EP2563161A1 - Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using same - Google Patents
Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP2563161A1 EP2563161A1 EP10804849A EP10804849A EP2563161A1 EP 2563161 A1 EP2563161 A1 EP 2563161A1 EP 10804849 A EP10804849 A EP 10804849A EP 10804849 A EP10804849 A EP 10804849A EP 2563161 A1 EP2563161 A1 EP 2563161A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forage
- hay
- silage
- pdms
- com
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/16—Preserving with chemicals
- A23B9/24—Preserving with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B9/30—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/14—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/358—Inorganic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of treatment compositions for improving animal feed and forage, and especially for reducing many of the typical negative effects of long term storage on feed and forage.
- the present invention relates, more specifically, to the use of
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- Siloxane silicon derived chemical compounds
- Feedstuff commodity and forage products have been used for years as a food source and/or feed supplement for animals. Each product has been subject to spoilage through mold, heating and overall degradation. Several techniques and processes have been used in the past to slow or minimize the amount of loss typically found in forage and feedstuff products. Spoiled, heat damaged, or moldy feed can cause animals to become sick, lose weight, and/or drop in production in the case of commercial agricultural operations. Reducing spoilage improves animal health and economic return.
- feedstuff and forage products are one of the major uses of feedstuff and forage products. Typically these feeds are mixed with other ingredients to make a complete ration.
- Spoiled feed is particularly damaging to these large operations causing animals, typically cattle, to get sick.
- Spoilage is a major economic loss to large animal operations worldwide.
- Rain and the effects of weather tend to increase spoilage of many forage products, for example, hay, grass, and other crops that, due to current harvesting practices, remain exposed to rain and weather for some time after harvesting.
- Weather-damaged feed can result in loss of forage nutrient value resulting in economic loss and reduced value as an animal feed. Therefore, rain and/or weather can increase spoilage in the forage mass and reduce animal performance.
- Forages compromised by rain and/or weather are particularly damaging to large dairy operations, causing animals, typically cattle, to experience less feed uptake and even compromised health. While forages are mixed with other ingredients to make a complete ration for many dairy animals, spoilage from rain/weather, and hence reduced quality, of the forage component, can cause a major economic loss to large animal operations worldwide.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane
- other polymerized siloxane compounds including derivatives, are added to feedstuff and forage products, to reduce heating, oxidation, mold growth, and spoilage.
- PDMS and/or other polymerized siloxane compounds work by direct application to the feed/forage product, coating the surface of the feed/forage mass to reduce spoilage and also, through inclusion, entering into the moisture portion of the feedstuff to do the same.
- Polydimethylsiloxane is derived from siloxane compound chemistry with a number of potential derivatives. When applied to the feedstuff and forage products preferably at the time of cutting or soon thereafter, PDMS has been found to coat the surface of the forage mass protecting the forages from the spoiling effects of weather, and/or from other spoilage during storage. Thus, the PDMS treatment protects the harvested food/forage during periods it is exposed to rain and weather, and also reduces heating, oxidation, mold growth, and spoilage once the food/forage is harvested and stored.
- PDMS works by direct application to the feed product, coating the surface of the feed mass with a thin coat of PDMS, wherein the thin coat which adheres to the stems, small stems, and leaves of the food/forage to protect the harvested and/or stored plant.
- Figure 1 shows a treated hay bale according to one embodiment of the invention, as described in Example #1 later in this document, wherein Example #1 tested the effects of PDMS on swathed alfalfa hay with and without the application of water.
- Figures 2 A and 2B show a treated haylage sample according to an embodiment of the invention, and an untreated haylage sample, respectively, both according to Example #2 later in this document, wherein Example #2 tested efficacy of a PDMS mix with water on the control of mold on forage crops using chopped hay samples.
- Figures 3A and 3B show an untreated sample, and a treated sample according to an embodiment of the invention, respectively, both according to Example #3 later in this document, wherein Example #3 tested the effects of PDMS on the control of mold and forage deterioration in high moisture forage products.
- Figure 4 shows treated and untreated portions of hay, according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein Example #4 tested the effects of PDMS on baled alfalfa hay with and without the application of PDMS.
- Figures 5 A and 5B show an untreated sample, and a treated sample according to an embodiment of the invention, respectively, according to Example #5 later in this document, wherein Example #5 tested the effects of PDMS on swathed alfalfa hay with and without the application of PDMS under normal to optimum haying conditions.
