EP2556347A2 - Method and measuring device for gathering signals measured in vital tissue - Google Patents

Method and measuring device for gathering signals measured in vital tissue

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Publication number
EP2556347A2
EP2556347A2 EP11725609A EP11725609A EP2556347A2 EP 2556347 A2 EP2556347 A2 EP 2556347A2 EP 11725609 A EP11725609 A EP 11725609A EP 11725609 A EP11725609 A EP 11725609A EP 2556347 A2 EP2556347 A2 EP 2556347A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spectrometer
ccd array
correction
function
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11725609A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Holger Jungmann
Michael Schietzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mbr Optical Systems Gmbh&co KG
Original Assignee
Mbr Optical Systems Gmbh&co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Mbr Optical Systems Gmbh&co KG filed Critical Mbr Optical Systems Gmbh&co KG
Publication of EP2556347A2 publication Critical patent/EP2556347A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1495—Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
    • G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0223—Operational features of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
    • A61B2560/0228—Operational features of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors using calibration standards
    • A61B2560/0233—Optical standards

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method and a measuring device for collecting measurement signals from vital tissue, in particular for determining the composition of body fluids as well as possibly only temporarily vessel-bound substances.
  • Measuring methods are known in which an analysis of temporarily vascular-bound substances is accomplished by attaching a mobile spectrometer to a corresponding tissue region and recording the spectrum of remission light emerging from the tissue via this mobile spectrometer. On the basis of the spectrum thus recorded, a wide variety of substances present in the examined tissue region can be detected.
  • These spectrometers can be constructed as classical spectrometers, in which a decomposition of the incident light is accomplished by optical means and the intensity of the decomposed light is measured in association with the wavelength. To avoid moving parts, the spectrometers can be designed such that the light, which is split down according to its wavelength, is split onto a CCD array and analyzed by it.
  • the invention has for its object to provide solutions by which measured values can be generated by means of a CCD spectrometric measurement using CCD arrays, which are characterized by a particularly high informativeness.
  • This object is achieved by a method for calibrating a equipped with a CCD array spectrometer in which by the CCD array, a first Kallibrierspektrum and a second Kallibrierspektrum is recorded, which are illuminated to generate these Kallibrierspektren reference structures with respect to the exit depth of significantly differentiate this light emerging in the context of the respective reference measurement.
  • This correction system can be stored, for example, as a characteristic map or parameterized correction function in a control unit of the spectrometer.
  • correction systems are generated for specific substances, so that, for example, optimized correction systems can be used for the measurement of selected tissue or blood constituents.
  • one of the samples is a surface radiator, and the other sample is a volume radiator.
  • This reference radiator could be designed so that they emit a substantially white light.
  • this information is used to obtain depth information for the origin depth of the recorded light. If necessary, the correction system can be further tuned on the basis of this depth information.
  • the depth information can In particular, by consideration and corresponding data processing of caused by turbidity effects signal changes can be obtained.
  • a plurality of correction systems are generated by using a plurality of reference patterns in which a substance reference is contained in different concentrations.
  • a reference pattern is preferably provided that ensures a light emission without deep penetration of the illumination light.
  • a reference pattern preferably containing the same substance may be designed such that this substance is embedded in a translucent base.
  • the translucent base may be designed to be in terms of its
  • Haze characteristic of the turbidity characteristic corresponds to a typical for the spectrally examined body spot haze characteristic.
  • the inventive calibration of the spectrometer can be carried out in an advantageous manner by this is performed over a plurality of reference patterns which differ in the origin depth of the emitted light.
  • the spectra thus obtained can be detected by an electronic signal directly integrated into the spectrometer
  • Interface device read and fed to a separate computer system.
  • This computer system can then be used to generate a correction function which, in the context of a subsequent method step in the
  • Evaluation device of the spectrometer is deposited.
  • correction function in a computer accessible, for example, via the Internet Assigning assignment to an identification code of the spectrometer.
