EP2567065A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour la production de pétrole et/ou de gaz - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour la production de pétrole et/ou de gaz

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Publication number
EP2567065A1
EP2567065A1 EP11721867A EP11721867A EP2567065A1 EP 2567065 A1 EP2567065 A1 EP 2567065A1 EP 11721867 A EP11721867 A EP 11721867A EP 11721867 A EP11721867 A EP 11721867A EP 2567065 A1 EP2567065 A1 EP 2567065A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
oil
formation
gas
well
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11721867A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Appel
Subhash Chandra Bose Ayirala
Amy L.O. Blackwell
Carolus Petrus Adrianus Blom
Zheyi Chen
Ralf Hedden
Andreas Nicholas Matzakos
Ernesto Uehara-Nagamine
William Otto MICKELSON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell USA Inc
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Shell Oil Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV, Shell Oil Co filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP2567065A1 publication Critical patent/EP2567065A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/20—Displacing by water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for producing oil and/or gas.
  • EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery
  • thermal thermal
  • chemical/polymer chemical/polymer
  • gas injection gas injection
  • Thermal enhanced recovery works by adding heat to the reservoir.
  • the most widely practiced form is a steam drive, which reduces oil viscosity so that it can flow to the producing wells.
  • Chemical flooding increases recovery by reducing the capillary forces that trap residual oil.
  • Polymer flooding improves the sweep efficiency of injected water.
  • Miscible injection works in a similar way to chemical flooding. By injecting a fluid that is miscible with the oil, trapped residual oil can be recovered.
  • System 100 includes underground formation 102, underground formation 104, underground formation 106, and underground formation 108.
  • Production facility 1 10 is provided at the surface.
  • Well 1 12 traverses formations 102 and 104, and terminates in formation 106.
  • the portion of formation 106 is shown at 1 14.
  • Oil and gas are produced from formation 106 through well 1 12, to production facility 1 10. Gas and liquid are separated from each other, gas is stored in gas storage 1 16 and liquid is stored in liquid storage 1 18.
  • U.S. Patent Number 5,826,656 discloses a method for recovering waterflood residual oil from a waterflooded oil-bearing subterranean formation penetrated from an earth surface by at least one well by injecting an oil miscible solvent into a waterflood residual oil-bearing lower portion of the oil-bearing subterranean formation through a well completed for injection of the oil miscible solvent into the lower portion of the oil-bearing formation; continuing the injection of the oil miscible solvent into the lower portion of the oil-bearing formation for a period of time equal to at least one week; recompleting the well for production of quantities of the oil miscible solvent and quantities of waterflood residual oil from an upper portion of the oil-bearing formation; and producing quantities of the oil miscible solvent and waterflood residual oil from the upper portion of the oil- bearing formation.
  • the formation may have previously been both waterflooded and oil miscible solvent flooded.
  • the solvent may be injected through
  • PCT Patent Application Publication WO 2010/02693 discloses a method comprising recovering a carbon source from a formation; converting at least a portion of the carbon source to a synthesis gas; converting at least a portion of the synthesis gas to an ether; and injecting at least a portion of the ether into the formation.
  • PCT Patent Application Publication WO 2008/141051 discloses a system for producing oil and/or gas from an underground formation including a well above the formation; a mechanism to inject an enhanced oil recovery formulation into the formation, the enhanced oil recovery formulation including dimethyl ether; and a mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation.
  • the invention provides a system for producing oil and/or gas from an underground formation comprising a well above the formation; a mechanism to inject an enhanced oil recovery formulation into the formation, the enhanced oil recovery formulation comprising water and an additive; and a mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation.
  • the invention provides a method for producing oil and/or gas comprising injecting water and an additive into a formation from a first well; and producing oil and/or gas from the formation from a second well.
  • Advantages of the invention include one or more of the following:
  • Figure 1 illustrates an oil and/or gas production system.
