EP2530390A1 - Heizsystem und Verfahren zum Heizen einer Vielzahl von Räumen - Google Patents

Heizsystem und Verfahren zum Heizen einer Vielzahl von Räumen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2530390A1
EP2530390A1 EP11004501A EP11004501A EP2530390A1 EP 2530390 A1 EP2530390 A1 EP 2530390A1 EP 11004501 A EP11004501 A EP 11004501A EP 11004501 A EP11004501 A EP 11004501A EP 2530390 A1 EP2530390 A1 EP 2530390A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
control valve
control
heat demand
fraction
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP11004501A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2530390B1 (de
Inventor
Lars Munch
Bent Soerensen
Peter Gammeljord
Leszek Misztal
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Danfoss AS
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Danfoss AS
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Application filed by Danfoss AS filed Critical Danfoss AS
Priority to EP11004501.0A priority Critical patent/EP2530390B1/de
Priority to DK11004501.0T priority patent/DK2530390T3/da
Publication of EP2530390A1 publication Critical patent/EP2530390A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1039—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/254—Room temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/258—Outdoor temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/486—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using timers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating system for heating a plurality of rooms, comprising a heat source, at least one heat exchanger in each room, said heat exchanger being connected to said heat source and being controlled by a control valve controlling a flow of heating fluid through said heat exchanger, a heat demand sensor for each room, and a control means controlling said control valves depending on the heat demand detected by said heat demand sensors.
  • the invention relates to a method for heating a plurality of rooms by guiding a heating fluid from a heat source through a heat exchanger in each of said rooms wherein the flow of the heating fluid through each heat exchanger is controlled by a control valve depending on a heat demand of each room.
  • Most buildings comprise a plurality of rooms which are heated by means of a central heating system.
  • a central heating system comprises a single heat source which supplies heating fluid to a plurality of heat exchangers wherein each heat exchanger is arranged in a room to be heated.
  • Each heat exchanger should receive so much heating fluid that it heats the room to a predetermined temperature. The temperatures can differ between different rooms.
  • a temperature sensor (or any other sensor which can detect the heat demand) is arranged in each room and detects the actual temperature.
  • the actual temperature is compared to a given temperature, i.e. a set point temperature.
  • the control valve is more or less opened. When the control valve is opened, heating fluid is running through the heat exchanger. When the control valve is closed, the flow of heating fluid stops.
  • a buffer tank In connection with a fluid driven heating system receiving the heating fluid from a heat pump, a buffer tank is often used. This buffer tank is used, because a heat pump will often require a minimum of flow in order to work correctly. As a buffer tank increases the costs of a heating system, there have been several suggestions for finding a different way of achieving a minimum flow.
  • WO 2010/095093 A2 describes a system that comprises a bypass loop in the heating system. When the rooms are sufficiently heated and a situation occurs, in which there is no heat demand, all valves but one are closed. The heat exchanger with the open valve is used as bypass loop in order to achieve the best possible operating conditions for the heat pump by having a minimum flow.
  • control valves are on-off-valves and the control means controls an open state of each valve depending on said heat demand, wherein said control means opens said control valves in a timely distributed manner and controls at least one control valve in an open state in case of no heat demand.
  • the heat demand sensors in the individual rooms are used to determine the heat demand of each room. This can be achieved by comparing the actual temperature and the set point temperature in each room. The difference between these two temperatures indicates the heat demand.
  • the heat demand of all rooms together gives the total heat requirement which must be satisfied by the heat source.
  • the heat source does not supply the heating fluid to all heat exchangers at the same time.
  • the control means make sure that the heating fluid is distributed over the time to different heat exchangers. This can lead to the situation, that at each time only one heat exchanger gets heating fluid while the control valves of all other heat exchangers are closed. It depends on the number of rooms whether it is necessary to open the control valves of two or more heat exchangers at the same time. When the rooms are sufficiently heated, i.e. they have the desired or set point temperature, there is no more heat demand. In this situation it is made sure that at least one valve is open simultaneously with the heat source or heat pump receiving a signal "no heat demand".
  • control valves are partly open and others are partly closed the heat can be supplied to the rooms in a timely distributed manner.
  • the term "controlling an open state” can be replaced with the term “controlling a closed state” having the same meaning in principle.
  • control means opens each control valve during a fraction of a predetermined time period, said fraction being determined by the heat demand detected by said heat demand sensor.
  • the time period can for example be 30 minutes. Since the time constant of a heating system is rather large it is sufficient to open each control valve once during a period of e.g. 30 minutes. Such a pulse width modulation is simple to realize and gives the desired effect.
  • the fractions of all control valves can be set so that each control valve is open over a sufficient time and all control valve of rooms having a heat demand are sufficiently open in order to satisfy the heat demand.
  • control means open said control valves in a consecutive manner. This means that all control valves are opened one after the other. This is a simple way to ensure that at least one control valve is opened at a time and the other control valves are closed. However, since the control valves need a certain time to open or close it is allowed that a slight overlapping of open conditions of control valves occurs during opening and closing the control valves.