- Figure 6 shows a silage sample according to an embodiment of the invention, as in Example #6 later in this document, wherein Example #6 tested the effects of PDMS on silages including grass silages.
- Polydimethylsiloxane is derived from siloxane compound chemistry with a number of potential derivatives.
- the formula for PDMS is as follows: R3- SiO[Si(CFB )2O]nSi-R3,where R represents any organic or inorganic functional group.
- R represents any organic or inorganic functional group.
- (H3C)3SiO[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)3 is used, where n is the number of repeating monomer units making up the siloxane polymer molecule.
- Lower values of n, for example, are expected to produce more effective results but benefit is also achieved using higher values of n.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- Polydimethylsiloxane works by direct application to the feedstuff or forage product, allowing the silicone polymer compound to coat the surface of the product mass.
- the PDMS can be applied with water and/or a variety of earners to assure optimum coverage.
- the PDMS compound When applied to the feedstuff or forage mass, the PDMS compound reduces the effects of oxygen utilization at the surface of the feed product and in the moisture of the product mass.
- the PDMS acts as a chemical barrier to rain and other effects of weather.
- the PDMS is applied at the time of cutting, but in some embodiments, the PDMS may be applied within a short time before cutting or after cutting.
- the PMDS may be applied as early as 5 days before cutting and at late as 14 days after cutting (for example, after a 14 day hay-drying period in the field, and at the time of baling the dried hay) and still exhibit some benefit, it is preferred that the PMDS be applied from 3 days before to 7 days after cutting, more preferably from 1 day before to 1 day after cutting, and most preferably at the time of cutting. "At the time of cutting" means herein within 1 hour or less prior to or after cutting, for example, within 2 minutes before or after cutting by spraying the treatment composition from the cutting equipment, from baling equipment immediately following the cutting equipment (see baleage, for example), and/or from a vehicle transporting or powering the cutting or baling equipment. Once the feedstuff or forage is stored, the PDMS continues to suppress mold growth, for example, as further described below.
- PDMS PDMS suppresses mold growth throughout the forage mass.
- PDMS suppresses heating in the forage mass by reducing the effect of available oxygen and hence the ability of the forage to oxidize during storage.
- Silicone compounds including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) also have been found (though to a lesser degree) to reduce the surface tension in the forage commodity.
- PDMS can also be used to improve the harvestability of forage commodities in harvest equipment.
- the reduction of surface tension in the forage mass can also allow forage harvesting equipment to prepare a more consistent forage product.
- Polydimethylsiloxane is unique and beneficial as an additive to feed/forages, especially at or about the time of harvesting or for storage of the feed/forages. It is believed that some benefit is realized when the preferred polydimethylsiloxane treatment composition is applied at the time of cutting or within 3 day or less before or after cutting, in amounts ranging from about 5 - 40000 ppm on the forage, wherein this calculation and others in this document referred to as "dry matter basis" are done based on the forage being dried to a very low or no moisture content, that is, ⁇ 1 wt% moisture content.
- PDMS is applied to forage in amounts ranging from 18 - 300 ppm (dry matter basis), and more preferably in amounts ranging from 20 - 70 ppm on the forage (dry matter basis), and most preferably 30 - 50 ppm on the forage (dry matter basis).
- dry matter basis dry matter basis
- amounts at the lower end of this range are expected to be marginal when and amounts at the upper end of this range are expected to be effective but not economical.
- PDMS is applied to forage in amounts ranging from 18 - 300 ppm (dry matter basis), and more preferably in amounts ranging from 20 - 70 ppm on the forage (dry matter basis), and most preferably 30 - 50 ppm on the forage (dry matter basis).
- reasons for this may include:
- PDMS is weakly ionic. This allows the molecule to attach to organic substances such as the wax on alfalfa and grass leaves. Unlike silicates and siliconates, PDMS is not water soluble and will not wash off under the force of rain or heavy dew.
- PDMS will not get bound by other ionic compounds such as metals ions found in mix water and rain.
- PDMS has the unusual property of being permeable to oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor allowing the forage plant to continue to dry down under normal
- compositions suppress mold, heating, and spoilage in feed and forage products by coating the feed/forage with polydimethylsiloxane of the formula R3-SiO[Si(CH3)2O]nSi-R3 where R is any organic or inorganic functional group.
