EP2517056A1 - Composite material - Google Patents
Composite materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP2517056A1 EP2517056A1 EP10734484A EP10734484A EP2517056A1 EP 2517056 A1 EP2517056 A1 EP 2517056A1 EP 10734484 A EP10734484 A EP 10734484A EP 10734484 A EP10734484 A EP 10734484A EP 2517056 A1 EP2517056 A1 EP 2517056A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- composite material
- material according
- layers
- stoichiometric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020219 SiOw Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910005091 Si3N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
- G02B5/085—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers at least one of the reflecting layers comprising metal
- G02B5/0858—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers at least one of the reflecting layers comprising metal the reflecting layers comprising a single metallic layer with one or more dielectric layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material with a carrier, to which on one side an optically active multi-layer system is applied, which consists of at least two dielectric and / or oxidic layers, namely an upper layer and a lower, light-absorbing layer.
- Reflectance, absorbency and transmissivity are optical properties that can vary depending on the wavelength of an incident radiation (eg in the ultraviolet range, in the visible light, in the infrared range and in the heat radiation range) for the same material .
- Reflectance, absorbency and transmissivity are optical properties that can vary depending on the wavelength of an incident radiation (eg in the ultraviolet range, in the visible light, in the infrared range and in the heat radiation range) for the same material .
- Concerning the absorption capacity the Kirchhoff's law is known, according to which the degree of absorption is in constant relation to the emissivity at a certain temperature and wavelength.
- the highest possible degree of reflection is required in one wavelength range of the incident radiation and, in other areas, the lowest possible degree of reflection, but a higher degree of absorption is required. This is z.
- a maximum degree of absorption and in the heat radiation above about 2500 nm
- a maximum reflectance is required.
- a measure of this spectral selectivity are the values of the solar absorptance determined according to DIN 5036 (Part 3) (a (AM 1, 5)) and the thermal emissivity ( ⁇ (373 K)).
- Tinox® absorbers for flat-plate collectors are known in which a composite material that meets these requirements is used.
- This material consists of a support made of a copper tape, a layer of titanium oxynitride applied thereto and a covering layer of silicon dioxide.
- EP 1 217 394 A1 further discloses a composite material of the aforementioned type which comprises a support made of aluminum, an intermediate layer on one side of the support and an optically active multi-layer system applied to the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer preferably consists of anodically oxidized or electrolytically shined and anodically oxidized aluminum, which is formed from the carrier material.
- the optically effective multilayer system consists of three layers, the two upper layers being dielectric and / or oxidic layers, and the lowermost layer being a metallic layer applied to the intermediate layer.
- the uppermost layer of the optical multilayer system is a dielectric layer, preferably an oxide, fluoride or nitride layer of chemical composition MeO a, MeF b, MeN c, having a refractive index n ⁇ 1, 8, and the middle layer of the optical multilayer system is a chromium oxide layer of chemical composition CrO z , and the bottom layer of the multilayer optical system consists of gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminum and / or molybdenum, where indices a, b, c and z are stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric in the Oxides, fluorides or nitrides denote.
- the known composite material is characterized by good processability, in particular deformability, high thermal conductivity, and high thermal and chemical long-term stability.
- the finishing operation of this material consists of two different processes, both of which can be operated continuously, namely the production of the intermediate layer in a wet chemical process, collectively referred to as anodizing, involving electrolytic shining and anodic oxidation, and application of the optically active multilayer system in a vacuum.
- DE 10 2006 039 669 A1 discloses a solar-selective coating with higher thermal stability, which can be used for utilization of solar energy, which has a first solar absorber layer of TiAIN deposited on a substrate selected from glass, silicon and a metal the first Absorber layer of a further second solar absorber layer and a third anti-reflection layer of TiAlON or Si3N is superimposed comprises.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a composite Mate al of the type described above with a particular suitability for solar absorber, which is characterized by a simplified production and has a high spectral selectivity.
- the lower, light-absorbing layer contains a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAl q O x and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed nitride TiAlqNy and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride TiAl q O x N y
- the upper layer is an oxide layer of titanium, silicon or tin of the chemical composition TiO z , SiO w or SnO v , the indices q, v, w, x, y and z each denoting a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio.
