EP2565372A1 - Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2565372A1
EP2565372A1 EP11179388A EP11179388A EP2565372A1 EP 2565372 A1 EP2565372 A1 EP 2565372A1 EP 11179388 A EP11179388 A EP 11179388A EP 11179388 A EP11179388 A EP 11179388A EP 2565372 A1 EP2565372 A1 EP 2565372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular
bore
fluid
interior
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11179388A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2565372B1 (fr
Inventor
Roger Antonsen
Kristoffer Braekke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
I-TEC AS
I Tec AS
Original Assignee
I-TEC AS
I Tec AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by I-TEC AS, I Tec AS filed Critical I-TEC AS
Priority to DK11179388.1T priority Critical patent/DK2565372T3/da
Priority to EP11179388.1A priority patent/EP2565372B1/fr
Priority to PL11179388T priority patent/PL2565372T3/pl
Publication of EP2565372A1 publication Critical patent/EP2565372A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2565372B1 publication Critical patent/EP2565372B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/112—Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for penetrating cement surrounding a tubular.
  • a well extending through geological formations may be used for exploration and production of oil and/or gas, water production and/or in geothermal applications.
  • Building a well typically involves drilling a borehole, inserting a steel casing into the wellbore and cementing the casing to the formation.
  • the casing provides structural stability, for example by preventing weak rock or sand from caving into the borehole.
  • the cement is set, the next section is drilled through the formation in the extension of the existing casing.
  • a liner is then hung off of the casing, and cemented to the formation. This process can be repeated until the well has reached the desired depth.
  • a well may also comprise sections of uncased or open borehole, sections of casing or lining with sand screens, sections surrounded by gravel packs etc, as is well known in the art.
  • sections of casing or lining with sand screens, sections surrounded by gravel packs etc are well known in the art.
  • a casing and a liner will be collectively referred to as a tubular in the following description and accompanying claims. In other words, no distinction will be made between a casing and a liner in the following.
  • the steel tubular and cement In order to allow fluid flow from the formation into the wellbore, the steel tubular and cement must be penetrated at depths corresponding to a layer containing oil and/or gas, an aquifer or the like, hereinafter referred to as a production zone.
  • the perforation has been performed by using an explosive charge in a device known as a perforation gun.
  • explosives require special handling according to strict safety rules, they may damage the formation and they have other disadvantages. Hence, there is a tendency to avoid explosives whenever possible.
  • the production zone may be 'stimulated' in order to facilitate the fluid flow.
  • Techniques for stimulating a zone involve hydraulic fracturing, in which hydraulic pressure is applied to force open cracks in the rock and insert sand or other granular material into the cracks. When the fracturing pressure is removed, the granular material remains in the cracks and keeps them open.
  • Known stimulation techniques also include injection of acid, solvents, surfactants etc in order to reduce the viscosity of the production fluid or the adhesion of production fluid to the surrounding rock.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of prior art, while keeping the benefits of well known techniques and equipment, in particular to penetrate the cement surrounding a tubular cemented to a formation without using explosives.
  • an apparatus for penetrating cement surrounding a tubular cemented to a formation comprising a bore through the tubular wall and an intermediate fluid channel disposed within an insert within the bore.
  • an inner sleeve may be disposed on the interior surface of the tubular wall, the inner sleeve being movable between a closed position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is prevented, and an open position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is allowed.
  • the bore through the tubular wall (200) may be provided in a direction perpendicular to the tubular wall.
  • the insert is a piston assembly movably disposed in the bore, the piston assembly comprising a hardened tip at an outer end and a piston at an inner end, and the fluid channel being provided from the piston to the vicinity of the tip.
  • the apparatus comprises a substance capable of swelling when a liquid is added thereto, the swelling substance being disposed between the piston and an interior wall, and the interior wall comprising ports that are opened or closed by the inner sleeve.
  • the invention concerns a method for penetrating cement surrounding a tubular cemented to a formation, the method comprising the steps of: providing a fluid from an interior of the tubular through an intermediate fluid channel, the fluid being capable of removing cement and/or material from an insert surrounding the fluid channel.
  • One embodiment of the method further comprises the step of forcing a hardened tip from the tubular wall into the cement with sufficient force to cause a groove and/or cracks in the cement before providing the fluid.
  • the groove and/or cracks provide a larger area of attack for the fluid.
  • Forcing the hardened tip into the cementing may involve applying hydraulic pressure from the interior of the tubular on a piston rigidly connected to the tip.
  • Forcing the hardened tip into the cementing may also involve opening a fluid channel from the interior of the tubular to an expandable substance arranged to exert a force on the piston.
  • Providing the fluid may involve providing an abrasive fluid or providing at least one chemical capable of etching cement and/or the material of the insert.
  • the method further comprises prior to providing the fluid, providing an inner sleeve on an interior surface of the tubular wall, and moving the inner sleeve from a closed position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is prevented, to an open position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is allowed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross sectional view of an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of an apparatus to penetrate the cement 300 surrounding a tubular (200) cemented to a formation (400).
  • a bore 10 extends through the tubular wall 200.
  • the bore extends through the tubular wall 200in a direction perpendicular to the wall, i.e. radially with respect to the tubular.
  • the bore 10 may also extend through the tubular wall 200 in a sloping direction.
  • the bore is provided with a removable seal (140) near an exterior surface of the tubular.
  • An intermediate fluid channel 102 within an insert 100 essentially provides a fluid path through the wall of the tubular.
