EP2532260A1 - Bottom sole of a climbing shoe - Google Patents

Bottom sole of a climbing shoe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2532260A1
EP2532260A1 EP12168925A EP12168925A EP2532260A1 EP 2532260 A1 EP2532260 A1 EP 2532260A1 EP 12168925 A EP12168925 A EP 12168925A EP 12168925 A EP12168925 A EP 12168925A EP 2532260 A1 EP2532260 A1 EP 2532260A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grooves
sole
series
sole according
edge
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EP12168925A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Bouvet
Simone Avesani
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MILLET
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MILLET
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2532260A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532260A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/002Mountain boots or shoes
    • A43B5/003Mountain boots or shoes for free climbing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/223Profiled soles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lower sole climbing shoe.
  • Climbing is practiced either on natural rocks, for example cliffs, or on sites equipped with artificial catches, such as gyms equipped with climbing walls.
  • a climbing boot must have dimensions perfectly adapted to the user's foot.
  • a climbing shoe includes a sole made of a material consisting of a natural or synthetic rubber gum, having great flexibility, good deformability, and significant adhesion capabilities on any type of surface and particularly on rough surfaces that are those corresponding to the nature of the rock.
  • On this sole is mounted a rod generally made of a very flexible textile material, reinforced locally on the kick and on the back of the heel by straps.
  • This outfit is the result of the quality of adhesion of the rubber, also related to the muscular pressure exerted by the climber, and the quality of grip of the rubber constitutive of the sole.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the qualities of adhesion and grip of the sole on the catches.
  • the bottom sole of the climbing shoe which it concerns, made of a flexible material of gum type, natural or synthetic, having a general appearance of smooth surface, is characterized in that it comprises, at least in the zone located in its front part, grooves obtained by etching.
  • the depth and the width of the grooves are between 1 and 2 mm and preferably of the order of 1.5 mm.
  • the etching of the grooves is performed by laser radiation.
  • the micro-grooves in the sole facilitate the mechanical deformation of the rubber plate by softening it.
  • the contact surface of the sole with the catches made on the rock or with the artificial catches increases, which increases the adhesion.
  • micro grooves facilitate the deformation of the sole, so facilitate the adaptation of the boot and in particular the sole to different morphologies of the foot.
  • this sole comprises a first series of grooves substantially parallel to the inner edge of the sole and extending substantially from the metatarsal support zone located at the base of the big toe to the base of the sole. internal plantar arch.
  • This first series of grooves makes it possible to improve the mechanical deformation of the soleplate, and thus to soften the latter, which allows an increase in the contact surface between the soleplate and a grip, reinforcing the grip of the soleplate on the soleplate. outlet.
  • most of the grooves of the first series are continuous.
  • this sole comprises at least two second series of grooves, and preferably three series of grooves, extending from the first series of grooves and each having a general transverse orientation to the outer edge of the groove. the sole, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the tangent to the outer edge of the sole at the theoretical meeting point between the series of grooves considered and the outer edge of the sole.
  • the grooves of the second sets of grooves promote surface deformation of the sole in its central area which is important for improving progression on plates and rounded outlets.
  • the grooves of the second series are continuous.
  • the grooves of the first and second series of grooves are located at a distance from the peripheral edge of the soleplate, delimiting with this edge a non-grooved area.
  • This smooth zone located between the peripheral edge of the sole and the grooved areas, of a width of the order of 10 to 15 mm, ensures a precision support and good adhesion of the structure under load.
  • the sole comprises short grooves, of a length of between 3 and 10 mm, arranged between the grooves of the second series and extending into the area of the plantar arch.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the inner face of this slipper.
  • Figure 2 is a view of the outer face of the sole.
  • the figure 1 represents a climbing shoe.
  • This climbing shoe has an outer sole 2 made of a rubber or synthetic rubber, going up along the heel.
  • On this sole 2 is fixed a rod 3 made of a light textile material, reinforced by straps 4, 5 passing respectively behind the heel and on the upper face of the foot.
  • the closure of the liner is performed using straps 6 self gripping.
  • the sole 2 is shown in more detail at figure 2 .
  • This sole has three main parts, namely a front portion A, a central portion B corresponding to the plantar arch, and a rear portion C corresponding to the heel.
  • the sole has a first series of grooves 7 substantially parallel to the inner edge of the sole, extending substantially from the metatarsal support zone 8 located at the base of the big toe up to the base 9 of the plantar arch.
  • the depth and width of the grooves 7 are between 1 and 2 mm and preferably of the order of 1.5 mm.
  • These grooves 7 are continuous, and connected to each other at their ends by transverse grooves.
  • the sole 2 comprises three second series of grooves 10, extending from the first series of grooves 7, the grooves being of generally transverse orientation to the outer edge of the sole. These grooves are continuous.
  • the grooves belonging to the first series 7 and the grooves belonging to the second series 10 are set back from the peripheral edge of the sole, forming with this edge a smooth zone 12. Between the zones of the grooves 7 and 10 are formed short grooves 13 of a length of between 3 and 10 mm. Between the series of grooves 10, these short grooves 13 are substantially parallel to the long grooves of the series of grooves 10, while in the central portion B of the sole, they occupy an orientation more and more longitudinal.
  • micro grooves promote the mechanical deformation of the sole, improves its adaptation to the field, and also facilitates its adaptation to the morphology of the foot of the user.
  • grooves may also be provided in the heel area C, or grooves may be provided in the lateral edge of the sole, or in a zone made of rubber covering the user's toe area.
  • the term climbing shoe must be taken in the broad sense, this sole can also equip other types of footwear for climbing, such as ballerinas.

