EP2526589A1 - Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille - Google Patents
Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse mailleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2526589A1 EP2526589A1 EP11700458A EP11700458A EP2526589A1 EP 2526589 A1 EP2526589 A1 EP 2526589A1 EP 11700458 A EP11700458 A EP 11700458A EP 11700458 A EP11700458 A EP 11700458A EP 2526589 A1 EP2526589 A1 EP 2526589A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mesh
- ground plane
- region
- antenna
- line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
- H01Q1/1278—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of telecommunication antennas, and more particularly that of antennas printed for mobile cellular networks and for radio-relay systems.
- the invention more specifically relates to an optically transparent printed antenna whose ground plane is constituted by a metal grid, typically grid-shaped.
- a printed antenna comprises conventionally known per se a ground plane, a radiation plane in the form of one or more radiating elements, and a dielectric substrate interposed between the ground plane and the radiation plane.
- the radiating elements are typically made of a conductive square surface fed by a microstrip line ("microstrip” according to the English terminology) printed on the same substrate or on another layer, often taking the form of a triplate line.
- a first technique consists in using a transparent dielectric substrate of the glass or plexiglass type, and in forming the ground plane and the radiating element (s) of the radiation plane by deposition of an optically transparent conductive material (for example tin-doped indium ITO or silver-doped tin oxide AgHT) on a plastic film, for example on a polyester film.
- an optically transparent conductive material for example tin-doped indium ITO or silver-doped tin oxide AgHT
- a second technique consists in using a transparent dielectric substrate of the glass or plexiglass type and in producing one and / or the other of the ground plane and the radiation plane in the form of a mesh of metal (for example silver or copper), typically grid-shaped.
- the level of transparency is then defined by the dimensions of the openings of the mesh vis-à-vis the width of the son of the mesh.
- the primary objective of the invention is to achieve the best possible compromise by providing a printed antenna with a mesh ground plane having an optimized level of optical transparency without compromising the electromagnetic performance thereof.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an optically transparent printed antenna having a micro-ribbon supply line of several radiating elements is designed to allow a weighting of the supply of the various radiating elements without generating radiation parasites.
- Yet another object of the invention is to reduce parasitic radiation on the rear face of a transparent antenna with a ground plane.
- Yet another object of the invention is to optimize transparency in a multilayer system.
- the invention proposes an optically transparent printed antenna comprising a ground plane constituted by a metal mesh whose dimensioning is not uniform, a radiation plane comprising one or more radiating elements, and an optically transparent dielectric substrate interposed. between the ground plane and the radiation plane, characterized in that the mesh of the ground plane has, at a first region of the ground plane towards a region of the radiation plane including one or a plurality of radiating elements generating a strong electromagnetic activity, a first constricted dimensioning of the mesh, the mesh progressively becoming brighter in the vicinity of said first region to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning, at the level of a second region of the ground plane facing a region of the plane of radiation generating low electromagnetic activity.
- At least one intermediate region is interposed between the first and second regions of the ground plane, said intermediate region having a sizing of the intermediate mesh between the first and the second sizing of the mesh; the second dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at least 90%;
- the first dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at most 70%
- It further comprises a micro-ribbon supply line of a plurality of radiating elements, the feed line being constituted by a metal mesh of constant width;
- the sizing of the metal mesh of the microstrip supply line is non-uniform along the line in order to modify the resistance and thus weight the supply of one or more radiating elements of said plurality of radiating elements ;
- the dimensioning of the mesh of the supply line is identical between two consecutive radiating elements along the line, and is modified at least once along the line so that the line brings less power to the line; radiating element at the end of the line only to the radiating element at the beginning of the line;
- the metallic mesh of the ground plane has discontinuities at the edge of the antenna, the discontinuities gradually increasing as one approaches the edges of the antenna;
- the discontinuities are located along the edges interconnecting the nodes of the mesh or located at the nodes of the mesh;
- the discontinuities are of such amplitude that they generate a gradual increase in the mesh size at the edge of the antenna
- a supply line of one or more radiating elements and / or the zone of the ground plane close to said supply line consist of a very tight to opaque metal mesh in the areas of high heat dissipation;
- the radiating elements and the metal mesh of the ground plane are produced on a flexible transparent substrate or on a rigid transparent substrate curved in order to fit a conformal surface.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a printed antenna
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating, on the one hand, the distribution of the electromagnetic activity at the level of the ground plane of a printed antenna of the type of that represented in FIG. 1, and, on the other hand, the variation of the sizing of the mesh. the ground plane according to the invention;
- FIG. 3 represents the variation in the size of the mesh of the ground plane of a printed antenna according to the invention having an array of radiating elements
- FIG. 4 represents a micro-ribbon feed line having discontinuities in width
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show a micro-ribbon supply line consisting of a metal mesh of constant width in accordance with two possible embodiments of the invention
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate possible variations in the size of the mesh of a microstrip supply line of constant width
- FIGS. 12a and 12b respectively represent an active face mesh of the antenna and a mesh of the ground plane of the antenna;
- FIGS. 13a and 13b show imperfect alignments of the meshes of FIGS. 12a and 12b;
- FIGS. 14a-14f represent different possible alignments of the meshes of the active face and the ground plane without altering the general optical transparency of the antenna;
- FIGS. 15a-15d represent different possible forms of the mesh of the metal parts of the transparent antenna.
