EP2534303A2 - Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc - Google Patents

Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Info

Publication number
EP2534303A2
EP2534303A2 EP11742846A EP11742846A EP2534303A2 EP 2534303 A2 EP2534303 A2 EP 2534303A2 EP 11742846 A EP11742846 A EP 11742846A EP 11742846 A EP11742846 A EP 11742846A EP 2534303 A2 EP2534303 A2 EP 2534303A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stage
panel
projections
impact absorption
flange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11742846A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2534303B1 (fr
EP2534303A4 (fr
Inventor
Steven Lee Sawyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BROCK INTERNATIONAL
Original Assignee
BROCK INTERNATIONAL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/830,902 external-priority patent/US8662787B2/en
Application filed by BROCK INTERNATIONAL filed Critical BROCK INTERNATIONAL
Priority to EP16198526.2A priority Critical patent/EP3153626A1/fr
Publication of EP2534303A2 publication Critical patent/EP2534303A2/fr
Publication of EP2534303A4 publication Critical patent/EP2534303A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2534303B1 publication Critical patent/EP2534303B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/182—Underlayers coated with adhesive or mortar to receive the flooring
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
    • E04F15/185—Underlayers in the form of studded or ribbed plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/10—Paving elements having build-in shock absorbing devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to impact absorbing underlayment panels.
  • this invention relates to underlayment panels having deformable elements that compress in a plurality of stages such that a load absorbing gradient is provided in response to an applied force.
  • This invention relates to an impact absorption panel having a top side and a bottom side.
  • the top side includes a plurality of drainage channels that are in fluid communication with a plurality of drain holes.
  • the plurality of drain holes connect the top side drainage channels with a plurality of bottom side channels.
  • the bottom side channels are defined by sides of adjacent projections that are disposed across the bottom side.
  • This invention also relates to an impact absorption panel having a top side and a bottom side where the bottom side has a plurality of projections disposed across at least a portion of the bottom surface.
  • the projections have a first spring rate characteristic and a second spring rate characteristic.
  • the first spring rate characteristic provides for more deflection under load than the second spring rate characteristic.
  • an impact absorption panel comprises a top surface and a bottom surface.
  • the top surface has a three dimensional textured surface and a plurality of intersecting drainage channels.
  • the bottom surface is spaced apart from the top surface and defines a panel section therebetween.
  • a plurality of projections is disposed across at least a portion of the bottom surface.
  • the projections have a first stage that defines a first spring rate characteristic and a second stage defining a second spring rate characteristic.
  • the first spring rate characteristic provides for more deflection under load than the second spring rate characteristic.
  • the plurality of projections also cooperate during deflection under load such that the adjacent projections provide a load absorption gradient over a larger area than the area directly loaded.
  • the first stage has a smaller volume of material than the second stage.
  • the adjacent projections define a bottom surface channel to form a plurality of intersecting bottom surface channels and a plurality of drain holes connect the top surface drainage channels with the plurality of bottom surface channels at the drainage channel intersections.
  • an impact absorption panel in another embodiment, includes a top surface and a bottom surface that define a panel section.
  • a plurality of projections are supported from the bottom surface, where the projections include a first stage having a first spring rate and a second stage having a second spring rate.
  • the first stage is configured to collapse initially when subjected to an impact load
  • the second stage is configured to provide greater resistance to the impact load than the first stage
  • the panel section is configured to provide greater resistance to the impact load than the first and second stages.
  • the first stage is also configured to compress and
  • a portion of the bottom surface is generally coplanar with the truncated ends of adjacent projections such that the coplanar bottom surface portion is configured to provide a substantial resistance to deflection under load compared with the first and second stages.
  • This coplanar configuration of the bottom surface provides a structural panel section having a thickness that is generally equal to the thickness of the panel section plus the length of the projections.
  • an impact absorption panel system comprises a first panel and at least a second panel.
  • the first panel has a top surface, a bottom surface, a first edge having a flange that is offset from the top surface and a second edge having a flange that is offset from the bottom surface.
  • a plurality of projections are disposed across the bottom surface. The projections have a first spring rate characteristic and a second spring rate characteristic.
  • the second panel has a top surface, a bottom surface, a first edge having a flange that is offset from the top surface and a second edge having a flange that is offset from the bottom surface.
  • a plurality of projections are disposed across the bottom surface of the second panel and have a first spring rate characteristic and a second spring rate characteristic.
  • One of the second panel first edge flange and the second edge flange engages one of first panel second edge flange and the first panel first edge flange to form a generally continuously flat top surface across both panels.
  • the impact absorption panel is a playground base layer panel.
  • FIG. 1 A is an elevational view of a top side of an embodiment of an impact absorption panel suitable as a playground base;
  • Fig. IB is an enlarged elevational top view of an edge of the impact absorption panel of Fig. 1 A;
  • Fig. 1C is an enlarged elevational top view of a corner of the impact absorption panel of Fig. 1 A;
  • FIG. 2 A is an elevational view of a bottom side of an embodiment of an impact absorption panel
  • Fig. 2B is an enlarged elevational bottom view of a corner of the impact absorption panel of Fig. 2A;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a panel interlocking feature of an impact absorption panel
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a panel interlocking feature configured to mate with the panel locking feature of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is an elevational view, in cross section, of the assembled panel interlocking features of Figs. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged elevational view of an embodiment of a shock absorbing projection of an impact absorption panel
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the bottom side of the impact absorption panel of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8A is an enlarged elevational view of an embodiment of a deformed projection reacting to an impact load.