- the polydimethylsiloxane may contain any siloxane chemical derivative of the formula R3- SiO[Si(CH3)2O]nSi-R3 where the value n is any number of repeating monomer units, for example 10 - 500, preferably 50 - 300, and more preferably 175 - 200, with 182 being the current optimum.
- PDMS with n equal to approximately 182 is effective, but expects a wide range of n to be effective. Viscosity of silicone of 300 to over 1000 centistokes has been approved by the FDA for food grade additive, and the inventor expects that PDMS with viscosity of this range, and lower viscosity, will be effective.
- the preferred embodiments are sprayed or otherwise applied to feed/forage such as alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, grass hay, grass silage, grain hay, grain silage, com silage, corn (such as rolled, flaked, cracked or processed), or other food sources for dairy, livestock, or other animal operations.
- the grain hay and/or grain silage may be, for example, barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, or other cereal grain or silage.
- the PDMS may be mixed with live bacterial products, enzyme products, and/or organic or mineral acid products to further enhance fermentation and/or preservation in the feed mass.
- Preferred embodiments include applying the PDMS composition to the forage mass during cutting, so that the PDMS coats the large stems and/or small stems, and leaves of the forage mass.
- the PDMS composition acts as a chemical barrier against rain and a variety of other weathering effects.
- the PDMS composition reduces mold, improves color retention, reduces leaf shatter (loss), reduces aerobic microbial heating in stored forages, and reduces oxidation in stored forages.
- Preferred embodiments comprise application by spraying or other processes of a liquid containing silicone onto a feed/forage crop at, before, or after cutting of the crop, for example, preferably at the time of swathing, baling, or storing the feed/forage.
- the preferred liquid containing PDMS should be applied no more than 5 days prior and no later than 14 days after cutting of the crop, more preferably within one day before or after cutting, and most preferably at the time of cutting the crop.
- PDMS has been used in the past as a wetting/spreader agent for pesticides or insecticides on forage plants, well in advance of cutting of the forage, for example, at least 15 - 30 days before cutting the forage and more typically 2 - 6 months before cutting.
- Said use as a wetting/spreader agent typically involves application of silicone in an amount less than 18 ppm on the forage less than 4 ppm on a dry matter basis.
- PDMS has also been used as an antifoam additive in silage products, in extremely low amounts, that is, ppb of PDMS on the silage, for example, 0.5 - 2 ppb on a dry matter basis.
- the application rate/amount of PDMS may be 18— 300 ppm PDMS on the forage on a dry matter basis, and more preferably 20 - 70 ppm PDMS on the forage on a dry matter basis, and most preferably 30 - 50 ppm PDMS on the forage on a dry matter basis.
- the PDMS of the preferred embodiments of the invention is applied substantially later than said spreading/wetting agents for pesticides or herbicides, and substantially before additive of anti-foaming agents in silage products.
- the amounts of PDMS applied in the preferably embodiments will preferably be greater than the amounts used as a pesticide/herbicide spreading/wetting agent and as an anti- foaming agent.
- PDMS is weakly ionic. This allows the molecule to attach to organic substances such as the wax on alfalfa and grass leaves. Unlike silicates and siliconates, PDMS is not water soluble and will not wash off under the force of rain or heavy dew.
- PDMS will not get bound by other ionic compounds such as metals ions found in mix water and rain.
- PDMS as the unusual property of being permeable to oxygen, nitrogen, and
- PDMS doses of PDMS are in terms of 100% PDMS that may be supplied, for example, as part of a PDMS solution called "30% PDMS".
- the preferred "30% PDMS” solution consists of 67 LV% water plus emulsifiers, 3 LV% Silicone Dioxide, and 30 LV% PDMS, and may be obtained from Trans-Chemco, of Bristol, WI, USA. Examples of Specific Preferred Recipes, for Embodiments A - D (Above)
- A. Swather- Applied Base Formula on Forage which is, for example, alfalfa hay, grass hay, or grain hay such as barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, or other cereal grain hay, typically on the order of 80 weight-% moisture level (water content at the time of swathing or windrowing).
- This composition is applied on forage at time of swathing or windrowing (preferably by spray applied from the swather or windrower equipment so that it is applied within about 1 minute of swathing or windrowing).
