EP2546038B1 - Procédé destiné à la réduction de l'émission de composés organiques liquides à partir de matières dérivées du bois - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à la réduction de l'émission de composés organiques liquides à partir de matières dérivées du bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2546038B1
EP2546038B1 EP11005690.0A EP11005690A EP2546038B1 EP 2546038 B1 EP2546038 B1 EP 2546038B1 EP 11005690 A EP11005690 A EP 11005690A EP 2546038 B1 EP2546038 B1 EP 2546038B1
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Prior art keywords
wood
additive
process according
organic compounds
volatile organic
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German (de)
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EP2546038A1 (fr
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Joachim Prof.Dr. Hasch
Julia Dr. Borowka
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Kronotec AG
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Kronotec AG
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Priority to PL11005690T priority Critical patent/PL2546038T3/pl
Priority to EP11005690.0A priority patent/EP2546038B1/fr
Priority to ES11005690.0T priority patent/ES2537642T3/es
Publication of EP2546038A1 publication Critical patent/EP2546038A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/003—Pretreatment of moulding material for reducing formaldehyde gas emission

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a method according to claim 1 for the production of coated wood materials from lignocellulose, in particular chipboard, fiberboard or OSB boards but also plywood and solid wood, these wood materials in the production of reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds but also very volatile organic Compounds, such as unsaturated or saturated aldehydes, with at least one additive is treated. More specifically, these additives are alcohols, which are optionally introduced in combination with catalytically effective amounts of acid. Alternatively or additionally, a treatment with suitable antioxidants can take place.
  • the present application is directed to the use according to claim 11 of alcohols, optionally in combination with catalytically effective amounts of acid and / or antioxidant as additives for reducing the emission of VOC, in particular of unsaturated and saturated aldehydes, in the preparation and the use of lignocellulosic wood materials.
  • the application is directed to obtainable by the process according to the invention wood materials according to claim 14 or by using the additives produced wood materials with reduced emission of volatile organic compounds.
  • volatile organic compounds include all volatile organic compounds, their retention time in the gas chromatograph between C6 (hexane) and C16 (hexadecane).
  • VOCs are not a homogeneous class of substances but a smorgasbord of compounds. These include organic acids, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, terpenes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and many more.
  • VVOC very volatile organic compounds
  • Formaldehyde or formic acid which also occur in the production of wood-based materials.
  • aldehydes as used herein includes saturated and unsaturated aldehydes as falling within the classes of volatile organic compounds or very volatile organic compounds.
  • VOCs and also of WOCs does not occur during the manufacturing process, but also during use by decomposition of wood constituents, as a result of the chemical degradation of the adhesives used.
  • VOC emissions are mainly due to wood-related releases of so-called primary emissions of volatile wood constituents, such as terpenes, or chemical degradation products, such as acetic acid, and so-called secondary or tertiary emissions, e.g. higher aldehydes, such as pentanal or higher carboxylic acids.
  • primary emissions of volatile wood constituents such as terpenes
  • chemical degradation products such as acetic acid
  • secondary or tertiary emissions e.g. higher aldehydes, such as pentanal or higher carboxylic acids.
  • Typical conversion products that occur inter alia during storage and processing of the wood or crushed products include pentanal and hexanal.
  • Particularly critical compounds in the heterogeneous group of VOC and WOC are the saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. These are not only toxic, but also carcinogenic in part. Furthermore, they are classified as critical by the olfactory aspect.
  • the aldehydes are formed, inter alia, in the production of wood-based materials, as shown above, and are released in particular by OSB plates delayed by fragmentation of unsaturated fatty acids and due to the use of aldehyde-containing adhesives.
  • OSB panels in the structural area this is a great disadvantage, since in this application, the OSB panels have no emission-reducing coating and in large quantities, especially as the area of the plate based on the total cubic meters of the room or building is installed.
  • Adhesives such as those currently being used in the manufacture of wood-based materials such as OSB boards, dense fiberboard, etc. include aminoplast adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives, melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives (MUPF adhesives) or melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives (MUF adhesives).
  • UF urea-formaldehyde
  • MUPF adhesives melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives
  • UMF adhesives melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives
  • Suitable adhesives typically used in wood-based materials include diisocyanate-based adhesives (PMDI), polyurethane adhesives, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives, and / or tannin-formaldehyde (TF) adhesives, or mixtures thereof.
