EP2539938A1 - Waferäquivalent, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verwendung - Google Patents
Waferäquivalent, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2539938A1 EP2539938A1 EP11706749A EP11706749A EP2539938A1 EP 2539938 A1 EP2539938 A1 EP 2539938A1 EP 11706749 A EP11706749 A EP 11706749A EP 11706749 A EP11706749 A EP 11706749A EP 2539938 A1 EP2539938 A1 EP 2539938A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor layer
- layer
- substrate
- doped semiconductor
- deposited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3404—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being Group IVA materials
- H10P14/3411—Silicon, silicon germanium or germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/131—Recrystallisation; Crystallization of amorphous or microcrystalline semiconductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/14—Shape of semiconductor bodies; Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of semiconductor regions within semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/147—Shapes of bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
- H10F77/1692—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates the films including only Group IV materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
- H10P14/2901—Materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/29—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by the substrates
- H10P14/2924—Structures
- H10P14/2925—Surface structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/32—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3438—Doping during depositing
- H10P14/3441—Conductivity type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/38—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by treatments done after the formation of the materials
- H10P14/3802—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a wafer equivalent in which semiconductor layers doped onto a perforated substrate are applied and subsequently crystallized.
- the present invention likewise relates to a wafer equivalent prepared by the above process and to its uses.
- a method for the manufacture of a wafer ⁇ lung equivalent comprising the steps of: a) applying at least a first n- or
- P-type semiconductor layer on at least parts or the entirety of at least one side of a sheet-like perforated substrate whose perforation consists of a plurality, from one to the other surface side of the substrate through holes, and subsequently b) recrystallization of the applied in step a) layer wherein the holes of the perforated substrate during the production are closed.
- a wafer equivalent is understood to mean a component which comprises a substrate which has at least one semiconductor layer which is n- or p-doped.
- the n- or p-doped semiconductor layer is applied to at least one surface of the substrate.
- the substrate is perforated, i. has through holes or channels formed continuously from one surface of the substrate to the other surface of the substrate.
- the substrate serves as a structural support element for the at least one applied semiconductor layer and thus primarily the structural integrity of the wafer equivalent.
- the idea of the invention is to realize a thin crystalline semiconductor layer sequence on a substrate which does not have to consist of silicon.
- This layer sequence primarily represents, for example, the absorber and thus the "active" part of the solar cell.
- the first layer is produced, for example, by deposition by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and subsequent recrystallization by zone melt recrystallization (ZMR) is perforated throughout and thus enables a direct electrical contact to the crystalline silicon layer from both sides.
- the recrystallized layer is also thickened in further steps, for example by means of CVD.
- the recrystallization step preferably takes place by zone melt crystallization. It is advantageous as well when the upper ⁇ surface of the substrate at least partially or entirely covered, prior to step a) with at least one encapsulation layer and the first n-type or p-type semiconductor layer on the at least one Verkapse ⁇ lung layer is deposited subsequently.
- step b) at least one further doped semiconductor layer is deposited on parts or the entirety of the first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer, which has the same doping as the first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer, however with a lower doping concentration.
- the further applied semiconductor layer can either be recrystallized together with the first applied n- or p-doped semiconductor layer in step b), but it is also possible to apply only the first applied n- or p-doped semiconductor layer rekristalli ⁇ Sieren.
- the second semiconductor layer may, depending on the application method, be at least partially or completely amorphous.
- an additional doped semiconductor layer on the aforementioned second semiconductor layer.
- the deposition can take place on parts or the entirety of the aforementioned further, second semiconductor layer.
- This additional semiconductor layer preferably has the opposite doping as the first and further semiconductor layers, i. in the event that the first semiconductor layer is n-doped (for this
- the second semiconductor layer is also n-doped, but with a lower doping concentration)
- the additional semiconductor layer then has a p-doping and vice versa.
- the holes of the perforated substrate be sealed with the materials of the previously deposited layers before the deposition of the additional semiconductor layer with the opposite doping.
- metal contacts are applied to the two flat sides on the final layers in a final process step.
- the contacting can take place in such a way that the entire area of the respective semiconductor layer lying on the outer surface (ie, the first, the second or the additional semiconductor layer) is provided over the whole area with the metal contact, however, a structured application of the metal contacting, for example in FIG Shape of thin conductor structures etc. possible. Also, there is the possibility that one side of the entire surface is provided with egg ⁇ ner metal contact, while on the opposite side of this full-surface con- clocking of conductor structures, for example in the form of metal fingers or the like are applied.
- the holes present in the substrate are sealed during the deposition of the at least one applied semiconductor layer or, if appropriate, the encapsulation layer and / or the second semiconductor layer, of the materials of which these layers consist. This can be done so that the holes of the perforated substrate preceded in the process step a) and / or in step a)
- Step of separating the at least one capping Selective layer and / or closed during the deposition of the further semiconductor layer by the deposited materials It is conceivable, for example, that the holes are completely filled by the materials of the first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer. However, it is also possible first to apply to the surface of the substrate and thus also to the surface of the holes, first an encapsulation layer, but the holes are not completely filled and thus not completely closed. In the further method step, in which the first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer is subsequently deposited on the substrate, the holes can then be filled by these materials.
- the holes can, for example, only be completely closed by the materials of the second semiconductor layer.
- the at least one first semiconductor layer, the at least one encapsulation layer, the at least one further semiconductor layer and / or the at least one additional semiconductor layer are preferably deposited by chemical and / or physical vapor deposition.
- Preferred materials are selected from the group consisting of ZrSi0 4 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 0 3 , Si and / or graphite.
