EP2550829A1 - Lastenreduzierung in einem kommunikationsnetzwerk - Google Patents

Lastenreduzierung in einem kommunikationsnetzwerk

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Publication number
EP2550829A1
EP2550829A1 EP10848563A EP10848563A EP2550829A1 EP 2550829 A1 EP2550829 A1 EP 2550829A1 EP 10848563 A EP10848563 A EP 10848563A EP 10848563 A EP10848563 A EP 10848563A EP 2550829 A1 EP2550829 A1 EP 2550829A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control channel
interference ratio
base station
signal
dedicated physical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10848563A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2550829B1 (de
EP2550829A4 (de
Inventor
Markus RINGSTRÖM
Ari Kangas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP2550829A1 publication Critical patent/EP2550829A1/de
Publication of EP2550829A4 publication Critical patent/EP2550829A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2550829B1 publication Critical patent/EP2550829B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/30TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/32TPC of broadcast or control channels
    • H04W52/325Power control of control or pilot channels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/18TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/241TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR, Eb/lo
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/06TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/12Outer and inner loops
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/06TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/14Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
    • H04W52/146Uplink power control

Definitions

  • the invention relates the field of reducing load in a communications network.
  • Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is a 3rd Generation (3G) asynchronous mobile communication system operating in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and General Packet Radio Services (GPRS).
  • 3G 3rd Generation
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Services
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a UMTS network 1 that comprises a core network 2 and a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 3.
  • the UTRAN 3 comprises a number of Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) 4, each of which is coupled to a set of neighbouring Node Bs 5.
  • RNCs Radio Network Controllers
  • a Node B is effectively a Base Transceiver Station.
  • Each Node B 5 is responsible for a given geographical cell and the controlling RNC 4 is responsible for routing user and signalling data between the Node B 5 and the core network 2.
  • a User Equipment (UE) 6 communicates via a Node B 5 using a radio link, and it is desirable to improve speeds of communication over the radio link between the UE and the Node B.
  • UE User Equipment
  • E-DCH Enhanced Dedicated Channel
  • the E-DCH achieves improved uplink performance using a short transmission time interval (TTI), hybrid ARQ with soft combining, and scheduling. Reducing the TTI allows for an overall reduction in delay and faster hybrid ARQ retransmissions.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • High ARQ with soft combining reduces the number of retransmissions as well as the time between retransmissions. It also allows for a significant increase in capacity.
  • Fast scheduling allows for rapid resource reallocation between U Es 6, e x ploiting the "burst" properties of packet data transmissions.
  • the transmission power and the code space is the shared resource, but in the uplink E-DCH, the interference "headroom” is the amount of shared resource (i.e., transmit power or interference) left to be allocated to one or more mobile terminals to transmit in the uplink.
  • This is realized in the form of spreading codes. Even though the spreading codes may be completely orthogonal in theory, a user always interferes with another user to some extent in reality. This is due to the fact that time shifts of the codes are not perfectly orthogonal. Furthermore, owing to time dispersion inherent in the radio channel, replicas of the time shifted signal will in most cases be received at the receiver side.
  • each UE 6 has its own scrambling code.
  • the scrambling codes consist of long sequences of pseudo-random chips. Cross-correlation properties of the scrambling codes ensure that any two scrambling codes are almost orthogonal, no matter the time shift. However, as mentioned above, they are never fully orthogonal. Consequently, a UE 6 transmitting data in the uplink will always interfere with all other users to some extent. This will ultimately set a limit on the number of UEs that can be supported in a cell , assuming a shared interference headroom .
  • the amount of interference that a user generates as seen by another user is hence determined by the degree of non-orthogonality of the time shifted replicas of the scrambling codes, but also the power transmitted on the scrambling code.
  • the common uplink resource shared among the UEs 6 is the total amount of tolerable interference, i.e., the total received power at the Node B 5.
  • the amount of common uplink resources allocated to a UE 6 depends on the data rate (transport format) to be used . Generally, the higher the data rate, the larger the required transmission power/interference, and thus, the higher the resource consumption.