  • said control means divides said time period into a number of fractions, said number corresponding to the number of control valves of said plurality of control valves, each fraction being allocated to a specific control valve, and opens a control valve in the beginning of its fraction provided that the control valve of the previous fraction is still open, or opens said control valve during the previous fraction at the time at which the control valve of the previous fraction is closed.
  • control means keeps open a control valve in case of no heat demand.
  • all heat demand sensors indicate that there is no more heat demand usually at least one control valve is open.
  • the control means keeps this control valve open so that no further action is necessary.
  • control means changes the output temperature of the heat source depending on the overall heat demand detected by all heat demand sensors.
  • the control means does not only control the control valves, i.e. changes the opening degree and/or the opening time of the control valves. It influences furthermore the heat source.
  • the heat demand decreases the output temperature of the heat source is lowered.
  • the output temperature of the heat source is raised.
  • said heat source is a heat pump and said control means lowers the temperature set point of the heat fluid in case of no heat demand. This means that the heating fluid will still be pumped through the heating system, however, the heating fluid will not be heated anymore. Since at least one control valve remains open, there will be a flow of heating fluid which is often needed by the heat pump, however, this heating fluid will not be heated up.
  • control means comprises a timer means controlling a minimum off-time of the heat pump.
  • the timer means ensures that the heat pump has to rest for a minimum off-time once it has stopped delivering heating fluid. This stop can be a complete stop of the heat pump or it can be the lowering of the set point of the temperature of the heating fluid.
  • said control means comprises a delay means provoking a minimum restart time between consecutive starts of said heat pump. In other words the time between two starts of the heat pump must not fall below the minimum restart time.
  • said minimum off-time is in a range from 0 minutes to 30 minutes and/or said minimum restart time is in a range from 10 minutes to 60 minutes. These times are sufficient since the thermal time constant of the heating system is large enough.
  • control valves are opened in a timely distributed manner depending on said heat demand wherein at least one control valve is controlled in an open state in case of no heat demand.
  • control valves are pulse width modulated and a control valve which is open when there is no heat demand is kept open. This is a simple way of enabling operation of the control valves in a coordinated manner. Since a control valve is kept open which is already open there is no additional action required. The risks of faults is minimized.
  • control valves are opened one after the other.
  • the heat source has to supply only one heat exchanger at a time.
  • the control valves of the other heat exchanger remain closed and the heating fluid in these heat exchangers can deliver the heat to the respective room. Since the thermal time constant of the heating system is large enough, a rather uniform temperature is achieved. Since the control valve needs a certain time to open or to close it is possible that during opening and closing of consecutive operated control valves a small timely overlap of consecutive operated valves occurs. However, this is acceptable.
  • control valves are controlled during a predetermined time period, wherein said time period is divided in a number of fractions, said number of fractions corresponding to the number of control valves, each fraction being allocated to a specific control valve, and a control valve is opened at the beginning of its fraction provided that the control valve of the previous fraction is still open, or the control valve is opened during the previous fraction at the time the control valve of the previous fraction is closed.
  • This ensures a uniform flow of heating fluid through the system as well.
  • the heating fluid can be kept at a rather low temperature to get the highest possible efficiency. Nevertheless it is always made sure that at least one control valve is open in order to establish a permanent flow through the heating system.
  • the output temperature of the heat source is changed depending on the heat demand of all rooms.
  • the temperature is raised.
  • the output temperature of the heat source is lowered.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a heating system 1 for heating a plurality of rooms 2, 3, 4 in a building.
  • the heating system comprises a heat source 5 in form of a heat pump, boiler or the like, outputting a heating fluid having an elevated temperature.
  • Each room 2, 3, 4 is provided with a heat exchanger 6, 7, 8.
  • the heat exchangers 6, 7, 8 are in the form of floor heating lines.
  • other types of heat exchangers can be used as well, e.g. radiators.
  • the flow of heating fluid through each heat exchanger 6, 7, 8 is controlled by means of a control valve 9, 10, 11.
  • the control valves 9, 10, 11 can, for example, be wax actuators, motor valves, or the like.
  • the control valves 9, 10, 11 are operated in pulse width modulation (PWM), i.e. they are opened over a part of a predetermined period. The length of the part determines the opening degree of the respective control valve 9, 10, 11.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the control valve 9, 10, 11 has an opening degree of 100%.
  • the opening degree is 50%.
  • the predetermined period can have a length of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 60 minutes.
  • All control valves 9, 10, 11 are controlled by a common control means 12 which is connected to the control valve 9, 10, 11 via control lines 13, 14, 15.
  • the control lines 13, 14, 15 can be made as electrical or optical conductors or they can be wireless.
  • Each room 2, 3, 4 is provided with a temperature sensor 16, 17, 18.
  • the temperature sensors 16, 17, 18 are connected to the control means 12 and supply temperature information to the control means 12.