  • This special correction function can then be accessed selectively by the user of the spectrometer or by a user commissioned with the evaluation of the spectra.
  • the user of the spectrometer can request a calibration pattern that allows the acquisition of two spectra from significantly different remission depths.
  • the spectra obtained by the user can then be compared by relying on a master spectrum otherwise determined for this calibration pattern.
  • a calibration of the spectrometer or a or normalization of the measured values can be carried out.
  • Figure 1 is a sketch illustrating the deviations of the optical density, or intensity of spectral components of identical substances in the resolution of emitted light from two calibration samples designed such that they significantly different Lichtabstrahliefen condition;
  • Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating one of the
  • Double reference measurement according to FIG. 1 generated correction function
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration for illustrating the
  • Figure 1 shows two spectra obtained using a spectrometer comprising a CCD array. The spectra were obtained from two samples (PI and P2 in Figure 3). These samples function as calibration samples and are designed so that each one reference substance in the calibration pattern is tuned in such a way that one of the calibration patterns results in an extremely near-surface emission of the light to be examined, whereas the other calibration pattern is designed such that the one to be examined Light is emitted from deeper and again different depths.
  • This standardization system can be represented as a characteristic field or, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2, as a correction function.
  • This correction function can be stored in the spectrometer so that it delivers directly standardized measurement results.
  • the correction function can also be taken into account later, for example, for special post-processing, for example, if measurement results which were determined by different devices should be related to each other.
  • spectra of samples PI and P2 are recorded, wherein these samples are designed so that the light L coupled into the spectrometer is once almost completely radiated from an extremely near-surface region, and at the sample P2 from deeper, preferably also diverging depths is emitted.
  • the correspondingly collected light is supplied to a spectrometer 1, the spectrometer comprises a CCD array 2.
  • the signals detected by the CCD array 2 are stored in a first memory 3, for example, as raw values of the optical density OD. These raw values are read out by a calibration computer 4.
  • the calibration computer 4 generates a calibration function K on the basis of the spectra measured for at least the two special samples PI and P2 (see FIG. This calibration function K is in a
  • Signal processing device 5 normalized.
  • One of the samples PI and P2 forms a volume radiator. This sample is preferably designed to cause turbidity typical of vital tissue.
  • the calibration function K can be designed in such a way that it also describes dynamic characteristics that occur in the spectra. When measuring from diffuse depths, a dynamic value can then be determined in each case for narrow wavelength ranges by means of which a representative value of the optical density is determined.
  • the correction function describes in the form of a derivation a variance of the raw data called Etaloning.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for calibrating a spectrometer (1) equipped with a CCD array (2), the CCD array recording at least two spectra of two special samples (P1, P2) that function as calibration patterns and are designed such that the respective one reference substance in the calibration pattern is adjusted such that for one of the calibration patterns the light to be examined is emitted in a location extremely close to the surface, while the other calibration pattern is adjusted such that the light to be examined is emitted from deeper locations, differing in depth, the raw data recorded in the process being used to generate a function describing a respective etalon effect and said function being saved in the spectrometer as a correction function (K) for measurements obtained from volume emitters.

Description

Verfahren und Messeinrichtung zur Erhebung von Messsignalen aus vitalem Gewebe  Method and measuring device for collecting measurement signals from vital tissue
Die Erfindung richtet sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Messeinrichtung zur Erhebung von Messsignalen aus vitalem Gewebe, insbesondere zur Ermittlung der StoffZusammensetzung von Körperflüssigkeiten sowie auch von ggf. nur temporär gefäßgebundenen Substanzen. The invention is directed to a method and a measuring device for collecting measurement signals from vital tissue, in particular for determining the composition of body fluids as well as possibly only temporarily vessel-bound substances.