- the stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratios q, x, y can be in the range 0 ⁇ q and / or x and / or y ⁇ 3, while the values of the indices v, w, z are in the range 1 ⁇ v and / or w and or z ⁇ 2, preferably in the range 1, 9 ⁇ v and / or w and / or z ⁇ 2.
- an intermediate layer on an aluminum support can be located under the optically active multi-layer system, an intermediate layer. If this intermediate layer is on an aluminum support and consists of aluminum oxide, regardless of whether the lower, light-absorbing layer is a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAlqOx and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed nitride TiAl q N y and / or a titanium Aluminum mixed oxynitride TiAlqOxNy contains and whether the upper layer is an oxidic Layer of titanium, silicon or tin of chemical composition TiO z , SiOw or SnO v is attributed to the feature of inventive importance that the thickness of the intermediate layer is not greater than 30 nm.
- the upper layer is a dielectric layer with a refractive index of less than 1.7. However, this can also be higher, such. B. in the case of a tin oxide layer at about 1, 9 or at a titanium dioxide layer at about 2.55 (anatase) or 2.75 (rutile).
- the intermediate layer if it consists of aluminum oxide, has only the extremely small thickness in the inventive range of not more than 30 nm, in particular a thickness in the range of at least 3 nm, preferably a thickness in the range of 15 nm to 25 nm, not only preserves the known effect of the mechanical and corrosion-inhibiting protection for the carrier and ensures a high adhesion for the overlying optical multilayer system, but that the intermediate layer and the carrier itself thereby optically effective.
- the intermediate layer then advantageously has such a high transmittance and the carrier has such a high reflectivity that becomes effective through the transmission of the intermediate layer that the lowest metallic layer of the optical multilayer system known from EP 1 217 394 A1 can be dispensed with without loss of efficiency.
- this eliminates the technological step of applying a layer and, on the other hand, also saves material, in particular on the precious metals gold and silver which are preferably used for the lowest metallic layer and also for the likewise costly molybdenum.
- the optical multilayer system according to the invention is initially - as in the known composite material - applied in an advantageous manner by can be dispensed with environmentally hazardous, sometimes toxic, salt solutions in the production. Likewise, however, it is also possible-as already mentioned-to dispense with the metallic layer of the known optical multilayer system, so that the production outlay is reduced.
- the layers of the optical multilayer system can be sputtered layers, in particular layers produced by reactive sputtering, CVD or PECVD layers or by evaporation, in particular by electron bombardment or thermal sources, so that the entire optical multilayer system consists of vacuum in sequence, in particular in a continuous process, applied layers.
- the lower layer contains chromium oxide of the chemical composition CrO r and / or chromium nitride of the chemical composition CrN s and / or chromium oxynitride of the chemical composition CrO r N s , where the indices r and s each again denote a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio.
- the upper layer may preferably in each case a siliciumoxidische layer of chemical composition SiO w act, where the subscript w also a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio in the oxide composition, respectively.
- the said methods advantageously allow the chemical composition of the layers to be adjusted not only to specific, discrete values with regard to the indices r, s, q, v, w, x, y and z, but the respective stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio within certain boundaries fluent or jump over the layer thickness to vary.
- the refractive index of the reflection-reducing uppermost layer which also causes an increase in the values for mechanical strength (DIN 58196, Part 5)
- the absorption coefficient of the lower layer can be adjusted in a targeted manner, for example with increasing value of the indices x and / or y the absorption capacity decreases.
- a total light reflectance determined on the side of the multilayer optical system in accordance with DIN 5036, Part 3 can be set to a preferred value of less than 5%.
- the composite material according to the invention has by its synergistic combination of properties of the support layer, z. B. their excellent ductility, with which they withstand stresses of the processor in the process of forming processes without problems, z. B. their high thermal conductivity and the ability to an additional absorption tion promoting surface in the solar wavelength range, the other layers then follow in relief, and also as metal - as already stated - has a high reflectivity and thus low emission and the fact into account carries, so that the radiation power is made available as storable heat energy; the lower layer with its high selectivity of the degree of absorption (peak values above 90% in the solar range and above 94% in the presence of titanium-aluminum compounds, minimum values below 15% in the wavelength range> 2500 nm) and their already described modification of the chemical composition and the upper, in particular silicon oxide, layer whose benefits have already been partially referred to above, and in addition to their anti-reflection effect also has a high transmissivity and thereby increases the proportion of absorbable in the lower layer radiation values in the
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view through a composite material according to the invention in a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view through a composite material according to the invention in a second embodiment
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view through a composite material according to the invention in a third embodiment.