  • Figure 2a illustrates a well pattern
  • Figures 2b and 2c illustrate the well pattern of Figure 2a during enhanced oil recovery processes.
  • FIGS 3a-3c illustrate oil and/or gas production systems.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an oil and/or gas production method.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a list of suitable waterflood additives.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a list of suitable waterflood additives.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the incremental recovery with the use of a waterflood additive.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the incremental recovery with the use of waterflood additives of different concentrations.
  • Array 200 includes well group 202 (denoted by horizontal lines) and well group 204 (denoted by diagonal lines).
  • Each well in well group 202 has horizontal distance 230 from the adjacent well in well group 202.
  • Each well in well group 202 has vertical distance 232 from the adjacent well in well group 202.
  • Each well in well group 204 has horizontal distance 236 from the adjacent well in well group 204.
  • Each well in well group 204 has vertical distance 238 from the adjacent well in well group 204.
  • Each well in well group 202 is distance 234 from the adjacent wells in well group 204.
  • Each well in well group 204 is distance 234 from the adjacent wells in well group 202.
  • each well in well group 202 is surrounded by four wells in well group 204. In some embodiments, each well in well group 204 is surrounded by four wells in well group 202.
  • horizontal distance 230 is from about 5 to about 1000 meters, or from about 10 to about 500 meters, or from about 20 to about 250 meters, or from about 30 to about 200 meters, or from about 50 to about 150 meters, or from about 90 to about 120 meters, or about 100 meters.
  • vertical distance 232 is from about 5 to about 1000 meters, or from about 10 to about 500 meters, or from about 20 to about 250 meters, or from about 30 to about 200 meters, or from about 50 to about 150 meters, or from about 90 to about 120 meters, or about 100 meters.
  • horizontal distance 236 is from about 5 to about 1000 meters, or from about 10 to about 500 meters, or from about 20 to about 250 meters, or from about 30 to about 200 meters, or from about 50 to about 150 meters, or from about 90 to about 120 meters, or about 100 meters.
  • vertical distance 238 is from about 5 to about 1000 meters, or from about 10 to about 500 meters, or from about 20 to about 250 meters, or from about 30 to about 200 meters, or from about 50 to about 150 meters, or from about 90 to about 120 meters, or about 100 meters.
  • distance 234 is from about 5 to about 1000 meters, or from about 1 0 to about 500 meters, or from about 20 to about 250 meters, or from about 30 to about 200 meters, or from about 50 to about 1 50 meters, or from about 90 to about 1 20 meters, or about 100 meters.
  • array of wells 200 may have from about 1 0 to about
  • 1 000 wells for example from about 5 to about 500 wells in well group 202, and from about 5 to about 500 wells in well group 204.
  • array of wells 200 is seen as a top view with well group 202 and well group 204 being vertical wells spaced on a piece of land. In some embodiments, array of wells 200 is seen as a cross-sectional side view with well group 202 and well group 204 being horizontal wells spaced within a formation.
  • array of wells 200 is illustrated.
  • Array 200 includes well group 202 (denoted by horizontal lines) and well group 204 (denoted by diagonal lines).
  • a water flooding mixture is injected into well group 204, and oil is recovered from well group 202.
  • the water flooding mixture has injection profile 208, and oil recovery profile 206 is being produced to well group 202.
  • a water flooding mixture is injected into well group
  • the water flooding mixture has injection profile 206, and oil recovery profile 208 is being produced to well group 204.
  • well group 202 may be used for injecting a water flooding mixture, and well group 204 may be used for producing oil and/or gas from the formation for a first time period; then well group 204 may be used for injecting a water flooding mixture, and well group 202 may be used for producing oil and/or gas from the formation for a second time period, where the first and second time periods comprise a cycle.
  • multiple cycles may be conducted which include alternating well groups 202 and 204 between injecting a water flooding mixture, and producing oil and/or gas from the formation, where one well group is injecting and the other is producing for a first time period, and then they are switched for a second time period.
