EP2548987B1 - Seamless steel pipe for steam injection, and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents
Seamless steel pipe for steam injection, and method of manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2548987B1 EP2548987B1 EP11756085.4A EP11756085A EP2548987B1 EP 2548987 B1 EP2548987 B1 EP 2548987B1 EP 11756085 A EP11756085 A EP 11756085A EP 2548987 B1 EP2548987 B1 EP 2548987B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel pipe
- seamless steel
- temperature
- steam injection
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 180
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 180
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003027 oil sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102100039986 Apoptosis inhibitor 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000959871 Homo sapiens Apoptosis inhibitor 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B23/00—Tube-rolling not restricted to methods provided for in only one of groups B21B17/00, B21B19/00, B21B21/00, e.g. combined processes planetary tube rolling, auxiliary arrangements, e.g. lubricating, special tube blanks, continuous casting combined with tube rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B2045/0227—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for tubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seamless steel pipe and a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe and, more particularly, to a seamless steel pipe for steam injection and a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe for steam injection.
- the steam injection process is used to obtain asphalt from oil sand.
- asphalt is obtained by injecting high-temperature, high-pressure steam into underground oil sand layers.
- Steel pipes used in the steam injection process lead steam to oil sand layers.
- the temperature of the steam is 300 to 350°C.
- the steam has high pressures.
- steel pipes for steam injection capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures are required.
- steel pipes for steam injection having high strength in the temperature range of 300 to 350°C are required.
- JP56-29637A Patent Document 1
- JP2-50917A Patent Document 2
- JP2000-290728A Patent Document 3
- JP62013557 discloses steel pipes for steam injection used for steam flooding, which is a recovery method of a crude oil, wherein the steel pipes are annealed after rolling.
- the yield strength at 350°C of all of the steels for steam injection disclosed in these Patent Documents 1 to 3 is lower than steel of X80 Grade of the API5 L standard. More specifically, yield stresses at 350°C of the steels of these Patent Documents are less than 555 MPa.
- It is an object of the present invention is to provide a steel pipe for steam injection having high yield stresses even at 350°C.
- the seamless steel pipe for steam injection has a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, and Cu: at most 1.5%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%, the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein the seamless steel pipe has a yield stress of at least 600 MPa at 350°C and has a microstructure obtained by being water cooled after hot working and by being quenched and tempered.
- the method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe for steam injection includes the steps of: heating a round billet to a temperature of from 1050 to 1300°C, the round billet having a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, and Cu: at most 1.5%%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%, the balance being Fe and impurities; piercing the heated round billet to produce a hollow shell; rolling the hollow shell to produce a seamless steel pipe with a finishing temperature of at least the A 3 point; water cooling the seamless steel pipe after rolling from
- the present inventors completed the seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to the embodiment of the present invention based on the following findings.
- the seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following chemical composition.
- % relating to an element refers to a mass percent.
- Carbon (C) increases the strength of steel. However, if C is contained excessively, toughness decreases and weldability decreases. Therefore, the C content is 0.03 to 0.08%. A preferable lower limit to the C content is 0.04%. A preferable upper limit to the C content is 0.06%.
- Si deoxidizes steel.
- the toughness of steel decreases.
- the toughness of a weld-heat affected zone decreases and weldability decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 0.05 to 0.5%.
- a preferable upper limit to the Si content is 0.3%, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.15%.
- Mn Manganese
- HIC hydrogen-induced cracking
- Molybdenum (Mo) increases the high-temperature strength of steel. Specifically, Mo dissolves in steel in a solid solution state and increases the hardenability of steel. The high-temperature strength of steel is increased by an increase in the hardenability. Furthermore, Mo forms fine carbides and increases the high-temperature strength of steel. Furthermore, Mo dissolves in steel in a solid solution state and enhances temper softening resistance. However, if Mo is contained excessively, weldability decreases. More specifically, the toughness of a weld-heat affected zone decreases. Therefore, the Mo content is higher than 0.4% and is at most 1.2%. A preferable lower limit to the Mo content is 0.5%, and a more preferable lower limit is 0.6%.
- the Al content in the present invention means the content of acid-soluble Al (what is called Sol. Al).
- Ca Calcium (Ca) combines with S to form CaS. S is fixed by the generation of CaS. Therefore, the toughness and corrosion resistance of steel are increased. Furthermore, calcium restrains the nozzle of a continuous casting apparatus from being clogged during casting. On the other hand, if Ca is contained excessively, Ca is apt to generate cluster-like inclusions and the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.001 to 0.005%.
- N Nitrogen
- Phosphorous (P) is an impurity. P lowers the toughness of steel. Therefore, the lower the P content, the more preferable. The P content is at most 0.03%.
- S Sulfur
- S is an impurity. S lowers the toughness of steel. Therefore, the lower the S content, the more preferable. The S content is at most 0.01%.
- Copper (Cu) increases the HIC resistance. Specifically, Cu restrains hydrogen from entering steel and restrains the occurrence and propagation of HIC. The above-described effect is obtained if Cu is contained even a little.
- the Cu content is preferably at least 0.02%. On the other hand, if Cu is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Cu content is at most 1.5%.
- the balance of the chemical composition of the seamless steel pipe according to the embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- the seamless steel pipe according to the embodiment may also contain, in place of part of Fe, one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr, Nb, Ti, Ni, and V. These elements increase the strength of steel.
- Chromium (Cr) is an optional element. Cr enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Cr is contained even a little.
- the Cr content is preferably at least 0.02%, more preferably at least 0.1%, and still more preferably at least 0.2%.