- optically transparent material a material substantially transparent in at least a portion of the field of visible light, passing at least about 30% of this light, and preferably more than 60 % light.
- FIG. 1 there is shown an optically transparent printed antenna according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
- the antenna comprises a ground plane 1 constituted by a metal mesh, a radiation plane comprising one or more radiating elements 2, and a substrate optically transparent dielectric 3 interposed between the ground plane and the radiation plane.
- the radiating element (s) 2 and the metal mesh of the ground plane 1 may in particular be made on a flexible transparent substrate or on a rigid transparent substrate already curved in order to fit a conformal surface.
- a metal mesh is for example made of iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tin, indium, zinc, tungsten, platinum, manganese, magnesium, lead, preferably silver, copper, gold or aluminum or alloy of metals chosen according to the electrical conductivity. It typically takes the form of a grid whose ratio between the size of the openings of the grid and the width of the mesh of the mesh defines the level of optical transparency of the ground plane.
- the invention is however not limited to the use of a grid-shaped mesh, other forms being of course conceivable as will be discussed in more detail later in connection with Figures 15a-15d.
- the dimensioning of the mesh is characterized by its pitch (or periodicity) and by the width of the metal wires (or by the opening made in the pitch).
- the metal mesh can be obtained by various means.
- the metallic support material may thus consist of a metal foil (foil) or a thin metal layer deposited on an inorganic transparent substrate (glass) or organic (plexiglass, polymethylpentene, polycarbonate, BCB, ). It should be noted that the use of low loss flexible polymer substrates facilitates the transfer of the antenna to the appropriate supports (window, showcase, vehicle windshield, etc.).
- the metal deposition can be carried out physically (PVD), for example by spraying, evaporation under vacuum, laser ablation, etc.
- the metal deposition can also be achieved by other ways, for example chemical deposition (silver plating, copper plating, gilding, aluminide, tin plating, nickel plating, ...), by screen printing, by electrolytic deposition, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD , PECVD, OMCVD, etc.), etc.
- the openings of the metal mesh in the sheet or metal film can be made by standard photolithography from a photomask or mask transferred by laser writing on a reserve and the associated chemical etching, or by tampongraphy followed by a chemical etching , or by ion etching through a mask.
- the mesh can also be directly produced by screen printing through a screen ("screen printing" according to the English terminology), by jet printing of a conductive ink (and annealing associated), by electroforming, by direct writing via the laser beam decomposition of an organometallic, etc.
- the optically transparent dielectric substrate 3 is for example glass or plexiglass.
- FIG. 1 also shows a single radiating element 2 in the form of a square conductive plate, on the ⁇ / 2 side, where ⁇ represents the wavelength guided on the dielectric substrate and which corresponds to the frequency of main radiation of the antenna.
- the invention is however not limited to a radiation plane consisting of a single square radiating element, but of course extends to other forms of radiating element as well as to radiation planes consisting of a plurality of radiating elements, and in particular to radiation planes having one or more arrays of radiating elements.
