EP2551369A1 - Method for producing a localised diffusion coating and reactor for same - Google Patents

Method for producing a localised diffusion coating and reactor for same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2551369A1
EP2551369A1 EP12005135A EP12005135A EP2551369A1 EP 2551369 A1 EP2551369 A1 EP 2551369A1 EP 12005135 A EP12005135 A EP 12005135A EP 12005135 A EP12005135 A EP 12005135A EP 2551369 A1 EP2551369 A1 EP 2551369A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
component
diffusion layer
protective gas
reactor
gas jet
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Granted
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EP12005135A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2551369B1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Walter
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines GmbH
MTU Aero Engines AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/04—Diffusion into selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C21/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces, not provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C19/00
    • B05C21/005—Masking devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/30—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
    • C23C10/32—Chromising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/38—Chromising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/38—Chromising
    • C23C10/40—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/44—Siliconising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/44—Siliconising
    • C23C10/46—Siliconising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/48—Aluminising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
    • C23C10/48—Aluminising
    • C23C10/50—Aluminising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and to a corresponding reactor for this purpose.
  • Diffusion layers in which metals such as aluminum, silicon or chromium are diffused into the surface region of a metallic component, such as a turbine blade, are known for forming protective layers.
  • aluminizing or Alitieren, silicating and chromating a problem is that component sections that should not be provided with a corresponding diffusion layer, are difficult to protect against unwanted formation of a diffusion layer.
  • Suggestions for measures to protect the component surface against the formation of diffusion layers are, for example in the DE 43 44 061 C1 and the DE 103 47 363 A1 described.
  • the DE 43 44 061 Cl proposes to provide the component with two layers in the regions in which no alitization or chromation is to take place, namely a first layer, which is formed as a separating layer, and a second layer, which is designed as a getter layer for reaction gases.
  • the first layer may be a slip-casting layer of oxide-ceramic particles with a low-carbon and holgenide-free binder and the second layer may be a metal layer or a metallic slip-casting layer.
  • Diffusion layer to be provided areas of a component forms a Diffusionssebicht, and wherein this method should be easy to carry out or a corresponding reactor should be easy to operate. In particular, it should be ensured that the effort to remove protective devices is kept low.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that component regions which are not to be provided with a diffusion layer can be protected by means of an inert gas jet, provided that a sufficient amount of protective gas or a sufficient flow of inert gas is provided with a suitable protective gas jet.
  • a nozzle device for forming a directed protective gas jet which can be aimed at the regions of the component that are not to be provided with the diffusion layer, so that the transport processes required for the formation of the diffusion layer can be interrupted there by halogen compounds.
  • a cover may be provided on the component, which between the component surface and the Cover forms a cavity or channel, so that through this cavity or the channel of the corresponding protective gas jet can be performed in order to achieve a better concentration of the protective gas jet with high inert gas pressure or strong inert gas flow to the component surface to be protected.
  • a corresponding adapter may then be provided in the reactor, which has both a connection to the cavities or channels of the component and to a protective gas supply of the reactor.
  • the present invention can be used in connection with a wide variety of diffusion layers, for example for the formation of aluminum-rich layers or Alitier harshen, PtAl, CrAl, MCrAlY layers or combinations thereof. Also, silicates and / or chromium layers are conceivable.
  • the present invention can be used both in the production of diffusion layers in which a powder package is used as a dispenser package for providing the material to be diffused, as well as in corresponding processes in which the coating material is in the form of a paste by spraying, brushing, dipping and the like is applied directly to the substrate surface.
  • the shielding gas for protecting regions not to be provided with a diffusion layer may be the same shielding gas used in a corresponding reactor for forming an inert or reducing atmosphere.
  • inert gases such as noble gases, z. As argon, or hydrogen and combinations thereof, wherein hydrogen is au ground its reducing effect to avoid oxides advantageous.
  • the present invention can be used in alitating turbine blades with internal cooling channels, in which an alitmaschine of the cooling channels avoided shall be.
  • the protective gas is introduced during the manufacturing process of the diffusion layer by means of an adapter in the cooling channels, so as to protect the cooling channels before Alitieren.
  • the attached figure shows a purely schematic representation of a sectional view through a reactor according to the invention with the component to be machined, the dispenser packages and the protective gas guide.
  • the figure shows an embodiment of a reactor 1 according to the invention, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the reactor 1 has a reactor interior 10, which is delimited by a reactor vessel 11.
  • the component 2 to be provided with the diffusion layer in the present case a turbine blade 2
  • a plurality of dispenser packages 3 in the form of powder packages comprising a metal powder or a metal-rich compound powder for providing the metal to be diffused.
  • the powder packs 3 further comprise a neutral filling material, for. For example, an oxide such as alumina, which prevents agglomeration of the fine metal powder.
  • a so-called activator for example, a halogen compound such as AlC1 3 or AlF 3 , which serves as a chemical transport for the metal to be diffused.
  • the reactor has a heater not shown in detail, with which it is possible to heat the reactor interior 10 and thus the turbine blade 2 and the powder packs 3 to a temperature at which the diffusion processes to form a diffusion layer can take place.
  • the reactor vessel 11 has a double bottom 7, which is connected to a gas supply line 6, so that protective gas, for. B. noble gases, such as argon, and / or other protective gases, such as hydrogen, can be introduced via the double bottom 7 in the reactor vessel 11.
  • protective gas for. B. noble gases, such as argon, and / or other protective gases, such as hydrogen
  • an outlet 8 is arranged, to which an adapter 5 is connected, which in turn is connected to cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, so that protective gas, which is introduced via the shielding gas inlet 6 and the double bottom 7, via the adapter 5 in the cooling channels and other cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, which are not to be provided with the diffusion layer, can be initiated.
  • the excess shield gas which has passed through the cooling passages and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2 is discharged into the reactor interior 10 via the cooling passage openings disposed at the end of the cooling passages 4 facing the end with the adapter 5.
  • the flow of the protective gas is shown by the arrows in the figure.
  • the heater After completion of the diffusion layer, the heater is turned off, so that the turbine blade 2 cools and the inflow of inert gas is turned off.
  • the turbine blade 2 provided with a partial diffusion layer can be removed without further cleaning measures, such as removal of cover powder or the like. This makes it possible to dispense with complex processes for the removal of covering agents, which considerably increases the efficiency of the process.