- B. Baler- Applied Base Formula on Forage wherein the forage is, for example, alfalfa hay, grass hay, or grain hay such as barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, or other cereal grain hay, typically on the order of 8 - 45% moisture level (water content), with 12 - 15% moisture level preferred.
- Composition is applied on forage at time of baling, preferably by spray applied from the baling equipment so that it is applied within about 1 minute of baling. Again, the notes below the table describe how many ounces of the treatment composition are applied per ton of forage in the field (not adjusting to a dry weight).
- Baler- Applied Base Formula per ton of Baleage wherein the baleage may be, for example, alfalfa hay, grass hay, or grain hay such as barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, or other cereal grain hay.
- Baleage is a cross between dry hay and silage. This translates into normal hay cut and laid into a windrow then baled into small wet bales typically at around 40 - 85% moisture, and preferably 50 - 65% moisture content. This technique is getting more attention due to new equipment and methods recently developed in the industry. Therefore, this Baler- Applied Base Formula for Baleage is applied directly to alfalfa and grass hay, for example, at the baler for those forages classified as baleage.
- the silage may be, for example, alfalfa hay, grass hay, or grain hay such as barley, wheat, oats, rye, triticale, or other cereal grain hay, which is typically at a 40 - 85% moisture level, and more preferably 60 - 72% moisture level (water content).
- LFP Liquid Fermentation Product
- the LFP described above is a liquid lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product, which contains natural protein compounds that are natural emulsifier, particularly lactic acid and/or casein.
- the preferred LFP comprises culturing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria in liquid comprising milk product(s), and phosphate(s), with pH control accomplished with aqua ammonia.
- the resulting LFP contains casein and lactic acid, which are believed to be effective emulsifiers for handling and spraying the PDMS- containing treatment composition.
- One, but not the only, recipe may be as follows:
- LA lactobacillus acidophilus
- ATCC American Type Culture Collection
- the LA may be cultured for several days, for example, in 1000 gallons of water, 200 - 400 pounds of whey, and 1000 - 2000 grams diammonium phosphate, or other nutrient liquids as will be understood by those of skill in bacteria culturing.
- Aqua ammonia (26% ammonia in water) may be added throughout the fermentation for pH control.
- the fermentation product LFP is then able to be used as an emulsifier.
- LFP Low density polystyrene
- emulsifiers such as xanthan gum, Polysorbate 80, and others.
- Other earners for the PDMS, in addition to, or in place of, the LPF, could include various emulsifiers, for example, agar gum.
- the LFP carrier is organic, 75% phosphoric acid is added to drop the pH below 2.0 for preservation and improved storage. The range for this ingredient is preferably 3.5 to 4.5%.
- Phosphoric acid may be obtained from Univar or Brenntag West, for example.
- Alternatives to phosphoric acid could be acetic acid, lactic acid, proprionic acid, and sulfuric acid, for example.
- Trans-Chemco, Inc. "TRANS-30" is the preferred food-grade silicone source, which contains approximately 60 - 70% water plus emulsifiers, up to about 3 LV% silicone dioxide, and 27 - 33 LV% PDMS, totaling 100 LV .
- the emulsifiers are believed to account for approximately 10 LV% of the food-grade silicone mixture, and may include, for example, conventionally-known emulsifiers such as fatty acid esters.
- PDMS sources may be used.
- silicone dioxide and emulsifiers of the Trans-Chemco 30% PMDS are not believed to be necessary and 100% PDMS could be used instead.
- the preferred R group for the polysiloxane compound is simply the CH3 methyl-group, but other R groups may be found to be effective.
- Enzyme products may be added to the base formula, for example, in amounts ranging from 5% to 75%.
- Enzyme products may be added to the base formula, for example, in amounts ranging from 5% to 75%.
- the cobalt carbonate added to the preferred compositions is in powder form, and is available from various suppliers, such as ADM or Western Stockman's. As possible replacements of the cobalt carbonate, other mineral carbonates could be used, such as zinc carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate but we have more experience and trust in cobalt.
- the range of addition preferably ranges from 0.5 to 0.6%.
- the mineral carbonates help keep oxygen from degrading the LFP.