- the at least one first semiconductor layer, the at least one further semiconductor layer and / or the at least one additional semiconductor layer consists of n- or p-doped silicon and / or
- Preferred materials for this purpose are selected from the group consisting of inorganic, Silicum-containing Compounds, in particular SiC, SiO x and / or SiN x .
- Measuring methods which can be used to determine the material parameters mentioned under a) and c) are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, a determination by means of thermal dilatometer for the quantification of the thermal expansion coefficients, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) for the examination of the diffusion barrier suitability, layer production and temperature treatment and subsequent characterization by means of light microscopes, raster electron microscopes or transmission electron microscopes.
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectroscopy
- Preferred dimensions or dimensions of the components making up the wafer equivalent lie in the following preferred ranges: a) the thickness of the substrate is between 10 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferably between 100 and 1000 ⁇ m,
- the at least one encapsulation layer has a layer thickness between 10 nm and 100 m, preferably between 100 nm and 20 ⁇ ⁇ ,
- the at least one first semiconductor layer has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 100 ⁇ , preferably between 1 and 50 ⁇ ,
- the at least one further semiconductor layer has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 and 50 ⁇ m,
- the at least one first semiconductor layer has a layer thickness between 10 nm and 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 5 ⁇ m, and / or
- the contacts have a layer thickness between 10 nm and 1000 ⁇ , preferably between 0.1 and 100 ⁇ .
- the wafer equivalent comprises a flat perforated substrate whose perforation consists of a multiplicity of holes extending from one surface to the other of the substrate, and at least one first n-doped or p-doped semiconductor layer which is deposited on at least parts of or the total at least one side of a flat perforated substrate is applied, wherein the at least one first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer is recrystallized and the holes of the substrate are sealed by deposited material.
- Preferred embodiments of the wafer equivalent provide that an encapsulation layer is arranged between the substrate and the at least one first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer and / or at least one further doped semiconductor layer is deposited on the at least one first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer has the same doping as the first n- or p-doped semiconductor layer, but with a lower
- Doping concentration and / or on the at least one further semiconductor layer at least one additional doped semiconductor layer is deposited, which has the opposite doping as the first and the further semiconductor layer, wherein the holes of the perforated substrate are sealed prior to the deposition of the additional doped semiconductor layer.
- Preferred uses of the wafer equivalent are in particular in photovoltaics, for example a use as a solar cell, as a sensor and / or as a light-emitting diode. The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following production example with reference to the attached figure, without, however, restricting the invention to the special parameters mentioned there. Preparation Examples
- a starting substrate 1 for example, an electrically insulating or a contaminated substrate with a thickness of 100 to 1000 pm, the continuous
- encapsulation layer 2 is deposited in such a way that it envelops the complete surface of the substrate 1, ie the entire surface of the substrate 1 is covered with the encapsulation layer 2.
- the encapsulation layer 2 is also deposited on the surface of the holes 3.
- the encapsulation layer is deposited in a thickness of about 100 nm to 20 pm (if the hole diameter is large enough).
- the encapsulated substrate 1 is covered with a silicon layer 4 in a further CVD step.
- the silicon layer has a thickness of about 1 to 50 pm and is highly n- or p-doped.
- the deposited silicon layer 4 is recrystallized by means of a zone melting process.
- the recrystallized layer 4 is thickened by means of CVD method, in which case a further silicon layer 5, which has the same doping (ie the same polarity of the doping) as the first layer 4, is deposited, however Doping concentration of this layer lower than that of the first deposited silicon layer 4.
- the thickness of the further deposited silicon layer 5 be ⁇ contributes to 1 to 50 m.
- the holes 3 are thereby, if not already done during the deposition of the first silicon layer 4 (or during the recrystallization step), sealed.
- a further semiconductor layer 6, which has the opposite polarity of the doping of the first two deposited semiconductor layers 4 and 5, is applied to the second deposited semiconductor layer 5. This deposition can be done again by CVD methods.
- Layer thicknesses are in this case 100 nm to 5 ⁇ .
- metal contacts 7 and 8 are applied to the respective semiconductor layers lying on the front and back of the substrate, for example by means of electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, aerosol printing, screen printing or pad printing and then thermally treated (200 ° C to 1000 ° C).
- the metal contacts can be applied, for example, on the front side as locally structured contacts 7, while the rear side can be provided with a flat contact 8.
- the contacts have preferred layer thicknesses of 100 nm to 100 pm.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010009454A DE102010009454A1 (de) | 2010-02-26 | 2010-02-26 | Waferäquivalent, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie Verwendung |
| PCT/EP2011/000826 WO2011103994A1 (de) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-21 | Waferäquivalent, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2539938A1 true EP2539938A1 (de) | 2013-01-02 |
Family
ID=43902689
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11706749A Withdrawn EP2539938A1 (de) | 2010-02-26 | 2011-02-21 | Waferäquivalent, verfahren zu dessen herstellung sowie verwendung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2539938A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010009454A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011103994A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2402779T3 (es) * | 2007-12-14 | 2013-05-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Célula solar de película delgada y procedimiento para su fabricación |
| US7858427B2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-12-28 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Crystalline silicon solar cells on low purity substrate |
-
2010
- 2010-02-26 DE DE102010009454A patent/DE102010009454A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-21 EP EP11706749A patent/EP2539938A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-21 WO PCT/EP2011/000826 patent/WO2011103994A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011103994A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011103994A1 (de) | 2011-09-01 |
| WO2011103994A8 (de) | 2011-11-10 |
| DE102010009454A1 (de) | 2011-09-01 |
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Legal Events
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| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ALBERT-LUDWIGS-UNIVERSITAET FREIBURG Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWAN |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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