EP2563974B1 - Method of estimating soil properties and device for estimating soil properties - Google Patents

Method of estimating soil properties and device for estimating soil properties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2563974B1
EP2563974B1 EP11745468.6A EP11745468A EP2563974B1 EP 2563974 B1 EP2563974 B1 EP 2563974B1 EP 11745468 A EP11745468 A EP 11745468A EP 2563974 B1 EP2563974 B1 EP 2563974B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
hypodermic needle
cable
membrane cell
tube
soil
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EP11745468.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2563974A1 (en
Inventor
Khalil Fahmy Iskander
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the soil.
  • the device is of the membrane cell type associated with a piezometer constituted by a hypodermic needle menu of a sensor.
  • a process according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR 2696003 A1 .
  • the method of measuring mechanical characteristics of the ground by the aforementioned apparatuses agrees on the principle independent of the method of placing the devices.
  • the methods of placement are either a device with a prior drilling or a driving device or auto driller.
  • the process is carried out by supplying the membrane cell with a liquid or gas under pressure. Increasing the liquid pressure or gas causes the membrane cell to swell. The bearing capacity of the soil is deduced from the relationship between the pressure exerted and the swelling at the central level of the membrane cell.
  • the device of the inclined piezometer membrane apparatus makes it possible to drive a piezometer into the ground near and at the central level of the membrane cell by an inclined piston. But, it takes a very strong load to overcome the high resistance of the soil which prevents the easy insertion of the piston operating tube and may damage the other tubes of the system.
  • the method comprises driving a membrane cell (7) into the ground or by drilling into which a liquid or a gas is introduced under pressure to measure the increase in volume of the membrane cell (7) as a function of the pressure exerted.
  • the method according to the invention consists in drawing from the ground, from a revolver (8), in a direction inclined from the part just above the membrane cell (7), a hypodermic needle (5) menu from a sensor to the central level (6) of the maximum deformations of the membrane cell (7) and to measure the change in the the value of the interstitial pressure at the central level (6) and in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7) as a function of the pressure in the membrane cell (7).
  • the device for carrying out the method is of the type comprising a vertical tube (9) comprising a membrane cell (7), and consists in introducing into the tube (9) a vertical tube (10) of smaller diameter, to be supported on a support (1) and provided with a guide (3), to ensure the tip of a hypodermic needle (5) facing the center of hole (2) covered by rubber.
  • the tube (10) comprises an inclined revolver (8) with respect to the axis of the vertical tube (9) serving intermediate between the membrane cell (7) and the ground surface.
  • the firing of the hypodermic needle (5) is performed by pulling a cable (14) which connects the trigger (12) of the revolver (8) to the surface of the ground.
  • the hypodermic needle sensor (5) is connected by a cable (16) to a computer (15) for recording the measurement values, and also the needle (5) is connected. by another cable (17) for holding the hypodermic needle (5) in the desired position, when projected, by means of a knot (4) on the cable (17) at a distance from the hypodermic needle ( 5) equal to the length of the path from its initial position to the measurement level (6).
  • the cable (17) also serves to remove the hypodermic needle (5) to its initial position in the revolver (8) by mechanical or manual removal by the cable (17).
  • the end of the needle (5) is fitted by a capsule that sticks and remains in the ground during removal of the hypodermic needle (5) by the cable (17) to prevent the hypodermic needle (5) from sticks in the ground.
  • the withdrawal of the tube (10) is performed by pulling the cable (11).
  • the measurement process is repeated every meter up to the depth required underground.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour mesurer des caractéristiques mécaniques du sol. Le dispositif est du type à cellule à membrane associée à un piézomètre constitué par une aiguille hypodermique menu d'un capteur.The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the soil. The device is of the membrane cell type associated with a piezometer constituted by a hypodermic needle menu of a sensor.

Différents appareils à membrane sont utilisés pour étudier les caractéristiques mécaniques du sol dont: l'essai pressiométrique, l'essai dilatométrique, l'essai de cône pressiométre, et l'appareil à membrane à piézomètre incliné... Un procédé selon la préambule de la revendication 1 est fait connu par FR 2696003 A1 .Different membrane devices are used to study the mechanical characteristics of the soil, including: the pressuremeter test, the dilatometric test, the pressiometer cone test, and the inclined piezometer diaphragm apparatus ... A process according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR 2696003 A1 .

