EP2556906B1 - Device for forging a hollow body - Google Patents

Device for forging a hollow body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2556906B1
EP2556906B1 EP12173396.8A EP12173396A EP2556906B1 EP 2556906 B1 EP2556906 B1 EP 2556906B1 EP 12173396 A EP12173396 A EP 12173396A EP 2556906 B1 EP2556906 B1 EP 2556906B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
mandrel
segments
forging
core
hollow body
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EP12173396.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2556906A1 (en
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Robert Koppensteiner
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GFM GmbH
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GFM GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for forging a hollow body with centrally symmetrically arranged around a forging axis forging tools and a forging mandrel.
  • the forging of hollow bodies has the advantage over the known rolling methods for producing such hollow bodies, inter alia, that different outer shapes of the hollow body can be produced due to the comparatively simple replacement of the forging tools and the generally possible possibility of tool adjustment.
  • this does not apply to the inner shape of the hollow body defining forging mandrels, which are made of a heat-resistant material and must have a respective inner diameter of the hollow body corresponding outer diameter, so that for different inner contours of the hollow body to be produced each separate forged mandrels must be used.
  • a generic device for forging is from the Japanese document JP-A-63309347 known,
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to reduce the costs associated with the conversion of forging devices for the production of hollow bodies with different cavity dimensions effort, in particular with regard to the storage of the forged mandrels.
  • the invention solves the problem set by the characterizing features of claim 1. Since this measure can be used for different diameters of the cavity of the hollow body to be manufactured a uniform mandrel core, while for the formation of the inner contour assigning the hollow body authoritative shaping surfaces mandrel segments, which are held interchangeable on the mandrel core, there is the possibility to use the respective inner diameters of the finished hollow body adapted mandrel segments without having to replace the mandrel core.
  • mandrel segments can be thermally insulated from the mandrel core, so that the mandrel core can be largely relieved of higher thermal loads.
  • favorable conditions for a possible cooling or heating of the mandrel segments which can be connected via appropriate in the mandrel core lines for a cooling or heating medium to appropriate cooling or heating.
  • the holder of the mandrel segments on the mandrel core can be solved constructively in different ways.
  • a simple way to replace the mandrel segments without special effort is to insert the mandrel segments in undercut grooves of the mandrel core form fit. It is basically possible to arrange the undercut grooves parallel or transverse to the mandrel axis, so that the mandrel segments are detected once along their longitudinal edges and the other times the front side.
  • the undercut grooves may be incorporated in the mandrel core.
  • Particularly simple construction conditions arise when at least one side wall of the undercut grooves is formed as releasably connected to the mandrel core profile strip, because in this case, the associated mandrel segments can be removed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the undercut groove from the mandrel core by loosening this profile.
  • mandrel segments can be used in their radial extent. So that the required number of different mandrel segments can be kept small, the mandrel segments can be supported by spacers on the mandrel core. By adjustable or replaceable spacers thus the diameter of the enveloping circles of the mandrel segments can be adapted to the inner dimensions of the hollow body to be produced without having to replace the mandrel segments.
  • the deviations of the shaping surfaces of the mandrel segments from the respective enveloping circle does not matter if the hollow body to be manufactured is rotated accordingly with respect to the forging mandrel.
  • the mandrel segments distributed over the circumference of the mandrel core can also be used for the production of hollow bodies with longitudinally grooved cavities.
  • both the mandrel segments and the peripheral portions of the mandrel core between the mandrel segments form molding surfaces for the cavity of the hollow body.
  • the forging mandrel is rotated with the workpiece.
  • Fig. 1 are forging a hollow body 1, in the case of the embodiment, a pipe, forged to a center axis symmetrically arranged forging tools 2, which cooperate with a forging mandrel 3.
  • the hollow body 1 is conveyed by means of a clamping device 4 in the feed direction 5 between the forging tools 2, which beat the hollow body 1 against the forging mandrel 3.
  • the hollow body 1 can be issued if necessary, a rotation about the forging axis.
  • the forging mandrel 3 is conventionally attached to a mandrel bar 6, via which, depending on the forging conditions, a lubricant and cooling or heating media can be supplied to the forging mandrel 3.
  • the forging mandrel 3 can also be driven in rotation, if required by the use.
  • the forging mandrel 3 differs from conventional forged mandrels because it is composed of a mandrel core 7 and mandrel segments 8, which are distributed around the circumference of the mandrel core 7 depending on the circumferential distribution of the forging tools 2 and form mold surfaces 9 for the cavity of the hollow body 1. Like that Fig. 3 to 7 can be removed, are different ways to support the mandrel segments 8 on the mandrel core 7 available. After the FIGS. 2 and 3 the mandrel segments 8 are guided in longitudinal grooves 10 of the mandrel core 7 and frontally clamped in the radial direction.
  • the mandrel core 7 for receiving the end of the mandrel segments 8 undercuts 11 which cooperate with undercuts 12 of the profile strips 13, so that between the undercuts 11 of the mandrel core 7 and the undercuts 12 of the profile strips 3 undercut grooves for receiving the end in the longitudinal grooves 10 guided mandrel segments 8 result.
  • the mandrel core 7 has dovetail-shaped undercut grooves 14 for the positive retention of the mandrel segments 8.
  • the mandrel segments 8 according to the 6 and 7 are also held in undercut grooves 14, but these undercut grooves 14 in the embodiment of the 6 and 7 formed by the groove walls forming profile strips 15.
  • the mandrel segments 8 can be supported by spacers 16 on the mandrel core 7. About this spacer 16 thus the enveloping circle of the mandrel segments 8 can be adapted to the respective requirements.
  • the spacers 16 may also serve for the thermal insulation of the mandrel core 7 relative to the mandrel segments 8.
  • the mandrel segments 8 can be made of different materials. In order not to have to produce the entire mandrel segments 8 made of a heat-resistant material, the mandrel segments 8 may be constructed of a supporting body 17 and the forming surfaces 9 forming, heat-resistant wear body 18, as for example the Fig. 3 and 4 can be removed.
  • Fig. 5 and 7 is the possibility of cooling or heating of the mandrel segments 8 indicated by channels 19 are formed in the mandrel core 7 for guiding a cooling or heating medium, which are connected via the mandrel 6 to a cooling or heating.
  • the embodiment of the forging mandrel 3 according to the 8 and 9 differs from the other embodiments in that the mandrel segments 8 are mounted radially adjustable on the mandrel core 7, via a wedge gear 20.
  • These wedge gear 20 for the individual mandrel segments 8 have the mandrel core 7 associated wedge surfaces 21 which with counter wedge surfaces 22 of Thorn segments 8 cooperate, which are guided longitudinally displaceably in dovetail-shaped undercut grooves 23 of the mandrel core 7 in order to prevent a radial lifting of the mandrel segments 8 from the mandrel core 7.
  • the mandrel segments 8 are connected to an adjusting sleeve 24, via which the mandrel segments 8 can be displaced axially relative to the mandrel core 7, whereby due to the cooperating wedge surfaces 21 and 22, a radial displacement of the mandrel segments 8 is connected.
  • This radial movement of the mandrel segments 8 relative to the adjusting sleeve 24 is ensured by a corresponding guide of the adjusting sleeve 24 in radially extending undercut grooves 25.
  • the position of the mandrel segments 8 is shown in the radially extended and radially retracted position.
  • peripheral portions 26 of the mandrel core 7 between the mandrel segments 8 can also serve as forming surfaces for forming the inner wall of the hollow body when the forging mandrel participates in the rotational movements of the hollow body during the forging process.
  • hollow body 1 can be produced with internal grooves, which can also have a different depth over their length in a continuous adjustment of the wedge gear.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Schmieden eines Hohlkörpers mit zentrisch symmetrisch um eine Schmiedeachse angeordneten Schmiedewerkzeugen und mit einem Schmiededorn.The invention relates to a device for forging a hollow body with centrally symmetrically arranged around a forging axis forging tools and a forging mandrel.

