  • Other positions of the Hall sensor 11 in the region of the magnetic circuit or the stray field of the magnetic circuit would be possible for the measurement of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit.
  • a threshold value of the magnetic flux density would have to be determined which corresponds to the respective length of the air gap between the piston 4 and the pole core 9.
  • the bistable solenoid could also have a permanent magnet on each side of the piston, in which case the spring 5 would not be necessary and each of the permanent magnets would hold the piston in one of the two shift positions. Furthermore, it is also possible to use arrangements with two coils and a radial permanent magnet between the coils.
  • the solenoid could have a connectable to a data bus control electronics, the from the data bus, a switching information can be fed and which is designed to evaluate the switching information and for outputting the switching current to the excitation coil.
  • a data bus protocol the protocol according to a so-called LIN bus (Local Interconnected Network) has proven to be advantageous in automotive applications.
  • the bistable solenoid can also be provided in a switching valve, with the example, the water or oil supply is controlled.
  • the advantage is obtained that a likewise connected to the LIN bus control unit of a car via only one data line can deliver the switching information to the bistable switching valve, whereby costs can be saved and digital processing is possible.
  • the evaluation means of the Kolbepositionsdetektors a position information can be delivered to the control electronics, which at certain times (eg every three seconds) and / or on request of the control unit of the car outputs the position information via the data bus to the control unit.
  • the control unit of the car is always informed about the current position of the piston of the bistable switching valve, whereby the troubleshooting in the workshop is much easier.
  • the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 8 may be mitigated weakening or amplifying.
  • the polarity as attenuating has proven to be advantageous in the embodiment.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

The solenoid (1) has a piston (4) arranged opposite to an exciter coil (10) and shiftable between shift positions by using direct current passing through the coil. A piston position detector is formed by a permanent magnet (8) producing magnetic flux density in a magnetic circuit and a magnetic field sensor (11) arranged in the region of the circuit. The sensor and the magnet are fixedly secured with respect to the coil in the solenoid. The detector has an evaluation unit to evaluate the flux density in the circuit based on the shift position of the piston to detect the piston position. The magnetic field sensor is formed by a hall sensor, which is designed as a threshold switch or a linear hall sensor. The permanent magnet is a neodymium magnet. An independent claim is also included for a bistable switching valve to open or close a connection between volumes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen bistabilen Schaltmagneten mit einer Erregerspule und einem, gegenüber der Erregerspule durch einen Schaltstrom in der Erregerspule in eine erste Schaltposition und eine zweite Schaltposition, verstellbaren Kolben und mit einem Kolbenpositionsdetektor zur Detektion, ob der Kolben in seine erste oder seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist. Der Kolben ist mit einem Dichtelement verbunden, welches den Durchfluss eines Mediums durch ein außerhalb des Schaltmagneten angeordnetes Ventil je nach Kolbenposition freigibt oder unterbricht.The invention relates to a bistable solenoid with an excitation coil and, with respect to the excitation coil by a switching current in the excitation coil in a first switching position and a second switching position, adjustable piston and a piston position detector for detecting whether the piston is moved to its first or second switching position is. The piston is connected to a sealing element, which releases or interrupts the flow of a medium through a valve arranged outside the switching magnet, depending on the piston position.