  • a cycle may be from about 12 hours to about 1 year, or from about 3 days to about 6 months, or from about 5 days to about 3 months.
  • each cycle may increase in time, for example each cycle may be from about 5% to about 10% longer than the previous cycle, for example about 8% longer.
  • a water flooding mixture may be injected at the beginning of a cycle, and an immiscible enhanced oil recovery agent or a mixture including an immiscible enhanced oil recovery agent may be injected at the end of the cycle.
  • the beginning of a cycle may be the first 10% to about 80% of a cycle, or the first 20% to about 60% of a cycle, the first 25% to about 40% of a cycle, and the end may be the remainder of the cycle.
  • array of wells 200 is illustrated.
  • Array 200 includes well group 202 (denoted by horizontal lines) and well group 204 (denoted by diagonal lines).
  • a water flooding mixture is injected into well group 204, and oil is recovered from well group 202.
  • the water flooding mixture has injection profile 208 with overlap 210 with oil recovery profile 206, which is being produced to well group 202.
  • a water flooding mixture is injected into well group 202, and oil is recovered from well group 204.
  • the water flooding mixture has injection profile 206 with overlap 210 with oil recovery profile 208, which is being produced to well group 204.
  • the recovery of oil and/or gas with array of wells 200 from an underground formation may be accomplished by any known method. Suitable methods include subsea production, surface production, primary, secondary, or tertiary production. The selection of the method used to recover the oil and/or gas from the
  • underground formation is not critical.
  • oil and/or gas may be recovered from a formation into a well, and flow through the well and flowline to a facility.
  • enhanced oil recovery water with the use of an added agent for example a surfactant, a polymer, and/or a miscible agent such as a dimethyl ether formulation or carbon dioxide, may be used to increase the flow of oil and/or gas from the formation.
  • an added agent for example a surfactant, a polymer, and/or a miscible agent such as a dimethyl ether formulation or carbon dioxide
  • Releasing at least a portion of the water flooding mixture and/or other liquids and/or gases may be accomplished by any known method.
  • One suitable method is injecting the water flooding mixture into a single conduit in a single well, allowing the water flooding mixture to soak, and then pumping out at least a portion of the water flooding mixture with gas and/or liquids.
  • Another suitable method is injecting the water flooding mixture into a first well, and pumping out at least a portion of the water flooding mixture with gas and/or liquids through a second well.
  • the selection of the method used to inject at least a portion of the water flooding mixture and/or other liquids and/or gases is not critical.
  • the water flooding mixture and/or other liquids and/or gases may be pumped into a formation at a pressure up to the fracture pressure of the formation.
  • the water flooding mixture may be mixed in with oil and/or gas in a formation to form a mixture which may be recovered from a well.
  • a quantity of the water flooding mixture may be injected into a well, followed by another component to force the formulation across the formation.
  • air, water in liquid or vapor form, carbon dioxide, other gases, other liquids, and/or mixtures thereof may be used to force the water flooding mixture across the formation.
  • the water flooding mixture may be heated prior to being injected into the formation to lower the viscosity of fluids in the formation, for example heavy oils, paraffins, asphaltenes, etc.
  • the water flooding mixture may be heated and/or boiled while within the formation, with the use of a heated fluid or a heater, to lower the viscosity of fluids in the formation.
  • heated water and/or steam may be used to heat and/or vaporize the water flooding mixture in the formation.
  • the water flooding mixture may be heated and/or boiled while within the formation, with the use of a heater.
  • a heater is disclosed in copending United States Patent Application having serial number 10/693,816, filed on October 24, 2003, and having attorney docket number TH2557. United States Patent Application having serial number 10/693,816 is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • System 300 includes underground formation 302, underground formation 304, underground formation 306, and underground formation 308.
  • Facility 310 is provided at the surface.
  • Well 312 traverses formations 302 and 304, and has openings in formation 306. Portions 314 of formation 306 may be optionally fractured and/or perforated.