Le procédé de mesures de caractéristiques mécaniques du sol par les appareils précédemment cité s'accorde sur le principe indépendant de la méthode de mise en place des appareils. Les méthodes de mise en place sont, soit un appareil avec un forage préalable ou un appareil à enfoncer ou auto foreur. Le procédé est effectué par alimentation la cellule à membrane par un liquide ou gaz sous pression. L'augmentation de la pression de liquide ou du gaz fait gonfler la cellule à membrane. La capacité portante du sol est déduite de la relation entre la pression exercée et le gonflement au niveau central de la cellule à membrane.The method of measuring mechanical characteristics of the ground by the aforementioned apparatuses agrees on the principle independent of the method of placing the devices. The methods of placement are either a device with a prior drilling or a driving device or auto driller. The process is carried out by supplying the membrane cell with a liquid or gas under pressure. Increasing the liquid pressure or gas causes the membrane cell to swell. The bearing capacity of the soil is deduced from the relationship between the pressure exerted and the swelling at the central level of the membrane cell.

Les méthodes d'interprétation des mesures obtenues par les appareils précédemment cités se basent sur l'hypothèse que les déformations de milieu du sol sont homogènes. Mais les déformations du sol autour de la cavité entourant la cellule à membrane sont hétérogènes ( Ladanyi, B 1977. Discussion on undrained stress-strain-time behaviour of clay Journal of Soil mechanics and foundation division ASCE; 103 (8): 933-934 ), et en conséquence, ce n'est pas forcement que les déformations de la cavité représentent celles du milieu. D'ailleurs, plusieurs auteurs ( Thevanayagam S, Chameau, J.L and G. Alschaeffl; 1994. Some aspects of pressuremeter test interpretation in clay geotechnique: 319-355 ) confirment la création de fissures radiales à travers d'anneau étroit autour de la cavité. Ceci signifie le développement des contraintes négatives à travers cet anneau, cependant, l'état des contraintes au sol sous les fondations doit être toujours positif.The methods of interpretation of the measurements obtained by the devices mentioned above are based on the assumption that the deformations of the soil medium are homogeneous. But the deformations of the soil around the cavity surrounding the membrane cell are heterogeneous ( Ladanyi, B 1977. Discussion on undrained stress-strain-time behavior of clay ASCE Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division; 103 (8): 933-934 ), and therefore, it is not necessarily that the deformations of the cavity represent those of the medium. Moreover, several authors ( Thevanayagam S, Camel, JL and G. Alschaeffl; 1994. Some aspects of pressuremeter test interpretation in geotechnical clay: 319-355 ) confirm the creation of radial cracks through a narrow ring around the cavity. This means the development of negative stresses through this ring, however, the state of the ground stresses under the foundations must always be positive.

Pour éviter ces inconvénients, il faut interpréter le comportement d'une particule du sol loin de l'anneau fissuré. Le dispositif de l'appareil à membrane à piézomètre incliné ( EP 0 705 941 ) permet d'enfoncer un piézomètre dans le sol au voisinage et au niveau central de la cellule à membrane par un piston incliné. Mais, il faut une charge très forte pour vaincre la résistance élevée du sol qui empêche l'enfoncement aisé du tube de manoeuvre du piston et risque d'abîmer les autres tubes du système.To avoid these disadvantages, one must interpret the behavior of a soil particle far from the cracked ring. The device of the inclined piezometer membrane apparatus ( EP 0 705 941 ) makes it possible to drive a piezometer into the ground near and at the central level of the membrane cell by an inclined piston. But, it takes a very strong load to overcome the high resistance of the soil which prevents the easy insertion of the piston operating tube and may damage the other tubes of the system.

Le dessin unique annexé illustre l'invention :