Es sind Messverfahren bekannt, bei welchen eine Analyse von temporär gefäßgebundenen Substanzen bewerkstelligt wird, indem an einen entsprechenden Gewebebereich ein mobiles Spektrometer angesetzt und über dieses mobile Spektrometer das Spektrum von aus dem Gewebe austretendem Remissionslicht aufgezeichnet wird. Anhand des so aufgezeichneten Spektrums können verschiedenste in dem untersuchten Gewebebereich vorhandene Substanzen erkannt werden. Diese Spektrometer können als klassische Spektrometer aufgebaut sein, bei welchen eine Zerlegung des einfallenden Lichtes durch optische Mittel bewerkstelligt wird und die Intensität des zerlegten Lichtes unter Zuordnung zur Wellenlänge gemessen wird. Zur Vermeidung von beweglichen Teilen können die Spektrometer so gestaltet sein, dass das nach seiner Wellenlänge zerlegte Licht auf ein CCD-Array aufgeleitet und durch dieses analysiert wird. Measuring methods are known in which an analysis of temporarily vascular-bound substances is accomplished by attaching a mobile spectrometer to a corresponding tissue region and recording the spectrum of remission light emerging from the tissue via this mobile spectrometer. On the basis of the spectrum thus recorded, a wide variety of substances present in the examined tissue region can be detected. These spectrometers can be constructed as classical spectrometers, in which a decomposition of the incident light is accomplished by optical means and the intensity of the decomposed light is measured in association with the wavelength. To avoid moving parts, the spectrometers can be designed such that the light, which is split down according to its wavelength, is split onto a CCD array and analyzed by it.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Lösungen zu schaffen, durch welche im Wege einer spektrometrischen Messung unter Verwendung von CCD-Arrays Messwerte generiert werden können, die sich durch eine besonders hohe Aussagekräftigkeit auszeichnen . Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Kalibrierung eines mit einem CCD-Array ausgestatteten Spektrometers bei welchem durch das CCD-Array ein erstes Kallibrierspektrum und ein zweites Kallibrierspektrum aufgezeichnet wird, wobei zur Generierung dieser Kallibrierspektren Referenzstrukturen beleuchtet werden die sich hinsichtlich der Austrittstiefe des aus diesen im Rahmen der jeweiligen Referenzmessung austretenden Lichtes signifikant unterscheiden. The invention has for its object to provide solutions by which measured values can be generated by means of a CCD spectrometric measurement using CCD arrays, which are characterized by a particularly high informativeness. This object is achieved by a method for calibrating a equipped with a CCD array spectrometer in which by the CCD array, a first Kallibrierspektrum and a second Kallibrierspektrum is recorded, which are illuminated to generate these Kallibrierspektren reference structures with respect to the exit depth of significantly differentiate this light emerging in the context of the respective reference measurement.
Dadurch wird es auf vorteilhafte Weise möglich, ein Korrektursystem zu determinieren durch welches die AufZeichnungscharakteristik des jeweils verwendeten CCD-Arrays beschrieben und geräteintern normiert werden kann. This advantageously makes it possible to determine a correction system by which the recording characteristic of the respectively used CCD array can be described and standardized internally.
Dieses Korrektursystem kann beispielsweise als Kennfeld, oder parametrisierte Korrekturfunktion in einer Steuereinheit des Spektrometers hinterlegt werden. This correction system can be stored, for example, as a characteristic map or parameterized correction function in a control unit of the spectrometer.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden mehrere Korrektursysteme für bestimmte Substanzen generiert, so dass beispielsweise für die Messung ausgewählter Gewebe- oder Blutinhaltsstoffe jeweils auf optimierte Korrektursysteme Rückgriff genommen werden kann. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, several correction systems are generated for specific substances, so that, for example, optimized correction systems can be used for the measurement of selected tissue or blood constituents.
Vorzugsweise ist eine der Proben ein Flächenstrahler, und die andere Probe ein Volumenstrahler. Diese Referenzstrahler könne so gestaltet sein, dass diese ein im wesentlichen weißes Licht abstrahlen . Preferably, one of the samples is a surface radiator, and the other sample is a volume radiator. This reference radiator could be designed so that they emit a substantially white light.