- the Cr content is at most 1.0%.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element. Nb forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, Nb increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Nb is contained even a little.
- the Nb content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if Nb is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Nb content is at most 0.1%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an optional element. Ti suppresses the occurrence of surface defects of cast pieces during continuous casting. Furthermore, Ti forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, Ti increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Ti is contained even a little. The Ti content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if Ti is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Ti content is at most 0.1%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an optional element. Ni enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Ni is contained even a little.
- the Ni content is preferably at least 0.02%. On the other hand, if Ni is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Ni content is at most 1.0%.
- Vanadium (V) is an optional element. V forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, V increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if V is contained even a little.
- the V content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if V is contained excessively, the toughness of steel decreases. Therefore, the V content is at most 0.2%.
- the seamless steel pipe in accordance with this embodiment is acceleratedly cooled after hot working.
- the seamless steel pipe is further quenched and tempered after accelerated cooling.
- the yield stress of the seamless steel pipe manufactured by the above-described process at 350°C is at least 600 MPa.
- the seamless steel pipe has high toughness because the seamless steel pipe has a micro-structure in which the crystal grains are refined. Therefore, a decrease in the weldability of steel is suppressed in spite of the high Mo content.
- a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment will be described in detail.
- FIG 1 is a block diagram showing one example of a manufacturing line for a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to this embodiment.
- the manufacturing line includes a heating furnace 1, a piercer 2, an elongation rolling mill 3, a sizing mill 4, a holding furnace 5, a water cooling apparatus 6, a quenching apparatus 7, and a tempering apparatus 8. Between the apparatuses, a plurality of transfer rollers 10 are arranged.
- the quenching apparatus 7 and the tempering apparatus 8 are included in the manufacturing line. However, the quenching apparatus 7 and the tempering apparatus 8 may be arranged separately from the manufacturing line. In other words, the quenching apparatus 7 and the tempering apparatus 8 may be arranged off-line.
- Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of the seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing a change in the surface temperature of a material being rolled (a round billet, a hollow shell, and a seamless steel pipe) with respect to time during the manufacture.
- a round billet is heated by the heating furnace 1 (S1).
- the heated round billet is hot worked into a seamless steel pipe (S2 and S3).
- the round billet is piercing-rolled into a hollow shell by the piercer 2 (S2), and further, the hollow shell is rolled into the seamless steel pipe by the elongation rolling mill 3 and the sizing mill 4 (S3).
- the seamless steel pipe produced by hot working is heated to a predetermined temperature as necessary by the holding furnace 5 (S4).
- the seamless steel pipe is water cooled (acceleratedly cooled) by the water cooling apparatus 6 (S5).
- the water cooled seamless steel pipe is quenched by the quenching apparatus 7 (S6), and is tempered by the tempering apparatus 8 (S7).
- each of the steps is explained in detail.
- a round billet is heated by the heating furnace 1.
- the heating temperature is preferably 1050 to 1300°C. Heating the round billet at a temperature in this temperature range provides high hot workability of the round billet at the piercing-rolling time, and surface defects are suppressed. Also, heating the round billet at a temperature in this temperature range restrains crystal grains from coarsening.
- the heating furnace is a well-known walking beam furnace or rotary furnace, for example.
- the round billet is taken out of the heating furnace 1, and the heated round billet is piercing-rolled to produce a hollow shell by the piercer 2.
- the piercer 2 has a well-known configuration. Specifically, the piercer 2 includes a pair of conical rolls and a plug. The plug is arranged between the conical rolls.
- the piercer 2 is preferably a toe angle piercer. This is because piercing-rolling can be performed at a high pipe expansion rate.
- the hollow shell is rolled. Specifically, the hollow shell is elongated and rolled by the elongation rolling mill 3.
- the elongation rolling mill 3 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series.
- the elongation rolling mill 3 is a mandrel mill, for example.
- the elongated and rolled hollow shell is sized by the sizing mill 4 to produce a seamless steel pipe.
- the sizing mill 4 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series.
- the sizing mill 4 is a sizer or a stretch reducer, for example.
- the surface temperature of the hollow shell rolled by the rearmost roll stand of the plurality of roll stands of the sizing mill 4 is defined as a "finishing temperature".
- the finishing temperature is measured, for example, by a temperature sensor disposed on the outlet side of the rearmost roll stand of the sizing mill 4.
- the finishing temperature is preferably at least the A 3 point (more specifically, the A c3 point) as shown in Figure 3 .
- the finishing temperature is more preferably at least 900°C, and still more preferably at least 950°C.
- the A c3 point of a seamless steel pipe having the chemical composition of the present invention is 750 to 950°C. At a finishing temperature of 900°C or higher, in a hollow shell being subjected to sizing, the heat loss caused by roll heat dissipation is small. Therefore, the temperature unevenness of the produced seamless steel pipe can be reduced.
- a reheating step (S4) is carried out as necessary.
- the reheating step need not necessarily be carried out.
- the process proceeds from step S3 to step S5.
- the holding furnace 5 may not be provided.
- the produced seamless steel pipe is charged into the holding furnace 5 and is heated. Thereby, the temperature unevenness of the produced seamless steel pipe is reduced.
- the heating temperature in the holding furnace 5 is the A r3 point to 1100°C. If the heating temperature is lower than the A r3 point, the ⁇ phase precipitates and the micro-structure becomes nonuniform, so that the variations in strength increase. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 1100°C, the crystal grains coarsen.
- the heating time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
- the seamless steel pipe produced in step S3 or the seamless steel pipe reheated in step S4 is water cooled (acceleratedly cooled) by the water cooling apparatus 6.