Das Schmieden von Hohlkörpern, insbesondere von Rohren, hat gegenüber den bekannten Walzverfahren zur Herstellung solcher Hohlkörper unter anderem den Vorteil, dass unterschiedliche Außenformen des Hohlkörpers aufgrund des vergleichsweise einfachen Austauschs der Schmiedewerkzeuge und der im Allgemeinen gegebenen Möglichkeit der Werkzeugverstellung hergestellt werden können. Dies gilt jedoch nicht für die die Innenform des Hohlkörpers bestimmenden Schmiededorne, die aus einem hitzebeständigen Werkstoff gefertigt werden und einen dem jeweiligen Innendurchmessers des Hohlkörpers entsprechenden Außendurchmesser aufweisen müssen, sodass für unterschiedliche Innenkonturen der zu fertigenden Hohlkörper jeweils gesonderte Schmiededorne zum Einsatz kommen müssen.The forging of hollow bodies, in particular of tubes, has the advantage over the known rolling methods for producing such hollow bodies, inter alia, that different outer shapes of the hollow body can be produced due to the comparatively simple replacement of the forging tools and the generally possible possibility of tool adjustment. However, this does not apply to the inner shape of the hollow body defining forging mandrels, which are made of a heat-resistant material and must have a respective inner diameter of the hollow body corresponding outer diameter, so that for different inner contours of the hollow body to be produced each separate forged mandrels must be used.