Abstract

The method involves arranging metallic component (2) and dispensing package (3) comprising a to-be-diffused material. A protective gas beam which does not flow around the region of metallic component in which diffusion layer is to be formed is made to flow on metallic component. The metallic component and the dispensing package are heated to a temperature for carrying out the diffusion. The temperature is maintained for a certain time. An independent claim is included for reactor.

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil sowie einen entsprechenden Reaktor hierzu.The present invention relates to a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and to a corresponding reactor for this purpose.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Diffusionsschichten, bei denen Metalle, wie Aluminium, Silizium oder Chrom in den Oberflächenbereich eines metallischen Bauteils, wie beispielsweise einer Turbinenschaufel, eindiffundiert werden, sind zur Ausbildung von Schutzschichten bekannt. Außerdem ist es bekannt, dass beim Aluminieren bzw. Alitieren, Silizieren und Chromieren eine Problematik darin besteht, dass Bauteilabschnitte, die nicht mit einer entsprechenden Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, nur schwer vor ungewollter Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht schützbar sind. Vorschläge für Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bauteiloberfläche gegen das Ausbilden von Diffusionsschichten sind beispielsweise in der DE 43 44 061 C1 und der DE 103 47 363 A1 beschrieben.Diffusion layers in which metals such as aluminum, silicon or chromium are diffused into the surface region of a metallic component, such as a turbine blade, are known for forming protective layers. Moreover, it is known that when aluminizing or Alitieren, silicating and chromating a problem is that component sections that should not be provided with a corresponding diffusion layer, are difficult to protect against unwanted formation of a diffusion layer. Suggestions for measures to protect the component surface against the formation of diffusion layers are, for example in the DE 43 44 061 C1 and the DE 103 47 363 A1 described.

