EP2520155A1 - Harvesting machine with at least one cross conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

The harvester i.e. self-propelled mower (1), has cross-conveyor units (8, 9) i.e. rakes, for conveying mowed crops along two conveying directions that are directed transversely to a travel direction (F). The cross-conveyor units are adjustable between working and transport positions. The cross-conveyor units have two conveying speeds in two working modes, where one of the conveying speeds is greater than the other conveying speed. The cross-conveyor units pass from the working position to an intermediate position in one of the working modes.

Description

The invention relates to a harvesting machine, in particular a mowing machine, according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

In the EP 1 155 609 B1 Such a mowing device is described, wherein the swath device is pivotable by means of a joint via a vertically movable frame. This document relates to a towed mower with its own chassis.

In addition, for example, from the EP 1 068 791 or the DE 10 2005 051 544 Various mowers already known, these are in particular designed as a self-propelled and mowing the front side arranged mowing units, each of which at least two side mowers are downstream. The side mowers are adjustable, for example, by means of telescopic arms from a folded or raised transport position into a folded-out or down-tilted working position.

The side mower units have windrow units, which are mowed by a windrow mowing the side mowers and transported to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and stored in normal operation together on a single swath.

The front mowers usually comprise simpler cross conveyors or guide disks or the like, which ensure that in the aforementioned case with a single swath the mowed crop of front mowers between the wheels of the self-driver is stored, then in a "normal" or first working mode the side mower or their cross conveyor additionally put down mowed crops such as grass or the like.

In addition, such mowers are already known in agricultural technology as attachments for tractors or the like, which can be fixed to the rear of the so-called three-point hitch on the tractor and raised to get along without impeller. Frequently, such rear mowers have a correspondingly arranged on the front single mower, which also generates centrally along the longitudinal center plane a swath between the wheels of the tractor. The only rear-side mower or the two rear-side mowers in turn each have a cross conveyor with a conveyor belt or the like, put down the crop of / the side mower on the already existing central swath of the front mower.

However, such mowing equipment used in use, whether used in pairs or individually, however, have disadvantages, among other things, in the so-called headland, that is lifting the mower or mowing equipment in an intermediate position, which is arranged between the working and the transport position. For example, in a crossing over an existing, transverse to the direction of travel swath, which must be run over, it may come at a subsequent mowing to a disadvantageous crossing or overlapping or even discarding the already existing swath. Before reaching the cross swath, but while driving generally the mower or the mower are raised to the intermediate position of the headland. As a result, the newly created swath cross or intersect with the already lying on the field Querschwad. However, crossing swaths are of great disadvantage, as they are in the subsequent picking by means of pick-up or loading wagons on the one hand can not be recorded clean and on the other hand this usually leads to problems such as clogging of the loading organs.

In addition, a very small radius of the vehicle is usually taken immediately after triggering the headland process in order to continue as efficiently as possible the editing or mowing of the field. So here often a turning maneuver must be realized, with the subsequent processing gear or mowing in the opposite direction or turned by 180 ° must be continued. For this purpose, very small radii or an immediate, strong steering of the steering are necessary.

Especially with such a strong impact of the steering, while the work unit or the mower merges into the headland position, this leads to the crop with a very small radius or very tight curve is stored. However, such a swath deposited with a narrow curve or radius leads to considerable problems in a subsequent harvesting step or in picking up the crop with a pick-up machine, especially with a loader wagon. The latter often can not drive such narrow radii, so that the windrow must be approached several times.

A separate operation with the loader or even with a separate rake, (hand) rake or the like, however, means an additional workload and additional time or resources that are needed to absorb the crop as completely as possible.

In addition, especially in self-propelled wagons that drive relatively narrow radii, the turf impaired or damaged, since their training wheels this case have to perform a significant lateral movement and thereby "scrape" the turf.

Purpose and advantages of the invention

Object of the present invention, however, is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular, even in special situations, effort and time to merge or harvesting abgeschähtem crop to reduce.