  • the temperature information is information about a heat demand, so that the temperature sensors 16, 17, 18 can be regarded as heat demand sensors. Other kinds of heat demand sensors are possible.
  • the temperature sensors 16, 17, 18 can be connected to the control means via physical lines or wireless. In some cases it is possible that a floor sensor could be used as the sensor providing the actual room/floor temperature.
  • the control means 12 is connected to the heat source 5 as well. Via one channel 19 the heat source 5 transmits information about the kind of heat source 5.
  • the control means 12 uses a second channel 20 in order to adjust the temperature of the heating fluid supplied by the heat source 5.
  • the control means 12 controls the control valves 9, 10, 11 such that a preset temperature (also called set point temperature) for each room 2, 3, 4 is reached.
  • a preset temperature also called set point temperature
  • the actual temperature detected by the temperature sensors 16, 17, 18 should coincide with the preset temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows a mode of operation of the system described which is briefly called "pulse spreading".
  • Fig. 2 shows signals 13a, 14a, 15a on lines 13, 14, 15, respectively, showing an opening condition of the respective valve, when the signal has a high level.
  • the valves 9, 10, 11 are opened in a consecutive order one after the other, i.e. when control valve 9 is opened, the control valve 10, 11 are closed.
  • Control valve 10 (signal 14a) opens, when control valve 9 (signal 13a) closes.
  • Control valve 11 opens, when control valve 10 closes.
  • the heat source 5 can be operated permanently.
  • Such a mode of operation is advantageous for heat pumps, where it is essential to obtain a uniform output to get the highest possible efficiency. This uniform output can have a low temperature.
  • the signal 20a often is briefly termed "boiler relay".
  • control valves 9 and 10 are closed (cf. signals 13a, 14a).
  • the last open control valve 11 is kept open (signal 15a) and the heat pump 5 stops generating heat (signal 20a).
  • the control means 12 lowers the temperature set point for the heating fluid so that the heat pump 5 can still pump heating fluid through the system, however, the heating fluid will then not be heated anymore.
  • Fig. 3 shows a slightly modified example.
  • the control valve 10 opens for a short instant before the control valve 9 closes (cf. signals 13a, 14a).
  • control valve 11 (signal 15a) opens shortly before control valve 10 (signal 14a) closes. This is done because the control valves 9, 10, 11 need a certain time to fully open and close.
  • the heat source 5 stops generating heat. This kind of operation achieves the same advantages as that of Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a further mode of operation according to the principle of "pulse spreading".
  • the signal 20a for the boiler relay is not shown.
  • at least one of the control valves is kept open, even after satisfying the heat demand.
  • there are six control valves. Therefore, the time period which is represented by the circle 21 is divided into 6 fractions T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6. Each fraction of the time period is allocated to a control valve.
  • the opening times are indicated by curved arrows V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6.
  • a control valve V1 is opened at the start or beginning of the fraction T1 of the period.
  • the next control valve V2 in the order is opened or started at the beginning of the time fraction T2 of the period.
  • Control valve V3 opens when control valve V2 is closed.
  • Control valve V4 opens at the beginning of time faction T4.
  • Control valve V5 opens at the beginning of time fraction T5.
  • Control valve V6 opens when control valve V5 closes.
  • control valves V1, V2, V4, V5 are opened at a time where the respective control valve V1, V3, V4 of the previous time Section T6, T1, T3, T4 is still open. In this case they open at the beginning of the fraction T1, T2, T4, T5 allocated to the respective control valve.
  • control means 12 controls the heat source 5 in order to raise the temperature of the heating fluid.
  • control valves 9, 10, 11 are opened only over a rather short fraction of the time period, this is an indication that the temperature of the heating fluid supplied by the heat source 5 is too high. This small opening degree is detected by the control means 12 which in this case lowers the temperature of the heating fluid supplied by the heat source 5.
  • heat pumps have their own outdoor sensor, and based on the preset values they adjust the supply temperature on the basis of the measured outdoor temperature.
  • the open time of the control valves 9, 10, 11 can be used additionally or alternatively to the outdoor sensor to adjust the supply temperature.
  • Fig. 5 shows a simplified diagram of signals, wherein the same reference numerals are used as in Fig. 2 and 3 . However, the signals for only two control valves are shown for sake of simplicity.
  • control valve 9 and control valve 10 are opened in a consecutive manner (cf. signals 13a, 14a). However, when the heat demand 22 goes to zero the control valve 10 must remain open (signal 14a) until control valve 9 opens again (signal 13a).
  • Fig. 5 furthermore shows a minimum off-time 23, i.e. a time which has to elapse after a stop of the heat pump 5 until the heat pump 5 can restart again.
  • a minimum off-time is ensured by a timer means which is part of the control means 12 (not shown in Fig. 1 ).
  • a minimum restart time 24 must be ensured, i.e. a time between two consecutive starts of the heat pump 5.
  • a delay means is provided within the control means 12 (not shown in Fig. 1 ).
  • the minimum off-time is 5 minutes, for example, but can be adjusted in a range from 0 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the minimum restart time is 20 minutes, for example, but can be adjusted in a range from 10 minutes to 60 minutes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP11004501.0A 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Heizsystem und Verfahren zum Heizen einer Vielzahl von Räumen Not-in-force EP2530390B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11004501.0A EP2530390B1 (de) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Heizsystem und Verfahren zum Heizen einer Vielzahl von Räumen
DK11004501.0T DK2530390T3 (da) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Heating system and method for heating a plurality of rooms