Die DE 43 44 061 Cl schlagt vor, das Bauteil in den Bereichen, in denen keine Alitierung oder Chromierung stattfinden soll, mit zwei Schichten zu versehen und zwar einer ersten Schicht, die als Trennschicht ausgebildet ist und einer zweiten Schicht, die als Getterschicht für Reaktionsgase ausgebildet ist. Die erste Schicht kann eine Schlickergussschicht aus oxidkeramischen Partikeln mit einem kohlenstoffarmen und holgenidfreien Binder gebildet sein und die zweite Schicht kann eine Metallschicht oder eine metallische Schlickergussschicht sein.The DE 43 44 061 Cl proposes to provide the component with two layers in the regions in which no alitization or chromation is to take place, namely a first layer, which is formed as a separating layer, and a second layer, which is designed as a getter layer for reaction gases. The first layer may be a slip-casting layer of oxide-ceramic particles with a low-carbon and holgenide-free binder and the second layer may be a metal layer or a metallic slip-casting layer.

Bei der DE 103 47 363 A1 wird vorgesehen eine diffusionssperrende Pulverpackung an nicht zu beschichtenden Bereichen des Bauteils vorzusehen.In the DE 103 47 363 A1 It is envisaged to provide a diffusion barrier powder package on non-coated areas of the component.

Obwohl beide Verfahren erfolgreich zum Schutz von Bauteilen gegen unerwünschte Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden können, ergeben sich Beschränkungen dahingehend, dass nicht alle Bauteile oder Bauteilbereiche gleichermaßen gut geschützt werden können. Insbesondere bei Turbinenschaufeln, bei denen innen liegende Kühlkanäle oder Hohlräume nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, ergibt sich das Problem, dass die Schutzanordnungen, beispielsweise in Form einer Pulverpackung, nicht in geeigneter Weise angeordnet werden können imd/oder nachfolgend nur mit erheblichem Aufwand oder gar nicht entfernt werden können.Although both methods can be successfully used to protect components against unwanted diffusion layers, there are limitations in that not all Components or component areas can be equally well protected. Particularly in the case of turbine blades, in which internal cooling channels or cavities are not to be provided with a diffusion layer, there is the problem that the protective arrangements, for example in the form of a powder pack, can not be arranged in a suitable manner and / or subsequently only with considerable effort or can not be removed at all.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil sowie einen entsprechenden Reaktor bereitzustellen, mittels denen zuverlässig verhindert werden kann, dass sich an nicht mit einer . Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereichen eines Bauteils eine Diffusionssebicht bildet, und wobei dieses Verfahren einfach durchführbar sein soll bzw. ein entsprechender Reaktor einfach betreibbar sein soll. Insbesondere soll gewährleistet sein, dass der Aufwand zur Entfernung von Schutzanordnungen niedrig gehalten wird.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component and a corresponding reactor, by means of which it can be reliably prevented that not at a. Diffusion layer to be provided areas of a component forms a Diffusionssebicht, and wherein this method should be easy to carry out or a corresponding reactor should be easy to operate. In particular, it should be ensured that the effort to remove protective devices is kept low.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und einem Reaktor mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a reactor having the features of claim 8. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung geht aus von Erkenntnis, dass Bauteilbereiche, die nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, mittels eines Schutzgasstrahls geschützt werden können, sofern eine ausreichende Menge an Schutzgas bzw. ein ausreichender Fluss an Schutzgas mit einem geeigneten Schutzgasstrahldzuck bereitgestellt werden. Dies ist beispielsweise durch Verwendung einer Düsenvorrichtung zur Ausbildung eines gerichteten Schutzgasstrahls möglich, der gezielt auf die nicht mit der Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereiche des Bauteils gerichtet werden kann, sodass dort die für die Ausbildung der Diffusionsschicht erforderlichen Transportvorgänge über Halogenverbindungen unterbrochen werden können. Alternative kann an dem Bauteil auch eine Abdeckung vorgesehen werden, die zwischen der Bauteiloberfläche und der Abdeckung einen Hohlraum oder Kanal ausbildet, sodass durch diesen Hohlraum oder den Kanal der entsprechende Schutzgasstrahl geführt werden kann, um eine bessere Konzentration des Schutzgasstrahls mit hohem Schutzgasdruck oder starkem Schutzgasfluss an der zu schützenden Bauteiloberfläche zu erreichen.The invention is based on the recognition that component regions which are not to be provided with a diffusion layer can be protected by means of an inert gas jet, provided that a sufficient amount of protective gas or a sufficient flow of inert gas is provided with a suitable protective gas jet. This is possible, for example, by using a nozzle device for forming a directed protective gas jet, which can be aimed at the regions of the component that are not to be provided with the diffusion layer, so that the transport processes required for the formation of the diffusion layer can be interrupted there by halogen compounds. Alternatively, a cover may be provided on the component, which between the component surface and the Cover forms a cavity or channel, so that through this cavity or the channel of the corresponding protective gas jet can be performed in order to achieve a better concentration of the protective gas jet with high inert gas pressure or strong inert gas flow to the component surface to be protected.