  • oil and gas from formation 306 is produced into portions 314, into well 312, and travels up to facility 310.
  • Facility 310 then separates gas, which is sent to gas processing 316, and liquid, which is sent to liquid storage 318.
  • Facility 310 also includes water flooding mixture storage 330.
  • water flooding mixture may be pumped down well 312 that is shown by the down arrow and pumped into formation 306. Water flooding mixture may be left to soak in formation for a period of time from about 1 hour to about 15 days, for example from about 5 to about 50 hours.
  • facility 310 is adapted to separate and/or recycle water flooding mixture, for example by a gravity separation, centrifugal separation, chemical absorption, and/or by boiling the formulation, condensing it or filtering or reacting it, then storing or transporting desirable liquids and gases, and re-injecting and/or disposing of undesirable liquids and gases, for example by repeating the soaking cycle shown in Figures 3a and 3b from about 2 to about 5 times.
  • water flooding mixture may be pumped into formation 306 below the fracture pressure of the formation, for example from about 40% to about 90% of the fracture pressure.
  • injecting into formation 306 may be representative of a well in well group 202
  • well 312 as shown in Figure 3b, producing from formation 306, may be representative of a well in well group 204.
  • well 312 as shown in Figure 3a, injecting into formation 306, may be representative of a well in well group 204
  • well 312, as shown in Figure 3b, producing from formation 306 may be representative of a well in well group 202.
  • System 400 includes underground formation 402, formation 404, formation 406, and formation 408.
  • Production facility 410 is provided at the surface.
  • Well 412 traverses formation 402 and 404 has openings at formation 406. Portions of formation 414 may be optionally fractured and/or perforated.
  • Gas and liquid may be separated, and gas may be sent to gas storage 416, and liquid may be sent to liquid storage 418.
  • Production facility 410 is able to produce and separate water flooding mixture, which may be produced and stored in production / storage 430.
  • Water flooding mixture is pumped down well 432, to portions 434 of formation 406.
  • Water flooding mixture traverses formation 406 to aid in the production of oil and gas, and then the water flooding mixture, oil and/or gas may all be produced to well 412, to production facility 410.
  • Water flooding mixture may then be recycled, for example by separating the water flooding mixture from the rest of the production stream, then re-injecting the formulation into well 432.
  • a quantity of water flooding mixture or water flooding mixture mixed with other components may be injected into well 432, followed by another component to force water flooding mixture or water flooding mixture mixed with other components across formation 406, for example a liquid, such as water in gas or liquid form; water mixed with one or more salts, polymers, and/or surfactants; or a gas, such as air; carbon dioxide; other gases; other liquids; and/or mixtures thereof.
  • a liquid such as water in gas or liquid form
  • water mixed with one or more salts, polymers, and/or surfactants or a gas, such as air; carbon dioxide; other gases; other liquids; and/or mixtures thereof.
  • well 412 which is producing oil and/or gas is representative of a well in well group 202
  • well 432 which is being used to inject water flooding mixture is representative of a well in well group 204
  • well 41 2 which is producing oil and/or gas is representative of a well in well group 204
  • well 432 which is being used to inject water flooding mixture is representative of a well in well group 202.
  • Method 500 includes injecting a water flooding mixture indicated by a checkerboard pattern on the figure; injecting an immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation indicated by diagonal pattern on the figure; and producing oil and/or gas from a formation indicated by white pattern on the figure.
  • Injection and production timing for well group 202 is shown by the top timeline, while injection and production timing for well group 204 is shown by the bottom timeline.
  • water flooding mixture is injected into well group 202 for time period 502, while oil and/or gas is produced from well group 204 for time period 503. Then, water flooding mixture is injected into well group 204 for time period 505, while oil and/or gas is produced from well group 202 for time period 504.
  • This injection / production cycling for well groups 202 and 204 may be continued for a number of cycles, for example from about 5 to about 25 cycles.