  • PMDI diisocyanate-based adhesives
  • PF phenol-formaldehyde
  • TF tannin-formaldehyde
  • the resulting volatile organic compounds and very volatile organic compounds such as aldehydes and acids, then emit during the later manufacturing process or later use of the wood-based materials produced. They can also have a negative influence on the bond strength and thus adversely affect the properties of the produced wood materials.
  • the WO 2010/144969 A1 describes the production of perlite and fiber-based composite plates.
  • the use of various additives has been proposed, including the use of maleic anhydride or similar compounds.
  • the use of reducing or oxidizing agents is also known.
  • an increase in the pH is proposed, for example by addition of alkali metal hydroxides.
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • VVOC highly volatile organic compounds
  • the odor nuisance resulting from these volatile or very volatile organic compounds should also be reduced.
  • an important aspect is that the manufacturing cost of wood-based materials is not significantly increased.
  • the agents used themselves must not be toxic or carcinogenic, but should as far as possible either react with the heterogeneous classes of volatile organic substances or very volatile organic compounds or prevent their formation from constituents of the wood-based materials.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved in that certain additives are added at certain times in the inventive method for producing or processing the wood materials from lignocellulose.
  • These additives are alcohols, optionally in combination with a catalytically effective amount of acid and / or certain antioxidants.
  • the present application is directed to a process for the production of coated wood materials from lignocellulose, in particular chipboard, fiberboard, OSB boards or plywood according to claim 1.
  • the additives used according to the invention prevent degradation of the fatty acids or fatty acid esters.
  • aldehydes optionally formed by conversion reactions are converted to corresponding non-emitting compounds.
  • the compounds obtained by the reaction are such that they are no longer volatile and thus no longer contribute to the VOC and VVOC emissions or aldehyde emissions or the toxicity of the resulting compounds is significantly reduced.
  • the emission is also after production, i. in daily use, significantly reduced.
  • the additives are applied to a carrier material.
  • Such application may be by known means and methods. These methods include application by spraying, impregnation, dipping or painting onto the substrate.
  • the additive may be present on one side or both sides of the carrier material.
  • the additive is preferably present on the side facing the wood-based material.
  • the carrier material may e.g. a cellulose layer, paper or the like. According to the invention, the carrier material can be applied to the wood material prior to pressing the mixture or after pressing. For solid wood as a cervical spine, the carrier material containing the additive is applied to the solid wood accordingly.
  • the carrier material may be transparent or formed with a decor.
  • the support materials may be conventional, so-called overlay products or, for example, 100% cellulose paper, as used in the field of the production of wood-based materials, such as panels.
  • the carrier material may be soaked, sprayed or otherwise impregnated with the additive. This carrier material is then applied before spreading on the conveyor belt and scrape after scattering but before pressing.
  • the support material is applied to the wood material, e.g. rooted or otherwise connected to the wood material. It is preferred that in wood-based panels, such as OSB boards, fiberboard, plywood or chipboard but also solid wood, the support material is applied on both sides of the cervical spine. It is preferred that the additive is present at least on the HWS side facing.
  • the additive is introduced onto the lignocellulose-containing comminuted product before compression and after spreading or laying.
  • the additive is preferably added before compression but after defibering or machining and in particular after drying.
  • the additive may be in the form of an aqueous solution or as a powder mixture directly after the pressing operation, e.g. be applied by spraying by means of nozzles on one or both sides of the produced wood material.
  • an entry can be made by rolling.
  • the additive can be dosed as a solution or as a powder to the lignocellulose-containing comminution products or the mixture of lignocellulose-containing comminution products and adhesive.
  • a metered addition can also take place before the dryer but after defibering or cutting.
  • the time of metering depends on the form of the additive, for example as an aqueous solution or as a powder.
  • the additive may be incorporated only in portions of the board.
  • the additive is preferably introduced at least into the regions of the wood-based panel that form the covering layer, such as an OSB board.
  • the additive can be applied both partially before compression and after compression with a carrier material.
  • the wood-based materials are those made of wood chips, wood strands or wood fibers as lignocellulose-containing crushed products.
  • the wood material is an OSB board.