Es ist möglich, die Messung so abzuwickeln, dass durch diese im Rahmen eines Auswertungsschrittes Tiefeninformationen für die Ursprungstiefe des aufgenommenen Lichtes gewonnen werden. anhand dieser Tiefeninformation kann ggf. das Korrektursystem weiter abgestimmt werden. Die Tiefeninformation kann insbesondere durch Berücksichtigung und entsprechend datentechnische Verarbeitung von durch Trübungseffekte verursachten Signaländerungen gewonnen werden. It is possible to process the measurement in such a way that, as part of an evaluation step, this information is used to obtain depth information for the origin depth of the recorded light. If necessary, the correction system can be further tuned on the basis of this depth information. The depth information can In particular, by consideration and corresponding data processing of caused by turbidity effects signal changes can be obtained.
Vorzugsweise werden mehrer Korrektursysteme generiert indem mehrere Referenzmuster verwendet werden in welchen eine Stoffreferenz in unterschiedlicher Konzentration enthalten ist. Für jeden Stoff wird vorzugsweise ein Referenzmuster bereitgestellt, dass eine Lichtabstrahlung ohne tiefe Eindringung des Beleuchtungslichtes gewährleistet. Ein vorzugsweise den gleichen Stoff enthaltendes Referenzmuster kann so gestaltet sein, dass dieser Stoff in eine transluzente Basis eingebettet ist. Die transluzente Basis kann so gestaltet sein, dass diese hinsichtlich ihrerPreferably, a plurality of correction systems are generated by using a plurality of reference patterns in which a substance reference is contained in different concentrations. For each substance, a reference pattern is preferably provided that ensures a light emission without deep penetration of the illumination light. A reference pattern preferably containing the same substance may be designed such that this substance is embedded in a translucent base. The translucent base may be designed to be in terms of its
Trübungscharakteristik der Trübungscharakteristik einer für die spektrometrisch zu untersuchende Körperstelle typischen Trübungscharakteristik entspricht . Haze characteristic of the turbidity characteristic corresponds to a typical for the spectrally examined body spot haze characteristic.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kalibrierung des Spektrometers kann in vorteilhafter Weise erfolgen, indem dieses über mehrere Referenzmuster geführt wird die sich hinsichtlich der Ursprungstiefe des emittierten Lichtes unterscheiden. Dies so gewonnenen Spektren können durch eine unmittelbar in das Spektrometer integrierte elektronischeThe inventive calibration of the spectrometer can be carried out in an advantageous manner by this is performed over a plurality of reference patterns which differ in the origin depth of the emitted light. The spectra thus obtained can be detected by an electronic signal directly integrated into the spectrometer
Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung zur Generierung desSignal processing device for generating the
Korrektursystems herangezogen werden. Vorzugsweise jedoch werden die gewonnenen Spektren durch eineCorrection system are used. Preferably, however, the spectra obtained by a
Schnittstelleneinrichtung ausgelesen und einem separaten Rechnersystem zugeführt. Über dieses Rechnersystem kann dann eine Korrekturfunktion generiert werden die im Rahmen eines nachfolgenden Verfahrensschrittes in derInterface device read and fed to a separate computer system. This computer system can then be used to generate a correction function which, in the context of a subsequent method step in the
Auswertungseinrichtung des Spektrometers hinterlegt wird. Evaluation device of the spectrometer is deposited.
Es ist auch möglich, die Korrekturfunktion in einem beispielsweise über das Internet zugänglichen Rechner unter Zuordnung zu einer Identifikationskennung des Spektrometers zu hinterlegen. Auf diese spezielle Korrekturfunktion kann dann selektiv vom Nutzer des Spektrometers, oder eines mit der Auswertung der Spektren beauftragten Nutzers Zugriff genommen werden . It is also possible to use the correction function in a computer accessible, for example, via the Internet Assigning assignment to an identification code of the spectrometer. This special correction function can then be accessed selectively by the user of the spectrometer or by a user commissioned with the evaluation of the spectra.