  • Fig. 8B is an enlarged elevational view of another embodiment of a deformed projection reacting to an impact load.
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged elevational view of another embodiment of a deformed projection reacting to an impact load.
  • a load supporting panel having an impact absorbing structure configured to underlie a playground area.
  • the various embodiments of the impact absorbing panel described herein may also be used in indoor and outdoor impact environments other than playgrounds and with other types of equipment such as, for example, wrestling mats, gymnastic floor pads, carpeting, paving elements, loose infill material, and other covering materials.
  • the panel is described as a single panel and is also configured to cooperate with other similar panels to form a base or impact absorbing panel system that is structured as an assemblage of panels.
  • the panel shown generally at 10, has a top surface 12 that is illustrated having a grid of drainage channels 14.
  • the drainage channels may be provided in a non-intersecting orientation, such as generally parallel drainage channels.
  • a drain hole 16 is formed through the panel 10 at the intersection points of the drainage channels 14.
  • the drain holes 16 may extend through all or only a portion of the intersecting drainage channels 14 as may be needed to provide for adequate water dispersion.
  • the grid of drainage channels 14 may be any shape, such as, for example, rectangular, triangular, and hexagon.
  • a first edge flange 18 extends along one side of the panel 10 and is offset from the top surface 12 of the panel 10.
  • a second edge flange 20 extends along an adjacent side of the panel 10 and is also offset from the top surface 12.
  • a third edge flange 22 and a fourth edge flange 24 are illustrated as being oriented across from the flanges 18 and 20, respectively.
  • the third and fourth flanges 22 and 24 extend from the top surface 12 and are offset from a bottom surface 26 of the base 12, as shown in Fig. 2 A.
  • the first and second flanges 18 and 20 are configured to mate with corresponding flanges, similar to third and fourth flanges 22 and 24 that are part of another cooperating panel.
  • the third and fourth flanges 22 and 24 are configured to overlap flanges similar to first and second flanges 18 and 20 to produce a generally continuous surface of top surfaces 12 of adjoining panels 10.
  • a panel section 27, as shown in Fig. 5, is defined by the thickness of the panel between the top surface 12 and the bottom surface 26.
  • the panel 10 may be configured without the first through fourth flanges 18, 20, 22, and 24. In such a configuration, the resulting edges of the panel 10 may be generally flat and straight edges. In another
  • the generally straight edge may include projections (not shown) to create a gap between adjoining panels, as will be explained below.
  • the edges may be formed with an interlocking geometric shape similar to a jigsaw puzzle.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B there is illustrated the bottom surface 26 of the panel 10.
  • the illustrated bottom surface 26 includes a plurality of projecting shock absorbing structures 28 disposed across the bottom surface 26. Only some of the projections 28 are shown on the bottom surface 26 so that the drain holes 16 may be clearly visible. Thus, in one embodiment, the projections 28 extend across the entire bottom surface 26. In another embodiment, the projections 28 may be arranged in a pattern where portions of the bottom surface have no projections 28.
  • the portion having no projections 28 may have the same overall dimension as the thickness of the panel 10 including the projections 28.
  • Such a section may be configured to support a structure, such as a table and chairs.
  • This portion of the bottom surface 26 is configured to provide a structural support surface having a substantial resistance to deflection under load compared with the first and second stages 40 and 42.
  • the flange 24 is shown to include a locking aperture 30 as part of an interlocking connection to secure adjacent panels 10 together.
  • a flange 20' of an adjacent panel 10' includes a locking projection 32.
  • the locking projection 32 is disposed within the locking aperture 30.
  • the diameter of the locking projection is shown as "P”, which is smaller than the diameter of the locking aperture, "A". This size difference permits slight relative movement between adjoining panels 10 and 10' to allow, for example, 1) panel shifting during installation, 2) thermal expansion and contraction, and 3)
  • flange 18 does not include a locking projection or aperture 30, 32. However, in some embodiments all flanges 18, 20, 22, and 24 may include locking apertures and/or projections. In other embodiments, none of the flanges may have locking apertures and projections.
  • flanges include a standout spacer 34, such as are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 as part of flanges 20, and 20' .
  • the standout spacer 34 is positioned along portions of the transition between the flange 20' and at least one of the top surface 12 and the bottom surface 26.
  • the standout spacer 34 establishes a gap 36 between adjacent panels to permit water to flow from the top surface 12 and exit the panel 10.
  • the standout spacer 34 and the resulting gap also permit thermal expansion and contraction between adjacent panels while maintaining a consistent top surface plane.
  • any or all flanges may include standout spacers 34 disposed along the adjoining edges of panels 10 and 10', if desired.
  • the flanges may have standout spacers 34 positioned at transition areas along the offset between any of the flanges and the top or bottom surfaces 12 and 26.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 there is illustrated an enlarged view of the projections 28, configured as shock absorbing projections.
  • the sides of adjacent projections 28 define a bottom channel 38.
  • the bottom channels 38 are connected to the top drainage channels 14 by the drain holes 16.
  • the bottom channels 38 permit water to flow from the top surface 12 through the drain holes 16 and into the ground or other substrate below the panel 10.
  • the bottom channels 38 may also store water, such as at least 25mm of water, for a controlled release into the supporting substrate below. This slower water release prevents erosion and potential sink holes and depressions from an over-saturated support substrate.
  • the channels 38 also provide room for the projections to deflect and absorb impact energy, as will be explained below. Additionally, the bottom channels 38 also provide an insulating effect from the trapped air to inhibit or minimize frost penetration under certain ambient conditions.
  • the shock absorbing projections 28 are illustrated as having trapezoidal sides and generally square cross sections. However, any geometric cross sectional shape may be used, such as round, oval, triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal.
  • the sides may be tapered in any manner, such as a frusto-conical shape, and to any degree suitable to provide a proper resilient characteristic for impact absorption.
  • the projections 28 are shown having two absorption stages or zones 40 and 42.