  • the wood-based materials may be further coated with known layers, such as a lacquer layer, decorative layer or wearing layer.
  • the additives may also or only be present in these layers. That is, the carrier material may be formed as a decorative layer, lacquer layer, wear layer or according to sub-layers.
  • the cervical spine is solid wood and the additives are applied to the cervical spine by known methods.
  • the additives to be used according to the invention are alcohols, in particular polyhydric alcohols. It is particularly preferred that these alcohols be added together with a catalytically effective amount of acid to allow for acid-catalyzed reaction of the alcohols. The alcohols may then be e.g. react with resulting aldehydes to form acetals.
  • Fats and oils are esters of polyhydric alcohols, usually glycerol, with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the oxidative degradation of these fats and fatty acids in the pressing process at high temperatures arise z.
  • Another reaction pathway in addition to the acetal formation is the esterification with fatty acids from the wood. This is also usually acid-catalyzed. The fatty acids are esterified, thus counteracting a degradation of the fatty acids to VOC and WOC.
  • Preferred alcohols are polyhydric alcohols, in particular glycerol or alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, etc.
  • an antioxidant can be used.
  • Antioxidants allow trapping of radicals that z. B. at high temperatures or light. At high temperatures or light z.
  • hydroxyl radicals that have the ability to rapidly oxidize other substances. This easily forms VOCs and VVOCs from the natural components in the wood.
  • the antioxidants especially the antioxidants selected from ascorbic acid, vitamin E or butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), have the ability to trap such radicals and thus prevent the formation of VOCs or VVOCs from the constituents of the wood. According to the invention, these antioxidants are incorporated or applied in or on the carrier material.
  • the additives are added in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight of solid solid in terms of dry wood.
  • the lignocelluloses such as the wood-based materials or the comminuted products thereof, may be both conifers and hardwoods. Even mixtures of these two types of wood are possible.
  • the wood chips, strands or wood fibers come from conifers.
  • the wood materials which can be produced by the production method according to the invention are produced according to claim 14.
  • the process can be supplemented by other processes known to the person skilled in the art for reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds or very volatile organic compounds, such as aldehydes.
  • the wood-based materials may preferably be chipboard wood made of wood chips, OSB strands of wood strands, plywood boards of wood veneer and wood fiber boards, in particular MDF boards, of wood fibers.
  • wood-based materials also includes plywood and, in particular, solid wood.
  • the wood materials OSB boards and lightweight and super light MDF boards.
  • Lignocelluloses are understood to mean lignocellulose-containing materials, such as wood.
  • the resulting comminution products of lignocellulose include, in particular, wood strands, wood chips, wood fibers as well as wood veneers.
  • the adhesives used in the process according to the invention comprise, as adhesives, phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, isocyanate-based adhesive, urea-formaldehyde adhesive, melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive, melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, tannin-formaldehyde adhesive or a mixture thereof.
  • the present application is directed to the use of a composition containing an alcohol as defined herein optionally in combination with catalytically effective amounts of an acid and / or an antioxidant as defined herein for reducing the emission of VOC and VVOC, respectively , in particular saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, in the production and use of wood materials of lignocellulose.
  • This use is characterized in that the additive during the manufacturing process of the wood material is registered or applied. The additive is applied or applied, as stated above, with the aid of a carrier material.
  • the use is particularly advantageous for adhesives selected from phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, isocyanate-based adhesive, urea-formaldehyde adhesive, melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive, melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive, tannin-formaldehyde adhesive or a mixture thereof is used.
  • the additives are particularly suitable for use at least in the top layer of OSB boards or wood fiber boards.
  • the use of the additives preferably takes place in an amount of from 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight of solids, based on atro-wood.
  • wood materials obtainable by the process according to the invention.
  • wood-based materials are, in particular, fibreboards, in particular lightweight and superlight MDF boards or OSB boards, but also solid wood.
  • the additives used according to the invention are particularly advantageous in terms of a longer-term effect for suppressing the emissions of VOC or VVOC, since the additives present in the carrier material or in the outer layer also avoid the formation and emission of VOC or VVOC in the longer term.