Abstract

The sole (2) comprises two sets of grooves (7, 10) etched by laser, where the sole is made of flexible natural synthetic rubber material, where depths and widths of the grooves are between 1-2 mm. One of the sets of grooves is parallel to an inner edge of the sole, and extends from a metatarsal support zone (8) located at a base (9) of a big toe to the base of an instep. The other sets of grooves extends from the former sets of grooves, and comprise transverse orientation to an outer edge of the sole.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une semelle inférieure de chausson d'escalade.The present invention relates to a lower sole climbing shoe.

L'escalade est pratiquée soit sur des rochers naturels, par exemple des falaises, soit sur des sites aménagés avec des prises artificielles, telles que des salles de sport équipées de murs d'escalade.Climbing is practiced either on natural rocks, for example cliffs, or on sites equipped with artificial catches, such as gyms equipped with climbing walls.

Pour la pratique de l'escalade, les grimpeurs utilisent des chaussons d'escalade.For climbing, climbers use climbing shoes.

Un chausson d'escalade doit posséder des dimensions parfaitement adaptées au pied de l'utilisateur. Un chausson d'escalade comprend une semelle réalisée en un matériau constitué par une gomme de caoutchouc naturel ou synthétique, possédant une grande souplesse, une bonne déformabilité, et des capacités d'adhérence importante sur tout type de surface et notamment sur les surfaces rugueuses qui sont celles correspondant à la nature du rocher. Sur cette semelle est montée une tige réalisée généralement en une matière textile très souple, renforcée localement sur le coup de pied et sur l'arrière du talon par des sangles.A climbing boot must have dimensions perfectly adapted to the user's foot. A climbing shoe includes a sole made of a material consisting of a natural or synthetic rubber gum, having great flexibility, good deformability, and significant adhesion capabilities on any type of surface and particularly on rough surfaces that are those corresponding to the nature of the rock. On this sole is mounted a rod generally made of a very flexible textile material, reinforced locally on the kick and on the back of the heel by straps.