Es ist auch möglich, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren so umzusetzen, dass vom Nutzer des Spektrometers ein Eichmuster angefordert werden kann dass die Gewinnung von zwei Spektren aus signifikant unterschiedlichen Remissionstiefen erlaubt. Die vom Nutzer gewonnenen Spektren können dann unter Rückgriffnähme auf ein für dieses Eichmuster anderweitig ermitteltes Masterspektrum verglichen werden. Anhand jenes Vergleichs kann eine Kalibrierung des Spektrometers oder eine oder Normierung der Messwerte vorgenommen werden. It is also possible to implement the method according to the invention in such a way that the user of the spectrometer can request a calibration pattern that allows the acquisition of two spectra from significantly different remission depths. The spectra obtained by the user can then be compared by relying on a master spectrum otherwise determined for this calibration pattern. On the basis of this comparison, a calibration of the spectrometer or a or normalization of the measured values can be carried out.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. Es zeigt: Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings. It shows:
Figur 1 eine Skizze zur Veranschaulichung der Abweichungen der optischen Dichte, oder Intensität von Spektralanteilen identischer Stoffe bei der Auflösung von abgestrahltem Licht aus zwei Eichproben die derart gestaltet sind dass diese signifikant unterschiedliche Lichtabstrahliefen bedingen; Figure 1 is a sketch illustrating the deviations of the optical density, or intensity of spectral components of identical substances in the resolution of emitted light from two calibration samples designed such that they significantly different Lichtabstrahliefen condition;
Figur 2 ein Skizze zur Veranschaulichung einer aus der Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating one of the
Doppelreferenzmessung nach Figur 1 generierten Korrekturfunktion;  Double reference measurement according to FIG. 1 generated correction function;
Figur 3 eine Schemadarstellung zur Veranschaulichung der FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration for illustrating the
Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Korrekturfunktion zur Bereitstellung normierter Messwerte. Figur 1 zeigt zwei Spektren die unter Verwendung eines Spektrometers das ein CCD-Array umfasst gewonnen wurden. Die Spektren wurden von zwei Proben (PI und P2 in Figur 3) gewonnen. Diese Proben fungieren als Eichmuster und sind so ausgelegt, dass diese jeweils eine Referenzsubstanz in dem Eichmuster so abgestimmt ist, dass sich für eines der Eichmuster eine extrem oberflächennahe Abstrahlung des zu untersuchenden Lichtes ergibt, wogegen das andere Eichmuster so gestaltet ist, dass das zu untersuchende Licht aus tieferen und dabei wiederum unterschiedlichen Tiefen abgestrahlt wird. Use of the correction function according to the invention for providing standardized measured values. Figure 1 shows two spectra obtained using a spectrometer comprising a CCD array. The spectra were obtained from two samples (PI and P2 in Figure 3). These samples function as calibration samples and are designed so that each one reference substance in the calibration pattern is tuned in such a way that one of the calibration patterns results in an extremely near-surface emission of the light to be examined, whereas the other calibration pattern is designed such that the one to be examined Light is emitted from deeper and again different depths.
Die Differenz dieser beiden Spektren erlaubt es einen durch das CCD-Array, insbesondere eine Oxidschicht des CCD-Arrays bedingten systematischen Signalaufzeichnungseffekt zu quantifizieren und hierauf basierend ein Kallibrierungs- oder Normierungssystem abzustimmen. The difference between these two spectra makes it possible to quantify a systematic signal recording effect caused by the CCD array, in particular an oxide layer of the CCD array, and, based thereon, to tune a calibration or standardization system.
Dieses Normierungssystem kann als Kennfeld, oder wie in Figur 2 beispielhaft gezeigt, als Korrekturfunktion dargestellt werden. Diese Korrekturfunktion kann im Spektrometer hinterlegt werden, so dass dieses direkt entsprechend normierte Messergebnisse liefert. Die Korrekturfunktion kann auch anderweitig beispielsweise für spezielle Postprozessings nachträglich berücksichtigt werden, wenn beispielsweise Messergebnisse die durch verschiedene Geräte ermittelt wurden miteinander in Bezug gebracht werden sollen. This standardization system can be represented as a characteristic field or, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2, as a correction function. This correction function can be stored in the spectrometer so that it delivers directly standardized measurement results. The correction function can also be taken into account later, for example, for special post-processing, for example, if measurement results which were determined by different devices should be related to each other.
Wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich, werden Spektren von Proben PI und P2 aufgezeichnet, wobei diese Proben so gestaltet sind, dass das jeweils in das Spektrometer eingekoppelte Licht L einmal nahezu vollständig aus einem extrem oberflächennahen Bereich abgestrahlt wird, und bei der Probe P2 aus tieferen, vorzugsweise zudem divergierenden Tiefen abgestrahlt wird. Das entsprechend gesammelte Licht wird einem Spektrometer 1 zugeführt, das Spektrometer umfasst ein CCD-Array 2. Die durch das CCD-Array 2 ermittelten Signale werden in einem ersten Speicher 3 beispielsweite als Rohwerte der optischen Dichte OD hinterlegt. Diese Rohwerte werden durch einen Kalibrierrechner 4 ausgelesen. Der Kalibrierrechner 4 generiert anhand der wenigstens für die zwei speziellen Proben PI und P2 gemessenen Spektren eine Kalibrierfunktion K (vgl. Fig.2). Diese Kalibrierfunktion K wird in einerAs can be seen from FIG. 3, spectra of samples PI and P2 are recorded, wherein these samples are designed so that the light L coupled into the spectrometer is once almost completely radiated from an extremely near-surface region, and at the sample P2 from deeper, preferably also diverging depths is emitted. The correspondingly collected light is supplied to a spectrometer 1, the spectrometer comprises a CCD array 2. The signals detected by the CCD array 2 are stored in a first memory 3, for example, as raw values of the optical density OD. These raw values are read out by a calibration computer 4. The calibration computer 4 generates a calibration function K on the basis of the spectra measured for at least the two special samples PI and P2 (see FIG. This calibration function K is in a
Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 der Messeinrichtung hinterlegt. Die letztlich einem Anwender zur Verfügung gestellten Messergebnisse M für spätere Messungen werden unter Berücksichtigung dieser Kalibrierfunktion in derSignal processing device 5 of the measuring device deposited. The measurement results M finally made available to a user for later measurements are taken into account in the context of this calibration function
Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung 5 normiert. Signal processing device 5 normalized.
Eine der Proben PI und P2 bildet einen Volumenstrahler. Diese Probe ist vorzugsweise so gestaltet dass diese eine für vitales Gewebe typische Trübung verursacht. One of the samples PI and P2 forms a volume radiator. This sample is preferably designed to cause turbidity typical of vital tissue.
Die Kalibrierfunktion K kann so gestaltet sein, dass durch diese auch in den Spektren auftretende Dynamikmerkmale beschrieben werden. Bei der Messung aus diffusen Tiefen kann dann für enge Wellenlängenbereiche jeweils ein Dynamikwert ermittelt werden anhand dessen ein repräsentativer Wert der optischen Dichte festgelegt wird. Die Korrekturfunktion beschreibt dabei in Form einer Ableitung eine als Etaloning bezeichnete Varianz der Rohdaten. The calibration function K can be designed in such a way that it also describes dynamic characteristics that occur in the spectra. When measuring from diffuse depths, a dynamic value can then be determined in each case for narrow wavelength ranges by means of which a representative value of the optical density is determined. The correction function describes in the form of a derivation a variance of the raw data called Etaloning.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Kalibrierung eines mit einem CCD-Array ausgestatteten Spektrometers bei welchem durch das CCD-Array ein erstes Kallibrierspektrum und ein zweites1. A method for calibrating a spectrometer equipped with a CCD array in which by the CCD array, a first Kallibrierspektrum and a second
Kallibrierspektrum aufgezeichnet wird, wobei zur Generierung dieser Kallibrierspektren Referenzstrukturen beleuchtet werden die sich hinsichtlich der Austrittstiefe des aus diesen austretenden Lichtes signifikant unterscheiden. Calibrated spectrum is recorded, which are illuminated to generate these Kallibrierspektren reference structures that differ significantly in terms of the exit depth of the light emerging from these.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aus diesen beiden Kallibrierspektren ein Korrektursystem ermittelt wird, durch welches die AufZeichnungssignale des jeweils verwendeten CCD-Arrays individuell standardisiert werden. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from these two Kallibrierspektren a correction system is determined by which the Aufzeichnungssignale the CCD array used in each case be standardized individually.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Korrektursystem als Kennfeld, oder parametrisierte Korrekturfunktion in einer Steuereinheit eines entsprechenden Spektrometers hinterlegt wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the correction system is stored as a map, or parameterized correction function in a control unit of a corresponding spectrometer.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Korrektursysteme für bestimmte Substanzen generiert werden . 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of correction systems for certain substances are generated.
5. Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beispielsweise für die Messung ausgewählter Gewebe- oder Blutinhaltsstoffe jeweils auf optimierte Korrektursysteme Rückgriff genommen wird. 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, for example, for the measurement of selected tissue or Blutinhaltsstoffe each resorted to optimized correction systems.
6. Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch diese im Rahmen eines Auswertungsschrittes Tiefeninformationen für die Ursprungstiefe des aufgenommenen Lichtes gewonnen werden. 6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that are obtained by this in the context of an evaluation step depth information for the depth of origin of the received light.
7. Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anhand dieser Tiefeninformation das Korrektursystem weiter abgestimmt wird. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that based on this depth information, the correction system is further tuned.
8. Verfahren nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Korrektursysteme generiert werden indem mehrere Referenzmuster verwendet werden in welchen eine Stoffreferenz in unterschiedlicher Konzentration enthalten ist. 8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a plurality of correction systems are generated by a plurality of reference patterns are used in which a substance reference is contained in different concentrations.
9. Verfahren zur Kalibrierung eines mit einem CCD-Array ausgestatteten Spektrometers bei welchem durch das CCD-Array ein Spektrum aus einem Referenz-Volumenstrahler aufgezeichnet, wobei anhand der hierbei aufgezeichneten Rohdaten eine Funktion generiert wird die einen hierbei auftretenden Etaloning-Effekt beschreibt, und wobei diese Funktion in dem Spektrometer als Korrekturfunktion für Messungen aus Volumenstrahlern hinterlegt wird. 9. A method for calibrating a equipped with a CCD array spectrometer in which recorded by the CCD array, a spectrum from a reference volume emitter, wherein based on the raw data recorded here, a function is generated which describes an occurring here Etaloning effect, and wherein this function is stored in the spectrometer as a correction function for measurements from volume radiators.
EP11725609A 2010-04-09 2011-04-11 Method and measuring device for gathering signals measured in vital tissue Withdrawn EP2556347A2 (en)

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DE102010014593.9A DE102010014593B4 (en) 2010-04-09 2010-04-09 Procedure for calibrating a spectrometer
PCT/EP2011/001789 WO2011124396A2 (en) 2010-04-09 2011-04-11 Method for calibrating a spectrometer equipped with a ccd array

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CN104580944B (en) * 2013-10-10 2017-11-17 中国科学院光电研究院 The method that relative detector calibration is carried out to ccd image
DE102018205400A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2019-10-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM, MOBILE DEVICE WITH A SPECTRAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM, A METHOD FOR DETERMINING A CORRECTION FUNCTION FOR THE IMAGING CORRECTION OF A SPECTRUM RECEIVED BY A SPECTRAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM

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US5902246A (en) * 1996-03-26 1999-05-11 Lifespex, Incorporated Method and apparatus for calibrating an optical probe
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DE10129754A1 (en) * 2001-06-20 2003-01-02 Holger Jungmann Detection of the presence of substances in vital tissue materials by passing light of a given wavelength through the material for its intensity to be compared with a reference system

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