  • a reference plate and two plates were made using glued strands from current production (12% MUPF as adhesive) using the additive glycerin and ascorbic acid. These plates were then pressed into a format of 10mm x 300mm x 300mm and a bulk density of 530kg / m 3 . Parameters for pressing are shown below Table to find. Before pressing, the glued strands were mixed with the respective additive. Furthermore, a part of the additive was sprayed on the surface of the plate after pressing. Sample A contains the additive glycerol in a dosage of 5 wt .-%. Addition of Additive A further added a few drops of hydrochloric acid for catalysis. Sample B contains the additive ascorbic acid in an amount of 1% by weight on atro wood. Table 1 Press diagram pressing stage Pressure [N / mm 2 ] Time T [° C] 1 2 60 200 2 1 60 200 3 0.2 10 200
  • Samples were prepared from the above-obtained OSB plates measuring 210 ⁇ 210 ⁇ thickness mm 3 . From the edge of these samples a 7mm wide strip was taken. This was then separated into two samples with a length of 95mm. One sample each was placed with the top side and the other with bottom side oriented towards the air flow in the topo-extractor. The results are expressed as the mean of these two measurements.
  • thermo-extraction method For a qualitative and comparative study of the emission potential of structurally similar materials, the thermo-extraction method is suitable.
  • thermo-extractor TE1, Gerstel, Mülheim ad Ruhr, Germany. It is a glass tube with a relatively small volume of about 25.9 cm 3 , which is located in the thermo-extractor. Throughout the system, a continuous nitrogen flow (100ml / min-1) is passed, which - as in the conventional test chamber tests - is passed over an adsorbent at regular times. According to DIN ISO 16000-6: 2004, these were analyzed in a GC-MS with thermosorption and cold trap. The whole system was operated at room temperature (23 ° C). Described was the method of Scherer et al. (Dangerous substances - clean air, 2006, 66 (3), 87-93 ).
  • thermo-extraction In order to achieve always the same and thus reproducible conditions, a steel sample holder was used which leaves a potentially emitting sample surface of about 7.1 cm 2 .
  • Thermo-extractor sample holder and the sample dimensions are shown.
  • the conditions for the thermo-extraction are summarized in Table 2. 11 air volumes were sampled 10 minutes after the samples were placed in the thermo-extractor. The results are expressed as the substance quantity in relation to the air sampling volume ( ⁇ g m -3 ).
  • Table 2 Conditions for thermo-extraction parameter property Temperature in ° C RT Mass flow in ml min -1 100 Room volume in m 3 0.00002586 Air change rate in h -1 232.0 Sample surface in m 2 0.00075 Room load in m 2 m -3 29.1 Area-specific ventilation rate in m 3 - 2 h -1 8.0 carrier gas nitrogen
  • Table 3 Results ⁇ g / m 3 Sample 0 Sample A Sample B aldehydes 681 153 42 Saturated aldehydes 651 140 31 Unsaturated aldehydes 18 3 1 hexanal 577 124 26 2-heptenal 12 3 1 2-octenal 6 0 0

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de matériaux à base de bois revêtus à base de lignocellulose, notamment de panneaux de particules, de panneaux de fibres ou de panneaux OSB, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) la mise en contact de produits de broyage contenant de la lignocellulose avec des adhésifs ;
    b) la compression du mélange de a) sous traitement thermique, au moins un additif choisi parmi les alcools, éventuellement en combinaison avec une quantité catalytiquement efficace d'un acide et/ou d'un antioxydant en tant qu'additif étant également incorporé entre la mise en contact selon l'étape a) et la compression selon l'étape b) et/ou après la compression selon l'étape b), afin de réduire l'émission de composés organiques volatils ou de composés organiques très volatils, notamment d'aldéhydes insaturés ou saturés, caractérisé en ce que les additifs se présentent sur un matériau support et ce matériau support comprenant les additifs est appliqué sur les produits de broyage contenant de la lignocellulose ou sur le matériau à base de bois comprimé entre l'étape a) et l'étape b) et/ou après l'étape b).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'additif est un alcool polyvalent, notamment la glycérine, l'éthylène glycol ou le propane diol.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel un acide est également introduit pour la réaction sous catalyse acide des alcools avec des aldéhydes ou des acides gras.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'antioxydant est l'acide ascorbique, la vitamine E ou le butylhydroxytoluène.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le support est un matériau cellulosique, tel que du papier, qui est revêtu ou imprégné d'un côté ou des deux côtés avec l'additif.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau support est enduit sur le produit de broyage contenant de la lignocellulose avant la compression et après l'étalement ou le dépôt et/ou après la compression sur le matériau à base de bois comprimé.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'additif est appliqué après l'étape b) d'un côté ou des deux côtés sur le matériau à base de bois comprimé et/ou incorporé dans les produits de broyage contenant de la lignocellulose, formant au moins la couche supérieure.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'additif est ajouté aux produits de broyage avant la compression mais après la mise en fibres ou la mise en copeaux.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les matériaux à base de bois sont des matériaux fabriqués à partir de particules de bois, de copeaux longs de bois ou de fibres de bois en tant que produits de broyage contenant de la lignocellulose.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la quantité d'additif ajouté est comprise entre 0,5 et 5 % en poids de solides par rapport au bois anhydre.