Das Dokument EP 2 164 081 A2 offenbart so einen Schaltmagneten, bei dem der Kolbenpositionsdetektor durch zwei mechanische Kontakte gebildet ist. Je nach Schaltposition des Kolbens des Schaltmagneten wird entweder der eine oder der andere mechanische Kontakt geschlossen. Das Vorsehen von mechanischen Kontakten hat den Nachteil von zusätzlicher Reibung und einem mechanischen Verschleiß der Kontakte.The document EP 2 164 081 A2 discloses a switching magnet in which the piston position detector is formed by two mechanical contacts. Depending on the switching position of the piston of the solenoid either one or the other mechanical contact is closed. The provision of mechanical contacts has the disadvantage of additional friction and mechanical wear of the contacts.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde einen Schaltmagneten mit Kolbenpositionsdetektor zu schaffen, bei dem die vorstehend angeführten Nachteile vermieden sind. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabestellung dadurch gelöst, dass der Kolbenpositionsdetektor durch zumindest einen eine magnetische Flussdichte im magnetischen Kreis erzeugenden Permanentmagneten und einen im Bereich des magnetischen Kreises angeordneten Magnetfeldsensor gebildet ist, die beide im Bezug auf die Erregerspule unverstellbar befestigt in dem Schaltmagneten vorgesehen sind, und wobei der Kolbenpositionsdetektor Auswertemittel aufweist, die zur Detektion der Kolbenposition die von dem Magnetfeldsensor gemessene, von der Schaltposition des Kolbens abhängige magnetische Flussdichte im magnetischen Kreis auswerten.The invention has for its object to provide a solenoid with piston position detector, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages are avoided. According to the invention, this task is solved in that the piston position detector is formed by at least one magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit generating permanent magnet and arranged in the magnetic circuit magnetic field sensor, both of which are provided with respect to the excitation coil immovably fixed in the switching magnet, and wherein the piston position detector has evaluation means which, for the detection of the piston position, evaluate the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit measured by the magnetic field sensor and dependent on the switching position of the piston.

Hierdurch ist der Vorteil erhalten, dass die Detektion der aktuellen Position des Kolbens im Schaltmagneten berührungslos erfolgt. Da der Magnetfeldsensor nicht das von der Erregerspule nur zum Umschalten der Schaltposition des Kolbes erzeugte Magnetfeld, sondern das immer durch den Permanentmagneten vorhandene Magnetfeld detektiert, kann die Detektion der Kolbenposition immer dann erfolgen, wenn der Kolben eine seiner zwei möglichen Schaltpositionen eingenommen hat.As a result, the advantage is obtained that the detection of the current position of the piston in the switching magnet takes place without contact. Since the magnetic field sensor does not detect the magnetic field generated by the exciting coil only for switching the switching position of the piston, but the magnetic field always present through the permanent magnet, the detection of the piston position can always take place when the piston has assumed one of its two possible switching positions.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass Positionsdetektoren bekannt sind, bei denen auf dem bewegten Teil (z.B. Verriegelungsbolzen oder Kolben) ein Permanentmagnet befestigt ist und mit einem stillstehenden Magnetfeldsensor detektiert wird, ob der Permanentmagnet nahe (z.B. erste Schaltposition) oder weit entfernt (z.B. zweite Schaltposition) von dem Magnetfeldsensor entfernt ist. Erfindungsgemäß kann auf diesen für den Positionsdetektor zusätzlichen Permanentmagneten auf dem bewegten Teil (Kolben des Schaltmagenten) verzichtet werden, da das Magnetfeld des Permanentmagneten zur Positionsdetektion ausgenutzt wird, der zum Halten des Kolbens in seiner zweiten Schaltposition vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch können Kosten bei der Herstellung des Schaltmagneten eingespart werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass der Kolben ohne einem auf dem Kolben befestigten Permanentmagneten leichter und beweglicher ausgeführt werden kann, was sowohl bezüglich der Schaltgeschwindigkeit als auch für die zum Schalten nötige Stromstärke des Schaltstroms vorteilhaft ist.It may be mentioned that position detectors are known in which on the Moving part (eg locking pin or piston) is a permanent magnet is fixed and detected with a stationary magnetic field sensor, whether the permanent magnet is close (eg first switching position) or far away (eg second switching position) of the magnetic field sensor. According to the invention can be dispensed with this additional for the position detector permanent magnet on the moving part (piston of the switching magpie), since the magnetic field of the permanent magnet is used for position detection, which is provided for holding the piston in its second switching position. As a result, costs can be saved in the production of the solenoid. It is particularly advantageous that the piston without a permanent magnet mounted on the piston can be made lighter and more mobile, which is advantageous both in terms of the switching speed and for the current required for switching current of the switching current.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Systems werden im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt einen bistabilen Schaltmagneten gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
  • Figur 2 zeigt die von dem Hallsensor des Schaltmagneten gemäß Figur 1 gemessene magnetische Flussdichte in Abhängigkeit der Schaltposition des Kolbens.
  • Figur 3 zeigt einen bistabilen Schaltmagneten gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem ein zweiter Permanentmagnet vorgesehen ist.
Further advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bistable switching magnet according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows that of the Hall sensor of the solenoid according to FIG. 1 measured magnetic flux density as a function of the switching position of the piston.
  • FIG. 3 shows a bistable switching magnet according to a second embodiment, in which a second permanent magnet is provided.