Um die Standzeit von wärmebelasteten Schmiededornen zu erhöhen, ist es bekannt ( AT 350 356 B ), für den Schmiededorn einen Außenmantel aus einem wärmebeständigen Stahl auf einer Traghülse vorzusehen, die gekühlt wird, sodass aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Werkstoffe im Zusammenhang mit einer Kühlung der Traghülse mit einem Wasser-Luftgemisch die Standzeit des Schmiededorns verbessert werden kann. Ein solcher Aufbau eines Schmiededorns bringt jedoch hinsichtlich der Anpassung an unterschiedliche Innenkonturen der zu fertigenden Hohlkörper keine Vorteile mit sich.In order to increase the service life of heat-loaded forged thorns, it is known ( AT 350 356 B ), for the forging mandrel to provide an outer shell made of a heat-resistant steel on a support sleeve, which is cooled so that the service life of the forging mandrel can be improved due to the different materials in connection with cooling the support sleeve with a water-air mixture. Such a construction of a blacksmith's mandrel However, with regard to the adaptation to different inner contours of the hollow body to be produced has no advantages.

Eine gattungsgemässe Vorrichtung zum Schmieden ist aus der japanischen Druckschrift JP-A-63309347 bekannt,A generic device for forging is from the Japanese document JP-A-63309347 known,

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, den mit dem Umrüsten von Schmiedevorrichtungen zur Herstellung von Hohlkörpern mit unterschiedlichen Hohlraumabmessungen verbundenen Aufwand insbesondere hinsichtlich der Lagerhaltung der Schmiededorne zu verringern.The invention is therefore based on the object to reduce the costs associated with the conversion of forging devices for the production of hollow bodies with different cavity dimensions effort, in particular with regard to the storage of the forged mandrels.

Ausgehend von einer Schmiedevorrichtung der eingangs geschilderten Art löst die Erfindung die gestellte Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1. Da zufolge dieser Maßnahme für unterschiedliche Durchmesser des Hohlraums der zu fertigenden Hohlkörper ein einheitlicher Dornkern zum Einsatz kommen kann, während die für die Ausbildung der Innenkontur des Hohlkörpers maßgebenden Formflächen Dornsegmenten zugeordnet werden, die auswechselbar am Dornkern gehalten werden, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den jeweiligen Innendurchmessern der zu fertigenden Hohlkörper angepasste Dornsegmente einzusetzen, ohne den Dornkern ersetzen zu müssen. Diese auswechselbaren, über den Umfang des Dornkerns verteilten Dornsegmente erlauben aber nicht nur eine einfache Anpassung des Schmiededorns an unterschiedliche Abmessungen des Hohlkörpers, sondern bringen auch bessere Möglichkeiten der Werkstoffausnutzung mit sich, weil die hitzebeständigen Werkstoffe lediglich im Bereich der Dornsegmente eingesetzt zu werden brauchen.Starting from a forging device of the type described above, the invention solves the problem set by the characterizing features of claim 1. Since this measure can be used for different diameters of the cavity of the hollow body to be manufactured a uniform mandrel core, while for the formation of the inner contour assigning the hollow body authoritative shaping surfaces mandrel segments, which are held interchangeable on the mandrel core, there is the possibility to use the respective inner diameters of the finished hollow body adapted mandrel segments without having to replace the mandrel core. These interchangeable, over the circumference of the mandrel core distributed mandrel segments allow not only a simple adaptation of the forging mandrel to different dimensions of the hollow body, but also bring better opportunities for material utilization with it, because the heat-resistant materials need to be used only in the mandrel segments.