- the described embodiments relate to a composite material according to the invention with a high selectivity of the absorption and reflectance in the solar wavelength range and in the region of heat radiation.
- the composite material consists in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of a, in particular deformable, band-shaped carrier 1 made of aluminum, an intermediate layer 2 located on a side A of the carrier 1 and an optically active multilayer system 3 applied to the intermediate layer 2.
- a total light reflectance determined in accordance with DIN 5036, Part 3 is less than 5% on side A of the multilayer optical system 3.
- the composite material may preferably be formed as a coil having a width of up to 1600 mm, preferably 1250 mm, and a thickness D of about 0.1 to 1.5 mm, preferably about 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- the carrier 1 may preferably have a thickness Di of about 0.1 to 0.7 mm.
- the aluminum of the carrier 1 may in particular have a purity higher than 99.0%, whereby its thermal conductivity is promoted.
- the intermediate layer 2 may consist of aluminum oxide, formed in particular by anodic oxidation of the support material, and have a thickness D 2 of not more than 30 nm.
- the multilayer system 3 comprises at least two individual layers 4, 5, preferably only two individual layers 4, 5.
- the upper layer 4 of the multilayer optical system 3 is a silicon oxide layer of chemical composition SiO w . So she has one
- Refractive index of less than 1.7 Refractive index of less than 1.7.
- the lower layer 5 is a light-absorbing layer, which preferably contains a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed nitride and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride of the chemical composition TiAl q O x N y .
- This layer 5 may also contain chromium oxide of the chemical composition CrO r and / or chromium nitride of the chemical composition CrN s and / or chromium oxynitride of the chemical composition CrO r N s .
- the indices r, s, q, x, y in each case denote a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio of the oxidized or nitridic substance to the oxygen in the oxides or in oxynitride or of aluminum to titanium.
- the stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratios may preferably be in the range 0 ⁇ q and / or v and / or x and / or y and / or z ⁇ 3, while the stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio w values in the range 1 ⁇ w ⁇ 2, preferably in the range 1 , 9 ⁇ w ⁇ 2, can assume.
- the two layers 4, 5 of the optical multilayer system 3 can be sputtered layers, in particular layers produced by reactive sputtering, CVD or PECVD layers or layers produced by evaporation, in particular by electron bombardment or from thermal sources, it is possible to to set the ratios q, v, w, x, y, z in a stepped or ungraded manner (thus also to non-stoichiometric values of the indices), whereby the respective layer properties vary and the layers also as gradient layers with increasing and / or decreasing indices q, v, w, x, y, z can be formed.
- the minimum thickness D 2 of the intermediate layer 2 is determined by the technological limits of the method used to produce the intermediate layer 2 and may be 3 nm.
- the thickness D 2 of the intermediate layer 2 is preferably in the range from 15 nm to 25 nm.
- the intermediate layer 2 can also be produced by means of the methods which are preferably used to produce the layers 4, 5 of the multilayer optical system 3.
- the ratio of the oxygen to the aluminum in the layer can then be not only stoichiometric but also stoichiometric.
- the intermediate layer 2 is formed by anodic oxidation or electrolytic glazing and anodic Oyxdation from the substrate, with a naturally present on the aluminum surface oxide layer is removed, high-greasiness, coatability and adhesion of the overlying layers 4, 5 achieved become.
- the upper layer 4 of the optical multilayer system 3 can advantageously have a thickness D of more than 3 nm. At this thickness D, the layer already has a sufficient efficiency, but time, material and energy expenditure take only small values. An upper limit of the layer thickness D is about 500 nm from this point of view.
- An optimum value for the lower layer 5 of the optical multilayer system 3 from the above-mentioned points of view is a minimum thickness D 5 of more than 50 nm, at most about 1 ⁇ m.