Darüber hinaus kann man sich auch die Geometrie des Bauteils zu Nutze machen und Hohlräume oder Kanäle, die nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, verwenden, um den Schutzgasstrahl bzw. das Schutzgas zu konzentrieren.In addition, one can also take advantage of the geometry of the component and use cavities or channels, which should not be provided with a diffusion layer, to concentrate the protective gas jet or the protective gas.

Zur definierten Einleitung des Schutzgases in den Hohlraum des Bauteils oder einen Kanal des Bauteils kann dann ein entsprechender Adapter bei dem Reaktor vorgesehen sein, der sowohl eine Verbindung zu den Hohlräumen oder Kanälen des Bauteils als auch zu einer Schutzgaszuleitung des Reaktor aufweist.For defined introduction of the protective gas into the cavity of the component or a channel of the component, a corresponding adapter may then be provided in the reactor, which has both a connection to the cavities or channels of the component and to a protective gas supply of the reactor.

Die vorliegende Erfindung kann im Zusammenhang mit verschiedensten Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise zur Ausbildung von Aluminium reichen Schichten bzw. Alitierschichten, PtAl-, CrAl-, MCrAlY-Schichten oder Kombinationen davon. Auch Silizier und/oder Chromierschichten sind denkbar.The present invention can be used in connection with a wide variety of diffusion layers, for example for the formation of aluminum-rich layers or Alitierschichten, PtAl, CrAl, MCrAlY layers or combinations thereof. Also, silicates and / or chromium layers are conceivable.

Darüber hinaus kann die vorliegende Erfindung sowohl bei der Herstellung von Diffusionsschichten eingesetzt werden, bei denen als Spenderpackung zur Bereitstellung des einzudiffundierenden Materials eine Pulverpackung verwendet wird, als auch bei entsprechenden Verfahren, bei denen das Beschichtungsmaterial beispielsweise in Form einer Paste durch Spritzen, Streichen, Tauchen und dergleichen direkt auf die Substratoberfläche aufgetragen wird.Moreover, the present invention can be used both in the production of diffusion layers in which a powder package is used as a dispenser package for providing the material to be diffused, as well as in corresponding processes in which the coating material is in the form of a paste by spraying, brushing, dipping and the like is applied directly to the substrate surface.

