EP2525371A1 - Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio - Google Patents

Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2525371A1
EP2525371A1 EP11305613A EP11305613A EP2525371A1 EP 2525371 A1 EP2525371 A1 EP 2525371A1 EP 11305613 A EP11305613 A EP 11305613A EP 11305613 A EP11305613 A EP 11305613A EP 2525371 A1 EP2525371 A1 EP 2525371A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
electrical conductor
cab4
cab3
tubular electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11305613A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ekkehard Schomburg
Michael Kammer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP11305613A priority Critical patent/EP2525371A1/fr
Publication of EP2525371A1 publication Critical patent/EP2525371A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electric lines and more particularly of cables for transmitting radio frequency signals.
  • Cables such as coaxial cables for transmitting radio frequency signals are used for example to connect transmitters or receivers of a base station of a radio communication system with external antennas.
  • Such cables must provide a low attenuation for the radio frequency signals to allow for a high energy efficiency of the base station and must provide sufficient mechanical stability for outdoor use.
  • the attenuation of the cable is given by cross-sectional dimensions of the cable, by a conductivity of a material used as a conductor of the cable and by an attenuation loss of a dielectric medium applied within the cable.
  • a conductivity of a material used as a conductor of the cable and by an attenuation loss of a dielectric medium applied within the cable.
  • highly conductive materials such as copper or silver are applied to keep the attenuation losses within the conductor as small as possible.
  • Such highly conductive materials are costly and are based on limited natural resources.
  • An inner structure of a cable effects manufacturing costs and effects mechanical stability of the cable.
  • the object is achieved by a cable for transmitting radio frequency signals above a minimum transmission frequency.
  • the cable comprises at least one tubular electrical conductor.
  • a thickness of the at least one tubular electrical conductor perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the cable is adapted to an order of magnitude of the depth of the skin effect of the minimum transmission frequency.
  • the cable further comprises means for reducing mechanical forces acting on the at least one tubular electrical conductor.
  • the cable may be for example a coaxial cable and the at least one tubular electrical conductor may be an inner conductor and/or an outer conductor of the coaxial cable.
  • the order of magnitude and thereby the thickness of the at least one tubular electrical conductor is between 2 times and 10 times the depth of the skin effect and with a thickness in a range between 10 and 100 micrometer. More preferably, the thickness is between 10 and 20 micrometer.
  • the invention provides a benefit of requiring less material for the at least one tubular electrical conductor in comparison to a conventional coaxial cable having a thickness of 0.2 mm for the outer conductor and a thickness of 0.5 mm for the inner conductor by maintaining mechanical properties of the conventional cable such as a specific so-called crush resistance or a specific bending resistance depending on the operating conditions.
  • This reduces manufacturing costs for the cable due to the high costs for highly conductive materials.
  • an overall weight of the cable can be reduced making an installation of the cable easier.
  • natural resources of metallic elements can be saved.
  • the means for reducing mechanical forces on the at least one tubular electrical conductor may comprise for example by one or several support layers, which are located directly adjacent to the at least one tubular electrical conductor.
  • the at least one support layer may be for example a cable jacket, a layer between the at least one tubular electrical conductor or a material located within the at least one tubular electrical conductor.
  • the at least one support layer may be for example an elastic layer such as a dielectric foam. This allows maintaining a cross section of the tubular electrical conductor even if the cable is bent by a swelling effect of the elastic layer, which presses the tubular electrical conductor to a further layer of the cable such as a dielectric layer or a cable jacket.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces on the at least one tubular electrical conductor may comprise a surface of the at least one electrical conductor with a first embossed pattern such as a first corrugation or a first ribbing.
  • the first embossed pattern has the effect, that the tubular electrical conductor comprises an expansion component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • the expansion component can be used to prolong the tubular electrical conductor on the side of the cable, which is on the opposite side to a direction of a bending of the cable. Thereby, the crush resistance and a flexibility of the cable can be increased.
  • a surface of the at least one support layer facing towards the at least one tubular electrical conductor comprises a second embossed pattern such as a second corrugation or a second ribbing. Similar to the first embossed pattern, the second embossed pattern has the effect, that the support layer comprises an expansion component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cable.
  • the expansion component can be used to prolong the support layer on the side of the cable, which is on the opposite side to a direction of a bending of the cable. Thereby, mechanical forces in a longitudinal direction of the cable affecting the support layer can be reduced and also the crush resistance and the flexibility of the cable can be increased.
  • the first embossed pattern fits to the second embossed pattern.
  • the equal geometrical shapes of the surfaces of the tubular electrical conductor and the support layer allows obtaining a contact between the tubular electrical conductor and the support layer across a whole length of the cable. Furthermore, similar to plane surfaces of the tubular electrical conductor and the support layer in a longitudinal direction of the cable, it can be avoided, that the thin layer of the at least one tubular electrical conductor obtains irreversible sharp bendings such as folds or kinks, if for example the cable must be installed with a bending. In addition, a change of or a deviation from the circular geometrical form of the cross section of the tubular electrical conductor can be avoided or at least largely limited. Thereby, the above mentioned unfavourable electrical effects with respect to the transmitted radio frequency signals can be avoided.
  • the tubular electrical conductor is a surface coating such as a metal coating on the at least one support layer.
  • the at least one tubular electrical conductor is a foil of a material such as copper, silver or copper plated aluminium.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically an electrical cable CAB1, which comprises an inner tubular electrical conductor IC, a first insulating layer DM1 surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor IC, an outer tubular electrical conductor OC surrounding the first insulating layer DM1 and a cable jacket CJ surrounding the outer tubular electrical conductor OC.
  • the cable jacket CJ is for example a plastic sheath such as polyethylene (PE) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the first insulating layer DM1 may be for example a solid dielectric such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyethylene or a dielectric foam such as a polyethylene foam.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • dielectric foam such as a polyethylene foam.