- the side B of the band-shaped carrier 1 facing away from the optical multi-layer system 3 can remain uncoated or, like the intermediate layer 2, can consist of, for example, anodically oxidized or electrolytically shined and anodically oxidized aluminum.
- the composite material again has a carrier 1, preferably made of copper or aluminum, on which on one side A an optically effective multi-layer system 3 is applied, which consists exclusively of two dielectric and / or oxidic layers 4, 5, namely an upper layer 4 and a lower, light-absorbing layer 5, consists.
- the lower layer 5 contains - it may also consist exclusively of each - a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAl q O x and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed nitride TiAl q N y and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride TiAlqOxNy.
- the upper layer 4 is an oxide layer of titanium, silicon or tin of the chemical composition TiO z , SiO w or SnO v .
- the indices q, v, w, x, y and z each denote stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric
- the lower layer 5 of the multilayer optical system 3 preferably has a thickness D 5 which lies in the range between 50 nm and 150 nm.
- the thickness D of the upper layer 4 is in the same range as in the first embodiment.
- certain solar Absorbance ( ⁇ (AM 1, 5)) of more than 94 percent and a thermal emissivity ( ⁇ (373 K)) of less than 6 percent can be achieved.
- the two layers 4, 5 of the optical multilayer system 3 may be, as in the first embodiment, layers in which the indices q, v, w, x, y and / or over the respective thickness D, D 5 z change.
- the composite material according to the third embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 3 has the same structure as the second embodiment of the invention with respect to the carrier 1 and the upper layer 4.
- the specific feature of this embodiment consists in that the lower layer 5 of the optical multilayer system 3 consists of at least two partial layers 5a, 5b, of which a partial layer 5a, 5b can be almost free of oxygen or nitrogen.
- the lower layer 5 of the multilayer optical system 3 consists of exactly two partial layers 5a, 5b, the lower partial layer 5b of titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAlqOx and the upper partial layer 5a of titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride
- the lower sub-layer 5b may also have non-oxidic, in particular purely metallic, character in that it consists of a titanium-aluminum alloy.
- the two partial layers 5a, 5b may each preferably have a thickness D 5a , D 5b in the range from 20 nm to 80 nm. Even with such a composite material, it was possible to achieve a solar absorptance (a (AM 1, 5)) of more than 94 percent and a thermal emissivity ( ⁇ (373 K)) of less than 6 percent according to DIN 5036 (Part 3).
- a solar absorptance a (AM 1, 5)
- ⁇ (373 K) thermal emissivity
- the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but also includes all the same means and measures in the context of the invention. If the term "oxidic" is used in the application, it is based on the one hand on an understanding that includes “containing oxygen”, which does not preclude the presence of additional elements. This means for the upper layer 4, that these - for example, based on the silicon - from a Siliciumoxycarbid or -carbox or from a Siliziumoxycarbonitrid or -carb- oxynitride may consist.
- oxidic is also understood as “oxidized” in the sense of increasing the oxidation number compared to the elemental state, so that it is also possible, for example in the context of the invention, that the upper layer 4 alternatively purely fluoride or nitridic Character.
- a titanium-aluminum mixed oxide TiAl q O x and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed nitride TiAlqNy and / or a titanium-aluminum mixed oxynitride TiAl q O x N y contains or contain, so this composition does not exclude that in these ternary or quaternary systems, other elements, in particular carbon, may be present.
- carbon may preferably be contained in a proportion of 0 to 10 atomic%.
- An intermediate layer 2 with optical effectiveness, barrier effect and / or function as adhesion promoter, as necessarily present in the first embodiment of the invention, may optionally also be present in a composite material of the type of the second or the third embodiment.
- the intermediate layer 2 does not necessarily have to consist of aluminum oxide. It can also consist of another, in particular sputtered, metal oxide, for example T1O2.
- the invention does not exclude the presence of additional layers in the layer system, although preferably only the layers described above should be present since they interact optimally synergistically in the sense of solving the problem underlying the invention. In particular, this makes it possible to dispense with the presence of a metallic reflection layer in the optical multilayer system.