  • La figure 1 représente le dispositif de l'invention qui comporte ce qui suit
    • (1) : Un support sur lequel le tube (10) appuie pendant l'enregistrement des mesures de l'essai.
    • (2) : Un trou couvert par caoutchouc permettant la pénétration pendant le tir et le retrait de l'aiguille hypodermique (5).
    • (3) : Le tube (10) est muni d'un guide (3) pour assurer la position du bout de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) face au centre du trou (2).
    • (4) : Un noeud sur le câble (17) à une distance de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) égale à la longueur du chemin de la position initiale de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) dans le revolver (8) jusqu'au niveau (6) central des mesures au voisinage de la cellule à membrane (7). Le noeud (4) est destiné à retenir l'aiguille hypodermique (5) au niveau (6) de mesures pendant l'enregistrement de valeurs de mesures de la pression interstitielle.
    • (5) : L'aiguille hypodermique (5) qui est la balle du revolver (8) menu d'un capteur à mesurer la pression interstitielle au niveau (6) de mesures au voisinage de la cellule à membrane (7).
    • (6) : Le niveau de mesures (6), niveau central de déformation maximale de la cellule à membrane (7).
    • (7) : La cellule à membrane de l'appareil qui est alimentée par un liquide ou un gaz sous pression
    • (8) : Le revolver incliné (8) par rapport à l'axe du tube vertical (9). Le tube vertical (10) de diamètre inférieur à celui du tube (9) comprend le revolver incliné (8). La balle du revolver (8) est l'aiguille hypodermique (5).
    • (9) : Le tube-vertical servant d'intermédiaire entre la cellule à membrane (7) et la surface du sol et comprend le tube (10) qui comprend le revolver incliné (8). Tous les câbles et les canalisations passent dans ce tube (9).
    • (10) : Un tube de diamètre inférieur à celui du tube (9), muni d'un guide (3) pour assurer la position du bout de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) face au centre du trou (2). Le tube (10) comprend le revolver incliné (8).
    • (11) : Un câble pour introduire le tube (10) dans le tube (9) et le retrait mécanique ou manuel jusqu'à la surface du sol.
    • (12) : La détente du revolver incliné (8).
    • (14) : Un câble qui raccorde la détente (12) du revolver (8) à la surface du sol. Le tir de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) vers le niveau (6) de mesures est effectué par la traction du câble (14).
    • (15) : Ordinateur situé à la surface du sol.
    • (16) : Un câble qui raccorde le capteur de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) à un ordinateur (15) à la surface du sol pour l'enregistrement de mesures effectuées au niveau (6) de mesures.
    • (17) : Un deuxième câble qui raccorde l'aiguille hypodermique (5) à la surface du sol. Ce câble (17) est destiné à retenir l'aiguille hypodermique (5) au niveau (6) de mesures lorsque l'aiguille (5) est projetée, grâce à un noeud (4) sur le câble (17). Le câble (17) servant également à retirer l'aiguille hypodermique (5) vers sa position initiale dans le revolver (8) par le retrait mécanique ou manuel par le câble (17).
The attached single drawing illustrates the invention:
  • The figure 1 represents the device of the invention which comprises the following
    • (1): A support on which the tube (10) presses during the recording of the measurements of the test.
    • (2): A rubber covered hole allowing penetration during firing and removal of the hypodermic needle (5).
    • (3): The tube (10) is provided with a guide (3) to ensure the position of the tip of the hypodermic needle (5) facing the center of the hole (2).
    • (4): A knot on the cable (17) at a distance from the hypodermic needle (5) equal to the path length from the initial position of the hypodermic needle (5) in the revolver (8) to central level (6) of the measurements in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7). The knot (4) is for holding the hypodermic needle (5) at the level (6) of measurements during the recording of pore pressure measurement values.
    • (5): The hypodermic needle (5) which is the bullet of the revolver (8) menu of a sensor to measure the interstitial pressure at (6) of measurements in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7).
    • (6): The measurement level (6), the central level of maximum deformation of the membrane cell (7).
    • (7): The membrane cell of the apparatus that is fed by a liquid or a gas under pressure
    • (8): The inclined revolver (8) relative to the axis of the vertical tube (9). The vertical tube (10) of smaller diameter than the tube (9) comprises the inclined revolver (8). The bullet of the revolver (8) is the hypodermic needle (5).
    • (9): The vertical tube intermediate between the membrane cell (7) and the ground surface and comprises the tube (10) which includes the inclined revolver (8). All cables and pipes pass through this tube (9).
    • (10): A tube of diameter smaller than that of the tube (9), provided with a guide (3) to ensure the position of the tip of the hypodermic needle (5) facing the center of the hole (2). The tube (10) comprises the inclined revolver (8).
    • (11): A cable for introducing the tube (10) into the tube (9) and mechanical or manual removal to the ground surface.
    • (12): The relaxation of the inclined revolver (8).
    • (14): A cable that connects the trigger (12) of the revolver (8) to the ground surface. The shooting of the hypodermic needle (5) towards the level (6) of measurements is performed by pulling the cable (14).
    • (15): Computer located on the surface of the ground.
    • (16): A cable that connects the hypodermic needle sensor (5) to a computer (15) on the ground surface for recording measurements made at (6) of measurements.
    • (17): A second cable that connects the hypodermic needle (5) to the ground surface. This cable (17) is intended to hold the hypodermic needle (5) at measurement level (6) when the needle (5) is projected, thanks to a knot (4) on the cable (17). The cable (17) also serves to remove the hypodermic needle (5) to its initial position in the revolver (8) by mechanical or manual removal by the cable (17).