- the surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe just before water cooling is substantially the same as the finishing temperature or the heating temperature in the holding furnace. That is, the surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe just before water cooling is at least the A 3 point, preferably at least 900°C, and still more preferably at least 950°C.
- the water cooling apparatus 6 includes a plurality of rotating rollers, a laminar stream device, and a jet stream device.
- the plurality of rotating rollers are arranged in two rows, and the seamless steel pipe is arranged between the plurality of rotating rollers arranged in two rows. At this time, the rotating rollers arranged in two rows come into contact with a lower portion on the outer surface of the seamless steel pipe.
- the laminar stream device is arranged above the rotating rollers, and sprinkles water onto the seamless steel pipe from above. At this time, the water sprinkled onto the seamless steel pipe forms a laminar stream.
- the jet stream device is disposed near the end of the seamless steel pipe placed on the rotating rollers, and injects a jet stream from the end of the seamless steel pipe into the steel pipe.
- the laminar stream device and the jet stream device By use of the laminar stream device and the jet stream device, the outer and inner surfaces of the seamless steel pipe are cooled at the same time.
- the water cooling apparatus 6 cools the seamless steel pipe until the surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe reaches a temperature of at most 450°C.
- the water cooling stop temperature is at most 450°C.
- the crystal grains of the seamless steel pipe are refined further by quenching in the subsequent step. As a result, the toughness of the seamless steel pipe is improved further.
- the cooling rate of the water cooling apparatus 6 is preferably at least 10°C/sec.
- the water cooling apparatus 6 may be an apparatus other than the above-described apparatus including the rotating rollers, the laminar stream device, and the jet stream device.
- the water cooling apparatus 6 may be a water tank.
- the seamless steel pipe produced in step S3 is immersed in the water tank, and is cooled.
- Such a cooling method is called "dip cooling”.
- the water cooling apparatus 6 may consist of the laminar stream device only. In sum, the type of the water cooling apparatus 6 is not subject to any restriction.
- the seamless steel pipe water cooled by the water cooling apparatus 6 is quenched.
- the quenching temperature is preferably higher than the A c3 point and at most 1000°C.
- the micro-structure of the seamless steel pipe transforms from bainite to a fine austenitic structure. That is, reverse transformation takes place.
- the crystal grains are refined. That is, by performing accelerated cooling in step S5, the refining of crystal grains can be promoted in the quenching step.
- the quenching temperature is lower than the A c3 transformation point, the reverse transformation does not take place sufficiently.
- the quenching temperature exceeds 1000°C, the crystal grains coarsen.
- the soaking time in quenching is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes. After soaking at the quenching temperature, the seamless steel pipe is water cooled.
- the quenched steel pipe is tempered.
- the tempering temperature is at most the A c1 point, and is regulated based on desired dynamic properties.
- the yield stress of the seamless steel pipe of the present invention at 350°C can be regulated to at least 600 MPa.
- the variations in the tempering temperature are preferably ⁇ 10°C, and more preferably ⁇ 5°C. If the variations in the tempering temperature are small, the desired dynamic properties are achieved easily.
- the yield stress of the seamless steel pipe at 350 °C can be regulated to at least 600 MPa.
- a plurality of seamless steel pipes for steam injection having various chemical compositions were manufactured, and yield stresses at normal temperature (23°C) to 360°C were examined.
- a plurality of billets having the chemical compositions given in Table 1 were manufactured.
- the chemical compositions of billets of steel No. 1 (inventive example) and steel No. 2 (inventive example) were within the range of the chemical composition of the present invention.
- the chemical composition of steel No. 3 (comparative example) was out of the range of the chemical composition of the present invention.
- the Mn content of steel No. 3 was less than the lower limit to the Mn content of the present invention.
- the Mo content of steel No. 3 was less than the lower limit to the Mo content of the present invention.
- the contents of elements of steel No. 3 other than Mn and Mo were within the range of the chemical composition of the present invention.
- All of the N contents of steel No. 1 to 3 were within the range of 0.002 to 0.015%.
- the Ti content of steel No. 2 and the Nb contents of steel No. 1 and No. 2 were at the level of impurities.
- each of the produced billets was heated by the heating furnace.
- the billets were piercing-rolled by the piercer to produce hollow shells.
- the hollow shells were elongated and rolled by the mandrel mill, and were then sized by the sizer, whereby a plurality of seamless steel pipes were produced.
- the seamless steel pipes of steel No. 1 and No. 2 were water cooled (acceleratedly cooled). The finishing temperature of all of the seamless steel pipes was 1100°C, and the water cooling stop temperature was 450°C.
- air cooling was performed after rolling.
- each of the seamless steel pipes after cooling was quenched.
- the quenching temperature was 950 °C and soaking was performed for 40 minutes.
- the seamless steel pipes were tempered.
- the tempering temperature was 650 °C and soaking was performed for 30 minutes.
- a plurality of tensile test specimens conforming to ASTM A370 were sampled. And by using the tensile test specimens, the tensile test conforming to ASTM E21 was conducted in the temperature range of room temperature (23°C) to 360°C. More specifically, in each test No., the tensile test was conducted by using two tensile test specimens at the temperatures of 23°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 350°C (only steel No. 3), and 360°C (only steel No. 1 and No. 2). The yield stress and tensile strength were determined on the basis of the test results. In this embodiment, the yield stress was determined by the 0.5% total elongation method.
- Table 2 shows the yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipes of each steel No.
- Figure 4 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 1.
- Figure 5 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 2.
- Figure 6 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3.
- the symbol ⁇ in Figures 4 to 6 indicates yield stress.
- the symbol ⁇ indicates tensile strength.