Darüber hinaus können die Dornsegmente gegenüber dem Dornkern thermisch gedämmt angeordnet werden, sodass der Dornkern von höheren thermischen Belastungen weitgehend entlastet werden kann. Außerdem ergeben sich günstige Bedingungen für eine allfällige Kühlung oder Heizung der Dornsegmente, die über im Dornkern vorgesehene Leitungen für ein Kühl- bzw. Heizmedium an entsprechende Kühl- oder Heizeinrichtung angeschlossen werden können.In addition, the mandrel segments can be thermally insulated from the mandrel core, so that the mandrel core can be largely relieved of higher thermal loads. In addition, favorable conditions for a possible cooling or heating of the mandrel segments, which can be connected via appropriate in the mandrel core lines for a cooling or heating medium to appropriate cooling or heating.

Die Halterung der Dornsegmente auf dem Dornkern kann auf unterschiedliche Weise konstruktiv gelöst werden. Eine einfache Art, die Dornsegmente ohne besonderen Arbeitsaufwand auszuwechseln, besteht darin, die Dornsegmente in hinterschnittene Nuten des Dornkerns formschlüssig einzusetzen. Dabei ist es grundsätzlich möglich, die hinterschnittenen Nuten parallel oder quer zur Dornachse anzuordnen, sodass die Dornsegmente einmal entlang ihrer Längsränder und das andere Mal stirnseitig erfasst werden.The holder of the mandrel segments on the mandrel core can be solved constructively in different ways. A simple way to replace the mandrel segments without special effort is to insert the mandrel segments in undercut grooves of the mandrel core form fit. It is basically possible to arrange the undercut grooves parallel or transverse to the mandrel axis, so that the mandrel segments are detected once along their longitudinal edges and the other times the front side.

Die hinterschnittenen Nuten können in den Dornkern eingearbeitet sein. Besonders einfache Konstruktionsbedingungen ergeben sich jedoch, wenn wenigstens eine Seitenwand der hinterschnittenen Nuten als lösbar mit dem Dornkern verbundene Profilleiste ausgebildet ist, weil in diesem Fall durch ein Lösen dieser Profilleiste die zugehörigen Dornsegmente quer zur Längsrichtung der hinterschnittenen Nut vom Dornkern abgenommen werden können.The undercut grooves may be incorporated in the mandrel core. Particularly simple construction conditions, however, arise when at least one side wall of the undercut grooves is formed as releasably connected to the mandrel core profile strip, because in this case, the associated mandrel segments can be removed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the undercut groove from the mandrel core by loosening this profile.

Um unterschiedliche Durchmesser für den Hohlkörper zu erreichen, können in ihrer radialen Erstreckung unterschiedliche Dornsegmente zum Einsatz kommen. Damit die benötigte Anzahl an unterschiedlichen Dornsegmenten klein gehalten werden kann, können die Dornsegmente über Abstandhalter am Dornkern abgestützt werden. Durch einstellbare oder auswechselbare Abstandhalter können somit die Durchmesser der Hüllkreise der Dornsegmente an die Innenabmessungen des zu fertigenden Hohlkörpers angepasst werden, ohne die Dornsegmente auswechseln zu müssen. Die Abweichungen der Formflächen der Dornsegmente vom jeweiligen Hüllkreis spielt dabei dann keine Rolle, wenn der zu fertigende Hohlkörper gegenüber dem Schmiededorn entsprechend gedreht wird.In order to achieve different diameters for the hollow body, different mandrel segments can be used in their radial extent. So that the required number of different mandrel segments can be kept small, the mandrel segments can be supported by spacers on the mandrel core. By adjustable or replaceable spacers thus the diameter of the enveloping circles of the mandrel segments can be adapted to the inner dimensions of the hollow body to be produced without having to replace the mandrel segments. The deviations of the shaping surfaces of the mandrel segments from the respective enveloping circle does not matter if the hollow body to be manufactured is rotated accordingly with respect to the forging mandrel.