Du fait qu'un chausson d'escalade épouse parfaitement le pied d'un grimpeur, du fait de ses bonnes capacités de déformation, et de la nature adhérente de la semelle, un grimpeur peut se déplacer sur un rocher comportant des reliefs très peu marqués, appelés prises.Because a climbing shoe perfectly fits the foot of a climber, because of its good deformation capabilities, and the adherent nature of the sole, a climber can move on a rock with very little reliefs called catch.

La tenue et la précision du chausson d'escalade sont le résultat des principaux facteurs suivants :

  • bonne adaptation de la taille et de la forme du chausson autour du pied du grimpeur,
  • posé de pied précis et efficace sur la zone définie comme une prise,
  • poussée musculaire de la part du grimpeur sur la prise,
  • tenue du chausson pendant toute la poussée sur la zone définie comme prise.
The holding and the precision of the climbing shoe are the result of the following main factors:
  • good adaptation of the size and shape of the slipper around the foot of the climber,
  • accurate and effective footing on the area defined as a catch,
  • muscle push from the climber on the grip,
  • holding the liner during the whole thrust on the zone defined as catch.

Cette tenue est la résultante de la qualité d'adhérence de la gomme, liée aussi à la pression musculaire exercée par le grimpeur, et de la qualité d'accroche de la gomme constitutive de la semelle.This outfit is the result of the quality of adhesion of the rubber, also related to the muscular pressure exerted by the climber, and the quality of grip of the rubber constitutive of the sole.

Le but de l'invention est d'améliorer les qualités d'adhérence et d'accroche de la semelle sur les prises.The object of the invention is to improve the qualities of adhesion and grip of the sole on the catches.

A cet effet, la semelle inférieure du chausson d'escalade qu'elle concerne, réalisée en une matière souple de type gomme, naturelle ou synthétique, présentant un aspect général de surface lisse, est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, au moins dans la zone située dans sa partie avant, des rainures obtenues par gravure.For this purpose, the bottom sole of the climbing shoe which it concerns, made of a flexible material of gum type, natural or synthetic, having a general appearance of smooth surface, is characterized in that it comprises, at least in the zone located in its front part, grooves obtained by etching.

Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, la profondeur et la largeur des rainures sont comprises entre 1 et 2 mm et de préférence de l'ordre de 1,5 mm.According to one characteristic of the invention, the depth and the width of the grooves are between 1 and 2 mm and preferably of the order of 1.5 mm.

Avantageusement, la gravure des rainures est réalisée par un rayonnement laser.Advantageously, the etching of the grooves is performed by laser radiation.

Les micro-rainures ménagées dans la semelle facilitent la déformation mécanique de la plaque de gomme en l'assouplissant. De ce fait, la surface de contact de la semelle avec les prises ménagées sur le rocher ou avec les prises artificielles, augmente, ce qui renforce l'adhérence.The micro-grooves in the sole facilitate the mechanical deformation of the rubber plate by softening it. As a result, the contact surface of the sole with the catches made on the rock or with the artificial catches increases, which increases the adhesion.

Le rainurage renforce l'accroche sur les prises, puisque les micro structures du rocher ou des prises viennent prendre appui dans les micro rainures réalisées à la surface de la gomme. Enfin, ces micro rainures facilitent la déformation de la semelle, donc facilitent l'adaptation du chausson et notamment de la semelle à différentes morphologies du pied.The grooving strengthens the grip on the catches, since the micro structures of the rock or catches come to bear in the micro grooves made on the surface of the rubber. Finally, these micro grooves facilitate the deformation of the sole, so facilitate the adaptation of the boot and in particular the sole to different morphologies of the foot.

Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, cette semelle comporte une première série de rainures sensiblement parallèles au bord intérieur de la semelle et s'étendant sensiblement depuis la zone d'appui métatarsien située à la base du gros orteil jusqu'à la base de la voute plantaire interne.According to a feature of the invention, this sole comprises a first series of grooves substantially parallel to the inner edge of the sole and extending substantially from the metatarsal support zone located at the base of the big toe to the base of the sole. internal plantar arch.