- yield stress columns in Table 2 show the yield stress (MPa) of corresponding steel Nos. at each temperature. Two values are shown as the yield stress at each temperature. For example, "720/721” is entered in the yield stress column of steel No. 1 at 23°C. In this case, "720/721” indicates that the tensile stresses obtained from two tensile test specimens were 720 MPa and 721 MPa. Similarly, the "tensile strength” columns in Table 2 show the tensile strength (MPa) of corresponding steel Nos. at each temperature.
- the yield stresses of the seamless steel pipes of steel No. 1 and steel No. 2 were larger than the yield stresses of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3. Furthermore, the yield stresses of steel No. 1 and steel No. 2 at 350°C were at least 600 MPa. On the other hand, the yield stresses of steel No. 3 at 350°C were less than 600 MPa.
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Description
- The present invention relates to a seamless steel pipe and a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe and, more particularly, to a seamless steel pipe for steam injection and a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe for steam injection.
- The steam injection process is used to obtain asphalt from oil sand. In the steam injection process, asphalt is obtained by injecting high-temperature, high-pressure steam into underground oil sand layers.
- Steel pipes used in the steam injection process lead steam to oil sand layers. The temperature of the steam is 300 to 350°C. Also, the steam has high pressures. For this reason, steel pipes for steam injection capable of withstanding high temperatures and high pressures are required. More specifically, steel pipes for steam injection having high strength in the temperature range of 300 to 350°C are required.
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JP56-29637A JP2-50917A JP2000-290728A -
JP62013557 - The yield strength at 350°C of all of the steels for steam injection disclosed in these
Patent Documents 1 to 3 is lower than steel of X80 Grade of the API5 L standard. More specifically, yield stresses at 350°C of the steels of these Patent Documents are less than 555 MPa. - It is desirable to use steam of higher temperatures and pressures than ever before in order to obtain more asphalt from oil sand. Steel pipes for steam injection are required to provide greater high-temperature strength than ever before so that high-temperature, high-pressure steam can be used.
- It is an object of the present invention is to provide a steel pipe for steam injection having high yield stresses even at 350°C.
- The seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, and Cu: at most 1.5%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%, the balance being Fe and impurities, wherein the seamless steel pipe has a yield stress of at least 600 MPa at 350°C and has a microstructure obtained by being water cooled after hot working and by being quenched and tempered.
- The method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: heating a round billet to a temperature of from 1050 to 1300°C, the round billet having a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, and Cu: at most 1.5%%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%, the balance being Fe and impurities; piercing the heated round billet to produce a hollow shell; rolling the hollow shell to produce a seamless steel pipe with a finishing temperature of at least the A3 point; water cooling the seamless steel pipe after rolling from a temperature of not lower than the A3 point to a temperature of 450°C or lower; quenching the water cooled seamless steel pipe from a temperature of higher than the Ac3 point and at most 1000°C; and tempering the quenched seamless steel pipe at a temperature of at most the Ac1 point.
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Figure 1 is a functional block diagram showing the arrangement of manufacturing equipment of a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to an embodiment; -
Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to the embodiment; -
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the temperatures of a billet, a hollow shell and a seamless steel pipe in each step ofFigure 2 ; -
Figure 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress of a seamless steel pipe of steel No. 1 in the Example; -
Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress of a seamless steel pipe of steel No. 2 in the Example; and -
Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress of a seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3 in the Example. - Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference characters and their description will not be repeated.
- The present inventors completed the seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to the embodiment of the present invention based on the following findings.
- (1) If much molybdenum (Mo) is contained, the yield strength at high temperatures increases. Mo dissolves in steel in a solid solution state and increases the yield stresses of steel at high temperatures. Also, Mo combines with C to form fine carbides and enhances the yield stresses of steel at high temperatures.
- (2) If much Mo is contained, weldability decreases. However, weldability is increased by acceleratedly cooling a seamless steel pipe manufactured by hot working and further subjecting the pipe to quenching and tempering. The crystal grains of the steel pipe subjected to accelerated cooling, quenching and tempering are refined. For this reason, the toughness of a weld-heat affected zone and a base metal increases and a decrease in weldability is suppressed.
- Hereinafter, embodiments of the seamless steel pipe for steam injection will be described in detail.
- The seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following chemical composition. Hereunder, "%" relating to an element refers to a mass percent.
- Carbon (C) increases the strength of steel. However, if C is contained excessively, toughness decreases and weldability decreases. Therefore, the C content is 0.03 to 0.08%. A preferable lower limit to the C content is 0.04%. A preferable upper limit to the C content is 0.06%.
- Silicon (Si) deoxidizes steel. However, if Si is contained excessively, the toughness of steel decreases. In particular, the toughness of a weld-heat affected zone decreases and weldability decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 0.05 to 0.5%. A preferable upper limit to the Si content is 0.3%, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.15%.
- Manganese (Mn) enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength of steel. Furthermore, Mn increases the toughness of steel. However, if Mn is contained excessively, the HIC (hydrogen-induced cracking) resistance decreases. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.5 to 3.0%. A preferable lower limit to the Mn content is 1.8%, a more preferable lower limit is 2.0%, and a still more preferable lower limit is 2.1%.
- Molybdenum (Mo) increases the high-temperature strength of steel. Specifically, Mo dissolves in steel in a solid solution state and increases the hardenability of steel. The high-temperature strength of steel is increased by an increase in the hardenability. Furthermore, Mo forms fine carbides and increases the high-temperature strength of steel. Furthermore, Mo dissolves in steel in a solid solution state and enhances temper softening resistance. However, if Mo is contained excessively, weldability decreases. More specifically, the toughness of a weld-heat affected zone decreases. Therefore, the Mo content is higher than 0.4% and is at most 1.2%. A preferable lower limit to the Mo content is 0.5%, and a more preferable lower limit is 0.6%.