Besonders einfache Bedingungen zum Umrüsten eines Schmiededorns auf unterschiedliche Innenabmessungen des zu fertigenden Hohlkörpers ergeben sich, wenn die Dornsegmente über Keilgetriebe radial verstellbar auf dem Dornkern gelagert sind. Zur Änderung des Außendurchmessers des Schmiededorns sind in diesem Fall lediglich die Keilgetriebe zu betätigen, was die zusätzliche Möglichkeit eröffnet, Hohlkörper mit sich in axialer Richtung konisch verjüngenden Hohlräumen zu fertigen, weil ja der Durchmesser des Schmiededorns während des Vorschubs des Werkstücks entsprechend kontinuierlich geändert werden kann.Particularly simple conditions for converting a forging mandrel to different inner dimensions of the hollow body to be produced arise when the mandrel segments via Wedge gear radially adjustable on the Dorn core are stored. To change the outer diameter of the forging mandrel, only the wedge gear are to be actuated in this case, which opens the additional possibility to produce hollow body with conically tapered cavities in the axial direction, because yes, the diameter of the forging mandrel during the advance of the workpiece can be changed accordingly ,

Die über den Umfang des Dornkerns verteilten Dornsegmente können auch zur Herstellung von Hohlkörpern mit längsgenuteten Hohlräumen verwendet werden. In diesem Fall bilden sowohl die Dornsegmente als auch die Umfangsabschnitte des Dornkerns zwischen den Dornsegmenten Formflächen für den Hohlraum des Hohlköpers. Voraussetzung ist allerdings, dass der Schmiededorn mit dem Werkstück mitgedreht wird. Bei in radialer Richtung kontinuierlich verstellbar auf dem Dornkern gelagerten Dornsegmenten können die durch die Dornsegmente bestimmten Nuten in der Innenwandung des Hohlkörpers auch eine sich über die Länge des Hohlkörpers ändernde Tiefe aufweisen.The mandrel segments distributed over the circumference of the mandrel core can also be used for the production of hollow bodies with longitudinally grooved cavities. In this case, both the mandrel segments and the peripheral portions of the mandrel core between the mandrel segments form molding surfaces for the cavity of the hollow body. Prerequisite, however, is that the forging mandrel is rotated with the workpiece. When the mandrel core is mounted in a continuously variable manner in the radial direction on the mandrel core, the mandrels defined by the mandrel segments in the inner wall of the hollow body can also have a depth that varies over the length of the hollow body.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Schmieden eines Hohlkörpers ausschnittsweise im Bereich der Schmiedewerkzeuge in einem schematischen Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
einen Schmiededorn in einer zum Teil aufgerissenen vereinfachten Seitenansicht,
Fig. 3
den Schmiededorn 2 in einer stirnseitigen Ansicht in einem größeren Maßstab,
Fig. 4
eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung einer Ausführungsvariante eines Schmiededorns,
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 4,
Fig. 6
eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Schmiededorns in einer Seitenansicht,
Fig. 7
den Schmiededorn nach der Fig. 6 im Schnitt nach der Linie VII-VII,
Fig. 8
einen Schmiededorn mit radial verstellbaren Dornsegmenten in einem vereinfachten Axialschnitt und
Fig. 9
einen Schnitt nach der Linie IX-IX der Fig. 8 in einem größeren Maßstab.
In the drawing, the subject invention is shown, for example. Show it
Fig. 1
a device according to the invention for forging a hollow body in sections in the region of the forging tools in a schematic longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
a blacksmith's horn in a partly torn simplified side view,
Fig. 3
the forging mandrel 2 in a front view on a larger scale,
Fig. 4
one of the Fig. 2 corresponding representation of a variant of a blacksmith mandrel,
Fig. 5
a section along the line VV the Fig. 4 .
Fig. 6
a further embodiment of a forging mandrel in a side view,
Fig. 7
the blackthorn after the Fig. 6 in section along the line VII-VII,
Fig. 8
a forging mandrel with radially adjustable mandrel segments in a simplified axial section and
Fig. 9
a section along the line IX-IX of Fig. 8 on a larger scale.