- the radiating element or elements of the radiation plane are themselves optically transparent. They are then for example also constituted by a metal mesh.
- the electromagnetic activity at the ground plane of the antenna is not homogeneous over its entire surface. Indeed, the areas remote from the radiating elements have a reduced activity. In these areas, the ground plane does not need electromagnetic shielding as important (high conductance that is to say a low resistance) that at the level of the radiating elements.
- FIG. 2 shows a modeling of the electromagnetic activity of the fields at the level of the ground plane. It can be seen that this activity is effectively concentrated under and at the edge of the radiating patch 2.
- the invention proposes to locate the areas where the electromagnetic activity is more or less important and to match the transparent mesh. the most appropriate for each of these areas.
- the invention more specifically proposes that the dimensioning of the ground plane mesh is not uniform over the entire surface of the ground plane and that it presents at a first region of the ground plane opposite the ground plane. a region of the radiation plane generating a strong electromagnetic activity, a first constricted dimensioning of the mesh.
- the mesh of the ground plane is further progressively aerate in the vicinity of said first region to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning of the mesh, at a second region of the plane of mass facing a region of the radiation plane generating low electromagnetic activity.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion 4 of the metal grid forming the ground plane facing a portion of the lower left corner of the square patch 2.
- the metal grid of the ground plane has a first region 5 located under the patch and in the immediate vicinity thereof, where the current intensities are the most important.
- the mesh is tightened (first dimensioning of the mesh) to ensure good conductance. Optical transparency is reduced.
- the first dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at most 70% (without taking into account losses of Fresnel).
- the mesh progressively clears to gain transparency until reaching a second dimensioning of the mesh, wider than the first dimensioning of the mesh, at a second region 7 of the mass plane. in relation to a region of the radiation plane generating low electromagnetic activity.
- the second dimensioning of the mesh ensures a level of transparency of at least 90% (without taking into account Fresnel losses).
- FIG. 2 thus shows an intermediate region 6 interposed between the first 5 and the second region 7 of the ground plane, said intermediate region having an intermediate mesh size between the first and the second dimensioning of the mesh.
- the level of transparency provided by this intermediate region is for example of the order of 80% (without taking into account Fresnel losses).
- the invention is however not limited to a single intermediate region, but also extends to the case where a plurality of intermediate regions is interposed between the first and the second region, the intermediate regions having greater transparency as the we move away from the first region.
- the design technique described above for varying the dimensioning of the mesh mainly applies to the mesh ground plane since the radiating elements and the power supply network (microstrip lines or microstrip) necessarily require a significant level of conductance because it is on them that concentrates the strongest electromagnetic activity.
- the progressive variation of the conductance and the transparency of the ground plane in accordance with the invention is not limited to the regions with respect to a radiating element but is also intended to apply in areas with high heat dissipation due to the presence of high power levels especially at the entrance of the antenna and in the first stage of tree power supply network. If necessary, some areas of the ground plane and / or sections of micro-ribbon lines may have a very tight metal mesh or even be devoid of metal mesh and therefore be 100% opaque.
- the feed line may be a triplate line comprising a conductive line sandwiched between two plane planes triplate line.
- Wave radiation slots may further be provided in one of the triplate line ground planes so as to be positioned below the radiating elements to provide electromagnetic coupling.
- the first region extends under the patch and in the immediate border thereof.
- the first region thus corresponds to a region wider than the patch, corresponding generally to the physical size of the patch and to a region of contour corresponding to a region of overflow of the fields (of the order of twice the thickness of the substrate, ie of the order of 4 mm in the field of application of the invention).
- the variation in the size of the mesh of the ground plane is carried out in several regions of the ground plane, in order to make a region of high conductance correspond with respect to each radiating element.
- the radiating elements are located close to each other, and are not separated by a distance greater than that, typically 4 mm, of the overflow of the fields.
- a first region 8 of the high conductance ground plane is not localized with respect to a single radiating element, but extends in to a plurality of radiating elements which together define a region of high electromagnetic activity.
- FIG. 3 also shows a region 9 inside the first region 8. This region 9 is sufficiently distant from the radiating elements to make it possible to carry out at the level of the ground plane a progressive decrease. level of conduct, and thereby increase the level of transparency.