This object is achieved on the basis of harvesting machines of the aforementioned type by the features of claim 1. The measures mentioned in the dependent claims advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are possible.

Accordingly, a harvesting machine according to the invention is characterized in that in the second working mode, the first and / or the second transverse conveyor unit has a second conveying speed, wherein the second conveying speed is greater than the first conveying speed.

With the help of this measure according to the invention it is achieved that the swathing in the second mode or in the headlands or during the transition from the working position to the intermediate position or headlands can be adapted in an advantageous manner even with very different requirements or conditions or situations, such as for example, when crossing or crossing a swath or a swath already present on the field. Thus, even under these conditions, a clearly defined and clearly demarcated and not discarded swath can be generated, especially without the cross swath to be crossed or to be crossed or the swath already present / lying on the field is impaired. This leads to the fact that even under such special conditions or situation prior to harvesting or loading of the crop no additional, separate post-processing of / the swath or no additional effort for a separate step to

Collapse or swathing of the crop is necessary.

By increasing the conveying speed of the (one or both) transverse conveyor unit, it is achieved that the transversely conveyed crop can be defined or stored in a predetermined manner even under special operating conditions or in special working situations, before the transverse swath to be crossed or crossed already reached / lying on the field swath is reached / run over.

Alternatively or in combination for traversing a swath, the invention is particularly advantageous even if, e.g. Immediately after the headland is triggered, the vehicle drives a tight bend with a very small radius. In this case, according to the invention, the crop is carried away so quickly that this is possible already in the field before the steering deflection adversely affects the swathing. Even in this situation, the invention leads to the fact that before harvesting or loading of the crop no additional, separate post-processing of / the swath or no additional effort for a separate step for collapsing or swathing of the crop is necessary.

Thus, it can be stated that, according to the invention, the idling of one or both cross conveyor units is advantageously decisively shortened, so that disadvantages are substantially avoided even in special situations without the vehicle having to reduce its travel speed or even have to stop and wait. Reducing the vehicle speed or even stopping and maintaining the transversal unit (s) would be a relatively inefficient measure or would result in heap formation at the end of the swath or possibly clogging.

So far, only the first working mode was realized in the prior art. According to the invention is as Working mode does not consider the decommissioning set one or both cross-conveyor units, but the working modes of the invention relate to an operation, wherein a conveying speed is present. A put out of service according to the invention is not a working mode, but a sleep mode.

Preferably, in the second mode of operation, the first and / or the second transverse conveyor unit pivots from the working position into an intermediate position or into the so-called headland or has arrived / arranged in this intermediate position. This means that above all the period of time or phase of pivoting or lifting the second, increased conveying speed according to the invention is realized here. This makes it possible in an advantageous manner that, for example, when starting a already lying in the field and aligned transversely to the direction of swath manually by the driver or automatically by means of advantageous sensors or the like, the second mode can be triggered or initiated. Advantageously, the subsidized crop is already stored in the field before the already existing, lying in the field swath is reached or run over in order not to discard this or to cover.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, at least one starting unit is provided for starting and / or triggering the second operating mode and / or the pivoting of the first and / or second transverse conveying unit. On the one hand, the starting of the magnification according to the invention can be manually and / or on the other hand automated or almost automatically controlled or changed by the starting unit and / or a control unit of the starter unit. For example, can be provided as a trigger or initiator for triggering the lifting of a front mower. The second working mode is then automatically triggered in this advantageous case. In this case, then the activation or actuation unit of the front mower is designed as a start unit according to the invention.

In particular embodiments of the invention, the starting unit comprises e.g. at least one sensor unit for detecting an obstacle and / or crop and / or at least one location coordinate of the cross conveyor unit and / or at least one location coordinate of the harvesting machine. For example, an obstacle is a tree, a hedge, a fence, a structure or the like. The crop may well be uncut and / or unharvested, such as on-field crop, e.g. an existing transverse swath or the like. An advantageous sensor or sensor system may, inter alia, as ultrasound and / or infrared and / or radar and / or laser and / or echosounder and / or optical sensor / sensor and / or as an image recording unit such as a camera or a video camera can be formed. Thus, it is conceivable to carry out a comparison of acquired information or images with stored information or data as to whether an obstacle, in particular a transverse swath, is arranged or provided in the direction of travel. With appropriate evaluation of the comparison, an advantageous change or increase in the conveying speed can then be realized according to the invention.