Gemäß der Fig. 1 sind zum Schmieden eines Hohlkörpers 1, im Falle des Ausführungsbeispiels ein Rohr, zu einer Schmiedeachse zentrisch symmetrisch angeordnete Schmiedewerkzeuge 2 vorgesehen, die mit einem Schmiededorn 3 zusammenwirken. Der Hohlkörper 1 wird mit Hilfe einer Spanneinrichtung 4 in Vorschubrichtung 5 zwischen den Schmiedewerkzeugen 2 durchgefördert, die den Hohlkörper 1 gegen den Schmiededorn 3 schlagen. Über die Spanneinrichtung 4 kann dem Hohlkörper 1 im Bedarfsfall eine Drehung um die Schmiedeachse erteilt werden. Der Schmiededorn 3 ist in herkömmlicherweise an einer Dornstange 6 befestigt, über die je nach den Schmiedebedingungen ein Schmiermittel und Kühl- bzw. Heizmedien dem Schmiededorn 3 zugeführt werden können. Über die Dornstange 6 kann der Schmiededorn 3 auch drehend angetrieben werden, wenn dies der Einsatz erfordert.According to the Fig. 1 are forging a hollow body 1, in the case of the embodiment, a pipe, forged to a center axis symmetrically arranged forging tools 2, which cooperate with a forging mandrel 3. The hollow body 1 is conveyed by means of a clamping device 4 in the feed direction 5 between the forging tools 2, which beat the hollow body 1 against the forging mandrel 3. About the clamping device 4, the hollow body 1 can be issued if necessary, a rotation about the forging axis. The forging mandrel 3 is conventionally attached to a mandrel bar 6, via which, depending on the forging conditions, a lubricant and cooling or heating media can be supplied to the forging mandrel 3. About the mandrel 6, the forging mandrel 3 can also be driven in rotation, if required by the use.

Der Schmiededorn 3 unterscheidet sich von herkömmlichen Schmiededornen, weil er aus einem Dornkern 7 und Dornsegmenten 8 aufgebaut ist, die in Abhängigkeit von der Umfangsverteilung der Schmiedewerkzeuge 2 um den Umfang des Dornkerns 7 verteilt angeordnet sind und Formflächen 9 für den Hohlraum des Hohlkörpers 1 bilden. Wie den Fig. 3 bis 7 entnommen werden kann, stehen unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten zur Lagerung der Dornsegmente 8 auf dem Dornkern 7 zur Verfügung. Nach den Fig. 2 und 3 werden die Dornsegmente 8 in Längsnuten 10 des Dornkerns 7 geführt und stirnseitig in radialer Richtung niedergespannt. Zu diesem Zweck bildet der Dornkern 7 zur stirnseitigen Aufnahme der Dornsegmente 8 Hinterschneidungen 11, die mit Hinterschneidungen 12 von Profilleisten 13 zusammenwirken, sodass sich zwischen den Hinterschneidungen 11 des Dornkerns 7 und den Hinterschneidungen 12 der Profilleisten 3 hinterschnittene Nuten zur stirnseitigen Aufnahme der in den Längsnuten 10 geführten Dornsegmente 8 ergeben.The forging mandrel 3 differs from conventional forged mandrels because it is composed of a mandrel core 7 and mandrel segments 8, which are distributed around the circumference of the mandrel core 7 depending on the circumferential distribution of the forging tools 2 and form mold surfaces 9 for the cavity of the hollow body 1. Like that Fig. 3 to 7 can be removed, are different ways to support the mandrel segments 8 on the mandrel core 7 available. After the FIGS. 2 and 3 the mandrel segments 8 are guided in longitudinal grooves 10 of the mandrel core 7 and frontally clamped in the radial direction. For this purpose, the mandrel core 7 for receiving the end of the mandrel segments 8 undercuts 11 which cooperate with undercuts 12 of the profile strips 13, so that between the undercuts 11 of the mandrel core 7 and the undercuts 12 of the profile strips 3 undercut grooves for receiving the end in the longitudinal grooves 10 guided mandrel segments 8 result.

Nach den Fig. 4 und 5 weist der Dornkern 7 schwalbenschwanzförmig hinterschnittene Nuten 14 zur formschlüssigen Halterung der Dornsegmente 8 auf. Die Dornsegmente 8 gemäß den Fig. 6 und 7 werden ebenfalls in hinterschnittenen Nuten 14 gehalten, doch werden diese hinterschnittenen Nuten 14 im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Fig. 6 und 7 durch die Nutwände bildende Profilleisten 15 gebildet.After the 4 and 5 the mandrel core 7 has dovetail-shaped undercut grooves 14 for the positive retention of the mandrel segments 8. The mandrel segments 8 according to the 6 and 7 are also held in undercut grooves 14, but these undercut grooves 14 in the embodiment of the 6 and 7 formed by the groove walls forming profile strips 15.