- the invention is not limited to the combinations of features defined in claims 1 and 5, but may also be limited by any other combination of features. be defined by definite features of all the individual features disclosed overall. This means that in principle virtually every individual feature of the cited claims can be omitted or replaced by at least one individual feature disclosed elsewhere in the application. In this respect, the claims are to be understood merely as a first formulation attempt for an invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10734484A EP2517056A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-07-16 | Composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09180098.7A EP2336811B1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2009-12-21 | Composite material |
EP10734484A EP2517056A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-07-16 | Composite material |
PCT/EP2010/060328 WO2011076448A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-07-16 | Composite material |
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EP2517056A1 true EP2517056A1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
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EP09180098.7A Active EP2336811B1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2009-12-21 | Composite material |
EP10734484A Withdrawn EP2517056A1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-07-16 | Composite material |
Family Applications Before (1)
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EP09180098.7A Active EP2336811B1 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2009-12-21 | Composite material |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20120270023A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2336811B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20120107090A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102656491B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012017725A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2012006144A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011076448A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201203267B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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CN102534612A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Magnesium alloy surface anticorrosive treatment method and magnesium product thereof |
DE102011107480A1 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-10 | Blue Tec GmbH & Co. KG | Coating of substrate for e.g. preparing light reflective system, involves winding coil in flat beam shape, continuously unwinding, rolling coating film and applying application-specific layer system on substrate by wet-chemical process |
DE202011051927U1 (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-02-11 | Alanod Aluminium-Veredlung Gmbh & Co. Kg | Laser weldable composite material |
EP2838962B1 (en) | 2012-04-19 | 2016-12-14 | Kemijski Institut | Sol-gel based spectrally selective solar absorber coatings and the process for producing said coatings |
DE202012103074U1 (en) | 2012-08-14 | 2013-11-15 | Alanod Gmbh & Co. Kg | composite material |
DE102012112742A1 (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2014-04-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Highly absorbent layer system, method for producing the layer system and suitable sputtering target |
DE102013103679A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-30 | Heraeus Materials Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Light-absorbing layer and the layer-containing layer system, process for its preparation and suitable sputtering target |
DE102015215006A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-18 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Improved multilayer solar selective coating for high temperature solar thermal |
DE102014111935A1 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2016-02-25 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Two-layer coating system with partially absorbing layer and process and sputtering target for the production of this layer |
DE102018101770A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Alanod Gmbh & Co. Kg | Composite material for a solar collector |
CN112526663A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-19 | 浙江大学 | Atomic layer deposition-based absorption film and manufacturing method thereof |
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US5535056A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1996-07-09 | Donnelly Corporation | Method for making elemental semiconductor mirror for vehicles |
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CH690080A5 (en) | 1995-09-12 | 2000-04-14 | Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag | Aluminum reflector with reflexionserhöhendem layer composite. |
US6848797B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2005-02-01 | Alanod Aluminium-Veredelung Gmbh & Co. | Reflector with a resistant surface |
JP3701826B2 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2005-10-05 | 株式会社村上開明堂 | Colored anti-fog mirror |
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AU2003270193A1 (en) * | 2002-09-14 | 2004-04-08 | Schott Ag | Layer system comprising a titanium-aluminium-oxide layer |
JP4063062B2 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2008-03-19 | コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 | Reflector |
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2009
- 2009-12-21 EP EP09180098.7A patent/EP2336811B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-07-16 CN CN201080057274.4A patent/CN102656491B/en active Active
- 2010-07-16 US US13/517,305 patent/US20120270023A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-07-16 KR KR20127015392A patent/KR20120107090A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-07-16 EP EP10734484A patent/EP2517056A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-07-16 WO PCT/EP2010/060328 patent/WO2011076448A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-16 BR BR112012017725A patent/BR112012017725A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-16 MX MX2012006144A patent/MX2012006144A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-05-07 ZA ZA2012/03267A patent/ZA201203267B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See references of WO2011076448A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102656491B (en) | 2015-02-11 |
MX2012006144A (en) | 2012-09-07 |
KR20120107090A (en) | 2012-09-28 |
BR112012017725A2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
US20120270023A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
CN102656491A (en) | 2012-09-05 |
EP2336811A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
EP2336811B1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
ZA201203267B (en) | 2013-01-30 |
WO2011076448A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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