In relation to the detection of a location coordinate, a GPS system or GPS signals or the like can advantageously be used, which comprises, for example, stored information regarding obstacles or the like and / or information relating to crop material generated immediately before or deposited on the field or a pity. This stored information can then be used advantageously for the detection or control of the conveying speed according to the invention. This means, for example, that already when approaching an obstacle or a cross swath, etc., the conveying speed is gradually and / or gradually increased according to the invention. For example, a control unit by means of vehicle speed information as well as distance and / or location coordinate information to calculate the time and / or crossing or crossing the crosswalk or the like, and accordingly the change or the course control or adjust the increase in the conveying speed. Thus, the conveying speed can be increased to the extent that reduces the distance to the obstacle or crop / Querschwad.

Also, the driving speed of the harvester when approaching an obstacle or crop such as a Querschwad be adapted or reduced accordingly.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cross conveyor unit / s least one sensor for detecting the crop to be conveyed or Erntegutstromes on. This can be performed as existing / non-existent detection or also produce differentiated information. For example, an optical, IR or ultrasonic sensor can detect the quantity and, depending thereon, change the conveying speed or increase it according to the invention. So the amount will decrease if no crop is picked up or mowed and this may mean that a Querschwad is approached. Accordingly, the second working mode can be initiated and / or the larger or second conveying speed can be realized.

Advantageously, the second conveying speed is at least 3% or at least 10% or at least 15% greater than the first conveying speed. It has been shown in first experiments that approximately between 3% and about 20% increase in the second conveying speed relative to the first conveying speed, an advantageous adaptation to particular situations or conditions is feasible.

Preferably, the second conveying speed is substantially about 70% or about 80% or about 90% of the maximum conveying speed. The first or "normal" conveying speed is frequently set, for example, essentially to 40% to 50% of the maximum conveying speed, so that according to the invention approximately a doubling of the first is converted to the second conveying speed. This significant acceleration or expansion allows a particularly advantageous swathing.

In a preferred variant of the invention, at least one adjusting unit is provided for adjusting the enlargement according to the invention and / or subsequent retraction or reduction of the conveying speeds. On the one hand, the setting of the degree of enlargement and / or the reduction can be manually and / or otherwise automated or adjusted by a control unit almost automatically controlled or changed.

The starting unit and / or the setting unit are preferably arranged in a driver's cab and / or at a driver's workstation. In this way, the driver can advantageously make the triggering of the second operating mode and / or a change in the setting before or during the work, for example a change in the degree of enlargement and / or the reduction. For example, this can be done continuously or for example in three stages, such as a change in the conveying speed in the first stage by about 5% and in the second stage by about 10% and in the third stage by about 20% and / or it can be an overall increase in the conveying speed on eg Essentially 70% or 80% or 90% of the maximum conveying speed are set or adjusted. Advantageously, a retraction or reduction / reduction of the conveying speed takes place almost automatically by adjusting the transverse conveyor unit / s in the working position. However, a manual reset in the first conveying speed is quite feasible.

Preferably, at least one working unit is provided, which comprises one of the transverse conveyor units and a mower mowing the crop. The transverse conveyor unit is arranged downstream of the mower, which, viewed hot in the direction of travel behind the mower for receiving the just mowed crop educated.

For example, the working unit can be designed such that the transverse conveyor unit, in particular a belt swather, is adjusted vertically in a particular mode of operation in order to realize a mowing without transverse conveying.