  11. Utilisation d'un additif contenant un alcool éventuellement en combinaison avec des quantités catalytiquement efficaces d'un acide et/ou d'un antioxydant pour réduire l'émission de composés organiques volatils ou de composés organiques très volatils, notamment d'aldéhydes saturés et insaturés, lors de la fabrication et de l'utilisation de matériaux à base de bois à base de lignocellulose, caractérisée en ce que l'additif peut être incorporé ou appliqué pendant le procédé de fabrication du matériau à base de bois à l'aide d'un matériau support comprenant l'additif.
  12. Utilisation selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que l'additif est utilisé au moins dans la couche supérieure de panneaux OSB ou de panneaux de fibres de bois.
  13. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que l'additif est ajouté en une quantité de 0,5 % en poids à 5 % en poids de solides par rapport au bois anhydre.
  14. Matériau à base de bois pouvant être obtenu par un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10.
  15. Matériau à base de bois selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le matériau à base de bois correspond à des panneaux de fibres, notamment des panneaux MDF légers ou super légers, ou à des panneaux OSB.
EP11005690.0A 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Procédé destiné à la réduction de l'émission de composés organiques liquides à partir de matières dérivées du bois Active EP2546038B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11005690T PL2546038T3 (pl) 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Sposób zmniejszania emisji lotnych związków organicznych z materiałów drewnopodobnych
EP11005690.0A EP2546038B1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Procédé destiné à la réduction de l'émission de composés organiques liquides à partir de matières dérivées du bois
ES11005690.0T ES2537642T3 (es) 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Procedimiento para reducir la emisión de compuestos orgánicos volátiles de derivados de la madera

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11005690.0A EP2546038B1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Procédé destiné à la réduction de l'émission de composés organiques liquides à partir de matières dérivées du bois

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EP2546038A1 EP2546038A1 (fr) 2013-01-16
EP2546038B1 true EP2546038B1 (fr) 2015-04-01

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ES (1) ES2537642T3 (fr)
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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1619244A1 (de) * 1966-05-27 1971-02-11 Goldschmidt Ag Th Barriere- oder Grundierfilm
US5160503A (en) * 1989-11-13 1992-11-03 West Point Pepperell Water-soluble blends of active methylene compounds and polyhydric alcohols as formaldehyde scavengers
EP1793972A1 (fr) * 2004-09-21 2007-06-13 Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH Bois ou materiau en bois et procede de fabrication associe
DK1877232T3 (da) * 2005-05-02 2014-08-11 Basf Se Fremgangsmåde til behandling af træoverflader
DE102006020612B4 (de) * 2006-05-02 2019-03-14 SWISS KRONO Tec AG Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen mit verringerter Emission an flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen, damit erhältliche Holzwerkstoffe sowie die Verwendung bestimmter Additive zur Verminderung der Freisetzung von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen aus Holzwerkstoffen und Holzzerkleinerungsprodukten von Lignocellulosen
EP2181818A3 (fr) * 2008-10-28 2012-08-22 IHD Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH Procédé de fabrication de matières premières en fibres de bois et matières premières en fibres de bois ayant des émissions réduites en VOC volatiles
WO2010144969A1 (fr) * 2009-06-19 2010-12-23 Eze Board Australia Pty Ltd Production de perlite et carton pour panneaux composite à base de fibres

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ES2537642T3 (es) 2015-06-10
PL2546038T3 (pl) 2015-08-31

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