Figur 1 zeigt einen bistabilen Schaltmagneten 1 als Teil eines bistabilen Membranventils, das gemäß diesem Beispiel zum Absperren oder Freigeben einer Wasserleitung eines Autos ausgebildet ist. Das Wasser wird dem Membranventil in ein Volumen zugeführt und über ein weiteres Volumen von dem Membranventil wieder abgegeben. Der Schaltmagnet 1 weist einen Kolben 4 auf, der in Figur 1 in seiner ersten Schaltposition dargestellt ist. In dieser ersten Schaltposition drückt eine Feder 5 einen Anschlagring 6 mit einer Federkraft FK in Richtung R gegen eine Anschlagfläche 7 des Gehäuses des Schaltmagneten 1. In dieser Schaltposition sind das Volumen und das weitere Volumen miteinander verbunden und es ist der Wasserfluss in der Leitung von dem Membranventil freigegeben. Der Kolben 4 ist gegen die Federkraft FK entgegen der Richtung R in eine zweite Schaltposition verschiebbar. In dieser zweiten Schaltposition dichtet ein in den Figuren nicht dargestelltes Dichtelement das Volumen gegen das weitere Volumen ab, weshalb der Wasserfluss in der Leitung unterbrochen ist. Erfindungsgemäße Schaltmagnete sind für eine Vielzahl anderer Anwendungsbeispiele verwendbar, auf die in dieser Beschreibung nicht näher eingegangen ist. FIG. 1 shows a bistable solenoid 1 as part of a bistable diaphragm valve, which is designed according to this example for shutting off or releasing a water pipe of a car. The water is supplied to the diaphragm valve in a volume and discharged through another volume of the diaphragm valve again. The solenoid 1 has a piston 4, which in FIG. 1 is shown in its first switching position. In this first switching position, a spring 5 presses a stop ring 6 with a spring force FK in the direction R against a stop surface 7 of the housing of the solenoid 1. In this switching position, the volume and the other volume are connected together and it is the water flow in the line of the Diaphragm valve released. The piston 4 is displaceable against the spring force FK against the direction R in a second switching position. In this second switching position, a sealing element, not shown in the figures seals the volume against the other volume, so that the flow of water is interrupted in the line. Switching magnets according to the invention can be used for a large number of other application examples, which are not discussed in more detail in this description.

Der Schaltmagnet 1 ist bistabil ausgebildet, weshalb der Kolben 4 entweder in seiner ersten Schaltposition oder in seiner zweiten Schaltposition gehalten positioniert ist. Die Feder 5 hält den Kolben 4 mit der Federkraft FK in seiner ersten Schaltposition. Der Schaltmagnet 1 weist weiters einen Permanentmagneten 8 auf, der über einen Polkern 9 eine magnetische Anziehungskraft MK entgegen der Richtung R auf den Kolben 4 ausübt. Wenn der Kolben 4 in seiner ersten Schaltposition verstellt ist, dann ist die magnetische Anziehungskraft MK zu schwach, um den Kolben 4 von seiner ersten Schaltposition in seine zweite Schaltposition zu verstellen. Wenn der Kolben 4 in seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist, dann ist die Federkraft FK zu schwach, um den Kolben 4 von seiner zweiten Schaltposition in seine erste Schaltposition zu verstellen.The solenoid 1 is formed bistable, which is why the piston 4 is positioned either held in its first switching position or in its second switching position. The spring 5 holds the piston 4 with the spring force FK in its first switching position. The switching magnet 1 further has a permanent magnet 8 which exerts a magnetic attraction force MK against the direction R on the piston 4 via a pole core 9. When the piston 4 is adjusted in its first switching position, the magnetic attraction force MK is too weak to move the piston 4 from its first switching position to its second switching position. When the piston 4 is adjusted to its second switching position, then the spring force FK is too weak to move the piston 4 from its second switching position to its first switching position.