Die Dornsegmente 8 können über Abstandhalter 16 am Dornkern 7 abgestützt werden. Über diese Abstandhalter 16 kann somit der Hüllkreis der Dornsegmente 8 an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden. Die Abstandhalter 16 können außerdem zur thermischen Dämmung des Dornkerns 7 gegenüber den Dornsegmenten 8 dienen.The mandrel segments 8 can be supported by spacers 16 on the mandrel core 7. About this spacer 16 thus the enveloping circle of the mandrel segments 8 can be adapted to the respective requirements. The spacers 16 may also serve for the thermal insulation of the mandrel core 7 relative to the mandrel segments 8.

Die Dornsegmente 8 können aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen gefertigt sein. Um nicht die gesamten Dornsegmente 8 aus einem hitzebeständigen Werkstoff herstellen zu müssen, können die Dornsegmente 8 aus einem tragenden Grundkörper 17 und einem die Formflächen 9 bildenden, hitzebeständigen Verschleißkörper 18 aufgebaut sein, wie dies beispielsweise den Fig. 3 und 4 entnommen werden kann.The mandrel segments 8 can be made of different materials. In order not to have to produce the entire mandrel segments 8 made of a heat-resistant material, the mandrel segments 8 may be constructed of a supporting body 17 and the forming surfaces 9 forming, heat-resistant wear body 18, as for example the Fig. 3 and 4 can be removed.

In den Fig. 5 und 7 ist die Möglichkeit einer Kühlung bzw. Heizung der Dornsegmente 8 angedeutet, indem Kanäle 19 im Dornkern 7 zur Führung eines Kühl- oder Heizmediums ausgebildet sind, die über die Dornstange 6 an eine Kühl- bzw. Heizeinrichtung angeschlossen werden.In the Fig. 5 and 7 is the possibility of cooling or heating of the mandrel segments 8 indicated by channels 19 are formed in the mandrel core 7 for guiding a cooling or heating medium, which are connected via the mandrel 6 to a cooling or heating.

Die Ausführungsform des Schmiededorns 3 gemäß den Fig. 8 und 9 unterscheidet sich von den übrigen Ausführungsbeispielen dadurch, dass die Dornsegmente 8 auf dem Dornkern 7 radial verstellbar gelagert sind, und zwar über ein Keilgetriebe 20. Diese Keilgetriebe 20 für die einzelnen Dornsegmente 8 weisen dem Dornkern 7 zugeordnete Keilflächen 21 auf, die mit Gegenkeilflächen 22 der Dornsegmente 8 zusammenwirken, die in schwalbenschwanzförmig hinterschnittenen Nuten 23 des Dornkerns 7 längsverschiebbar geführt sind, um ein radiales Abheben der Dornsegmente 8 vom Dornkern 7 zu unterbinden. Die Dornsegmente 8 sind an eine Stellhülse 24 angeschlossen, über die die Dornsegmente 8 axial gegenüber dem Dornkern 7 verlagert werden können, womit aufgrund der zusammenwirkenden Keilflächen 21 und 22 eine radiale Verlagerung der Dornsegmente 8 verbunden ist. Diese radiale Bewegung der Dornsegmente 8 gegenüber der Stellhülse 24 wird durch eine entsprechende Führung der Stellhülse 24 in radial verlaufenden hinterschnittenen Nuten 25 sichergestellt. In der Fig. 8 ist die Stellung der Dornsegmente 8 in der radial ausgefahrenen und radial eingezogenen Stellung dargestellt.The embodiment of the forging mandrel 3 according to the 8 and 9 differs from the other embodiments in that the mandrel segments 8 are mounted radially adjustable on the mandrel core 7, via a wedge gear 20. These wedge gear 20 for the individual mandrel segments 8 have the mandrel core 7 associated wedge surfaces 21 which with counter wedge surfaces 22 of Thorn segments 8 cooperate, which are guided longitudinally displaceably in dovetail-shaped undercut grooves 23 of the mandrel core 7 in order to prevent a radial lifting of the mandrel segments 8 from the mandrel core 7. The mandrel segments 8 are connected to an adjusting sleeve 24, via which the mandrel segments 8 can be displaced axially relative to the mandrel core 7, whereby due to the cooperating wedge surfaces 21 and 22, a radial displacement of the mandrel segments 8 is connected. This radial movement of the mandrel segments 8 relative to the adjusting sleeve 24 is ensured by a corresponding guide of the adjusting sleeve 24 in radially extending undercut grooves 25. In the Fig. 8 the position of the mandrel segments 8 is shown in the radially extended and radially retracted position.