  • Scheduling is the mechanism that determines when a certain UE 6 is allowed to transmit, and at what maximum data rate. Packet data applications are typically bursty in nature with large and rapid variations in their resource requirements. The goal of the uplink scheduler is therefore to allocate a large fraction of the shared resource to users momentarily requiring high data rates, while at the same time ensuring stable system operation by avoiding sudden interference peaks. Identifying this goal is one thing; achieving it is another.
  • the uplink dedicated channels DCHs in WCDMA are "fast" power-controlled, meaning that the base station measures the received DPCCH signal quality, e.g., the received signal to interference ratio (SIR), and compares the measurement to a desired signal quality, e.g., a SI R target value.
  • SIR received signal to interference ratio
  • the Node B 5 If the measured SIR is less than or equal to the SI R target, the Node B 5 signals an "up" power control command to the UE 6 to make the UE 6 increase the power by a predefined step, or a "down" power control command to the U E 6 to make it decrease its power by a predefined step if the received SI R is greater than the SI R target.
  • the SI R target is regularly updated in a "slow" power control procedure known as outer loop power control (OLPC).
  • the WCDMA uplink typically comprises of several physical channels, examples of which include a Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH), a Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH), a High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS- DPCCH), an Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH) and an Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel (E-DPDCH). It is not necessary for all channels of these channels to be present for a specific connection, but there is always one DPCCH present on each radio link.
  • EUL Enhanced uplink
  • RAB Radio Access Bearer
  • the DPCCH comprises 10 bits per slot which are used as pilots for transmit power control (TPC) command, transport format combination indicator (TFCI) and feedback information (FBI), where the latter two are not always present.
  • Th e pi l ot bits are u sed, among other things, for channel estimation and for determination of the SIR for the sake of power control of the uplink.
  • EUL UEs a l locate m ost of the power to the E-D P DC H (s), and most of the interference experienced by other users comes from the power allocated to the E-DPDCH(s) of other users (neglecting own-interference such as ISI).
  • the UEs transmit at a low or moderate rate. This may occur, for example, when the UE is using an email client. The client may send small signals once very 60 seconds or so to check for new emails. In this case, the power fraction that a UE allocates to the data channel (E-DPDCH(s)) decreases, and the power fraction that a user allocates to the control channels increases.
  • an increased fraction of the interference in the cell is a result of power transmitted on the control channels of other UEs. If there are many UEs in the cell, the interference from the control channels may dominate the total interference. I n an extreme case, enough UEs may use an increased DPCCH power fraction that the interference headroom is consumed by the DPCCH of the active UEs. In that case, the scheduler is not able to give any UEs a grant to transmit user data on the E-DPDCH.
  • One way to reduce the interference of the DPCCH channel is the introduction of Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC), as described in Release 7 of the 3GP P standard.
  • CPC Continuous Packet Connectivity
  • a base station for use in a cellular radio communications network.
  • the base station is provided with a receiver adapted to receive signals from a terminal via a Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) and a second control channel.
  • a measuring unit is provided that is adapted to measure a signal to interference ratio (SI R) of the DPCCH.
  • An effective SI R determining unit is also provided, that is adapted to determine an effective SIR on the basis of the measured SI R of the DPCCH and an estimate of the SIR of the second control channel.
  • a comparison unit compares the effective SIR with a target SIR, and a power determination unit determines a power control command for controlling power usage of the DPCCH on the basis of the comparison.
  • a transmitter is used for sending a message to the terminal, the message including the power control command.
  • the invention allows the DPCCH power (or DPCCH SIR) operating point to be maintained at a low level for HSPA users, for a whole range of data rates. This increases the capacity of the network, and allows more HSPA users to be admitted in the cell.
  • the effective SIR determining unit is optionally arranged to determine an effective SIR on the basis of the measured SI R of the DPCCH and the amplitude relation of the DPCCH and the second control channel.
  • the measuring unit is arranged to measure the amplitude relation of the DPCCH and the second control channel, although predetermined values of the amplitude relation could be used.
  • the base station may alternatively or additionally be provided with a memory for storing a received amplitude relation of the Dedicated Physical Control Channel and the second control channel.
  • the effective SIR determining unit is optionally arranged to apply weighting factors to the measured SI R of the DPCCH and an estimate of the SI R of the second control channel.