Der Schaltmagnet 1 weist nunmehr weiters eine Erregerspule 10 auf, in die ein Schaltstrom (Gleichstrom) mit einer ersten Polung eingespeist werden kann, um den Kolben 4 von seiner ersten Schaltposition in seine zweite Schaltposition zu verstellen, und in die ein Schaltstrom mit einer zweiten Polung eingespeist werden kann, um den Kolben 4 von seiner zweiten Schaltposition in seine erste Schaltposition zu verstellen.The solenoid 1 now further comprises an excitation coil 10, in which a switching current (DC) can be fed with a first polarity to move the piston 4 from its first switching position to its second switching position, and in a switching current with a second polarity can be fed to adjust the piston 4 from its second switching position to its first switching position.

Der Schaltmagnet 1 weist weiters einen Kolbenpositionsdetektor zur Detektion auf, ob der Kolben in seine erste oder seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist. Anhand dieser Information von dem Kolbenpositionsdetektor kann beispielsweise die KFZ-Elektronik den Schaltzustand des Kolbens 4 überprüfen und bei Abweichungen vom Soll-Zustand entsprechende Maßnahmen einleiten. Der Kolbenpositionsdetektor umfasst einen Hallsensor 11, den Permanentmagneten 8 und Auswertemittel, die in der Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellt sind.The shift solenoid 1 further includes a piston position detector for detecting whether the piston is adjusted to its first or second shift position. On the basis of this information from the piston position detector, for example, the vehicle electronics check the switching state of the piston 4 and initiate appropriate measures in case of deviations from the desired state. The piston position detector comprises a Hall sensor 11, the permanent magnet 8 and evaluation means, which in the FIG. 1 are not shown in detail.

In dem Schaltmagneten 1 bildet sich ein magnetischer Kreis aus, über den der magnetische Fluss des Permanentmagneten 8 von dem Permanentmagneten 8 über den Polkern 9, den Kolben 4 und den Luftspalt zwischen dem Kolben 4 und dem Polkern 9 oder dem Gehäuse, über das Gehäuse des Schaltmagneten 1 zum Permanentmagneten 8 geleitet wird. Sobald ein Schaltstrom in die Erregerspule 10 eingeprägt wird überlagert sich der magnetische Fluss der Erregerspule dem magnetischen Fluss des Permanentmagneten 8, wodurch der Kolben 4 zwischen seinen beiden Schaltpositionen verstellt wird.In the switching magnet 1, a magnetic circuit is formed, via which the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8 from the permanent magnet 8 via the pole core 9, the piston 4 and the air gap between the piston 4 and the pole core 9 or the housing, is passed through the housing of the switching magnet 1 to the permanent magnet 8. As soon as a switching current is impressed into the excitation coil 10, the magnetic flux of the excitation coil superimposed on the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8, whereby the piston 4 is adjusted between its two switching positions.

Der Hallsensor 11 ist nunmehr zwischen Kolben 4 und dem Gehäuse im Bereich des magnetischen Kreises angebracht, weshalb der Hallsensor 11 die magnetische Flussdichte in dem magnetischen Kreis misst. In der Figur 2 ist eine Messkennlinie M der von dem Hallsensor 11 gemessenen Flussdichte in Millitesla [mT] in Abhängigkeit der Länge in Millimeter [mm] des Luftspalts des Kolbens 4 zum Polkern 9 dargestellt. Wenn der Kolben 4 in seine, in der Figur 1 dargestellte, erste Schaltposition verstellt ist, dann ist die Länge des Luftspalts in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 3,5 mm und der Hallsensor 11 misst eine magnetische Flussdichte von etwa 5 mT. Wenn andererseits der Kolben 4 in seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist, dann ist die Länge des Luftspalts etwa 0 mm und der Hallsensor 11 misst eine magnetische Flussdichte von etwa 24 mT. Diese Messwerte ergeben sich durch das Magnetfeld des Permanentmagneten 8 und sind von dessen Magnetfeldstärke und anderen Einflussfaktoren in dem magnetischen Kreis abhängig.The Hall sensor 11 is now mounted between the piston 4 and the housing in the region of the magnetic circuit, which is why the Hall sensor 11 measures the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit. In the FIG. 2 a measurement characteristic M of the flux density measured in millitesla [mT] by the Hall sensor 11 as a function of the length in millimeters [mm] of the air gap of the piston 4 to the pole core 9 is shown. When the piston 4 in his, in the FIG. 1 shown, first switching position is adjusted, then the length of the air gap in this embodiment is 3.5 mm and the Hall sensor 11 measures a magnetic flux density of about 5 mT. On the other hand, when the piston 4 is adjusted to its second switching position, the length of the air gap is about 0 mm and the Hall sensor 11 measures a magnetic flux density of about 24 mT. These measured values result from the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 8 and are dependent on its magnetic field strength and other influencing factors in the magnetic circuit.