- the dimensioning of the mesh of the radiating elements corresponds to the first constricted dimensioning of the mesh of the first region of the ground plane and that the metal meshes the first region of the ground plane and the radiating element (s) are perfectly aligned. At the very least, it is intended to optimize the transparency according to the third embodiment of the invention set out below.
- microstrip feed line microwavestrip meshed to weight a supply network. It will be understood that such a weighting can be implemented independently of the variation of the mesh size of the ground plane described previously.
- the weighting is performed by modifying the impedance microstrip power lines so that the different elements radiating along the line do not receive the same level of power.
- Transformers are more precisely provided with transformation ratios corresponding to the progressive attenuations that one wishes to obtain.
- Transformers are typically quarter-wave or half-wave transformers; they may also be transformers with so-called progressive laws (eg exponential or logarithmic laws).
- FIG. 4 shows a solid microstrip line 10 comprising two quarter-wave lines of different widths W1 and W2 corresponding to impedances Z1 and Z2, with W1> W2 and therefore Z1 ⁇ Z2. This modifies the microwave characteristics of the transmission line by introducing discontinuities 1 1 line width.
- the transformers produce discontinuities 1 1 on the supply line which generate parasitic radiation 12 partly responsible for the significant levels of cross-component in the plane H of the printed antenna radiation pattern (at about -10 dB ).
- the supply line 13 consists of a metal mesh having a constant width W1 and a transparency level T1 corresponding to losses a1.
- FIG. 6 shows a feed line 14 constituted by a metal mesh having a constant width W2 and a level of transparency T2 corresponding to losses a2.
- W1 W2
- lines 13 and 14 have the same characteristic impedance, but different attenuation levels a1 and a2.
- One or the other of these lines may be chosen according to the intended application.
- the dimensioning of the mesh of the supply lines 15, 16 (constituted by a metal mesh of constant width) is not uniform on the along the line.
- the width of the feed line 16 is maintained between two consecutive radiators 17-20 along the line, and the pitch and / or the opening of the mesh increases at least one along the line so that the line brings less power to the radiating element at the end of line 20 than the radiating element at the beginning of line 17.
- the various radiating elements 17 -20 have a weighting of their feed level 1 respectively; 0.9; 0.7 and 0.5. It is of course possible to maintain the same mesh size at one or more radiating elements, so as not to cause differences in the weighting of the supply between two or more radiating elements.
- this second embodiment can be implemented regardless of the variation of the sizing of the ground plane.
- the directional role of the transparent printed antenna passes by the reduction of parasitic radiation, especially on the back plane. But the edges of the antenna are responsible for the radiation of the back face to the extent that they generate a diffractive radiation.
- the discontinuities in the mesh at the edge of the antenna typically at ⁇ / 4 of the edges of the ground plane (where ⁇ represents the wavelength guided on the dielectric substrate and which corresponds to the frequency of main radiation of the antenna), the discontinuities gradually increasing (in number and dimension) as one approaches the edges of the antenna.
- progressive discontinuities D generated in a grid of pitches 100 ⁇ and of type 90/10 (square opening of 90 ⁇ of side with a wire width of 10 ⁇ ) along respectively edges connecting the nodes of the mesh, in the X direction ( Figure 9a), the Y direction ( Figure 9b) or in the X and Y directions ( Figure 9c).
- FIG. 10 shows progressive discontinuities D generated in a mesh of the 90/10 type at the nodes of the mesh.
- FIG. 11 shows a limit case in which the discontinuities D are of an amplitude such that they generate a gradual increase in the mesh size (constant wire width) at the edge of the antenna.
- the resistance per square increases and consequently the metal losses too.
- the resistance per square is defined as the resistivity of the metal film related to its thickness.
- the ground plane at the edge of the antenna can thus have a very high mesh pitch (for example 1600 ⁇ of 1590/10 type: the resistance per square will be multiplied by a factor of 16 compared to a traditional mesh of type 90 / 10 at constant metallization thickness).
- the optical transparency of the ground plane will be improved on its edges. It is also possible to limit the rear radiation by combining the different examples of discontinuities D shown in Figures 9a-9c, 10 and 1 1.