Preferably, the harvesting machine according to the invention is designed as an attachment for attachment to a carrier vehicle. On the one hand, this may be a towed implement that has its own running wheel / chassis. For example, the impeller may be used both for road transport and for driving on the field to be worked. Alternatively, an attachment may be provided that is raised during transport, for example by means of the usual three-point hitch. In this variant of the invention, the harvesting machine according to the invention does not need its own impeller, at least for transport.

Alternatively, the harvesting machine according to the invention can also be designed as a self-propelled, that is, this has its own drive motor and drive wheels.

In general, the harvesting machine according to the invention can be designed not only as a mower, but also as other, usable in agriculture in the harvest work machine. For example, also band swather without mower are conceivable. Thus, swathers, in particular rotary windrowers with several rotary rakes, can also have a change in the conveying speeds of the corresponding (right-hand or left-hand) transverse conveyor units or rotors according to the invention.

embodiment

An embodiment is shown in the drawing and will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

Figur 1

eine selbstfahrende Mähmaschine in perspektivischer, schematischer Seitenansicht mit vier erfindungsgemäßen Mähwerken mit zugeordneten Schwadeinheiten in Transportstellung,

Figur 1a

eine selbstfahrende Mähmaschine gemäß Figur 1 in der Frontansicht,

Figur 2a bis 2c

eine schematische Darstellung eines getragenen Anbaugeräts mit zwei erfindungsgemäßen Mähwerken und diesen zugeordneten Schwadeinheiten in drei unterschiedlichen Arbeitsstellungen,

Figur 3

eine schematische Draufsicht auf das Anbaugerät gemäß Figur 2 in Arbeitsstellung,

Figur 4

eine schematische Draufsicht der Mähmaschine gemäß Figur 3 in der Transportstellung,

Figur 5

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Mähmaschine in Arbeitsstellung vor dem Erreichen eines bereits auf dem Feld liegenden Querschwades und

Figur 6

eine schematische Darstellung einer Feldbearbeitung bei einem Querschwad mit einer Mähmaschine gemäß der Erfindung.

In detail show:

FIG. 1

a self-propelled mower in a perspective, schematic side view with four mowers according to the invention with associated windrow units in the transport position,

FIG. 1a

a self-propelled mower according to FIG. 1 in the front view,

FIGS. 2a to 2c

a schematic representation of a supported attachment with two mowers according to the invention and associated swath units in three different working positions,

FIG. 3

a schematic plan view of the attachment according to FIG. 2 in working position,

FIG. 4

a schematic plan view of the mower according to FIG. 3 in the transport position,

FIG. 5

a schematic side view of another mower in working position before reaching an already lying on the field cross swath and

FIG. 6

a schematic representation of a field processing in a Querschwad with a mower according to the invention.

A self-propelled mower 1 according to the FIGS. 1 and 1a comprises, for example, two fold-out front mowers 2, 3 each with a windrowing unit having a swath unit and at least two, in the illustrated transport position retracted side mowers 4, 5. The side mowers 4, 5 are each provided with a swath unit 6, 7. The windrow units 6, 7 comprise Schwadbänder 8, 9, which are pivotally mounted on swing frames 10, 11 on the side mowers 4, 5.

The side mower 4, 5 are rotatably mounted on telescopic arms 12, 13, so that they are in the transport position shown along the direction of travel F and are arranged in the working position as well as the illustrated front mowers 2, 3 transverse to the direction of travel.

The self-propelled mower 1 moves in the working position in the mowing direction F. In the transport position, the mower 1 but moves in the opposite direction of travel A, so that during transport advantageously a cab 14 is arranged in front. By contrast, during the mowing operation, the driver's cab 14 is arranged in the rear region, but can realize a good forward view of the front mowers 2, 3 through the laterally unfolded working units 4, 5, 6, 7.

In FIG. 2 a second embodiment of a mower 1 is shown, which is designed as an attachment for a tractor or the like. The cultivation takes place for example with the standardized three-point hitch, so that the mower 1 according to FIG. 2 For example, at the rear of the tractor during transport in a raised transport position can be transported.