Das Schutzgas zum Schutz nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehender Bereiche kann dasselbe Schutzgas sein, welches in einem entsprechenden Reaktor zur Ausbildung einer inerten oder reduzierenden Atmosphäre eingesetzt wird. Insbesondere kommen hier Inertgase, wie Edelgase, z. B. Argon, oder Wasserstoff sowie Kombinationen daraus in Betracht, wobei Wasserstoff augrund seiner reduzierenden Wirkung zur Vermeidung von Oxiden vorteilhaft ist.The shielding gas for protecting regions not to be provided with a diffusion layer may be the same shielding gas used in a corresponding reactor for forming an inert or reducing atmosphere. In particular, inert gases such as noble gases, z. As argon, or hydrogen and combinations thereof, wherein hydrogen is augrund its reducing effect to avoid oxides advantageous.

Insbesondere kann die vorliegende Erfindung bei der Alitierung von Turbinenschaufeln mit innen liegenden Kühlkanälen eingesetzt werden, bei denen eine Alitierung der Kühlkanäle vermieden werden soll. In diesem Fall wird das Schutzgas während des Herstellungsprozesses der Diffusionsschicht mittels eines Adapters in die Kühlkanäle eingeleitet, um so die Kühlkanäle vor dem Alitieren zu schützen.In particular, the present invention can be used in alitating turbine blades with internal cooling channels, in which an alitierung of the cooling channels avoided shall be. In this case, the protective gas is introduced during the manufacturing process of the diffusion layer by means of an adapter in the cooling channels, so as to protect the cooling channels before Alitieren.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die beigefügte Figur zeigt in einer rein schematischen Darstellung eine Schnittansicht durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Reaktor mit dem zu bearbeitenden Bauteil, den Spenderpackungen und der Schutzgasfuhrung.The attached figure shows a purely schematic representation of a sectional view through a reactor according to the invention with the component to be machined, the dispenser packages and the protective gas guide.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEmbodiment

Weitere Vorteile, Kennzeichen und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung werden bei der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausftlhrungsbeispiels deutlich. Allerdings ist die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt.Further advantages, characteristics and features of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment.

Die Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Reaktors 1, der zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignet ist. Der Reaktor 1 weist einen Reaktorinnenraum 10 auf, der durch einen Reaktorbehälter 11 begrenzt ist. Im. Reaktorinnenraum 10 ist das mit der Diffusionsschicht zu versehende Bauteil 2, im vorliegenden Fall eine Turbinenschaufel 2, angeordnet. Um die Turbinenschaufel 2 herum sind mehrere Spenderpackungen 3 in Form von Pulverpackungen angeordnet, welche ein Metallpulver oder ein Pulver einer metallreichen Verbindung zur Bereitstellung des einzudiffundierenden Metalls umfassen. Die Pulverpackungen 3 weisen weiterhin ein neutrales Füllmaterial, z. B. ein Oxid wie Aluminiumoxid auf, das eine Agglomerierung des feinen Metallpulvers verhindert. Außerdem ist in der Pulverpackung 3 ein sogenannter Aktivator, beispielsweise eine Halogenverbindung wie AlC13 oder AlF3, enthalten, welcher als chemisches Transportmittel für das einzudiffundierende Metall dient. Zusätzlich weist der Reaktor eine nicht näher gezeigte Heizeinrichtung auf, mit der es ermöglicht wird den Reaktorinnenraum 10 und somit die Turbinenschaufel 2 und die Pulverpackungen 3 auf eine Temperatur aufzuheizen, bei welcher die Diffusionsvorgänge zur Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht stattfinden können.The figure shows an embodiment of a reactor 1 according to the invention, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. The reactor 1 has a reactor interior 10, which is delimited by a reactor vessel 11. In the reactor interior 10, the component 2 to be provided with the diffusion layer, in the present case a turbine blade 2, is arranged. Around the turbine blade 2 are disposed a plurality of dispenser packages 3 in the form of powder packages comprising a metal powder or a metal-rich compound powder for providing the metal to be diffused. The powder packs 3 further comprise a neutral filling material, for. For example, an oxide such as alumina, which prevents agglomeration of the fine metal powder. In addition, in the powder pack 3 , a so-called activator, for example, a halogen compound such as AlC1 3 or AlF 3 , which serves as a chemical transport for the metal to be diffused. In addition, the reactor has a heater not shown in detail, with which it is possible to heat the reactor interior 10 and thus the turbine blade 2 and the powder packs 3 to a temperature at which the diffusion processes to form a diffusion layer can take place.