Auswertemittel des Kolbenpositionsdetektors sind nunmehr dazu ausgebildet zu detektieren, dass der Kolben 4 in seine erste Schaltposition verstellt ist, wenn die gemessene magnetische Flussdichte kleiner als ein unterer Schwellwert OS von 7 mT ist. Weiters detektieren die Auswertemittel des Kolbenpositionsdetektors, dass der Kolben 4 in seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist, wenn die gemessene magnetische Flussdichte größer als ein oberer Schwellwert US von 18 mT ist. Durch die Abhängigkeit des magnetischen Flusses im magnetischen Kreis von der Schaltposition des Kolbens 4 und der Anwendung des oberen Schwellwertes OS und unteren Schwellwertes US ist der Vorteil erhalten, dass der Kolbenpositionsdetektor berührungslos und ohne einen zusätzlichen Permanentmagneten die Schaltposition des Kolbes 4 detektieren kann. Die angegebenen Schwellwerte sind als Beispiel zu verstehen und sind von der jeweiligen Konstruktion des Schaltmagneten und der Magnetfeldstärke des Permanentmagneten abhängig.Evaluation means of the piston position detector are now adapted to detect that the piston 4 is adjusted to its first switching position when the measured magnetic flux density is smaller than a lower threshold OS of 7 mT. Furthermore, the evaluation means of the piston position detector detects that the piston 4 is adjusted to its second switching position when the measured magnetic flux density is greater than an upper threshold value US of 18 mT. The dependence of the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit on the switching position of the piston 4 and the application of the upper threshold OS and lower threshold US has the advantage that the piston position detector can detect the switching position of the piston 4 without contact and without an additional permanent magnet. The specified threshold values are to be understood as an example and depend on the particular design of the switching magnet and the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet.

Der Hallsensor 11 kann als Schwellwertschalter ausgebildet sein, der vorteilhafterweise hierdurch auch bereits die Auswertung der Auswertemittel übernimmt. Hierdurch kann somit auf gesonderte Auswertemittel verzichtet werden.The Hall sensor 11 may be formed as a threshold value switch, which advantageously thereby already takes over the evaluation of the evaluation. As a result, it is thus possible to dispense with separate evaluation means.

In Figur 3 ist ein Schaltmagnet 12 als zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Der Schaltmagnet 12 weist denselben Aufbau wie der Schaltmagnet 1 auf, wobei zusätzlich ein zweiter Permanentmagnet 13 als Teil des Kolbenpositionsdetektors an der Seite des Hallsensors 11 am Kolben 4 befestigt ist. Der zweite Permanentmagnet 13 kann zur Beeinflussung der magnetischen Flussdichte am Magnetfeldsensor verwendet werden. Für einige Magnetfeldsensoren ist ein um den 0-Punkt symmetrisches Signal vorteilhaft. In diesem Fall wird der zweite Permanentmagnet 13 umgekehrt gepolt wie der Permanentmagnet 8.In FIG. 3 a solenoid 12 is shown as a second embodiment of the invention. The switching magnet 12 has the same structure as the switching magnet 1, wherein additionally a second permanent magnet 13 is attached as part of the piston position detector on the side of the Hall sensor 11 on the piston 4. The second permanent magnet 13 can be used to influence the magnetic flux density at the magnetic field sensor. For some magnetic field sensors, a signal symmetric about the 0-point is advantageous. In this case, the second permanent magnet 13 is reversely poled as the permanent magnet. 8

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen für den Permanentmagneten 8 dem Fachmann aus anderen Fachgebieten bekannte NdFeB-Magnete zu verwenden. Diese NdFeB-Magnete zeichnen sich durch ihre große Magnetfeldstärke bei relativ geringem Volumen des Permanentmagneten aus.It has proven advantageous for the permanent magnet 8 to use NdFeB magnets known to those skilled in the art from other fields. These NdFeB magnets are characterized by their large magnetic field strength with relatively small volume of the permanent magnet.