  • the electrical cable may comprise a single tubular electrical conductor, an insulating layer surrounding the tubular electrical conductor and a cable jacket surrounding the insulating layer.
  • the electrical cable may comprise more than two tubular electrical conductors.
  • the electrical cable may comprise an inner tubular electrical conductor, a first insulating layer surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor, a first outer tubular electrical conductor surrounding the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer surrounding the first outer tubular electrical conductor, a second outer tubular electrical conductor surrounding the second insulating layer and a cable jacket surrounding the second outer tubular electrical conductor OC.
  • a cable is well-known as a triaxial cable.
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC may have a form of a pipe with a flat surface (see Figure 1 ).
  • the outer tubular electrical conductor OC may also have a form of a pipe with a corrugated surface (see Figure 1 ).
  • the pipe can be made as a seamlessly drawn tube or formed and welded from metal strips.
  • a material of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC may be a conductive material such as copper, silver or gold.
  • a material of the outer tubular electrical conductor OC may be a conductive material such as copper, silver, gold or aluminium.
  • the cable CAB1 may be used for example for transmitting radio frequency signals via one or two jumper cables and a feeder cable between a transceiver of a base station of a radio communication system and an antenna system of the base station.
  • a thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC perpendicular to a longitudinal axis LA of the cable CAB1 is adapted to an order of magnitude of the depth of the skin effect of a minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MIN of the radio frequency signals to be transmitted over the cable CAB1.
  • AC alternating electric current
  • the thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC is designed for the minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MiN and the cable CAB1 is able to transmit all radio frequency signals with a frequency equal to or above the minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MIN without perceptible attenuation. For radio frequency signals with a frequency below the minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MIN transmission losses will increase with decreasing frequency.
  • the thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC may be also adapted to the resistivity and the permeability of the conductor material and with respect to the minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MIN .
  • the minimum transmission frequency ⁇ MIN of the radio frequency signals may be in a range between 100 MHz to 10 GHz.
  • the order of magnitude of the depth of the skin effect may be in a range between 2 times to 10 times the depth of the skin effect.
  • a thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC of 2 times the depth of the skin effect may be used in short cables (e.g. length of the cable up to 5 m), a thickness of 5 times the depth of the skin effect may be used in mid-length cables (e.g. length of the cable between 5 m and 20 m), and a thickness of 10 times the depth of the skin effect may be used in longer cables (e.g. length of the cable equal to or above 20 m).
  • the thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC may be in a range between 10 and 100 micrometer, and the thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC preferably depends on a length of the cable CAB1 and/or on operating conditions of the cable CAB1 such as indoor use or outdoor use (e.g. wind action on the cable CAB1) or protecting the cable CAB1 by a cable channel in comparison to hauling the cable CAB1 in a free space.
  • the thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC is in a range between 10 micrometer and 50 micrometer and even more preferably in a range between 10 micrometer and 20 micrometer.
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC is for example a thin foil.
  • the cable CAB1 further comprises means for reducing mechanical forces acting on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces are provided according to the embodiment of Figure 1 by a second cylindrical insulating layer DM2 located within the inner tubular electrical conductor IC and filling as a bulk material a hollow space of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC.
  • the second insulating layer DM2 is in direct contact to the inner tubular electrical conductor IC across the whole inner surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC.
  • the second insulating layer DM2 acts as a support layer for the inner tubular electrical conductor IC.
  • the second insulating layer DM2 is an elastic layer. More preferably, a material of the elastic layer comprises a dielectric foam such as a polyethylene foam.
  • Figure 1 an image section IS of the transition between the second insulating layer DM2, the inner tubular electrical conductor IC and the first insulating layer DM1 is highlighted.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show further alternatives for the transition between the second insulating layer DM2, the inner tubular electrical conductor IC and the first insulating layer DM1 according to further embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 2a shows schematically an inner part of an electrical cable CAB2 in a cross sectional view, which comprises an inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 and a first insulating layer DM1-1 surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • the first insulating layer DM1-1 may be for example a solid dielectric such as PTFE, PE or a dielectric foam such as a polyethylene foam.
  • a thickness of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 is preferably in a range between 50 micrometer and 100 micrometer.
  • the electrical cable CAB2 further comprises a second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-1 as a bulk material surrounded by the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 for reducing the mechanical forces on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • the second insulating layer DM2-1 is an elastic layer and comprises a material as a dielectric foam or a polyethylene foam.
  • the electrical cable CAB2 may be a cable with a single electrical conductor, with two electrical conductors for example equally to a coaxial cable, with three electrical conductors for example equally to a triaxial cable or with more than three electrical conductors.
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 is for example a thin foil.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces according to the embodiment of Figure 2a are further provided by a first embossed pattern of a surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • the first embossed pattern comprises a first corrugation or a first ribbing with a smoothed wave form EP1 such as a sine wave as shown in Figure 2b i).
  • Wave toughs of the first corrugation are preferably in contact to a surface of the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-1 and wave crests of the first corrugation are preferably in contact to an inner surface of the first insulating layer DM1 -1.
  • a distance between the wave toughs and the wave crests may be in a range between 0.5% and 5% of the cable diameter.
  • a periodicity of the waves of the wave form may be in a range between 1 % and 20% of the cable diameter.