Cette première série de rainures permet d'améliorer la déformation mécanique de la semelle, donc d'assouplir celle-ci, ce qui permet une augmentation de la surface de contact entre la semelle et une prise, renforçant l'adhérence de la semelle sur la prise.This first series of grooves makes it possible to improve the mechanical deformation of the soleplate, and thus to soften the latter, which allows an increase in the contact surface between the soleplate and a grip, reinforcing the grip of the soleplate on the soleplate. outlet.

Avantageusement, la plupart des rainures de la première série sont continues.Advantageously, most of the grooves of the first series are continuous.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, cette semelle comporte au moins deux secondes séries de rainures, et de préférence trois séries de rainures, s'étendant à partir de la première série de rainures et possédant chacune une orientation générale transversale au bord extérieur de la semelle, c'est à dire sensiblement perpendiculaire à la tangente au bord extérieur de la semelle au point théorique de rencontre entre la série de rainures considérée et le bord extérieur de la semelle.According to another characteristic of the invention, this sole comprises at least two second series of grooves, and preferably three series of grooves, extending from the first series of grooves and each having a general transverse orientation to the outer edge of the groove. the sole, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the tangent to the outer edge of the sole at the theoretical meeting point between the series of grooves considered and the outer edge of the sole.

Les rainures des secondes séries de rainures favorisent la déformation de surface de la semelle dans sa zone centrale ce qui est important pour améliorer la progression sur des plaques et sur des prises arrondies.The grooves of the second sets of grooves promote surface deformation of the sole in its central area which is important for improving progression on plates and rounded outlets.

Avantageusement, les rainures des secondes séries sont continues.Advantageously, the grooves of the second series are continuous.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les rainures des première et secondes séries de rainure sont situées à distance du bord périphérique de la semelle, délimitant avec ce bord une zone non rainurée.According to another characteristic of the invention, the grooves of the first and second series of grooves are located at a distance from the peripheral edge of the soleplate, delimiting with this edge a non-grooved area.

Cette zone lisse située entre le bord périphérique de la semelle et les zones rainurées, d'une largeur de l'ordre de 10 à 15 mm, assure une précision de l'appui et une bonne adhérence de la structure sous charge.This smooth zone located between the peripheral edge of the sole and the grooved areas, of a width of the order of 10 to 15 mm, ensures a precision support and good adhesion of the structure under load.

Enfin, et afin d'améliorer encore l'adhérence et la déformabilité de la semelle, celle-ci comprend des rainures courtes, d'une longueur comprise entre 3 et 10 mm, disposées entre les rainures des secondes séries et s'étendant jusque dans la zone de la voute plantaire.Finally, and in order to further improve the adhesion and the deformability of the sole, it comprises short grooves, of a length of between 3 and 10 mm, arranged between the grooves of the second series and extending into the area of the plantar arch.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution d'un chausson d'escalade équipé de la semelle selon l'invention.Anyway, the invention will be better understood from the following description, with reference to the attached schematic drawing showing, by way of non-limiting example, a form of execution of a climbing shoe equipped with the sole according to the invention.

Figure 1 est une vue de côté de la face interne de ce chausson. Figure 1 is a side view of the inner face of this slipper.

Figure 2 est une vue de la face extérieure de la semelle. Figure 2 is a view of the outer face of the sole.

La figure 1 représente un chausson d'escalade. Ce chausson d'escalade comporte une semelle extérieure 2 réalisée en une gomme de caoutchouc ou de matière synthétique, remontant le long du talon. Sur cette semelle 2 est fixée une tige 3 réalisée en un matériau textile léger, renforcé par des sangles 4, 5 passant respectivement derrière le talon et sur la face supérieure du pied. La fermeture du chausson est réalisée à l'aide de sangles 6 auto agrippantes.The figure 1 represents a climbing shoe. This climbing shoe has an outer sole 2 made of a rubber or synthetic rubber, going up along the heel. On this sole 2 is fixed a rod 3 made of a light textile material, reinforced by straps 4, 5 passing respectively behind the heel and on the upper face of the foot. The closure of the liner is performed using straps 6 self gripping.