- Aluminum (Al) deoxidizes steel. However, if Al is contained excessively, Al generates cluster-like inclusions and lowers the toughness of steel. Furthermore, if Al is contained excessively, surface defects are apt to occur when a beveled surface is formed on a pipe end. Therefore, the Al content is 0.005 to 0.100%. A preferable upper limit to the Al content is 0.050%, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.030%. A preferable lower limit to the Al content is 0.010%. The Al content in the present invention means the content of acid-soluble Al (what is called Sol. Al).
- Calcium (Ca) combines with S to form CaS. S is fixed by the generation of CaS. Therefore, the toughness and corrosion resistance of steel are increased. Furthermore, calcium restrains the nozzle of a continuous casting apparatus from being clogged during casting. On the other hand, if Ca is contained excessively, Ca is apt to generate cluster-like inclusions and the HIC resistance decreases. Therefore, the Ca content is 0.001 to 0.005%.
- Nitrogen (N) enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength of steel. On the other hand, if N is contained excessively, the toughness of steel decreases. Therefore, the N content is 0.002 to 0.015%.
- Phosphorous (P) is an impurity. P lowers the toughness of steel. Therefore, the lower the P content, the more preferable. The P content is at most 0.03%.
- Sulfur (S) is an impurity. S lowers the toughness of steel. Therefore, the lower the S content, the more preferable. The S content is at most 0.01%.
- Copper (Cu) increases the HIC resistance. Specifically, Cu restrains hydrogen from entering steel and restrains the occurrence and propagation of HIC. The above-described effect is obtained if Cu is contained even a little. The Cu content is preferably at least 0.02%. On the other hand, if Cu is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Cu content is at most 1.5%.
- The balance of the chemical composition of the seamless steel pipe according to the embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- The seamless steel pipe according to the embodiment may also contain, in place of part of Fe, one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr, Nb, Ti, Ni, and V. These elements increase the strength of steel.
- Chromium (Cr) is an optional element. Cr enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Cr is contained even a little. The Cr content is preferably at least 0.02%, more preferably at least 0.1%, and still more preferably at least 0.2%. On the other hand, if Cr is contained excessively, the toughness of steel decreases. Therefore, the Cr content is at most 1.0%.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element. Nb forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, Nb increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Nb is contained even a little. The Nb content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if Nb is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Nb content is at most 0.1%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an optional element. Ti suppresses the occurrence of surface defects of cast pieces during continuous casting. Furthermore, Ti forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, Ti increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Ti is contained even a little. The Ti content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if Ti is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Ti content is at most 0.1%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an optional element. Ni enhances the hardenability of steel and increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if Ni is contained even a little. The Ni content is preferably at least 0.02%. On the other hand, if Ni is contained excessively, the above-described effect becomes saturated. Therefore, the Ni content is at most 1.0%.
- Vanadium (V) is an optional element. V forms carbonitrides and refines the crystal grains of steel. Therefore, V increases the strength and toughness of steel. The above-described effect is obtained if V is contained even a little. The V content is preferably at least 0.003%. On the other hand, if V is contained excessively, the toughness of steel decreases. Therefore, the V content is at most 0.2%.
- The seamless steel pipe in accordance with this embodiment is acceleratedly cooled after hot working. The seamless steel pipe is further quenched and tempered after accelerated cooling. The yield stress of the seamless steel pipe manufactured by the above-described process at 350°C is at least 600 MPa. In addition, the seamless steel pipe has high toughness because the seamless steel pipe has a micro-structure in which the crystal grains are refined. Therefore, a decrease in the weldability of steel is suppressed in spite of the high Mo content. Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment will be described in detail.
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Figure 1 is a block diagram showing one example of a manufacturing line for a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to this embodiment. Referring toFigure 1 , the manufacturing line includes aheating furnace 1, apiercer 2, anelongation rolling mill 3, a sizingmill 4, a holdingfurnace 5, awater cooling apparatus 6, aquenching apparatus 7, and atempering apparatus 8. Between the apparatuses, a plurality oftransfer rollers 10 are arranged. InFigure 1 , thequenching apparatus 7 and thetempering apparatus 8 are included in the manufacturing line. However, thequenching apparatus 7 and thetempering apparatus 8 may be arranged separately from the manufacturing line. In other words, thequenching apparatus 7 and thetempering apparatus 8 may be arranged off-line. -
Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of the seamless steel pipe according to this embodiment.Figure 3 is a diagram showing a change in the surface temperature of a material being rolled (a round billet, a hollow shell, and a seamless steel pipe) with respect to time during the manufacture. - Referring to
Figures 2 and3 , in the method for manufacturing the seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to this embodiment, first, a round billet is heated by the heating furnace 1 (S1). Successively, the heated round billet is hot worked into a seamless steel pipe (S2 and S3). Specifically, the round billet is piercing-rolled into a hollow shell by the piercer 2 (S2), and further, the hollow shell is rolled into the seamless steel pipe by theelongation rolling mill 3 and the sizing mill 4 (S3). The seamless steel pipe produced by hot working is heated to a predetermined temperature as necessary by the holding furnace 5 (S4). Successively, the seamless steel pipe is water cooled (acceleratedly cooled) by the water cooling apparatus 6 (S5). The water cooled seamless steel pipe is quenched by the quenching apparatus 7 (S6), and is tempered by the tempering apparatus 8 (S7). Hereunder, each of the steps is explained in detail. - First, a round billet is heated by the