- Components that are not desirable and/or not needed in the composition for application to forage are: waxes, silicates including methyl silicates, siliconates, and other ionic chemicals. In many embodiments, it is desired that pesticides and herbicides not be included or should be less than 5 ppm.
- the preferred method of preparing the PDMS mix/spray is:
- Cobalt carbonate is added to the LFP
- the 30% PDMS liquid is the added and mixed for 10 minutes;
- Phosphoric acid 75% is added and mixed for an additional 10 minutes;
- This mixture is applied to the forage mass by injecting the mixture product in line with water directly ahead of the spray nozzles. Adequate water is applied to assure good spray pattern and application typically 48 - 128 oz of water per ton of forage. When the mixture is to be applied to silage, the mixture is not mixed with water but rather applied directly without water as the forage is chopped.
- Example #1 Water repellency when applied at the windrower.
- Test Objective To determine the effects of PDMS on swathed alfalfa hay with and without the application of water.
- Test Procedure A single field of alfalfa hay (2 nd cutting) was swathed. One part of the field was selected for the application of 5 oz of the preferred PDMS solution in 6.5 oz of bacterial carrier of the formula: PDMS: 5 oz of 30% PDMS (see composition of this preferred PDMS solution, that is, "30% PDMS", explained above in this document)
- Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Carrier 6.5 oz
- the hay treated with PDMS showed significantly higher feed value results. No visible mold was detected on the treated bales. Untreated bales showed approximately 10% mold formation. Treated hay had significantly greener look, softer feel, and better smell. See a photograph of the treated hay bale in Figure 1, and see analysis of the treated hay compared to the untreated hay, in the table below.
- Test Objective To determine the efficacy of a PDMS silicone mix with water on the control of mold on forage crops using chopped hay samples.
- Test Procedure Samples of chopped hay (haylage) were taken from the field and treated with a mix of PDMS and water (sample A-2) and other samples were treated with just water (Sample 11-2).
- the PDMS liquid was mixed as follows:
- PDMS 1/2 oz of 30% PDMS (see above definition) added to 15 oz of distilled water and applied using a commercial grade hand spray bottle. Total liquid equals 15 oz equivalent per ton of forage. This equates to .5 oz for PDMS per ton of treated forage. (Forage equivalent mass estimated at 15% moisture.)
- the PDMS-treated haylage sample showed significantly less mold growth after 6 months than the untreated (water-treated-only) sample. Mold was capable of forming on the outside of the forage sample along the plastic forage interface but was not able to propagate into the forage mass.
- the untreated sample formed mold on the surface of the sample and throughout the mass of the sample. See the treated sample in Figure 2 A and the treated sample in Figure 2B.
- Figure 2 A shows a the treated sample inside an opened plastic bag/wrap; the visible surface of the treated sample has substantially maintained its normal texture and color, with only small amounts of mold (all at the interface between the plastic container and the sample), illustrating little or no mold growing in the interior of the sample.
- Figure 2B shows the untreated sample inside an opened plastic bag/wrap; the visible surface of untreated sample is substantially (greater than 90%) covered with mold.
- PDMS disrupts the propagation of mold preventing mold from growing.
- PDMS has only marginal ability to control mold growth at the plastic - forage interface. Note that a small amount of mold formed in the PDMS - plastic interface though the remainder of the forage was untouched by mold.
- the inventor believes the reason for this is that PDMS is only active if it is not constantly saturated with oxygen or moisture. For example, once hay is baled it is protected from external moisture and oxygen allowing the PDMS to attach itself without constant surface bombardment from oxygen and moisture, hi silages, we are typically only able to eliminate the "crust" when it was covered by plastic. PDMS becomes very hydrophobic giving it the ability to suppress mold and heating.
- Test Objective To determine the effect of PDMS on the control of mold and forage deterioration in high moisture forage products.
- PDMS 2 oz of 30% PDMS (per definition of "30% PDMS" given above)
- Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Carrier 3.75 oz
- Test Objective To determine the effects of PDMS on baled alfalfa hay with and without the application of PDMS.
- Test Procedure A single field of alfalfa hay was baled from alfalfa presoaked with standing water (est. 4-5 inches). One part of the field was selected for the application of 12 oz of PDMS mix containing for following formula:
- PDMS 4 oz of 30% PDMS (per definition of "30% PDMS" given above)
- Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Carrier 7.5 oz
- Test Objective To determine the effects of PDMS on swathed alfalfa hay with and without the application of PDMS under normal to optimum haying conditions.