La semelle 2 est montrée plus en détail à la figure 2.The sole 2 is shown in more detail at figure 2 .

Cette semelle comporte trois parties principales, à savoir une partie avant A, une partie centrale B correspondant à la voute plantaire, et une partie arrière C correspondant au talon.This sole has three main parts, namely a front portion A, a central portion B corresponding to the plantar arch, and a rear portion C corresponding to the heel.

La semelle comporte une première série de rainures 7 sensiblement parallèles au bord intérieur de la semelle, s'étendant sensiblement depuis la zone d'appui métatarsien 8 situé à la base du gros orteil jusqu'à la base 9 de la voute plantaire. La profondeur et la largeur des rainures 7 sont comprises entre 1 et 2 mm et de préférence de l'ordre de 1,5 mm.The sole has a first series of grooves 7 substantially parallel to the inner edge of the sole, extending substantially from the metatarsal support zone 8 located at the base of the big toe up to the base 9 of the plantar arch. The depth and width of the grooves 7 are between 1 and 2 mm and preferably of the order of 1.5 mm.

Ces rainures 7 sont continues, et reliées les unes aux autres à leur extrémité par des rainures transversales.These grooves 7 are continuous, and connected to each other at their ends by transverse grooves.

La semelle 2 comporte trois secondes séries de rainures 10, s'étendant à partir de la première série de rainures 7, les rainures étant d'orientation générale transversale au bord extérieur de la semelle. Ces rainures sont continues.The sole 2 comprises three second series of grooves 10, extending from the first series of grooves 7, the grooves being of generally transverse orientation to the outer edge of the sole. These grooves are continuous.

Les rainures appartenant à la première série 7 et les rainures appartenant aux secondes séries 10 sont situées en retrait du bord périphérique de la semelle, ménageant avec ce bord une zone 12 lisse. Entre les zones des rainures 7 et 10, sont ménagées des rainures courtes 13 d'une longueur comprise entre 3 et 10 mm. Entre les séries de rainures 10, ces rainures courtes 13 sont sensiblement parallèles aux rainures longues des séries de rainures 10, tandis que dans la partie centrale B de la semelle, elles occupent une orientation de plus en plus longitudinale.The grooves belonging to the first series 7 and the grooves belonging to the second series 10 are set back from the peripheral edge of the sole, forming with this edge a smooth zone 12. Between the zones of the grooves 7 and 10 are formed short grooves 13 of a length of between 3 and 10 mm. Between the series of grooves 10, these short grooves 13 are substantially parallel to the long grooves of the series of grooves 10, while in the central portion B of the sole, they occupy an orientation more and more longitudinal.

Comme indiqué précédemment, ces micro rainures favorisent la déformation mécanique de la semelle, améliore son adaptation aux prises du terrain, et facilite également son adaptation à la morphologie du pied de l'utilisateur.As indicated above, these micro grooves promote the mechanical deformation of the sole, improves its adaptation to the field, and also facilitates its adaptation to the morphology of the foot of the user.

Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas à la seule forme d'exécution de cette semelle décrite ci-dessus à titre d'exemple, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. C'est ainsi notamment que des rainures pour être également ménagées dans la zone de talon C, ou que des rainures pourraient être ménagées dans le bord latéral de la semelle, ou dans une zone réalisée en gomme recouvrant la zone des orteils de l'utilisateur. En outre, le terme chausson d'escalade doit être pris au sens large, cette semelle pouvant également équiper d'autres types d'articles chaussants destinés à l'escalade, tel que des ballerines.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this sole described above by way of example, it encompasses all variants. Thus, in particular, grooves may also be provided in the heel area C, or grooves may be provided in the lateral edge of the sole, or in a zone made of rubber covering the user's toe area. . In addition, the term climbing shoe must be taken in the broad sense, this sole can also equip other types of footwear for climbing, such as ballerinas.