  • the electrical cable CAB2 may comprise the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 with a triangle wave form EP2 (see Figure 2b ii)) or with a wave form of an isosceles trapezium EP3 (see Figure 2b iii)).
  • Figure 3 shows schematically an inner part of an electrical cable CAB3 in a cross sectional view, which comprises an inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 and the first insulating layer DM1-1 surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2.
  • the electrical cable CAB3 further comprises a second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 as a bulk material and surrounded by the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 for reducing the mechanical forces on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2.
  • the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 is an elastic layer and comprises a material as a dielectric foam or a polyethylene foam.
  • the electrical cable CAB3 may be a cable with a single electrical conductor, with two electrical conductors for example equally to a coaxial cable, with three electrical conductors for example equally to a triaxial cable or with more than three electrical conductors.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces according to the embodiment of Figure 3 are further provided by a first embossed pattern of a surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 with one of the alternative wave forms EP1, EP2, EP3 as discussed according to the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • a surface of the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 facing towards the inner tubular electrical conductors IC-2 comprises a second embossed pattern.
  • the second embossed pattern of the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 preferably fits to the first embossed pattern of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 by having an equal form. This means, that the inner surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 is preferably in direct contact to the lateral surface of the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 across a whole length of the electrical cable CAB3.
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 is for example a thin foil.
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 is a surface coating on the lateral surface of the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 produced for example by sputter deposition or physical vapour deposition.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically an inner part of an electrical cable CAB4 in a cross sectional view, which comprises the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 and a first insulating layer DM1-2 surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2.
  • the first insulating layer DM1-2 may be for example a solid dielectric such as PTFE, PE or a dielectric foam such as a polyethylene foam.
  • the electrical cable CAB4 further comprises the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-2 as a bulk material and surrounded by the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 for reducing the mechanical forces on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2.
  • the electrical cable CAB4 may be a cable with a single electrical conductor, with two electrical conductors for example equally to a coaxial cable, with three electrical conductors for example equally to a triaxial cable or with more than three electrical conductors.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces according to the embodiment of Figure 4 are further provided by a first embossed pattern of a surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 with one of the alternative wave forms EP1, EP2, EP3 as discussed according to the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • a surface of the first insulating layer DM1 -2 facing towards the inner tubular electrical conductors IC-2 comprises a third embossed pattern.
  • the third embossed pattern of the first insulating layer DM1-2 preferably fits to the first embossed pattern of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 by having an equal form EP1, EP2, EP3.
  • EP1, EP2, EP3 the outer surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2 is preferably in direct contact to the lateral inner surface of the first insulating layer DM1-2 over a whole length of the electrical cable CAB4 for further reducing the mechanical forces on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-2.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically an inner part of an electrical cable CAB5 in a cross sectional view, which comprises the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 and the first insulating layer DM1 -1 surrounding the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • the electrical cable CAB5 may be a cable with a single electrical conductor, with two electrical conductors for example equally to a coaxial cable, with three electrical conductors for example equally to a triaxial cable or with more than three electrical conductors.
  • the electrical cable CAB5 further comprises a second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-3 surrounded by the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 for reducing the mechanical forces on the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1.
  • the cylindrical insulating layer DM2-3 is a tube with a hollow space HS inside the tube.
  • a thickness T-DM2-4 of the tube may be in a range between 2 - 12 % of the cable diameter.
  • a material of the tube may be an elastic material such as a polyethylene foam.
  • the means for reducing the mechanical forces according to the embodiment of Figure 5 may be further provided by the first embossed pattern of the surface of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 with the one of the alternative wave forms as discussed according to the inner tubular electrical conductors IC-1, IC-1a and IC-1b shown in Figure 2a and 2b .
  • the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 instead of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC-1 the inner tubular electrical conductor IC of Figure 1 with a flat surface in a longitudinal direction of the electrical cable CAB5 and with a circular surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the electrical cable CAB5 may be applied with the first insulating layer DM1-1 and the second cylindrical insulating layer DM2-3 staying in contact to opposite surfaces of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC across a whole length and a whole perimeter of the inner tubular electrical conductor IC.
  • Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 may be also applied to one or several of the outer tubular electrical conductors of the electrical cables CAB3, CAB4.
  • a similar supporting functionality of the second cylindrical insulating layers DM2-2, DM2-3 may be taken over by the first insulating layers DM1-2, DM1-3 and a similar supporting functionality of the first insulating layers DM1-2, DM1-3 may be taken over by the cable jacket CJ.
  • only one or several of the outer tubular electrical conductors of the electrical cables CAB3, CAB4 comprise a thickness perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cable CAB3, CAB4 adapted to an order of magnitude of the depth of the skin effect of the minimum transmission frequency for the which the electrical cable CAB3, CAB4 is to be designed and the cable CAB3, CAB4 only comprises means for reducing the mechanical forces on the one or several of the outer tubular electrical conductors.
  • the cable CAB3, CAB4 may comprise an inner tubular electrical conductor of a well-known type with a well-known thickness of about 0.5 millimeter.