In FIG. 2a is the "normal" working position of the two side mowers 4, 5 and the downstream or associated swath units 6, 7 and Schwadbänder 8, 9 shown in normal working mode. This means that, for example, according to the state of the art, they generally have almost the same conveying speeds during the mowing of the crop and thus are operated in the first operating mode according to the invention.

In FIG. 3 is the working position of the work units according to FIG. 2a shown schematically in plan view. Here it is clear that the Schwadbänder 8, 9 in the direction of travel F behind the side mowers 4, 5 are arranged so that they directly receive the mowed crop and transport in the central region of the longitudinal central surface E along the conveying directions V1 and V2.

FIG. 2b shows a working position, the right working unit or the right side mower 4 is raised together with the right Schwadband 8 and the right swath unit 6 in an intermediate position or in the so-called headland. According to the invention, this is for example the first transverse conveyor 6 and the left working unit or the left mower with the left Schwadband 9 and the left Schwadeinheit 7 is in the mowing position. Thus, for example, the right swath unit 6 according to the invention, the first transverse conveyor unit 6, 8, which has, for example, in this second working mode, a greater conveying speed than the second swath unit 7, 9 in the first working mode.

Preferably, the conveying speed of the first windrow unit 6 is slightly increased or accelerated at the moment of lifting or when the lifting is triggered according to an embodiment of the invention.

In Figure 2c is the position of the two side mowers 4, 5 and the windrow units 6, 7 shown, both units are in the so-called headland, that is, in the raised intermediate position.

According to the invention, the two swath units 6, 7 during and / or after the adjustment of the working position in the headland position according to Figure 2c ) to a greater or second conveying speed than in the working position or in the first working mode. This increase in the conveying speed can also be realized temporarily. This means that the second or increased conveying speed only for a certain or predetermined / adjustable period of time is realized, for example, until the cross conveyor is emptied. This deflated state can be detected in an advantageous manner and advantageously used to reset the conveying speed or to stop or end the transverse conveying.

In FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of the invention with a tractor 22 shown schematically, to which by means of a hitch 21, a mower M is attached or pulled by this. The mower M includes without further illustration in an advantageous manner two side mowers 4, 5, each with a Schwadband 8, 9 roughly comparable to that in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment. That is also here by means of both Schwadbänder 8, 9 transported to the center or to the longitudinal central surface E, the mowed crop. Likewise, a raised headland position or a raised transport position is provided.

In addition, in FIG. 5 an already deposited on the field to be machined 20 Querschwad 17 and an already stored and arranged in the viewing direction in front of the tractor or illustrated swath 19 available. This swath 19 was generated according to the invention. Accordingly, a swath end 18 of the swath 19 is spaced from the transverse swath 17 in an advantageous manner. This was achieved according to the invention in that the conveying speed of the Schwadbänder 8, 9 was increased before reaching or before crossing the cross swath 17, so that the crop to be conveyed was deposited very quickly on the field 20 and not on the Querschwad 17th additionally stored. In addition, the increased conveying speed made it possible to quickly empty the swathing strips 8, 9 in such a way that the crop was already deposited on the field 20 before the transverse swath 17.

In the illustrated variant, a sensor 15 is arranged on the roof of the tractor 22, which can detect an obstacle or crop such as a transverse swath 17 by means of a sensor array 16. For example, this is an optical sensor 15 or a camera or like. With this sensor 15, the transverse swath 17 can be detected in an advantageous manner and the swathing can be controlled or controlled. For example, with the help of the current travel speed and / or location coordinate of the tractor 22, it can be calculated when or where the transverse swath 17 is run over by the mower M.

Accordingly, after possibly detected completion of the mowing of stationary crop by means of advantageous further sensors, the conveying speed of the Schwadbänder 8, 9, e.g. automatically increased and / or the mower M are spent in the headland position, so that the mower M and the Schwadbänder 8, 9 emptied very quickly or before the transverse swath 17 and in particular raised.