heating furnace 1. The heating temperature is preferably 1050 to 1300°C. Heating the round billet at a temperature in this temperature range provides high hot workability of the round billet at the piercing-rolling time, and surface defects are suppressed. Also, heating the round billet at a temperature in this temperature range restrains crystal grains from coarsening. The heating furnace is a well-known walking beam furnace or rotary furnace, for example. - The round billet is taken out of the
heating furnace 1, and the heated round billet is piercing-rolled to produce a hollow shell by thepiercer 2. Thepiercer 2 has a well-known configuration. Specifically, thepiercer 2 includes a pair of conical rolls and a plug. The plug is arranged between the conical rolls. Thepiercer 2 is preferably a toe angle piercer. This is because piercing-rolling can be performed at a high pipe expansion rate. - Next, the hollow shell is rolled. Specifically, the hollow shell is elongated and rolled by the
elongation rolling mill 3. Theelongation rolling mill 3 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series. Theelongation rolling mill 3 is a mandrel mill, for example. Successively, the elongated and rolled hollow shell is sized by the sizingmill 4 to produce a seamless steel pipe. The sizingmill 4 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series. The sizingmill 4 is a sizer or a stretch reducer, for example. - The surface temperature of the hollow shell rolled by the rearmost roll stand of the plurality of roll stands of the sizing
mill 4 is defined as a "finishing temperature". The finishing temperature is measured, for example, by a temperature sensor disposed on the outlet side of the rearmost roll stand of the sizingmill 4. The finishing temperature is preferably at least the A3 point (more specifically, the Ac3 point) as shown inFigure 3 . The finishing temperature is more preferably at least 900°C, and still more preferably at least 950°C. The Ac3 point of a seamless steel pipe having the chemical composition of the present invention is 750 to 950°C. At a finishing temperature of 900°C or higher, in a hollow shell being subjected to sizing, the heat loss caused by roll heat dissipation is small. Therefore, the temperature unevenness of the produced seamless steel pipe can be reduced. - A reheating step (S4) is carried out as necessary. In other words, the reheating step need not necessarily be carried out. In the case where the reheating step is not carried out, in
Figure 2 , the process proceeds from step S3 to step S5. Also, in the case where the reheating step is not carried out, inFigure 1 , the holdingfurnace 5 may not be provided. - In the case where the reheating step is carried out, the produced seamless steel pipe is charged into the holding
furnace 5 and is heated. Thereby, the temperature unevenness of the produced seamless steel pipe is reduced. The heating temperature in the holdingfurnace 5 is the Ar3 point to 1100°C. If the heating temperature is lower than the Ar3 point, the α phase precipitates and the micro-structure becomes nonuniform, so that the variations in strength increase. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 1100°C, the crystal grains coarsen. The heating time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes. - The seamless steel pipe produced in step S3 or the seamless steel pipe reheated in step S4 is water cooled (acceleratedly cooled) by the
water cooling apparatus 6. The surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe just before water cooling is substantially the same as the finishing temperature or the heating temperature in the holding furnace. That is, the surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe just before water cooling is at least the A3 point, preferably at least 900°C, and still more preferably at least 950°C. - The
water cooling apparatus 6 includes a plurality of rotating rollers, a laminar stream device, and a jet stream device. The plurality of rotating rollers are arranged in two rows, and the seamless steel pipe is arranged between the plurality of rotating rollers arranged in two rows. At this time, the rotating rollers arranged in two rows come into contact with a lower portion on the outer surface of the seamless steel pipe. When the rotating rollers rotate, the seamless steel pipe rotates around the axis thereof. The laminar stream device is arranged above the rotating rollers, and sprinkles water onto the seamless steel pipe from above. At this time, the water sprinkled onto the seamless steel pipe forms a laminar stream. The jet stream device is disposed near the end of the seamless steel pipe placed on the rotating rollers, and injects a jet stream from the end of the seamless steel pipe into the steel pipe. By use of the laminar stream device and the jet stream device, the outer and inner surfaces of the seamless steel pipe are cooled at the same time. - Preferably, the
water cooling apparatus 6 cools the seamless steel pipe until the surface temperature of the seamless steel pipe reaches a temperature of at most 450°C. In other words, the water cooling stop temperature is at most 450°C. With the water cooling stop temperature at most 450°C, the crystal grains of the seamless steel pipe are refined further by quenching in the subsequent step. As a result, the toughness of the seamless steel pipe is improved further. - The cooling rate of the
water cooling apparatus 6 is preferably at least 10°C/sec. Thewater cooling apparatus 6 may be an apparatus other than the above-described apparatus including the rotating rollers, the laminar stream device, and the jet stream device. For example, thewater cooling apparatus 6 may be a water tank. In this case, the seamless steel pipe produced in step S3 is immersed in the water tank, and is cooled. Such a cooling method is called "dip cooling". Also, thewater cooling apparatus 6 may consist of the laminar stream device only. In sum, the type of thewater cooling apparatus 6 is not subject to any restriction. - The seamless steel pipe water cooled by the
water cooling apparatus 6 is quenched. The quenching temperature is preferably higher than the Ac3 point and at most 1000°C. When the seamless steel pipe is heated to the above-described quenching temperature, the micro-structure of the seamless steel pipe transforms from bainite to a fine austenitic structure. That is, reverse transformation takes place. At this time, the crystal grains are refined. That is, by performing accelerated cooling in step S5, the refining of crystal grains can be promoted in the quenching step. - If the quenching temperature is lower than the Ac3 transformation point, the reverse transformation does not take place sufficiently. On the other hand, if the quenching temperature exceeds 1000°C, the crystal grains coarsen. The soaking time in quenching is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes. After soaking at the quenching temperature, the seamless steel pipe is water cooled.