- OTC transparent and conductive oxide film
- metal / ... multilayer full or mesh
- this third embodiment can be implemented independently of the variation in the size of the mesh of the ground plane.
- FIG. 12a shows a portion of the mesh of the active face of the 90/10 type: 100 ⁇ step with a line width of 10 ⁇ and an aperture 90 ⁇ .
- the optical transparency T of the active face is equal to 75% taking into account Fresnel losses.
- FIG. 12b shows a part of the mesh of the ground plane of the type
- FIG. 13a shows a 45 ° alignment of the mesh of the active face with respect to that of the ground plane.
- FIG. 13b shows an imperfect alignment, with a misalignment of 2 ° of the mesh of the active face relative to that of the ground plane. There is a slight reduction in the optical transparency of the antenna (T ⁇ 75%), but also the appearance of Moiré figures that will limit the visual discretion of the antennas.
- FIG. 14a shows the ideal case of a perfect alignment between the active face and the ground plane (the mesh used on the two metallized faces is identical, of the 90/10 type).
- FIG. 14b shows a perfect alignment between the active face and the ground plane with a different mesh pitch (active mesh face 90/10 and mesh ground plane 190/10).
- FIG. 14c shows a perfect alignment between an active face of square mesh type 90/10 and a ground plane of rectangular mesh of type 190/10 along axis X and type 90/10 along the axis Y.
- the square resistance of the ground plane is identical to that of the active face if the current lines propagate in the X direction (constant metallization thickness) while the resistance per square of the ground plane is doubled compared to that of the active face if the current lines propagate in the Y direction (constant metallization thickness). In case of propagation of the isotropic current in the ground plane, its apparent square resistance will be a convolution of the 2 previous results.
- FIG. 14 d shows a perfect alignment between the active face (mesh 90/10) and the ground plane (mesh 95/5) with different wire widths.
- a misalignment of the ground plane of ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ along the X and / or Y directions relative to the active face will not alter the optical transparency of the antenna.
- FIG. 14e shows a perfect alignment between the active face and the ground plane with a different mesh pitch and different wire widths (active mesh face 90/10 and mesh ground plane 195/5).
- the square resistance of the ground plane is quadrupled with respect to that of the active face (constant metallization thickness).
- a misalignment of the ground plane of ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ along the X and / or Y directions relative to the active face will not alter the optical transparency of the antenna.
- FIG. 14f shows a perfect alignment between the active face (square mesh) and the ground plane (rectangular mesh) with a different mesh pitch and different wire widths (active face of mesh 90/10 and plane of mesh mass 195/5 according to X and 95/5 according to Y).
- the square resistance of the ground plane is doubled over that of the active face if the current lines propagate in the X direction (constant metallization thickness).
- the square resistance of the ground plane is quadrupled with respect to that of the active face if the current lines propagate in the Y direction (constant metallization thickness).
- its resistance by apparent square will be a convolution of the 2 previous results.
- a misalignment of the ground plane of ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ along the X and / or Y directions relative to the active face will not alter the optical transparency of the antenna.
- FIGS. 15a-15d represent in this respect various examples of meshing of the metal parts of the transparent antenna:
- FIG. 15a circular mesh with opening of diameter 90 ⁇ and not 100 ⁇ ;
- This surface treatment can be carried out directly, for example by chemical nickel plating, or by chemical tinning of the mesh previously produced.
- the surface treatment can also be carried out by sulphidation or oxidation of the previously made metal mesh.
- silver sulfide Ag 2 S and copper oxide CuO are black and electrically conductive.
- Improvements can also be made in the protection of antennas against external aggression (mechanical and chemical aggression). Indeed, for example, silver, copper, gold or aluminum are ductile metals and therefore very sensitive to scratching.
- a transparent polymer film or transparent resin deposited on the surface of the mesh ensures its protection.
- the deposition of an oxide belonging to the family of OTC (Transparent Oxides and Conductors), like ITO, Sn0 2 , ... not only protects the mesh but also to improve the overall conductance of the metallization.
- the deposition of a transparent and conductive resin, such as polyaniline, can also be achieved.
- the optical transparency of the antenna can also be improved by depositing on its surface an antireflection layer (multilayer formed alternately of high and low index materials). This will compensate for about 8% of Fresnel losses on the front and rear faces at the openings in the mesh. In addition, this antireflection layer also contributes to the protection of the antenna against external aggression.