In FIG. 6 In addition, a field processing is shown in a transverse swath 17 with a mower 1 according to the invention. When generating a swath 19a that would encounter a transverse swath 17, it can be detected, for example, by the detection / detection of the transverse swath 17 (cf. FIG. 5 ) and / or by the (manually operated) lifting at least one front mower 2, 3 (in the headland position) and / or by the (manually operated) lifting at least one side / rear mower 4, 5 (in the headland position) just before the Querschwad 17, the conveying speed of the front mower 2, 3 and / or the side / rear mower 4, 5 is increased according to the invention. This second conveying speed according to the invention of the front mower 2, 3 and / or the side / rear mower 4, 5 can be carried out advantageously only briefly during the pivoting in / to the headland position or even during the entire time / duration in which the mower , 3, 4, 5 in the headland position or during a headland run 25 (see. FIG. 6 ) located. This means that, during an entire turn W, the transverse conveyor units 8, 9 or conveyor belts 8, 9 according to the invention have or have an increased, second conveying speed.

In addition, in FIG. 6 an advantageous variant of Invention, wherein not only during the entire turn W transverse conveyor units 8, 9 or Schwadbänder 8, 9 according to the invention have the increased second conveying speed or maintained, but alternatively or in combination can according to the invention at the beginning of the mowing process to produce a swath 19b, the increased second conveying speed of the transverse conveyor units 8, 9 or Schwadbänder 8, 9 are provided. With the increased conveying speed is achieved that a Schadanfang 23 or the swath 19b and a swath section 24 is arranged or stored particularly close / close to the transverse swath 17. Thus, a particularly advantageous swathing of all swath 18, 17 is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

mower

2

Frontmähwerk

3

Frontmähwerk

4

side mower

5

side mower

6

swathing

7

swathing

8th

windrowing

9

windrowing

10

swing frame

11

swing frame

12

telescopic boom

13

telescopic boom

14

cabin

15

sensors

16

sensor field

17

Querschwad

18

the swath

19

windrow

20

field

21

hitch

22

tractor

23

Schwadanfang

24

Schwadabschnitt

25

Headland trip

A

Transport direction

D

detection

e

Longitudinal central area

F

Mähfahrtrichtung

M

Mower

V

conveying direction

W

turn

Claims (10)

Harvesting machine, wherein at least one first transverse conveyor unit (8, 9) for conveying mowed crop in a first, transversely to the direction of travel (F) directed conveying direction (V) is provided and / or at least one second transverse conveyor unit (8, 9) for conveying mowed crop in a second, transversely to the direction of travel (F) directed conveying direction (V), which is the first conveying direction (V) at least partially opposite, is provided, wherein the first and / or second cross-conveying unit (8, 9) between a working and a transport position is adjustable, wherein in a first working mode the crop promoting, first and / or second transverse conveyor unit (8, 9) has a first conveying speed, wherein in a second working mode the first and / or second transverse conveyor unit (8, 9) of the Work moves into an intermediate position and / or is arranged, characterized in that in the second working mode, the first and / or the second cross conveyor unit (8, 9) has a second conveying speed, wherein the second conveying speed is greater than the first conveying speed. Harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one starting unit for starting and / or triggering the second operating mode and / or the pivoting of the first and / or second transverse conveyor unit (8, 9) is provided. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the starting unit comprises at least one sensor unit (15) for detecting an obstacle and / or crop (17) and / or at least one location coordinate of the transverse conveyor unit and / or at least one spatial coordinate of the harvester. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor unit (15) for detecting a Erntegutschwades (17, 19) is formed. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second conveying speed is at least 3% greater than the first conveying speed. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second conveying speed is at least 10% greater than the first conveying speed. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second conveying speed is at least 70% of the maximum conveying speed. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a driver's cab (14) and / or a workplace of the driver comprises at least the starting unit. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a working unit (M) comprises at least the first or second transverse conveying unit (8, 9) and a mower (2 to 5) mowing the crop. Harvesting machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is designed as an attachment for attachment to a carrier vehicle (1, 22).

Images