- The quenched steel pipe is tempered. The tempering temperature is at most the Ac1 point, and is regulated based on desired dynamic properties. By performing tempering, the yield stress of the seamless steel pipe of the present invention at 350°C can be regulated to at least 600 MPa. The variations in the tempering temperature are preferably ±10°C, and more preferably ±5°C. If the variations in the tempering temperature are small, the desired dynamic properties are achieved easily.
- In the above-described manufacturing method, accelerated cooling is performed (S5) and thereafter quenching is performed (S6). By use of these steps, the refining of crystal grains is promoted. For this reason, the produced seamless steel pipe has excellent toughness. Therefore, although the seamless steel pipe in accordance with this embodiment contains much Mo, a decrease in toughness is restrained and also a decrease in weldability is restrained.
- Furthermore, by quenching and tempering the seamless steel pipe having the above-described chemical composition, the yield stress of the seamless steel pipe at 350 °C can be regulated to at least 600 MPa.
- A plurality of seamless steel pipes for steam injection having various chemical compositions were manufactured, and yield stresses at normal temperature (23°C) to 360°C were examined.
- A plurality of billets having the chemical compositions given in Table 1 were manufactured.
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Table 1 Steel No. Chemical composition (mass%, balance Fe and impurities) C Si Mn P S Cu Cr Ni Mo Ti V Nb Al Ca N Inventive example 1 0.06 0.23 2.20 0.009 0.0014 0.04 0.32 0.03 0.76 0.003 0.005 <0.001 0.042 0.0016 0.0030 Inventive example 2 0.06 0.24 2.13 0.008 0.0010 0.04 0.30 0.39 0.74 <0.001 0.005 <0.001 0.025 0.0021 0.0027 Comparative example 3 0.06 0.33 1.49 0.007 0.0014 0.27 0.27 0.13 0.11 0.009 0.05 0.001 0.035 0.0015 0.0027 - Referring to Table 1, the chemical compositions of billets of steel No. 1 (inventive example) and steel No. 2 (inventive example) were within the range of the chemical composition of the present invention. On the other hand, the chemical composition of steel No. 3 (comparative example) was out of the range of the chemical composition of the present invention. Specifically, the Mn content of steel No. 3 was less than the lower limit to the Mn content of the present invention. Furthermore, the Mo content of steel No. 3 was less than the lower limit to the Mo content of the present invention. The contents of elements of steel No. 3 other than Mn and Mo were within the range of the chemical composition of the present invention. All of the N contents of steel No. 1 to 3 were within the range of 0.002 to 0.015%. Incidentally, the Ti content of steel No. 2 and the Nb contents of steel No. 1 and No. 2 were at the level of impurities.
- Each of the produced billets was heated by the heating furnace. Successively, the billets were piercing-rolled by the piercer to produce hollow shells. Successively, the hollow shells were elongated and rolled by the mandrel mill, and were then sized by the sizer, whereby a plurality of seamless steel pipes were produced. Successively, the seamless steel pipes of steel No. 1 and No. 2 were water cooled (acceleratedly cooled). The finishing temperature of all of the seamless steel pipes was 1100°C, and the water cooling stop temperature was 450°C. On the other hand, for the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3, air cooling was performed after rolling.
- Each of the seamless steel pipes after cooling was quenched. In all of the seamless steel pipes, the quenching temperature was 950 °C and soaking was performed for 40 minutes. After quenching, the seamless steel pipes were tempered. The tempering temperature was 650 °C and soaking was performed for 30 minutes. By use of the above-described steps, seamless steel pipes for steam injection were manufactured.
- From a central portion of the wall thickness of each of the manufactured seamless steel pipes, a plurality of tensile test specimens conforming to ASTM A370 were sampled. And by using the tensile test specimens, the tensile test conforming to ASTM E21 was conducted in the temperature range of room temperature (23°C) to 360°C. More specifically, in each test No., the tensile test was conducted by using two tensile test specimens at the temperatures of 23°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 350°C (only steel No. 3), and 360°C (only steel No. 1 and No. 2). The yield stress and tensile strength were determined on the basis of the test results. In this embodiment, the yield stress was determined by the 0.5% total elongation method.
- Table 2 shows the yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipes of each steel No.
Figure 4 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 1.Figure 5 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 2.Figure 6 shows the relationship between the tensile test temperature and yield stress and tensile strength of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3. The symbol ◆ inFigures 4 to 6 indicates yield stress. The symbol ■ indicates tensile strength. -
Table 2 Steel No. Strength Tensile test temperature (°C) 23 100 200 300 350 360 1 Yield stress (MPa) 720/721 708/696 671/671 653/659 - 625/618 Tensile strength (MPa) 785/786 765/755 749/747 761/757 - 732/732 2 Yield stress (MPa) 748/748 718/717 681/683 667/669 - 639/645 Tensile strength (MPa) 810/810 778/778 758/758 779/777 - 753/761 3 Yield stress (MPa) 630/628 582/594 581/582 580/574 561/557 - Tensile strength (MPa) 698/700 652/664 657/658 666/660 665/657 - - The "yield stress" columns in Table 2 show the yield stress (MPa) of corresponding steel Nos. at each temperature. Two values are shown as the yield stress at each temperature. For example, "720/721" is entered in the yield stress column of steel No. 1 at 23°C. In this case, "720/721" indicates that the tensile stresses obtained from two tensile test specimens were 720 MPa and 721 MPa. Similarly, the "tensile strength" columns in Table 2 show the tensile strength (MPa) of corresponding steel Nos. at each temperature.