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EP11305613A 2011-05-20 2011-05-20 Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio Withdrawn EP2525371A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11305613A EP2525371A1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2011-05-20 Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11305613A EP2525371A1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2011-05-20 Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio

Publications (1)

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EP2525371A1 true EP2525371A1 (fr) 2012-11-21

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EP11305613A Withdrawn EP2525371A1 (fr) 2011-05-20 2011-05-20 Câble pour la transmission de signaux de fréquence radio

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EP (1) EP2525371A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2986992A4 (fr) * 2013-03-12 2016-12-07 Lindsey Mfg Company Moniteur de ligne de transmission dynamique en temps réel et procédé de surveillance d'une ligne de transmission le mettant en deuvre
US10031889B2 (en) 2010-08-02 2018-07-24 Lindsey Manufacturing Co. Dynamic electric power line monitoring system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2353934A1 (fr) * 1976-06-04 1977-12-30 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore Cables coaxiaux sous-marins extra-souples
US4096458A (en) * 1975-10-25 1978-06-20 Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag High frequency transmission cable
EP0731473A2 (fr) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-11 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES, INC. Conducteur composite comportant des caractéristiques de transmission améliorées de signaux à haute fréquence
US20030111252A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-19 James Krabec Miniature rf coaxial cable with corrugated outer conductor
EP1426980A1 (fr) * 2001-08-22 2004-06-09 NEC Corporation Cable semi-rigide

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4096458A (en) * 1975-10-25 1978-06-20 Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag High frequency transmission cable
FR2353934A1 (fr) * 1976-06-04 1977-12-30 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore Cables coaxiaux sous-marins extra-souples
EP0731473A2 (fr) * 1995-03-06 1996-09-11 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES, INC. Conducteur composite comportant des caractéristiques de transmission améliorées de signaux à haute fréquence
EP1426980A1 (fr) * 2001-08-22 2004-06-09 NEC Corporation Cable semi-rigide
US20030111252A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-19 James Krabec Miniature rf coaxial cable with corrugated outer conductor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10031889B2 (en) 2010-08-02 2018-07-24 Lindsey Manufacturing Co. Dynamic electric power line monitoring system
EP2986992A4 (fr) * 2013-03-12 2016-12-07 Lindsey Mfg Company Moniteur de ligne de transmission dynamique en temps réel et procédé de surveillance d'une ligne de transmission le mettant en deuvre
US9784766B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2017-10-10 Lindsey Manufacturing Company Dynamic real time transmission line monitor and method of monitoring a transmission line using the same

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