- Test Procedure A single field of alfalfa hay was swathed from a field of alfalfa eliminating any adverse effects (e.g. rain, dirt, high moisture at the time of baling) using the following formula:
- PDMS 5 oz of 30% PDMS (per definition of "30% PDMS" given above)
- Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Carrier 6.5 oz
- Example #6 Effect of PDMS on Silage Preservation Test Objective: To determine the effects of PDMS on silages including grass silages.
- Test Procedure A single field of grass was cut and chopped and treated with the following formula:
- Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Carrier 4 oz
- Test Objective To determine the effects of different concentrations of PDMS on the ability of forages to repel water.
- Test Procedure Samples of freshly cut alfalfa hay was taken and applied with varying concentrations of PDMS through a sprayer to simulate the application of PDMS on field conditions.
- Sample 1 0.93 grams of 30% PDMS Solution in 24 ounces of distilled water
- Sample 2 3.75 grams of 30% PDMS Solution in 24 ounces of distilled water
- the application applied was between 2-3 grams of total solution per sample using a sprayer. Percent absorbency was measured by applying water through the sprayer to the forage surface and then applying mechanical motion (shaking) to the forage. The forage was weighed before the step of spraying of the water onto the forage, and weighed again after the shaking step, so that the weight difference could be determined, which corresponded to the amount of water absorbed on the forage. An untreated control pit was not prepared.
- concentration of PDMS per sample that is, increased water repellency with increased amounts of PDMS applied to a given amount of forage.
- Some embodiments of the invention include application of a treatment composition that comprises ranging from about 5 - 40000 ppm PDMS on forage, dry mater basis.
- the preferred application in this range of PDMS on forage occurs as early as 5 days before cutting and as late as 14 days after cutting, more preferably within a period extending from 3 days before to 7 days after cutting of the forage, and even more preferably within 1 day or less before or after cutting of the forage. Most preferably, the application is done within one hour before or after the cutting.
- the more preferred ppm of PDMS applied to forage is 18 - 300 ppm PDMS (dry matter basis), and more preferably in amounts ranging from 20 - 70 ppm PDMS on the forage (dry matter basis), and most preferably 30 - 50 ppm PDMS on the forage (dry matter basis).
- the treatment composition may include various components, in addition to the PDMS, including water or other earner liquids, emulsifiers, preservatives, fermentation products, or other components for keeping the silicone suspended/mixed in the treatment composition, but the inventor considers the broad scope of the invention to include PDMS in any liquid that is sprayed on the forage within a short time of the cutting of the forage, preferably within the time range explained above in this paragraph and preferably in the ppm PDMS range explained above.
- the preferred embodiments are not compositions for pest control (pesticide) or weed control (herbicide), and therefore do not comprise chemical that are conventionally known as pesticides and weed herbicides.
- the preferred embodiments are not compositions for anti-foaming processes/results during
- the invention may comprise feed or forage products that have been treated/coated with embodiments of the treatment composition.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US23020709P | 2009-07-31 | 2009-07-31 | |
US34919010P | 2010-05-27 | 2010-05-27 | |
PCT/US2010/036745 WO2011014295A1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-05-28 | Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using same |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2563161A1 true EP2563161A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
EP2563161A4 EP2563161A4 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2563161B1 EP2563161B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
Family
ID=43529636
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10804849.7A Not-in-force EP2563161B1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-05-28 | Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2563161B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2800901C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011014295A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8685476B2 (en) | 2009-03-19 | 2014-04-01 | Mark L. Folkman | Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4508737A (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1985-04-02 | International Stock Food Corporation | Method for preserving silage and related compositions |
US4556505A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1985-12-03 | Fenn & Company | Material for drying cut plants and grains and methods of facilitating such drying |
US4561995A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1985-12-31 | Fenn & Company | Material for drying cut plants and methods of facilitating such drying |
US5888501A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1999-03-30 | Auburn University | Induced systemic resistance of plants to pathogenic microorganisms |
US20030072857A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-04-17 | Vinelli Monique F. | Method for preserving processed grain and animal feed comprising the same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU1272483A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-10-13 | Fenn & Co. | Material for drying cut plants and grains and methods of facilitating drying |
US4592915A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1986-06-03 | Goyette Lewis E | Process and compositions for stabilization of forages |
JP2000503201A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 2000-03-21 | バイオタル・リミテッド | Microorganisms and their use in the treatment of animal feed and stored grass |
KR100630390B1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2006-10-02 | (주)재인바이오텍 | Water-dispersible pellet feeds and preparation method thereof |