En référence à ce dessin, le procédé selon l'invention permet de remédier aux inconvénients et d'effectuer les mesures de la pression interstitielle souhaitées. Le procédé consiste à enfoncer dans le sol ou par forage une cellule à membrane (7) dans laquelle, on introduit sous pression un liquide ou un gaz, à mesurer l'augmentation de volume de la cellule à membrane (7) en fonction de la pression exercée. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à tirer dans le sol, à partir d'un revolver (8), selon une direction inclinée à partir de la partie juste supérieure à la cellule à membrane (7), une aiguille hypodermique (5) menu d'un capteur jusqu'au niveau (6) central des déformations maximale de la cellule à membrane (7) et à mesurer le changement de la valeur de la pression interstitielle au niveau central (6) ainsi qu'au voisinage de la cellule à membrane (7) en fonction de la pression dans la cellule à membrane (7).With reference to this drawing, the method according to the invention makes it possible to remedy the drawbacks and to perform the desired measurements of the interstitial pressure. The method comprises driving a membrane cell (7) into the ground or by drilling into which a liquid or a gas is introduced under pressure to measure the increase in volume of the membrane cell (7) as a function of the pressure exerted. The method according to the invention consists in drawing from the ground, from a revolver (8), in a direction inclined from the part just above the membrane cell (7), a hypodermic needle (5) menu from a sensor to the central level (6) of the maximum deformations of the membrane cell (7) and to measure the change in the the value of the interstitial pressure at the central level (6) and in the vicinity of the membrane cell (7) as a function of the pressure in the membrane cell (7).

Le dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé est du type comprenant un tube vertical (9) comportant une cellule à membrane (7), et consiste à introduire dans le tube (9) un tube vertical (10) de diamètre inférieur, à appuyer sur support (1) et muni d'un guide (3), à assurer le bout d'une aiguille hypodermique (5) face au centre de trou (2) couvert par caoutchouc. Le tube (10) comprend un revolver incliné (8) par rapport à l'axe du tube vertical (9) qui serve intermédiaire entre la cellule à membrane (7) et la surface du sol. Le tir de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) est effectué par la traction par un câble (14) qui raccorde la détente (12) du revolver (8) à la surface du sol.The device for carrying out the method is of the type comprising a vertical tube (9) comprising a membrane cell (7), and consists in introducing into the tube (9) a vertical tube (10) of smaller diameter, to be supported on a support (1) and provided with a guide (3), to ensure the tip of a hypodermic needle (5) facing the center of hole (2) covered by rubber. The tube (10) comprises an inclined revolver (8) with respect to the axis of the vertical tube (9) serving intermediate between the membrane cell (7) and the ground surface. The firing of the hypodermic needle (5) is performed by pulling a cable (14) which connects the trigger (12) of the revolver (8) to the surface of the ground.

Dans une forme de réalisation, le capteur de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) est raccordé par un câble (16) à un ordinateur (15) destiné à l'enregistrement des valeurs de mesures, et aussi l'aiguille (5) est raccordée par un autre câble (17) destiné à retenir l'aiguille hypodermique (5) dans la position souhaitée, lorsqu'elle est projetée, grâce à un noeud (4) sur le câble (17) à une distance de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) égale à la longueur du chemin de sa position initiale jusqu'au niveau (6) de mesure. Le câble (17) sert également à retirer l'aiguille hypodermique (5) vers sa position initiale dans le revolver (8) par le retrait mécanique ou manuel par le câble (17).In one embodiment, the hypodermic needle sensor (5) is connected by a cable (16) to a computer (15) for recording the measurement values, and also the needle (5) is connected. by another cable (17) for holding the hypodermic needle (5) in the desired position, when projected, by means of a knot (4) on the cable (17) at a distance from the hypodermic needle ( 5) equal to the length of the path from its initial position to the measurement level (6). The cable (17) also serves to remove the hypodermic needle (5) to its initial position in the revolver (8) by mechanical or manual removal by the cable (17).

Le bout de l'aiguille (5) est emboîté par une capsule qui se colle et reste dans le sol lors du retrait de l'aiguille hypodermique (5) par le câble (17) pour éviter que l'aiguille hypodermique (5) ne se colle dans le sol. Le retrait du tube (10) est effectué par la traction par le câble (11).The end of the needle (5) is fitted by a capsule that sticks and remains in the ground during removal of the hypodermic needle (5) by the cable (17) to prevent the hypodermic needle (5) from sticks in the ground. The withdrawal of the tube (10) is performed by pulling the cable (11).