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11004501.0A EP2530390B1 (de) 2011-06-01 2011-06-01 Heizsystem und Verfahren zum Heizen einer Vielzahl von Räumen

Publications (2)

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EP2530390A1 true EP2530390A1 (de) 2012-12-05
EP2530390B1 EP2530390B1 (de) 2013-07-24

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2894408A1 (de) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-15 Möhlenhoff GmbH Verfahren zum Temperieren von Räumen eines Gebäudes
EP3339752A1 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 Danfoss A/S System zur raumtemperaturregelung
EP3470745A1 (de) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-17 Jifuh Sheen Heizungssteuerungssystem mit hydraulischem ausgleich
EP3919823A1 (de) * 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Grüning, Horst Verfahren zur steuerung der wärmeerzeugung und -verteilung in einer heizungsanlage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2521696A1 (fr) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-19 Coditherm Cie Distr Thermique Procede et appareillage pour la regulation d'une installation de chauffage central par eau chaude comprenant une pompe a chaleur en releve d'une chaudiere
US20020060251A1 (en) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-23 Christian Neve Method for controlling a heating system and heating system
DE102007043714A1 (de) 2007-09-13 2009-03-19 Pedotherm Gmbh Fußbodenheizung in einem Gebäude
DE102008051275A1 (de) 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Möhlenhoff Wärmetechnik GmbH Verfahren zur Temperierung von Räumen eines Gebäudes
WO2010095093A2 (en) 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Uponor Innovation Ab Controlling a heating/cooling system
WO2010095092A2 (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Uponor Innovation Ab Controlling under surface heating/cooling
GB2468343A (en) * 2009-03-05 2010-09-08 Bmci Ltd Heating or cooling system comprising a heat pump

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2521696A1 (fr) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-19 Coditherm Cie Distr Thermique Procede et appareillage pour la regulation d'une installation de chauffage central par eau chaude comprenant une pompe a chaleur en releve d'une chaudiere
US20020060251A1 (en) * 2000-11-18 2002-05-23 Christian Neve Method for controlling a heating system and heating system
DE102007043714A1 (de) 2007-09-13 2009-03-19 Pedotherm Gmbh Fußbodenheizung in einem Gebäude
DE102008051275A1 (de) 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Möhlenhoff Wärmetechnik GmbH Verfahren zur Temperierung von Räumen eines Gebäudes
WO2010095093A2 (en) 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Uponor Innovation Ab Controlling a heating/cooling system
WO2010095092A2 (en) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Uponor Innovation Ab Controlling under surface heating/cooling
GB2468343A (en) * 2009-03-05 2010-09-08 Bmci Ltd Heating or cooling system comprising a heat pump

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2894408A1 (de) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-15 Möhlenhoff GmbH Verfahren zum Temperieren von Räumen eines Gebäudes
EP3339752A1 (de) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-27 Danfoss A/S System zur raumtemperaturregelung
RU2671139C1 (ru) * 2016-12-22 2018-10-29 Данфосс А/С Система управления температурой в помещении
EP3470745A1 (de) * 2017-10-11 2019-04-17 Jifuh Sheen Heizungssteuerungssystem mit hydraulischem ausgleich
EP3919823A1 (de) * 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Grüning, Horst Verfahren zur steuerung der wärmeerzeugung und -verteilung in einer heizungsanlage

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EP2530390B1 (de) 2013-07-24
DK2530390T3 (da) 2013-08-19

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