  • a water flooding mixture which is then pushed through the formation with an immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation.
  • Water flooding mixture may be injected into well group 202 for time period 506, then immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation may be injected into well group 202 for time period 508, while oil and/or gas may be produced from well group 204 for time period 507.
  • water flooding mixture may be injected into well group 204 for time period 509, then immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation may be injected into well group 204 for time period 51 1 , while oil and/or gas may be produced from well group 202 for time period 51 0.
  • This injection / production cycling for well groups 202 and 204 may be continued for a number of cycles, for example from about 5 to about 25 cycles.
  • Water flooding mixture may be injected into well group 202 for time period 512, then immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation may be injected into well group 202 for time period 514 while oil and/or gas may be produced from well group 204 for time period 515.
  • the injection cycling of miscible and immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulations into well group 202 while producing oil and/or gas from well group 204 may be continued as long as desired, for example as long as oil and/or gas is produced from well group 204.
  • oil and/or gas produced may be transported to a refinery and/or a treatment facility.
  • the oil and/or gas may be processed to produced to produce commercial products such as transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel, heating fuel, lubricants, chemicals, and/or polymers.
  • Processing may include distilling and/or fractionally distilling the oil and/or gas to produce one or more distillate fractions.
  • the oil and/or gas, and/or the one or more distillate fractions may be subjected to a process of one or more of the following: catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, coking, thermal cracking, distilling, reforming, polymerization, isomerization, alkylation, blending, and dewaxing.
  • oil and/or gas may be recovered from a formation with a waterflooding mixture.
  • the waterflooding mixture may include from about 50% to about 99% water, for example from about 60% to about 98%, from about 70% to about 97%, from about 80% to about 96%, or from about 90% to about 95%.
  • the selection of water used in the waterflooding mixture is not critical.
  • Suitable water to be used in the mixture could be salt water or fresh water, for example water from a body of water off such as a sea, an ocean, a lake, or a river, from a water well, connate water produced from a subsurface formation, processed water from a city water supply, gray water from a city sewage treatment plant, or another water supply.
  • water used in the waterflooding mixture may be subjected to one or more processing steps, such as those disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication Number US 2009/0308609, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, for example if water with a high salinity content will be used.
  • the waterflooding mixture may include one or more additives to increase its effectiveness, for example by boosting the oil recovery factor, by swelling the oil, by lowering the viscosity of the oil, by increasing the mobility of the oil, and/or by increasing the subsurface pressure in the formation.
  • the waterflooding mixture may include from about 1 % to about 50% additives, for example from about 2% to about 40%, from about 3% to about 30%, from about 4% to about 20%, or from about 5% to about 10%.
  • Suitable additives to be used with the waterflooding mixture include chemicals having a molar solubility in water of at least about 1 %, for example at least about 2% or at least about 3%, up too fully miscible with water, and having an octanol - water partition coefficient of at least about 1 , for example greater than about 1 .3, greater than about 2, or greater than about 3.
  • suitable waterflooding mixture additives are listed in the attached Table 1 .
  • suitable waterflooding mixture additives include alcohols, amines, pyridines, ethers, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, phosphates, quinones, and mixtures thereof, where the chemical has a molar solubility in water of at least about 1 % and an octanol - water partition coefficient of at least about 1 .
  • suitable waterflooding mixture additives include ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, and methyl-ethyl ether.
  • Some examples of chemicals with a low solubility in water, and a high partitioning coefficient include alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as:
  • suitable immiscible enhanced oil recovery agents include liquids or gases, such as water in gas or liquid form, air, nitrogen, mixtures of two or more of the preceding, or other immiscible enhanced oil recovery agents as are known in the art. In some embodiments, suitable immiscible enhanced oil recovery agents are not first contact miscible or multiple contact miscible with oil in the formation.
  • a suitable immiscible enhanced oil recovery agents includes water.