Der Reaktorbehälter 11 weist einen doppelten Boden 7 auf, welcher an eine Gaszuführleitung 6 angeschlossen ist, sodass Schutzgas, z. B. Edelgase, wie Argon, und/oder andere Schutzgase, wie Wasserstoff, über den doppelten Boden 7 in den Reaktorbehälter 11 eingeführt werden können. Im doppelten Reaktorboden 7 ist ein Auslass 8 angeordnet, an den ein Adapter 5 angeschlossen ist, welcher wiederum mit Kühlkanälen und Hohlräumen 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2 verbunden ist, sodass Schutzgas, welches über die Schutzgaszuleitung 6 und den doppelten Boden 7 eingeleitet wird, über den Adapter 5 in die Kühlkanäle und sonstigen Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2, die nicht mit der Diffusionsschicht versehen werden sollen, eingeleitet werden kann. Das überschtissige Schutzgas, das die Kühlkanäle und Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel 2 durchlaufen hat, wird über die Kühlkanalöffnungen, die an dem Ende der Kühlkanäle 4 angeordnet sind, das dem Ende mit dem Adapter 5 gegenüberliegt, in den Reaktorinnenraum 10 ausgegeben. Der Fluss des Schutzgases ist über die Pfeile in der Figur dargestellt.The reactor vessel 11 has a double bottom 7, which is connected to a gas supply line 6, so that protective gas, for. B. noble gases, such as argon, and / or other protective gases, such as hydrogen, can be introduced via the double bottom 7 in the reactor vessel 11. In the double reactor bottom 7, an outlet 8 is arranged, to which an adapter 5 is connected, which in turn is connected to cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, so that protective gas, which is introduced via the shielding gas inlet 6 and the double bottom 7, via the adapter 5 in the cooling channels and other cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2, which are not to be provided with the diffusion layer, can be initiated. The excess shield gas which has passed through the cooling passages and cavities 4 of the turbine blade 2 is discharged into the reactor interior 10 via the cooling passage openings disposed at the end of the cooling passages 4 facing the end with the adapter 5. The flow of the protective gas is shown by the arrows in the figure.

Durch eine ausreichende Menge an Schutzgas, die durch die Kühlkanäle und Hohlräume 4 der Turbinenschaufel fließt, wird die Ausbildung einer Diffusionsschicht zuverlässig vermieden.By a sufficient amount of inert gas flowing through the cooling channels and cavities 4 of the turbine blade, the formation of a diffusion layer is reliably avoided.

Nach der Fertigstellung der Diffusionsschicht wird die Heizung abgestellt, sodass die Turbinenschaufel 2 abkühlt und der Zufluss an Schutzgas wird abgestellt. Die mit einer teilweisen Diffusionsschicht versehene Turbinenschaufel 2 kann ohne weitere Reinigungsmaßnahmen, wie beispielsweise Entfernen von Abdeckpulver oder dergleichen, entnommen werden. Damit kann auf aufwändige Prozesse zur Entfernung von Abdeckmitteln verzichtet werden, was die Effizienz des Verfahrens erheblich steigert.After completion of the diffusion layer, the heater is turned off, so that the turbine blade 2 cools and the inflow of inert gas is turned off. The turbine blade 2 provided with a partial diffusion layer can be removed without further cleaning measures, such as removal of cover powder or the like. This makes it possible to dispense with complex processes for the removal of covering agents, which considerably increases the efficiency of the process.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand des Ausführungsbeispiels detailliert beschrieben worden ist, ist für den Fachmann selbstverständlich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf dieses Ausführuzzgsbeispiel beschränkt ist, sondern dass vielmehr Abwandlungen in der Weise möglich sind, dass andersartige Kombinationen der vorgestellten Merkmale vorgenommen werden können oder dass einzelne Merkmale weggelassen werden können, ohne dass der Schutzbereich der beigefügten Ansprüche verlassen wird. Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst insbesondere die Kombination sämtlicher, vorgestellter Einzelmerkmale.Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to this Ausführuzzgsbeispiel but rather modifications are possible in such a way that different combinations of the features presented can be made or individual Features can be omitted without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the present invention comprises the combination of all presented individual features.