Le procédé de mesures se répète tous les mètres jusqu' à la profondeur requise sous sol.The measurement process is repeated every meter up to the depth required underground.

Claims (4)

  1. Procedure of measuring the mechanical characteristics of the soil, consisting in pushing or drilling vertically into the soil a membrane cell (7) into which has been introduced a fluid under pressure, in measuring the increase in the volume of the membrane cell as a function of the pressure applied, characterized in that it consists in shooting into the soil from a gun (8) and according to an inclined direction from the portion just above the membrane cell (7), a hypodermic needle (5) provided by a pressure transducer to a position facing the central level (6) of the maximum deformation of the membrane cell (7) and in measuring the changes in the developed pore water pressure recorded by the pressure transducer at the said level (6) in the neighborhood of the membrane cell (7)as a function of the applied pressure in the membrane cell (7).
  2. Device for measuring the mechanical characteristics of the soil and for implementing the procedure according to claim 1, of the type that comprises an intermediate vertical tube (9) provided with a membrane cell (7), characterized in that it consists in introducing in tube (9), another vertical tube (10) of smaller diameter, leaning on support (1) and provided with a guide (3) to ensure the tip of the hypodermic needle (5) opposite the center of hole (2) that is covered by rubber, tube (10) comprises an inclined gun (8) in relation to the axis of the vertical tube (9) serving as intermediary between the membrane cell (7)and the ground surface, and in that the firing of the hypodermic needle (5) is performed by a traction cable (14) which connects the trigger (12) of the gun (8) to the ground surface.
  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the transducer of the hypodermic needle (5) is connected by cable (16) to recording computer (15), and also the hypodermic needle (5) is connected by another cable (17) destined to retain the hypodermic needle (5) in the desired position, when it is projected, by node (4) on the cable (17) at a distance from the hypodermic needle (5) equal to the path length from its initial position to level (6) of measurement. The cable (17) serves also to the withdrawal of the hypodermic needle (5) towards its initial position in the gun (8) by mechanical or manual pulling of the cable (17).
  4. Device according to any of the claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the tip of the hypodermic needle (5) is fitted by a cap which can be placed and remain in the soil when pulling up the hypodermic needle by cable (17) so as to prevent the needle (5) from sticking in the ground. The withdrawal of the tube (10) to the ground surface is performed by mechanically or manually pulling cable (11).
EP11745468.6A 2010-04-30 2011-04-29 Method of estimating soil properties and device for estimating soil properties Not-in-force EP2563974B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2010/0269A BE1019322A3 (en) 2010-04-30 2010-04-30 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL.
PCT/BE2011/000026 WO2011134028A1 (en) 2010-04-30 2011-04-29 Method and device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the ground

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2563974A1 EP2563974A1 (en) 2013-03-06
EP2563974B1 true EP2563974B1 (en) 2014-06-11

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EP11745468.6A Not-in-force EP2563974B1 (en) 2010-04-30 2011-04-29 Method of estimating soil properties and device for estimating soil properties

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EP (1) EP2563974B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103201434B (en)
BE (1) BE1019322A3 (en)
CA (1) CA2792313C (en)
DE (1) DE112011101504T5 (en)
GB (1) GB201215550D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2011134028A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4408481A (en) * 1982-03-12 1983-10-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Pore pressure probe assembly and two-stage emplacement thereof
FR2696003B1 (en) * 1992-09-21 1995-03-03 Iskander Khalil Method and device for measuring mechanical characteristics of the soil.
US7493803B2 (en) * 2004-03-23 2009-02-24 Benthic Geotech Pty Ltd. Ball penetrometer for soft soils testing
DE102004016277A1 (en) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-20 Gbm Wiebe Gleisbaumaschinen Gm Apparatus and method for determining the condition of the superstructure of railways, roads or earth layers
CN101575847B (en) * 2009-06-02 2011-06-15 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Effective stress spade

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BE1019322A3 (en) 2012-06-05
CN103201434B (en) 2015-08-19
CA2792313A1 (en) 2011-11-03
CA2792313C (en) 2014-08-19
CN103201434A (en) 2013-07-10
WO2011134028A8 (en) 2012-12-13
DE112011101504T5 (en) 2013-11-28
GB201215550D0 (en) 2012-10-17
WO2011134028A1 (en) 2011-11-03
EP2563974A1 (en) 2013-03-06

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