Claims (9)

Semelle inférieure (2) de chausson d'escalade, réalisée en une matière souple de type gomme, naturelle ou synthétique, présentant un aspect général de surface lisse, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, au moins dans la zone (A) située dans sa partie avant, des rainures (7,10,13) obtenues par gravure.Lower sole (2) climbing shoe, made of a flexible material of gum type, natural or synthetic, having a general appearance of smooth surface, characterized in that it comprises, at least in the area (A) located in its front part, grooves (7,10,13) obtained by etching. Semelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la profondeur et la largeur des rainures (7,9,13) sont comprises entre 1 et 2 mm et de préférence de l'ordre de 1, 5 mm.Sole according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth and width of the grooves (7,9,13) are between 1 and 2 mm and preferably of the order of 1, 5 mm. Semelle selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que la gravure des rainures (7,9,13) est réalisée par un rayonnement laser.Sole according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the etching of the grooves (7,9,13) is performed by laser radiation. Semelle selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une première série de rainures (7) sensiblement parallèles au bord intérieur de la semelle et s'étendant sensiblement depuis la zone d'appui métatarsien (8) située à la base du gros orteil jusqu'à la base (9) de la voute plantaire interne.Sole according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a first series of grooves (7) substantially parallel to the inner edge of the sole and extending substantially from the metatarsal support zone (8) located at the base of the big toe to the base (9) of the internal plantar arch. Semelle selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la plupart des rainures (7) de la première série sont continues.Sole according to claim 4, characterized in that most of the grooves (7) of the first series are continuous. Semelle selon l'une des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins deux secondes séries de rainures (10), et de préférence trois séries de rainures (10), s'étendant à partir de la première série de rainures (7) et possédant chacune une orientation générale transversale au bord extérieur de la semelle, c'est à dire sensiblement perpendiculaire à la tangente au bord extérieur de la semelle au point théorique de rencontre entre la série de rainures considérée et le bord extérieur de la semelle (2).Sole according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that it comprises at least two second series of grooves (10), and preferably three series of grooves (10), extending from the first series of grooves (7) and each having a general transverse orientation to the outer edge of the sole, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the tangent to the outer edge of the sole at the theoretical meeting point between the series of grooves considered and the outer edge of the sole (2). Semelle selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les rainures (10) des secondes séries sont continues.Sole according to claim 6, characterized in that the grooves (10) of the second series are continuous. Semelle selon les revendications 4 et 6, caractérisée en ce que les rainures (7,10) des première et secondes séries de rainure sont situées à distance du bord périphérique de la semelle, délimitant avec ce bord une zone (12) non rainurée.Sole according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that the grooves (7,10) of the first and second series of grooves are located at a distance from the peripheral edge of the sole, delimiting with this edge a non-grooved area (12). Semelle selon les revendications 4 et 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des rainures courtes (13), d'une longueur comprise entre 3 et 10 mm, disposées entre les rainures (10) des secondes séries et s'étendant jusque dans la zone (B) de la voute plantaire.Sole according to claims 4 and 6, characterized in that it comprises short grooves (13), of a length of between 3 and 10 mm, arranged between the grooves (10) of the second series and extending into the zone (B) of the arch.
EP12168925A 2011-06-06 2012-05-22 Bottom sole of a climbing shoe Withdrawn EP2532260A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1154874A FR2975875B1 (en) 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 LOWER SOLE OF CLIMBING SHOE

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EP2532260A1 true EP2532260A1 (en) 2012-12-12

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EP (1) EP2532260A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2975875B1 (en)

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USD796163S1 (en) * 2015-09-29 2017-09-05 Action Sports Equipment, Inc. Shoe
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FR2975875B1 (en) 2013-05-24
FR2975875A1 (en) 2012-12-07

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