  • a first stage 40 includes a truncated surface 44 that is configured to support the panel 10 on the substrate or ground. The end of the first stage 40 may
  • the end of the first stage 40 may be pointed in order to be partially embedded in the substrate layer.
  • a second stage or zone 42 is disposed between the bottom side 26 and the first stage 40.
  • the second stage 42 is larger in cross section and volume than the first stage 40.
  • the second stage 42 has a stiffer spring rate and response characteristic than that of the first stage 40. This is due to the larger area over which the applied load is spread.
  • the first stage 40 may be formed with an internal void, a dispersed porosity, or a reduced density (not shown) to provide a softer spring rate characteristic.
  • the first stage 40 may be formed from a different material having a different spring rate characteristic by virtue of the different material properties.
  • the first stage 40 may be bonded, integrally molded, or otherwise attached to the second stage 42.
  • the first and second stages 40 and 42 are illustrated as two distinct zones where the first stage 40 is located on a larger area side of the second stage 42, such is not required.
  • the first and second stages 40 and 42 may be two zones having constant or smooth wall sides where the two zones are defined by a volume difference that establishes the differing spring rates.
  • the projections 28 may have a general spring rate gradient over the entire projection length between the truncated end 44 and the bottom surface 26.
  • a load "f ' is applied onto the top surface 12 representing a lightly applied impact load.
  • the first stage 40 is compressed by an amount LI under the load f and deflects outwardly into the channel 38, as shown by a deflected first stage schematic 40' .
  • the second stage 42 may deflect somewhat under the load f but such a deflection would be substantially less than the first stage deflection 40'.
  • a larger impact load "F" is applied to the top surface 12.
  • the first and second stages 40 and 42 are compressed by an amount L2 under the load F, where the first stage 40 is compressed more than the second stage 42.
  • the first stage 40 deflects outwardly to a deflected shape 40".
  • the second stage 42 is also deflected outwardly to a deflected shape 42".
  • the first and second stages 40 and 42 progressively deflect as springs in series that exhibit different relative spring rates.
  • These deflected shapes 40', 40", and 42" are generally the shapes exhibited when an axial compressive load is applied to the top surface.
  • the first and second stages 40 and 42 may also bend by different amounts in response to a glancing blow or shearing force applied at an angle relative to the top surface 12.
  • the projections 28 are also arranged and configured to distribute the impact load over a larger surface area of the panel 10. As the panel 10 is subjected to an impact load, either from the small load f or the larger load F, the projections deflect in a gradient over a larger area than the area over which the load is applied. For example, as the panel reacts to the large impact load F, the projections immediately under the applied load may behave as shown in Fig. 8B. As the distance increases away from the applied load F, the projections 28 will exhibit deflections resembling those of Fig. 8A. Thus, the projections 28 form a deflection gradient over a larger area than the area of the applied load.
  • This larger area includes areas having deflections of both first and second stages 40 and 42 and areas having deflections of substantially only the first stage 40.
  • the first stage 40 i.e., the smaller portions
  • This load distribution creates an area elastic system capable of distributing energy absorption over a wide area. This produces significant critical fall heights, as explained below.
  • This mechanical behavior of the projections 28 may also occur with tapered projections of other geometries that are wider at the top than at the bottom (i.e., upside down cones).
  • FIG. 9 there is illustrated another embodiment of a panel 100 having projections 128 that exhibit a telescopic deflection characteristic.
  • a first stage 140 of the projection 128 is deflected linearly into the second stage 142.
  • the first stage 140 compresses such that the material density increases from an original state to a compressed state.
  • a dense zone 140a may progress from a portion of the first stage 140 to the entire first stage.
  • the second stage 142 compresses and permits the first stage to linearly compress into the second stage 142 similarly to the action of a piston within a cylinder.
  • a second stage dense zone 142a may likewise progress from a portion of the second stage to the entire second stage.
  • the dense zones 140a and 142a may compress proportionally across the entire projection 128.
  • HIC head injury criterion
  • the head injury criterion (HIC) is used internationally and provides a relatively comparable numerical indicator based on testing.
  • HIC test result scores of 1000 or less are generally considered to be in a safe range.
  • the value of critical fall height, expressed in meters, is a test drop height that generates an HIC value of 1000.
  • playground equipment heights should kept at or lower than the critical fall height of the base surface composition.
  • the requirement for critical fall height based on HIC test values in playground applications may be different from the requirement for critical fall heights in athletic fields and similar facilities.
  • the HIC/critical fall height will vary based on the supporting substrate characteristics.
  • the panel 10 or the panel 100 may be configured to provide a 2.5m critical fall height over concrete, when tested as a component of a playground surface, and a 2.7m critical fall height over concrete in combination with a low pile (22mm) artificial turf partially filled with sand.
  • the panel 10 or the panel 100 may provide a 3.0m critical fall height over a compacted sand base in combination with a low pile (22mm) artificial turf partially filled with sand.
  • conventional athletic field underlayment layers are configured to provide only half of these critical fall height values.
  • the panel 10 or the panel 100 may be configured to absorb more or less energy depending on the application, such as swings, monkey bars, parallel bars, vertical and horizontal ladders, along with the ages of the intended users.
  • the projections 28 or 128 may have a first stage height range of 10- 15mm and a second stage height range of 15-25mm.
  • the projections 28 or 128 may be configured to be in a range of approximately 12- 13mm in height for the first stage and 19-20mm in height for the second stage in order to achieve the above referenced HIC figures.
  • the panel 10 or the panel 100 may be made of any suitable material, such as for example, a polymer material.
  • the panel 10 or 100 is a molded polypropylene panel. However, the panel may be formed from other polyolefin materials.
  • the panels 10 or 100 may be assembled and covered with any suitable covering, such as for example, artificial turf, rubber or polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, or chips such as wood chips or ground rubber chips.
  • suitable covering such as for example, artificial turf, rubber or polymer mats, short pile carpeting, particulate infill, or chips such as wood chips or ground rubber chips.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