- Referring to Table 2 and
Figures 4 to 6 , in all of the temperature ranges, the yield stresses of the seamless steel pipes of steel No. 1 and steel No. 2 were larger than the yield stresses of the seamless steel pipe of steel No. 3. Furthermore, the yield stresses of steel No. 1 and steel No. 2 at 350°C were at least 600 MPa. On the other hand, the yield stresses of steel No. 3 at 350°C were less than 600 MPa. - The above is a description of an embodiment of the present invention, and the above-described embodiment is merely an example for carrying out the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the above-described embodiment can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- A seamless steel pipe for steam injection having a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, Cu: at most 1.5%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%,
the balance being Fe and impurities,
wherein the seamless steel pipe has yield stress of at least 600 MPa at 350°C and has a microstructure obtained by being water cooled after hot working and further by being quenched and tempered. - The seamless steel pipe according to claim 1,
wherein the chemical composition comprises one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: 0.02 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.003 to 0.1%, Ti: 0.003 to 0.1%, Ni: 0.02 to 1.0%, and V: 0.003 to 0.2%. - A method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe for steam injection as defined in claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:heating (S1) a round billet to a temperature of from 1050 to 1300°C, the round billet having a chemical composition comprising, by mass percent, C: 0.03 to 0.08%, Si: 0.05 to 0.5%, Mn: 1.5 to 3.0%, Mo: more than 0.4 to 1.2%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.005%, N: 0.002 to 0.015%, P: at most 0.03%, S: at most 0.01%, Cu: at most 1.5%, and one or more types selected from the group consisting of Cr: at most 1.0%, Nb: at most 0.1%, Ti: at most 0.1%, Ni: at most 1.0%, and V: at most 0.2%,
the balance being Fe and impurities;piercing (S2) the heated round billet to produce a hollow shell;rolling (S3) the hollow shell to produce a seamless steel pipe with a finishing temperature of at least the A3 point;water cooling (S5) the seamless steel pipe after rolling from a temperature of not lower than the A3 point to a temperature of 450°C or lower;quenching (S6) the water cooled seamless steel pipe from a temperature of higher than the Ac3 point and at most 1000°C; andtempering (S7) the quenched seamless steel pipe at a temperature of at most the Ac1 point. - The method for manufacturing a seamless steel pipe for steam injection according to claim 3, further comprising the step of
reheating (S4) the seamless steel pipe produced by rolling in a holding furnace with a heating temperature of from Ar3 point to 1100°C after the rolling step (S3) and before the water cooling step (S5). - Use of the seamless steel pipe according to claim 1 or 2 for a steam injection process, in which high-temperature, high-pressure steam is injected into an underground oil sand layer.
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PCT/JP2011/054882 WO2011114896A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-03 | Seamless steel pipe for steam injection, and method of manufacturing same |
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US (1) | US20130004787A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2548987B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4821939B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102812146B (en) |
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AU (1) | AU2011228345B2 (en) |
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US9163296B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2015-10-20 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Coiled tube with varying mechanical properties for superior performance and methods to produce the same by a continuous heat treatment |
IT1403689B1 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2013-10-31 | Dalmine Spa | HIGH-RESISTANCE STEEL TUBES WITH EXCELLENT LOW TEMPERATURE HARDNESS AND RESISTANCE TO CORROSION UNDER VOLTAGE SENSORS. |
CN102560283A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-11 | 张芝莲 | Big-caliber seamless alloy steel pipe |
CN102553926A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2012-07-11 | 张芝莲 | Method for manufacturing large-caliber seamless alloy steel pipes |
CA2882843C (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2019-04-16 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Seamless steel pipe and method for producing same |
US9803256B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-10-31 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | High performance material for coiled tubing applications and the method of producing the same |
EP2789701A1 (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-15 | DALMINE S.p.A. | High strength medium wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
EP2789700A1 (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-15 | DALMINE S.p.A. | Heavy wall quenched and tempered seamless steel pipes and related method for manufacturing said steel pipes |
US20160067760A1 (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2016-03-10 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Surface layer grain refining hot-shearing method and workpiece obtained by surface layer grain refining hot-shearing |
KR102368928B1 (en) | 2013-06-25 | 2022-03-04 | 테나리스 커넥션즈 비.브이. | High-chromium heat-resistant steel |
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CN103866203B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-08-17 | 扬州龙川钢管有限公司 | A kind of heavy caliber high-strength bridge seamless steel pipe and TMCP production method thereof |
EP3225318A4 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-12-27 | JFE Steel Corporation | Device array for manufacturing seamless steel pipe or tube and manufacturing method for duplex stainless steel seamless pipe or tube using same |
JP6137435B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2017-05-31 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | High strength steel and method for manufacturing the same, steel pipe and method for manufacturing the same |
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JP2017007269A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image formation device |
US11124852B2 (en) | 2016-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | Tenaris Coiled Tubes, Llc | Method and system for manufacturing coiled tubing |
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EP2548987A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
CA2790278A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
CN102812146A (en) | 2012-12-05 |
CA2790278C (en) | 2016-05-17 |
JPWO2011114896A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
JP4821939B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
MX2012010710A (en) | 2012-12-17 |
AU2011228345A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
AU2011228345B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
BR112012021980B8 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
US20130004787A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
BR112012021980A2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
EP2548987A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
WO2011114896A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
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MX360028B (en) | 2018-10-17 |
CN102812146B (en) | 2015-09-16 |
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