- An application that will be made of an antenna according to a possible embodiment of the invention relates to transmissions in the band 1710 to 2170 MHz, but the invention is of course in no way limited to this particular range of frequencies.
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1050392A FR2955430A1 (fr) | 2010-01-21 | 2010-01-21 | Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille |
| PCT/EP2011/050828 WO2011089219A1 (fr) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2526589A1 true EP2526589A1 (fr) | 2012-11-28 |
| EP2526589B1 EP2526589B1 (fr) | 2014-11-12 |
Family
ID=42974787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11700458.0A Active EP2526589B1 (fr) | 2010-01-21 | 2011-01-21 | Antenne imprimee optiquement transparente a plan de masse maille |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2526589B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2955430A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011089219A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220328955A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-10-13 | Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd. | Antenna device |
| US12272860B2 (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2025-04-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Antenna device based on transparent substrate and method of configuring antenna device |
| US12286236B2 (en) | 2022-02-04 | 2025-04-29 | L3Harris Global Communications, Inc. | Systems and methods for precise vehicle locator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2993102B1 (fr) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-08-08 | Bouygues Telecom Sa | Systeme antennaire optiquement transparent avec une structure rayonnante interchangeable |
| EP2833474A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-04 | Bouygues Telecom | Ensemble antenne à panneau optiquement transparent comprenant un réflecteur conformé |
| EP2887454A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Alcatel- Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd | Système d'antennes panneau à impact visuel réduit |
| CN106547382A (zh) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | 介面光电股份有限公司 | 具天线的触控面板及触控显示装置 |
| KR101962822B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-03-27 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 필름 안테나 및 이를 포함하는 디스플레이 장치 |
| CN109638433A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-16 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | 一种低剖面引信天线 |
| JP7587758B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2024-11-21 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 配線基板および配線基板の製造方法 |
| CN113939956A (zh) | 2019-06-12 | 2022-01-14 | 3M创新有限公司 | 透明天线叠堆和组件 |
| US11955708B2 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2024-04-09 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Electronic device equipped with transparent antenna |
| KR102756487B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2025-01-21 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 무선 주파수 소자 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치 |
| KR102776232B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-31 | 2025-03-07 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 무선 주파수 소자 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치 |
| TWI818257B (zh) | 2021-05-07 | 2023-10-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 透明天線及其製作方法 |
| JP7848859B2 (ja) * | 2022-03-08 | 2026-04-21 | Agc株式会社 | アンテナユニット及び窓ガラス |
| US12249758B2 (en) | 2022-03-24 | 2025-03-11 | L3Harris Global Communications, Inc. | Multi-purpose accessory system for wireless communication device |
| CN116014433A (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-04-25 | 安徽精卓光显技术有限责任公司 | 一种5g高增益透明微基站天线 |
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| GB9808042D0 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1998-06-17 | Harada Ind Europ Limited | Patch antenna |
| US6933891B2 (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2005-08-23 | Calamp Corp. | High-efficiency transparent microwave antennas |
| JP3964435B2 (ja) | 2005-04-20 | 2007-08-22 | 日本無線株式会社 | グリッドパッチアンテナ |
| JP4853329B2 (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2012-01-11 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 電波反射板及びアンテナ |
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2010
- 2010-01-21 FR FR1050392A patent/FR2955430A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-01-21 EP EP11700458.0A patent/EP2526589B1/fr active Active
- 2011-01-21 WO PCT/EP2011/050828 patent/WO2011089219A1/fr not_active Ceased
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220328955A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-10-13 | Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd. | Antenna device |
| US12107323B2 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-10-01 | Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd. | Antenna device |
| US12286236B2 (en) | 2022-02-04 | 2025-04-29 | L3Harris Global Communications, Inc. | Systems and methods for precise vehicle locator |
| US12272860B2 (en) | 2022-12-29 | 2025-04-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Antenna device based on transparent substrate and method of configuring antenna device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011089219A1 (fr) | 2011-07-28 |
| FR2955430A1 (fr) | 2011-07-22 |
| EP2526589B1 (fr) | 2014-11-12 |
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