AU2007221203B2 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2013-02-21 | The Chemours Company Fc, Llc | Removable antimicrobial coating compositions and methods of use |
-
2010
- 2010-05-28 EP EP10804849.7A patent/EP2563161B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-05-28 CA CA2800901A patent/CA2800901C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-28 WO PCT/US2010/036745 patent/WO2011014295A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4508737A (en) * | 1977-11-18 | 1985-04-02 | International Stock Food Corporation | Method for preserving silage and related compositions |
US4556505A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1985-12-03 | Fenn & Company | Material for drying cut plants and grains and methods of facilitating such drying |
US4561995A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1985-12-31 | Fenn & Company | Material for drying cut plants and methods of facilitating such drying |
US5888501A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1999-03-30 | Auburn University | Induced systemic resistance of plants to pathogenic microorganisms |
US20030072857A1 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-04-17 | Vinelli Monique F. | Method for preserving processed grain and animal feed comprising the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2011014295A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2800901C (en) | 2015-03-17 |
WO2011014295A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
CA2800901A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
EP2563161B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP2563161A4 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Prandini et al. | On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products | |
US4820531A (en) | Bacterial treatment to preserve hay quality by addition of microorganisms of the genus bacillus | |
US20240180155A1 (en) | Antimicrobial Compositions and Related Methods of Use | |
DK2197296T3 (en) | silage Mediterranean | |
Collins | Hay preservation effects on yield and quality | |
US4346118A (en) | Antimicrobial agents added to animal feeds | |
US20140342039A1 (en) | Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and method of using same | |
US4863747A (en) | Bacterial treatment to preserve hay quality by addition of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus | |
US4123552A (en) | Compositions for preserving crops and animal feedstuffs | |
CA2114102C (en) | Natamycin treatment of dried whole kernel grains | |
CA2800901C (en) | Polysiloxane (silicone) treatment composition for suppression of mold and spoilage on animal feed and forage, and methods of using same | |
CN100508779C (en) | Process for the disinfection and/or preservation of harvested plant material | |
SE454477B (en) | COMPOSITION FOR ENSILING GROUND FOOD OR LIKE | |
JP3672891B2 (en) | Functional wood vinegar | |
US4983406A (en) | Preservation of feed | |
CA1160096A (en) | Use of phospholipids as mould inhibiting agents in siloed forage | |
US20100239718A1 (en) | Use of polydimethylsiloxane and/or siloxane (silicone) derived chemical compounds in the suppression of mold and spoilage on harvested forages | |
EP0475684A1 (en) | Forage composition | |
WO1986007238A1 (en) | Method of inhibiting mycotoxin formation in human and animal foodstuffs | |
YISA | SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER, ZINC OXIDE AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE STARCH BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FILM FOR MAIZE PACKAGING | |
Raeker | Preservation of high moisture corn by propionate treatment | |
CA1067335A (en) | Method of treating hay and product | |
WO2023181004A1 (en) | Mixture for antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral treatment | |
Filya et al. | Improving the aerobic stability of whole-crop cereal silages | |
CN109169864A (en) | Method for removing core and keeping fresh of fresh jujube |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20130118 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20141002 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: A23P 1/08 20060101ALI20140926BHEP Ipc: A23K 1/14 20060101AFI20140926BHEP Ipc: A23K 1/16 20060101ALI20140926BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20151014 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Ref document number: 602010032311 Country of ref document: DE Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: A23K0001140000 Ipc: A23K0010140000 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: A23K 10/14 20160101AFI20160225BHEP Ipc: A23K 10/16 20160101ALI20160225BHEP Ipc: A23P 20/00 20160101ALI20160225BHEP |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 789068 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160415 Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602010032311 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 789068 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20160413 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160713 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160714 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160816 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602010032311 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160531 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160531 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20170131 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20170116 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160613 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20161201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160528 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20100528 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160531 Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20160528 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20160413 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20210519 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20220528 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20220528 |