Un panneau antichoc est adapté à être utilisé dans une cour de récréation et comprend une section de panneau et une pluralité de saillies. La section de panneau est définie par une surface supérieure et une surface inférieure. La pluralité de saillies s'étend depuis la surface inférieure de la section de panneau. La pluralité de saillies comprend un premier étage et un second étage. Le premier étage est conçu pour s'affaisser immédiatement lorsqu'il est soumis à une charge dynamique. Le second étage est conçu pour fournir une plus grande résistance à la charge dynamique que le premier étage. La section de panneau est conçue pour fournir une plus grande résistance à la charge dynamique que les premier et second étages. Le premier étage peut également être distingué du second étage en ce qu'il présente un volume inférieur à celui-ci.
EP11742846.6A 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc Active EP2534303B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16198526.2A EP3153626A1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US30335010P 2010-02-11 2010-02-11
US12/830,902 US8662787B2 (en) 2007-01-19 2010-07-06 Structural underlayment support system for use with paving and flooring elements
PCT/US2011/024475 WO2011100514A2 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16198526.2A Division EP3153626A1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2534303A2 true EP2534303A2 (fr) 2012-12-19
EP2534303A4 EP2534303A4 (fr) 2014-04-23
EP2534303B1 EP2534303B1 (fr) 2016-11-16