Die Position des Hallsensors 11 unmittelbar neben dem in seiner ersten Schaltposition verstellten Kolben 4 hat sich aus konstruktiven Überlegungen als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Auch andere Positionen des Hallsensors 11 im Bereich des magnetischen Kreises oder des Streufeldes des Magnetkreises wären für die Messung der magnetischen Flussdichte im magnetischen Kreis möglich.The position of the Hall sensor 11 immediately adjacent to the displaced in its first switching position piston 4 has proved advantageous for constructive considerations. Other positions of the Hall sensor 11 in the region of the magnetic circuit or the stray field of the magnetic circuit would be possible for the measurement of the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass auch andere Magnetfeldsensoren zum Einsatz kommen könnten.It may be mentioned that other magnetic field sensors could also be used.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kolbenpositionsdetektor auch drei oder mehr Schaltpositionen des Kolbens detektiert werden könnten. Für jede zu detektierende Schaltposition müsste ein Schwellwert der magnetischen Flussdichte festgelegt werden, der der jeweiligen Länge des Luftspaltes zwischen Kolben 4 und Polkern 9 entspricht.It may be mentioned that three or more switching positions of the piston could also be detected with the piston position detector according to the invention. For each switching position to be detected, a threshold value of the magnetic flux density would have to be determined which corresponds to the respective length of the air gap between the piston 4 and the pole core 9.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass der bistabile Schaltmagnet auch auf jeder Seite des Kolbens einen Permanentmagneten aufweisen könnte, wobei in diesem Fall die Feder 5 nicht notwendig wäre und jeder der Permanentmagneten den Kolben in einer der zwei Schaltpositionen halten würde. Weiters können dafür auch Anordnungen mit zwei Spulen und einen radialen Permanentmagneten zwischen den Spulen eingesetzt werden.It may be mentioned that the bistable solenoid could also have a permanent magnet on each side of the piston, in which case the spring 5 would not be necessary and each of the permanent magnets would hold the piston in one of the two shift positions. Furthermore, it is also possible to use arrangements with two coils and a radial permanent magnet between the coils.

Gemäß einem in den Figuren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung könnte der Schaltmagnet eine mit einem Datenbus verbindbare Ansteuerelektronik aufweisen, der von dem Datenbus eine Schaltinformation zuführbar ist und die zum Auswerten der Schaltinformation und zum Abgeben des Schaltstroms an die Erregerspule ausgebildet ist. Als Datenbusprotokoll hat sich das Protokoll gemäß einem sogenannten LIN-Bus (Local Interconnected Network) bei Anwendungen im Automobilbereich als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Im Automobilbereich kann der bistabile Schaltmagnet auch in einem Schaltventil vorgesehen sein, mit dem beispielsweise die Wasser- oder Ölzufuhr geregelt wird. Hierdurch ist der Vorteil erhalten, dass eine ebenfalls mit dem LIN-Bus verbundene Steuereinheit eines Autos über nur eine Datenleitung die Schaltinformation an das bistabile Schaltventil abgeben kann, wodurch Kosten gespart werden können und eine digitale Verarbeitung ermöglicht ist. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei, dass von den Auswertemitteln des Kolbepositionsdetektors eine Positionsinformation an die Ansteuerelektronik abgegeben werden kann, die zu bestimmten Zeiten (z.B. alle drei Sekunden) und/oder auf Anfrage der Steuereinheit des Autos die Positionsinformation über den Datenbus an die Steuereinheit abgibt. Hierdurch ist die Steuereinheit des Autos immer über die aktuelle Position des Kolbens des bistabilen Schaltventils informiert, wodurch die Fehlersuche in der Werkstatt wesentlich vereinfacht ist.According to an embodiment of the invention, not shown in the figures, the solenoid could have a connectable to a data bus control electronics, the from the data bus, a switching information can be fed and which is designed to evaluate the switching information and for outputting the switching current to the excitation coil. As a data bus protocol, the protocol according to a so-called LIN bus (Local Interconnected Network) has proven to be advantageous in automotive applications. In the automotive sector, the bistable solenoid can also be provided in a switching valve, with the example, the water or oil supply is controlled. As a result, the advantage is obtained that a likewise connected to the LIN bus control unit of a car via only one data line can deliver the switching information to the bistable switching valve, whereby costs can be saved and digital processing is possible. It is particularly advantageous that the evaluation means of the Kolbepositionsdetektors a position information can be delivered to the control electronics, which at certain times (eg every three seconds) and / or on request of the control unit of the car outputs the position information via the data bus to the control unit. As a result, the control unit of the car is always informed about the current position of the piston of the bistable switching valve, whereby the troubleshooting in the workshop is much easier.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass es für die Erfindung unerheblich ist an welcher Position im magnetischen Kreis der unverstellbar befestigte Permanentmagnet vorgesehen ist. Dies deshalb, da es für die Funktionsweise des Kolbenpositionsdetektors nur wichtig ist, dass eine magnetische Flussdichte in dem magnetischen Kreis vorhanden ist, deren Änderung der Kolbenpositionsdetektor detektieren kann. Hierdurch ist eine große konstruktive Freiheit bei der Konstruktion des Schaltmagneten gegeben.It may be mentioned that it is irrelevant to the invention at which position in the magnetic circuit the non-fixably mounted permanent magnet is provided. This is because it is only important for the operation of the piston position detector that a magnetic flux density is present in the magnetic circuit, the change of which the piston position detector can detect. As a result, a great deal of design freedom in the design of the solenoid is given.