Claims (8)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil mit folgenden Schritten: Anordnung des Bauteils und mindestens einer Spenderpackung, welche das einzudiffundierende Material umfasst, Bereitstellung mindestens eines Schutzgasstrahls, welcher den mindestens einen nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereich des Bauteils umströmt, und Erhitzen des Bauteils und der Spenderpackung auf eine Temperatur zur Durchführung der Diffusion und Halten der Temperatur für eine bestimmte Zeit. Method for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component, comprising the following steps: Arrangement of the component and at least one dispenser package, which comprises the material to be diffused, Providing at least one protective gas jet which flows around the at least one region of the component which is not to be provided with a diffusion layer, and Heating the component and the dispenser package to a temperature to conduct the diffusion and maintain the temperature for a certain time. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnete dass
die Herstellung der Diffusionsschicht ein Alitier-, Silizier- und/oder Chromierprozess unter Verwendung einer Al-, Si- und/oder Cr-haltigen Spenderpackung ist.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the production of the diffusion layer is an Alitier-, Silizier- and / or Chromierprozess using an Al, Si and / or Cr-containing donor pack. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Spenderpackung als Pulverpackung oder als auf dem Bauteil aufgebrachte Paste bereit gestellt wird.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the donor pack is provided as a powder pack or as a paste applied to the component. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteil und die Spenderpackung in einem Reaktor unter Schutzgas angeordnet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the component and the dispenser package are placed in a reactor under inert gas. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteil an dem nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereich des Bauteils mit mindestens eine Abdeckung abgedeckt wird, wobei zwischen Abdeckung und Bauteil mindestens ein Kanal gebildet wird, durch den der Schutzgasstrahl hindurch geleitet wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the component is covered with at least one cover at the region of the component which is not to be provided with a diffusion layer, wherein at least one channel is formed between cover and component, through which the protective gas jet is passed. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Schutzgasstrahl in nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehende Hohlräume und/oder Kanäle des Bauteils geleitet wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the protective gas jet is conducted in cavities and / or channels of the component that are not to be provided with a diffusion layer. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Bauteil eine Turbinenschaufel ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the component is a turbine blade. Reaktor zur Herstellung einer lokal begrenzten Diffusionsschicht auf einem metallischen Bauteil (2), insbesondere nach einem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Reaktorraum (10) zur Aufnahme des zu bearbeitenden Bauteils (2) und mindestens einer Spenderpackung (3), welche das einzudiflundierende Material umfasst, und mindestens einer Zuleitung (6,7) für Schutzgas,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
eine Düsenvorrichtung zur Ausbildung eines gerichteten Schutxgasstrahls und/oder ein Adapter (5) zum Anschluss der Schutzgaszuleitung an Hohlräume und/oder Kanäle (4) des Bauteils (2) und/oder einer am Bauteil angeordneten Abdeckung vorgesehen sind, mit welchen mindestens ein Schutzgasstrahl zu dem mindestens einen nicht mit einer Diffusionsschicht zu versehenden Bereich des Bauteils eingestellt werden kann.Reactor for producing a locally limited diffusion layer on a metallic component (2), in particular according to a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a reactor space (10) for receiving the component (2) to be machined and at least one dispenser package (3) containing the material to be filled in, and at least one supply line (6,7) for protective gas,
characterized in that
a nozzle device for forming a directed Schutxgasstrahls and / or an adapter (5) for connection of the protective gas supply to cavities and / or channels (4) of the component (2) and / or a cover arranged on the component are provided, with which at least one protective gas jet the at least one not to be provided with a diffusion layer region of the component can be adjusted.
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