  • the diameter of the intermediate fluid channel is considerably less than the diameter of the bore. This may be useful in applications where a number of ports are to be opened, e.g. by a drop ball, and a small pressure difference is desired over each port corresponding to the bore 10.
  • an abrasive fluid for example slurry for hydraulic fracturing, can abrade the insert in order to fully open the port or bore.
  • the bore could be lined 101 with a hard material, e.g. tungsten carbide (WC), ceramic material or hardened steel, and the insert would be manufactured form a softer material, for example a softer steel or other metal e.g. aluminium. This method can also be used to penetrate the cement around the casing as illustrated in figure 1 .
  • An inner sleeve 120 is disposed on the interior surface of the tubular wall 200.
  • the inner sleeve is movable between a closed position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is prevented, and an open position wherein fluid connection between the interior of the tubular and the bore is allowed.
  • the sleeve is provided to close the bore during run in, and may be rotated around, or alternatively displaced axially along, the axis of rotation of the tubular. In both cases, at least one opening in the inner sleeve is aligned with the bore in the open position, and not aligned in the closed, or run-in, position shown in the figures 1-3 .
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the apparatus, wherein the insert 100 is a piston assembly disposed in the bore 10.
  • the bore is provided with a removable seal (140) near an exterior surface of the tubular.
  • the piston assembly can be displaced in the axial direction of the bore 10, which corresponds to the radial direction of the tubular.
  • hydraulic pressure may work in the interior surface of the piston 110, i.e. to the left on Fig. 2 .
  • the pressure and piston area can be adapted such that the piston assembly is forced radially outwards with respect to the tubular, i.e. towards the right hand side of Fig. 2 , such that the hardened tip 105 penetrates the seal 140 and enters a distance into the cement 300.
  • the piston assembly comprises a hardened tip 105 at an outer end rigidly connected to a piston 110 at an inner end of the bore.
  • the tip can be made of a ceramic material, as ceramics tend to withstand compression forces quite well even if they are brittle and break easily when subjected to tensile forces.
  • the tip 105 can be made of hardened steel or another suitable material.
  • the tip is sufficiently hard to penetrate a distance into the cement and provide a groove and/or cracks. Typical compressive strength of the cement is from about 3000 psi and above, and the tip is forced into the cement with sufficient force in order for the pressure against the cement under the tip to become larger than the compressive strength.
  • the enlarged surface of the groove and/or cracks provides an area of attack for an etchant or abrasive fluid as described below.
  • This fluid is supplied from the interior of the tubular (to the left on figures 1-3 ) through the fluid channel(s) 102, which are provided through the piston assembly to the vicinity of the tip 105.
  • the seal 140 in the figures 1-3 is intended to protect the bore during run in. It can be provided as a lid as illustrated. Alternatively, the seal 140 can be a portion of the tubular wall 200 with reduced thickness, or a plug made from a suitable material such as a plastic or resin. In particular, the tip 105 in figs. 2 and 3 should penetrate seal 140 without requiring too much force, so the seal 140 should just be able to withstand the forces it may encounter during run-in.
  • Figure 3 resembles figure 2 in that it comprises a piston assembly within a housing.
  • a swelling substance 150 is disposed between the piston 110 and an interior wall 103.
  • the interior wall 103 is provided in the bore 10 facing the inner sleeve 120.
  • the interior wall 103 has ports or fluid channels 102 as discussed above.
  • the ports 102 may be opened by the inner sleeve 120, such that liquid can be supplied to the swelling material.
  • the swelling material will exert equal forces in opposite directions on the interior wall 103 and the piston 110.
  • the interior wall 103 must be able to withstand the forces required to drive the tip 105 into the cement 300.
  • a fluid is provided from the interior of the tubular through an intermediate fluid channel 102.
  • the fluid must be capable of removing cement and/or material from an insert surrounding the fluid channel.
  • a slurry containing sand or ceramic particles such as a slurry used for hydraulic fracturing, is known to abrade metal inserts and cement.
  • the amount of abraded material is proportional to the area in which the abrasive fluid is allowed to work. Hence, a small groove tends to be enlarged by the abrasion. Similarly, cracked cement tends to be abraded more easily than solid cement.
  • the fluid may be corrosive or etching.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
EP11179388.1A 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau Not-in-force EP2565372B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK11179388.1T DK2565372T3 (da) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Apparat og fremgangsmåde til gennemtrængning af cement, der omgiver et rør
EP11179388.1A EP2565372B1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau
PL11179388T PL2565372T3 (pl) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Sposób i urządzenie do penetracji cementu otaczającego rurę

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11179388.1A EP2565372B1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2565372A1 true EP2565372A1 (fr) 2013-03-06
EP2565372B1 EP2565372B1 (fr) 2014-02-26

Family

ID=44674360

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11179388.1A Not-in-force EP2565372B1 (fr) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Appareil et procédé pour faire pénétrer du ciment autour d'un tuyau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2565372B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2565372T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2565372T3 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2855049A (en) * 1954-11-12 1958-10-07 Zandmer Solis Myron Duct-forming devices
US3120268A (en) * 1960-02-19 1964-02-04 Nat Petroleum Corp Ltd Apparatus for providing ducts through casing in a well
US20100230100A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Reservoir Management Inc. Plug for a Perforated Liner and Method of Using Same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2855049A (en) * 1954-11-12 1958-10-07 Zandmer Solis Myron Duct-forming devices
US3120268A (en) * 1960-02-19 1964-02-04 Nat Petroleum Corp Ltd Apparatus for providing ducts through casing in a well
US20100230100A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2010-09-16 Reservoir Management Inc. Plug for a Perforated Liner and Method of Using Same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2565372T3 (pl) 2014-08-29
EP2565372B1 (fr) 2014-02-26
DK2565372T3 (da) 2014-05-12

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