Es kann erwähnt werden, dass der zweite Permanentmagnet 13 die magnetische Flussdichte des Permanentmagneten 8 abschwächend oder verstärkend gepolt sein kann. Die Polung als abschwächend hat sich in dem Ausführungsbeispiel als vorteilhaft erwiesen.It may be mentioned that the second permanent magnet 13, the magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet 8 may be mitigated weakening or amplifying. The polarity as attenuating has proven to be advantageous in the embodiment.

Claims (12)

Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (1; 12) mit einer Erregerspule (10) und einem, gegenüber der Erregerspule (10) durch einen Schaltstrom in der Erregerspule (10) in eine erste Schaltposition und eine zweite Schaltposition, verstellbaren Kolben (4) und mit einem Kolbenpositionsdetektor zur Detektion, ob der Kolben (4) in seine erste oder seine zweite Schaltposition verstellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Kolbenpositionsdetektor durch zumindest einen eine magnetische Flussdichte im magnetischen Kreis erzeugenden Permanentmagneten (8; 13) und einen im Bereich des magnetischen Kreises angeordneten Magnetfeldsensor (11) gebildet ist, die beide im Bezug auf die Erregerspule (10) unverstellbar befestigt in dem Schaltmagneten (1; 12) vorgesehen sind, und wobei der Kolbenpositionsdetektor Auswertemittel aufweist, die zur Detektion der Kolbenposition die von dem Magnetfeldsensor (11) gemessene, von der Schaltposition des Kolbens (4) abhängige magnetische Flussdichte im magnetischen Kreis auswerten.A bistable solenoid (1; 12) having an exciter coil (10) and a piston (4) opposite the exciter coil (10) by a switching current in the exciter coil (10) into a first switching position and a second switching position, and having a piston position detector Detecting whether the piston (4) is adjusted to its first or second switching position, characterized in that
the piston position detector is formed by at least one permanent magnet (8; 13) generating a magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit and a magnetic field sensor (11) arranged in the region of the magnetic circuit, both of which are fixed immovably in the shift magnet (1) with respect to the exciter coil (10) 12), and wherein the piston position detector has evaluation means which, for the detection of the piston position, evaluate the magnetic flux density in the magnetic circuit which is measured by the magnetic field sensor (11) and is dependent on the switching position of the piston (4). Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (1; 12) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Feder (5) vorgesehen ist, die den Kolben (4) in seine erste Schaltposition drückt, und dass der Permanentmagnet (8), entgegen der Federkraft (FK), den Kolben (4) in der zweiten Schaltposition hält, wobei der Kolben (4) durch den Schaltstrom, abhängig von seiner Polarität, in die erste Schaltposition und die zweite Schaltposition verstellbar ist.Bistable switching magnet (1; 12) according to claim 1, characterized in that a spring (5) is provided, which presses the piston (4) in its first switching position, and that the permanent magnet (8), against the spring force (FK), holding the piston (4) in the second switching position, wherein the piston (4) is adjustable by the switching current, depending on its polarity, in the first switching position and the second switching position. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (1; 12) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Permanentmagnet (8) durch einen NdFeB-Magnet gebildet ist.Bistable switching magnet (1; 12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (8) is formed by a NdFeB magnet. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (1; 12) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldsensor (11) unmittelbar neben dem in seine erste Schaltposition verstellten Kolben (4) vorgesehen ist.Bistable switching magnet (1; 12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field sensor (11) is provided immediately adjacent to the displaced into its first switching position piston (4). Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (12) gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im magnetischen Kreis, in unmittelbarer Nähe und insbesondere zwischen dem in seine erste Schaltposition verstellen Kolben (4) und dem Magnetfeldsensor (11) ein zweiter Permanentmagnet (13) am Kolben (4) und insbesondere im Kolben befestigt vorgesehen ist.Bistable switching magnet (12) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the magnetic circuit, in close proximity and in particular between the displaced into its first switching position piston (4) and the magnetic field sensor (11) has a second permanent magnet (13) on the piston (4) and in particular attached in the piston is provided. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet (1; 12) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldsensor (11) durch einen Hallsensor gebildet ist, der als linearer Hallsensor oder als Schwellwertschalter ausgebildet ist.Bistable switching magnet (1, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field sensor (11) is formed by a Hall sensor, which is designed as a linear Hall sensor or as a threshold value. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldsensor zur Detektion der axialen Komponente des magnetischen Flusses angeordnet ist.Bistable switching magnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field sensor for detecting the axial component of the magnetic flux is arranged. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetfeldsensor außerhalb der Achse des Schaltmagneten zur Detektion der axialen und/oder radialen Komponente des magnetischen Flusses angeordnet ist.Bistable switching magnet according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the magnetic field sensor is arranged outside the axis of the switching magnet for detecting the axial and / or radial component of the magnetic flux. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine mit einem Datenbus verbindbare Ansteuerelektronik vorgesehen ist, der von dem Datenbus eine Schaltinformation zuführbar ist und die zum Auswerten der Schaltinformation und zum Abgeben des Schaltstroms an die Erregerspule ausgebildet ist.Bistable switching magnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a connectable to a data bus control electronics is provided, which is supplied from the data bus, a switching information and which is designed to evaluate the switching information and outputting the switching current to the excitation coil. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Datenbus durch einen LIN-Bus gebildet ist.Bistable switching magnet according to claim 9, characterized in that the data bus is formed by a LIN bus. Bistabiler Schaltmagnet gemäß einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von den Auswertemitteln des Kolbepositionsdetektors eine Positionsinformation an die Ansteuerelektronik abgebbar ist, die zu bestimmten Zeiten und/oder auf Anfrage zum Abgeben der Positionsinformation über den Datenbus ausgebildet ist.Bistable switching magnet according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the evaluation means of Kolbeppositionsdetektors position information to the control electronics can be issued, which is formed at certain times and / or on request for outputting the position information on the data bus. Bistabiles Schaltventil zum Öffnen oder Schießen der Verbindung zwischen einem ersten Volumen und einem zweiten Volumen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bistabile Schaltmagnet (1; 12) gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche vorgesehen ist und, dass der Kolben (4) mit einem Dichtelement verbunden ist, das in der ersten oder in der zweiten Schaltposition des Kolbens (4) ein erstes Volumen im Gehäuse des Schaltventils gegenüber einem zweiten Volumen in dem Gehäuse des Schaltventils abdichtet, wobei die beiden Volumina in der zweiten bzw. der ersten Schaltposition des Kolbens (4) miteinander verbunden sind.Bistable switching valve for opening or shooting the connection between a first volume and a second volume, characterized in that the bistable switching magnet (1; 12) is provided according to one of the preceding claims and that the piston (4) is connected to a sealing element, in the first or in the second switching position of the piston (4) seals a first volume in the housing of the switching valve relative to a second volume in the housing of the switching valve, wherein the two volumes in the second and the first switching position of the piston (4) with each other are connected.
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