  • weighting factors include any of data rates, scheduling grants, transport format combination indicators, and empirically determined constants.
  • a node for use in a cellular radio communications network.
  • the node comprises a receiver adapted to receive information from which a target SI R of a DPCCH between a terminal and a base station can be determined.
  • a processor is also provided that is adapted to determine a new target SIR on the basis of the target SIR of a DPCCH and an estimate of a SI R of a second control channel between the terminal and the base station.
  • the new target SIR is for use in controlling power between the base station and the terminal.
  • the node optionally further comprises a transmitter for sending the new target SIR to a base station.
  • the node com prises one of a base station and a Radio Network Controller.
  • the estimate of the SI R of the second control channel is optionally derived from an amplitude relation of the DPCCH and the second control channel.
  • a method of reducing air interface load between a terminal and a base station in a cellular radio communications network comprises, at a base station, receiving signals from a terminal via a DPCCH and a second control channel.
  • the base station measures a SIR of the DPCCH, and determines an effective SI R on the basis of the measured SI R of the DPCCH and an estimate of the SIR of the second control channel.
  • the effective SIR is compared with a target SIR, and power control command for DPCCH is determined on the basis of the comparison.
  • a message is sent to the terminal, the message including the power control command.
  • a node receives information from which a target S I R of a DPCCH between a terminal and a base station can be determined and determines a new target SIR on the basis of the target SI R of the DPCCH and an estimate of a SI R of a second control channel between the terminal and the base station.
  • the method further comprises sending the target SIR to a base station for use in power control of signalling between the terminal and the base station.
  • a computer program comprising computer readable code which, when run on a base station, causes the base station to behave as a base station as described above in the first aspect of the invention.
  • a computer program comprising computer readable code which, when run on a node, causes the node to behave as a node as described above in the second aspect of the invention.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer readable medium and a computer program as described above in either of the fifth or sixth aspects of the invention, wherein the computer program is stored on the computer readable medium.
  • Figure 1 illustrates schematically in a block diagram a UMTS network
  • Figure 2 illustrates schematically in a block diagram a base station for use in a cellular radio communications network according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing the steps of an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates schematically in a block diagram a Radio Network Controller for use in a cellular radio communications network according to a further embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing the steps of the further embodiment of the invention.
  • E-DPCCH boosting described in Release 7 of the 3GPP standard, is intended to aid detection of large transport blocks required for high data rates.
  • E-DPCCH symbols may be used to obtain a channel estimation for smaller transport blocks, and for situations in which E-DPCCH power is not boosted.
  • the effective SIR can be increased.
  • the DPCCH SIR is constantly measured in the Node B 5 and power control commands are issued from the Node B 5 to the UE 6 based on the measured SI R and a SI R target that is stored at the Node B 5 (and may be determined by the RNC 4 and provided to the Node B 5).
  • a problem improving the SIR estimate where an E-DPCCH channel is also used is that the effective SIR varies depending on whether E-DPCCH is currently transmitting signalling. It will be realised that the effective SI R will be higher during TTIs where the E-DPCCH is transmitting signalling.
  • the E-DPCCH transmits signalling in the TTIs in which data is also transmitted using the E-DPDCH.
  • the Node B still needs to perform power control during TTIs in which there is no data being transmitted using the E-DPDCH.
  • the effective SIR representing the channel conditions with E-DPCCH aided channel estimation, is not directly measurable.
  • the effective SIR taking into account the E-DPCCH, can be estimated based on the amplitude relation between the DPCCH and the E-DPCCH. This is possible since the interference affecting the DPCCH is very similar to the interference affecting the E- DPCCH due to the properties of the spreading codes.
  • the amplitude relation (note that the square of the amplitude ratio gives the power ratio between the two channels) are already known by the Node B 5 as the ratio of the beta factors ⁇ ⁇ 0 / ⁇ ⁇ , where ⁇ ⁇ 0 is the amplitude ratio of the E-DPCCH and ⁇ is the amplitude ratio of the DPCCH.
  • the amplitude relation is measured by the Node B in the TTIs where both DPCCH and E-DPCCH are transmitting signalling.