  • the selection of water used as the immiscible agent is not critical. Suitable water to be used could be salt water or fresh water, for example water from a body of water off such as a sea, an ocean, a lake, or a river, from a water well, connate water produced from a subsurface formation, processed water from a city water supply, gray water from a city sewage treatment plant, or another water supply.
  • water used as the immiscible agent may be subjected to one or more processing steps, such as those disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication Number US 2009/0308609, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, for example if water with a high salinity content will be used.
  • immiscible agents and/or water flooding mixtures injected into the formation may be recovered from the produced oil and/or gas and re-injected into the formation.
  • the injection of the water flooding mixture is stopped, there is a quantity of oil in the formation which has absorbed a quantity of waterflooding mixture additives.
  • the oil is immobile and can not be recovered.
  • a quantity of water without any additives is injected into the formation of and exposed to the oil, which water will absorb the additives, and then the water additive mixture will be produced to the surface.
  • oil as present in the formation prior to the injection of any enhanced oil recovery agents has a viscosity of at least about 0.01 centipoise, or at least about 0.1 centipoise, or at least about 0.5 centipoise, or at least about 1 centipoise, or at least about 2 centipoise, or at least about 5 centipoise. In some embodiments, oil as present in the formation prior to the injection of any enhanced oil recovery agents has a viscosity of up to about 500 centipoise, or up to about 100 centipoise, or up to about 50 centipoise, or up to about 25 centipoise.
  • oil and/or gas may be recovered from a formation with a waterflooding mixture.
  • the liquids may be separated from the gases, for example using gravity based and/or centrifugal separators as are known in the art. Then, the liquids may be
  • the water may be separated from the oil for example using gravity based and/or centrifugal separators as are known in the art.
  • the gas, the oil and the water may still contain some waterflooding mixture additives.
  • the oil made undergo a distillation process to flash the waterflooding mixture additives and light hydrocarbons.
  • This mixture of the waterflooding mixture additives and light hydrocarbons may be added to the gas phase.
  • the gas phase will then be exposed to the water which will preferentially pull out the waterflooding mixture additives and leave behind the light hydrocarbons.
  • a system for producing oil and/or gas from an underground formation comprising a well above the formation; a mechanism to inject an enhanced oil recovery formulation into the formation, the enhanced oil recovery formulation comprising water and an additive; and a mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation.
  • the system also includes a second well a distance from the first well, wherein the mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation is located at the second well.
  • the mechanism to inject is located at the well, and wherein the mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation is located at the well.
  • the underground formation is beneath a body of water.
  • the system also includes a mechanism for injecting an immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation into the formation, after the water and an additive has been released into the formation.
  • the additive comprises a chemical having a solubility in water of at least 1 % (at atmospheric conditions) and a octanol-water partitioning coefficient of at least 1 (at atmospheric conditions).
  • the system also includes an immiscible enhanced oil recovery formulation selected from the group consisting of water in gas or liquid form, and mixtures thereof.
  • the well comprises an array of wells from 5 to 500 wells.
  • the mechanism to produce oil and/or gas from the formation is located at the well.
  • the additive comprises a chemical having a solubility in water of at least 2% at a pressure of 50 bars and a
  • the additive comprises a chemical having a crude oil - water partitioning coefficient of at least 2 at a pressure of 50 bars and a temperature of 25 degrees centigrade.
  • a method for producing oil and/or gas comprising injecting water and an additive into a formation from a first well ; and producing oil and/or gas from the formation from a second well.
  • a mixture of the water and the additive comprises from about 50% to about 99% water (by moles).
  • the water and the additive is injected at a pressure from 0 to 37,000 kilopascals above the initial reservoir pressure, measured prior to when injection begins.
  • the method also includes converting at least a portion of the recovered oil and/or gas into a material selected from the group consisting of transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel, heating fuel, lubricants, chemicals, and/or polymers.