Family

ID=44368451

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11742846.6A Active EP2534303B1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc
EP16198526.2A Ceased EP3153626A1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16198526.2A Ceased EP3153626A1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2011-02-11 Panneau de support de charge comprenant une structure antichoc

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2534303B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20130000387A (fr)
CA (3) CA3181970A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011100514A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20140105967A (ko) 2013-02-25 2014-09-03 삼성전자주식회사 조명 제어 시스템 및 그 제어방법
ES2738275T3 (es) * 2013-04-14 2020-01-21 Combitile Pty Ltd Sistemas de embaldosado de entrelazado y atenuación de golpes
CA3129148A1 (fr) * 2019-03-05 2020-09-10 Joel Matthew Cormier Systeme de sous-couche de distribution et d'absorption de charges a etages progressifs
KR102583110B1 (ko) * 2023-07-14 2023-09-25 이정임 인조잔디 충격흡수성 보완용 충격흡수패드 제조방법및 제품

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WO2002031377A2 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-18 Skydex Technologies, Inc. Structure tampon pour des surfaces de sols et de planchers
US20050193669A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-08 Connor Sport Court International, Inc. Modular tile with controlled deflection
WO2008088919A2 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Brock International Base de système de gazon

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR0121867Y1 (ko) * 1994-05-13 1998-09-15 이상춘 고무판넬로 된 안전보도블록
JP3884575B2 (ja) * 1998-08-28 2007-02-21 積水化学工業株式会社 床化粧材
US7575795B2 (en) * 2002-04-02 2009-08-18 Seamless Alteratory Technologies, Inc (Satech) Impact absorbing safety matting system with elastomeric sub-surface structure
KR200313921Y1 (ko) * 2003-02-13 2003-05-22 한승호 잔디보호 블록
KR100430058B1 (ko) * 2003-08-06 2004-05-10 복 성 김 복층구조형 투수블럭
US7771814B2 (en) * 2006-11-13 2010-08-10 Sustainable Paving Systems, Llc Former for pavement-like sites

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002031377A2 (fr) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-18 Skydex Technologies, Inc. Structure tampon pour des surfaces de sols et de planchers
US20050193669A1 (en) * 2004-02-25 2005-09-08 Connor Sport Court International, Inc. Modular tile with controlled deflection
WO2008088919A2 (fr) * 2007-01-19 2008-07-24 Brock International Base de système de gazon

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2011100514A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011100514A3 (fr) 2011-11-17
KR20130000387A (ko) 2013-01-02
CA3159713C (fr) 2023-01-17
EP2534303B1 (fr) 2016-11-16
CA3159713A1 (fr) 2011-08-18
EP2534303A4 (fr) 2014-04-23
CA3181970A1 (fr) 2011-08-18
CA2788637A1 (fr) 2011-08-18
EP3153626A1 (fr) 2017-04-12
WO2011100514A2 (fr) 2011-08-18
CA2788637C (fr) 2015-10-06

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