  • the effective SIR based on the DPCCH and the E-DPCCH can then be used for ILPC, and the power instructions transmitted from the Node B 5 to the UE 6 will allow for a lower interference from the DPCCH between the Node B 5 and the UE 6.
  • Equation 1 One way to calculate the effective SIR is given in Equation 1 :
  • SI RDPCCH is the DPCCH SI R
  • SI R E- DPCCH is the SI R calculated similarly to the SI RDPCCH but based on the E-DPCCH symbols.
  • SI R C han est is the SI R representative for channel estimation. The values are on a linear scale rather than a logarithmic scale.
  • SI R E- DPCCH can not be measu red d irectly as it may not be transmitting in each TTI. However, it can be approximated using the known amplitude relation.
  • the effective SI R can therefore be estimated using Equation 2:
  • the estimated effective SIR quantity is subsequently used for ILPC in all TTIs, both when E-DPCCH is transmitting signalling and when it is not.
  • ILPC is performed by comparing the estimated effective SIR with a target SIR. It should be noted that the E-DPCCH does not include true pilot bits, but rather coded information that needs to be demodulated and in some cases decoded before E- DPCCH symbols can be used to assist channel estimation.
  • Equation 2 above provides an estimate of the effective SI R using the amplitude relations of the channels, but it is possible to refine the estimate by introducing correction factors depending on specific circumstances and taking into account SI RDPCCH and SI Rchan est ! as described in Equation 3.
  • E-TFCI E-DCH Transport Format Combination Identifier
  • beta factors beta factors
  • a and ⁇ may be constants.
  • SIR e ff e ctive is used for ILPC by comparing SIR e ff e ctive with the SI R target at the Node B 5.
  • a base station 6 such as a Node B.
  • the base station 6 is provided with a receiver 7 for receiving signals from a U E 6 a DPCCH and an E-DPCCH.
  • the receiver 7 is illustrated as a single unit in Figure 2, although it will be appreciated that different receivers may be used, or the receiver may be embodied in a transceiver.
  • a processor 13 is provided for performing functional tasks. These functional tasks are illustrated as an SI Reffective measuring unit 9 for determining SI Reffective- , as described above.
  • a comparison unit 10 is provided for comparing the SI Reffective with the target SI R.
  • a power determination unit 12 is provided for performing ILPC and determining an allowable power usage for the DPCCH from the UE 6 on the basis of the comparison.
  • a transmitter 14 is provided for sending a message to the UE 6 informing the UE 6 of the allowable power usage.
  • a computer readable medium in the form of a memory 15 may be provided. This can be used to store a program 16 for execution by the processor 13, which would in effect give rise to the units 9, 10, 1 1 and 12 described above.
  • the memory 15 may also be used to store the target SIR 17.
  • the memory 15 may be used to store other information.
  • the base station 6 may be provided with the amplitude relation of the control channels, in which case the amplitude relation may be stored in the memory 15.
  • Figure 3 is flow diagram illustrating the steps of this embodiment of the invention. The following numbering corresponds to the numbering of Figure 3.
  • S1 Base station 7 receives signals from UE 6 via the DPCCH and the E_DPCCH.
  • the base station 7 measures SI RDPCCH- S3.
  • the base station 7 determines SI Reffecitve using the measured SI RDPCCH and an estimate of SI R E- DPCCH, as described above. This may use measured or previously known amplitude ratios, and/or other factors such as a and ⁇ , as described in Equation 3.
  • the base station 7 compares SIR e ff e ctive with the target SIR.
  • IPLC is performed by the base station 7 on the basis of the comparison, in order to determine an allowable DPCCH power usage for the UE 6.
  • the base station 7 sends a message to the UE 6 informing the UE 6 of the allowable DPCCH power usage.
  • the Node B 5 or a RNC 4 determines a new target SI R (SI R-t) that is based on an estimate of the power usage of the E-DPCCH. This is then compared with the measured SI RDPCCH for ILPC in order to perform power control.
  • SI R-t NE w The new target SI R (SI R-t NE w) can be derived as follows:
  • Equation 4 The existing SIR-t, assuming steady state, is given by Equation 4.