  • the underground formation comprises an oil having an API from 10 to 1 00.
  • the water further comprises a water soluble polymer adapted to increase a viscosity of the mixture.
  • the method also includes reducing a bubble point of the oil in the formation with the additive.
  • the method also includes increasing a swelling factor of the oil in the formation with the additive. In some embodiments, the method also includes reducing a viscosity of the oil in the formation with the additive.
  • the water and the additive is injected into a reservoir having a reservoir temperature of at least 100 degrees centigrade, for example at least 250 degrees centigrade, measured prior to when injection begins.
  • the underground formation comprises a permeability from 0.0001 to 15 Darcies, for example a permeability from 0.001 to 1 Darcy.
  • the coreflood system can be applied both horizontally and vertically with maximum operating pressure of 7500 psi and maximum operating
  • Crude Sample A live crude oil was prepared: it was first filtered and then recombined with natural gas to reach the desired GOR of 1435.6 scf/STB (at 60 F) and bubble point pressure of 5157 psi. Potentially, the live crude oil sample in the transfer vessel may undergo phase separation during transportation.
  • the received live crude transfer cylinder was mounted on rocker and shaken at 175 F, 5600 psi continuously for 48 hours to ensure that the live crude sample was homogenous. Once finished, the transfer cylinder was installed in the coreood system.
  • One coreflood cell The cell is wrapped by insulating ceramic fiber and can be heated by silicone heater on top, middle and bottom section.
  • the overburden fluid is water. This cell can be rotated to conduct both vertical and horizontal flood.
  • Isco Series D pumps These Isco pumps have 100 cc capacity and 10,000 psi upper pressure limit, they are used to control confining stress, injection pressure and maintaining back pressure respectively.
  • the inlet transfer vessels are filled with fluids to be injected into the core.
  • the injectants can be either live crude oil, brine or DME/brine mixture in our case.
  • the outlet of coreflood cell is connected to a Temco 10,000 psi Back Pressure Regulator(BPR) and using a transfer vessel filled with argon gas for back pressure maintenance.
  • BPR Back Pressure Regulator
  • Effluent collection device A stepping-valve controlled device(VICI EMHMA-CE) was installed to collect effluents in test tubes. The outlet was switched to different test tube automatically after every 0.1 pore volume brine or DME/brine mixture was injected. The produced gas was released from fluid and collected in the gas sampling bags. Totally 20 fluid samples and 20 gas samples can be collected in one cycle.
  • VICI EMHMA-CE stepping-valve controlled device
  • a computer-controlled data acquisition system It is used to monitor and control the experiments and record the data files including pressure, volume and temperature etc.
  • the inlet was connected to the transfer vessel filled with coreflood injectants(Water or DME/Water mixture).
  • the core floods were carried out at a flow rate of 1 cc/hr.
  • the produced fluids were collected in the test tubes. Most of gas was released from produced fluids at ambient condition, then collected in the sample bags for composition analysis to
  • the graph shows recovery factor curves, produced GOR and DME concentration in produced gas as a function of injected
  • Figure 7 shows the results of the 9.35 %m DME/Waterflood where the waterflood recovery plateaus at around 45%, then additional recovery is achieved with the use of the 9.35 %m DME/Waterflood mixture.
  • experiment # 2 and # 3 were carried out to study the impact of DME concentration in water on ultimate oil recovery.
  • the graph shows the recovery curve as a function of injected hydrocarbon pore volume.
  • DME/waterflood kept producing crude oil even after breakthrough. Basically, the more DME/water mixture was injected and the higher DME concentration in water, the higher ultimate oil recovery.
  • 2.91 hydrocarbon pore volume 2 %m DME/water injection achieved 52.5 % ultimate oil recovery.
  • 2.5 hydrocarbon pore volume 5 %m DME/water injection accomplished 71 .5 % ultimate oil recovery
  • Figure 8 shows the results of the 2%m DME/Waterflood compared to the results of the 5%m DME/Waterflood.