Aus der Fig. 9 ist ersichtlich, dass die Umfangsabschnitte 26 des Dornkerns 7 zwischen den Dornsegmenten 8 auch als Formflächen für die Formung der Innenwandung des Hohlkörpers dienen können, wenn der Schmiededorn die Drehbewegungen des Hohlkörpers während des Schmiedevorgangs mitmacht. In einem solchen Fall können Hohlkörper 1 mit Innennuten hergestellt werden, die bei einer kontinuierlichen Verstellung der Keilgetriebe auch eine über ihre Länge unterschiedliche Tiefe aufweisen können.From the Fig. 9 It can be seen that the peripheral portions 26 of the mandrel core 7 between the mandrel segments 8 can also serve as forming surfaces for forming the inner wall of the hollow body when the forging mandrel participates in the rotational movements of the hollow body during the forging process. In such a case, hollow body 1 can be produced with internal grooves, which can also have a different depth over their length in a continuous adjustment of the wedge gear.

Claims (8)

  1. Apparatus for forging a hollow body (1) having forging tools (2) which are arranged in a centrically symmetrical manner about a forging axis, and a forging mandrel (3) which comprises a mandrel core (7) and mandrel segments (8) which are distributed over the circumference of the mandrel core (7) and form moulding surfaces (9) for the hollow space of the hollow body (1), characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are held on the mandrel core (7) so as to be able to be exchanged in order to be able to use mandrel segments (8) with moulding surfaces (9) for different diameters of the hollow space of the hollow body to be produced.
  2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are arranged in a thermally insulated manner in relation to the mandrel core (7).
  3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are connected to a cooling or heating device.
  4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are inserted in an interlocking manner into undercut grooves (14) of the mandrel core (7).
  5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that at least one side wall of the undercut grooves (14) is formed as a profile strip (13, 15) which is detachably connected to the mandrel core (7).
  6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are supported on the mandrel core (7) via spacers (16).
  7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the mandrel segments (8) are mounted in a radially displaceable manner on the mandrel core (7) via wedge slide gears (20).
  8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that both the mandrel segments (8) and the circumferential sections (26) of the mandrel core (7) between the mandrel segments (8) form moulding surfaces (9) for the cavity of the hollow body (1).
EP12173396.8A 2011-08-12 2012-06-25 Device for forging a hollow body Active EP2556906B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1171/2011A AT511748B1 (en) 2011-08-12 2011-08-12 DEVICE FOR FORGING A HOLLOW BODY

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EP2556906A1 EP2556906A1 (en) 2013-02-13
EP2556906B1 true EP2556906B1 (en) 2017-06-07

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EP12173396.8A Active EP2556906B1 (en) 2011-08-12 2012-06-25 Device for forging a hollow body

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EP (1) EP2556906B1 (en)
AT (1) AT511748B1 (en)

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US11122741B2 (en) * 2018-01-30 2021-09-21 Cnh Industrial America Llc Stalk roller assembly for an agricultural system
CN110508691A (en) * 2019-08-26 2019-11-29 天津中财型材有限责任公司 A kind of steel wire mesh frame pipe end heating apparatus for shaping
CZ309091B6 (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-01-26 ŠKODA AUTO a.s. Mandrel for drop forging
CN112139418B (en) * 2020-09-08 2021-12-10 西安交通大学 Four-hammer progressive radial forging device and process for inner gear ring rigid wheel of harmonic reducer

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130036785A1 (en) 2013-02-14
US9409226B2 (en) 2016-08-09
EP2556906A1 (en) 2013-02-13
AT511748A1 (en) 2013-02-15
AT511748B1 (en) 2014-04-15

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