  • SI R-t SI RDPCCH (4)
  • SIR-t NE w can be determined using an estimate of the effective SIR of the DPCCH and E-DPCCH (Equation 5).
  • SI Reffective can be estimated using correction factors a and ⁇ , and so SI R-t NE w can be expressed as shown in Equation 6.
  • SI R-tNEw a SI RDPCCH + Y SI RE-DPCCH (6)
  • SI RE-DPCCH can be estimated using the amplitude ratios, as described in Equation 2, and so SI R-t NE w can be expressed as shown in Equation 7.
  • Equation 9 Combining Equations 8 and 4 gives a value of SIR-t NE w based on the existing SIR-t that takes into account the SIR of the E-DPCCH, as shown in Equation 9.
  • SIR-t NE w may be determined by the RNC 4 serving the Node B 5, and so SIR-t can be calculated by the RNC 4 and provided to the Node B 5 served by the RNC. In this way, the behaviour of the Node B 5 is unchanged from its current behaviour, making the invention easier to apply to existing mobile radio communication networks. It will be appreciated that SIR-t NE w need not necessarily be determined using 3 ec and ⁇ 0 , but could instead use other factors to estimate SIR E DPCCH-
  • RNC 18 is provided with a receiver 19 for receiving information from which SI RDPCCH can be determined.
  • a processor 20 is provided for making a determination of SI R-t NEW , as described above.
  • a transmitter 21 is also provided for sending SI R-t NEW to a base station for use in I LPC.
  • a computer readable medium in the form of a memory 22 may also be provided, on which to store a computer program 23 which, when executed on the processor 20, causes the processor to perform the functions described above.
  • Figure 5 is flow diagram illustrating the steps of this embodiment of the invention. The following numbering corresponds to the numbering of Figure 5.
  • the RNC 18 receives information allowing it to determine SIR-t.
  • the RNC 18 determines SIR-t NEW , as described above.
  • the RNC 18 sends SIR-t NEW to a base station fro use in ILPC.
  • the present invention relies on using the E-DPCCH for channel estimation. This in turn may require adequate channel estimates of the DPCCH . Hence, it may be beneficial to complement the I LPC algorithm with a minimum DPCCH SI R level to ensure an accurate estimation of the E-DPCCH SIR.
  • the invention allows the DPCCH power (or DPCCH SI R) operating point to be maintained at a low level for HSPA users, for the whole range of data rates. This increases the capacity of the network, and allows more HSPA users to be admitted in the cell.
  • the i nvention may be appl ied i n any type of communications network.
  • E-DPCCH Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel
  • E-DPDCH Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel
  • RBS Radio Base Station
  • RNC Radio Network Controllers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP10848563.2A 2010-03-24 2010-03-24 Lastreduzierung in einem kommunikationsnetzwerk Not-in-force EP2550829B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE2010/050324 WO2011119080A1 (en) 2010-03-24 2010-03-24 Reducing load in a communications network

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EP2550829A1 true EP2550829A1 (de) 2013-01-30
EP2550829A4 EP2550829A4 (de) 2013-07-31
EP2550829B1 EP2550829B1 (de) 2018-01-24

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EP2749093B1 (de) 2011-10-06 2017-06-14 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Leistungsregler, verfahren, computerprogramm und computerprogrammprodukt zur sendeleistungsregelung
CN102340814B (zh) * 2011-10-08 2015-04-08 华为技术有限公司 一种用户设备发射功率的评估方法及系统、相关设备
US9578605B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2017-02-21 Parallel Wireless, Inc. Adjusting transmit power across a network
US20190320432A1 (en) * 2018-04-13 2019-10-17 Parallel Wireless, Inc. Extended Data Indication for Indication of DPCCH Decoding Problems
US10917856B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2021-02-09 Parallel Wireless, Inc. Statistical projection for controlling BLER
US11166240B2 (en) 2019-01-24 2021-11-02 Parallel Wireless, Inc. Power budget calculation using power headroom

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US9030954B2 (en) 2015-05-12
WO2011119080A1 (en) 2011-09-29
EP2550829B1 (de) 2018-01-24
US20130010633A1 (en) 2013-01-10
EP2550829A4 (de) 2013-07-31

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