  • the concentration of DME in the injection stream is 9.35 %m.
  • the experiment #1 is a continuous injection of 7PV DME/Water mixture after initial waterflood, after DME enriched waterflood, we switched back to pure waterflood. During the whole process 92% oil recovery is achieved. For comparison, only 1 PV DME/Water mixture was injected after conventional waterflood in the experiment #2. 28% incremental recovery is achieved during DME/Water slug injection. Crude Sample Crude Crude Crude Crude
  • Crude Sample C live crude was prepared. Crude Sample C dead crude was first filtered and then recombined with natural gas to reach the desired GOR of 140.65 scf/STB (at 60 F). The saturation pressure of synthesized live crude is 1071 psia. Since the live crude oil sample may be phase separated during transportation, same recombination procedure used as described above was followed to ensure live crude sample is homogeneous before transferring to live crude cylinder in coreflood setup. PVT study of recombined Crude Sample C live crude shows its viscosity is 65 cp at saturation pressure. Restored State Core Preparation
  • Berea sandstone cores (1 " diameter, 24" long) were prepared using a 15 bar porous plate. Cores were first saturated with 1 16381 ppm synthesized brine under 1000 psi confining stress. Afterwards, brine was displaced with Crude Sample C dead crude to irreducible water saturation at a capillary pressure of 150 psi. Then, cores were aged at 1 15 F under stress for 28 days to achieve restored state.
  • the coreflood set up has also been described in detail in earlier report, The system was designed with a maximum operating pressure of 7500 psi and maximum operating temperature of 300 F. In this study, we set the pore pressure at 1350 psi (reservoir pressure, above bubble point) and effective confining stress at 10OOpsi. The temperature of both core holder and live crude cylinder was maintained at 1 15 F (reservoir temperature).
  • Crude Sample A live crude shows most of the residue oil in the core slug can be blown down.
  • the formation factor of Crude Sample C live crude (1 .08) is much less than the formation factor of Crude Sample A live crude (1 .66). Therefore, no blowdown oil was observed during these two experiments.
  • the core slug was then transferred to oven and dried at 100 C to measure the remaining oil. Summitry of coreood experiments.
  • the mass balance should be close to 100%.
  • the reality is, at the end, the mass balance was close to but slightly higher than 100% as mass balance of oil in each step was performed, especially for experiment # 1 .
  • the obvious emulsion in some effluents is expected to be root cause of this slight overestimation.
  • the slug injection process will limit the total amount of DME used.
  • the slug injection experiment shows similar behavior as experiment #1 before switching back to pure water flood. Initial waterflood consistently achieved 45% oil recovery. The tertiary slug injection ( 1 PV) and subsequent pure waterflood give 28% incremental oil recovery. 1 1 % were produced after switching back to pure waterflood which was used to push the DME slug through core.
  • the initial pressure drop is caused by the fact that the viscous pressure drop is significantly lower than the initial viscous pressure drop needed to move the Crude Sample C oil through the core.
  • the pressure drop during the afterdrainage is controlled by both the viscous and the capillary pressure. Even though for a viscous oil like Crude Sample C the capillary forces are less significant than for lighter oils, they cannot be completely neglected.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de production de pétrole et/ou de gaz à partir d'une formation souterraine, ce système comprenant un puits au-dessus de la formation; un mécanisme pour injecter dans la formation une formulation améliorée de récupération de pétrole comprenant de l'eau et un additif; et un mécanisme pour produire le pétrole et/ou le gaz à partir de la formation.
EP11721867A 2010-05-06 2011-05-04 Systèmes et procédés pour la production de pétrole et/ou de gaz Withdrawn EP2567065A1 (fr)

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CA2796663C (fr) 2019-04-23
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RU2012152470A (ru) 2014-06-20
CN102884278A (zh) 2013-01-16
US20130048279A1 (en) 2013-02-28

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