Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
  • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
  • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
  • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
  • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
  • H01M10/445—Methods for charging or discharging in response to gas pressure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
  • H01M50/296—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• Battery housing for holding electrochemical energy storage devices
• the present invention relates to a battery case having a side wall for accommodating electrochemical energy storage devices and a method of operating this battery case.
• the invention will be described in the context of lithium-ion batteries for supplying the drive motor of vehicles. It should be noted that the invention may also be used regardless of the type of battery or regardless of the type of powered drive.
• Batteries are known in the art which comprise a plurality of electrochemical energy storage devices and a battery housing having a rigid sidewall, e.g. EP 1 583 167 A1. Some types of battery cases have in common that their environment is at risk of failure of an electrochemical energy storage device with leakage of the cell contents.
• the invention is therefore based on the object, in particular to prevent the uncontrolled escape of components, including gaseous components, an electrochemical energy storage device from the battery case and thus to increase the safety of the battery. This is achieved according to the invention by the teaching of the independent claims. Preferred developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
• a battery housing is intended to receive at least one electrochemical energy storage device and protect it from external influences, such as e.g. mechanical stresses or UV radiation.
• Such an electrochemical energy storage device has a cell frame. This at least partially surrounds the energy storage device and further forms partially the outer wall of the battery case.
• This battery case also has a housing cover. By means of this, at least one electrochemical energy storage device can be electrically contacted.
• the battery housing has at least one side wall. This forms partially the outer wall of this battery case.
• the rigidity of this sidewall is less than the rigidity of the cell frames. Due to these different stiffnesses, the side wall is deformed elastically or plastically at a pressure difference between the interior of the battery housing and the environment surrounding the battery housing.
• this is at least partially connected in a gastight manner with a cell frame.
• a side wall Under a side wall is a portion of a battery case to understand.
• This side wall is designed to deform under a pressure differential between the battery case interior and the environment surrounding the battery case.
• a pressure difference can occur, in particular, through uncontrolled reactions of the electrochemical energy storage device, for example during a so-called thermal runaway, and the associated increase in pressure in the battery housing interior.
• this side wall increases the surface of the battery case and the volume of the battery case interior.
• These changes preferably favorably influence the pressure difference between the battery housing interior and the environment surrounding the battery housing, ie the pressure in the battery housing interior increases less than would be the case if this side wall did not deform. Due to this lower pressure difference, the mechanical stresses on this battery housing decrease and the safety of the same is increased.
• An electrochemical energy storage device is to be understood as a device which is provided for storing electrical energy.
• An electrochemical energy storage device has at least one electrode stack, a current conductor and an enclosure.
• An electrochemical energy storage device is provided to convert and store electrical energy into chemical energy.
• the electrochemical energy storage device can convert the chemically stored energy back into electrical energy and release.
• such an electrochemical energy storage device is designed as a lithium-ion battery.
• an electrochemical energy storage device has reactive ingredients.
• the wrapper prevents uncontrolled reactions of these ingredients with the environment surrounding the electrochemical energy storage device.
• a cell frame means a component which is in mechanical contact with the envelope of an electrochemical energy storage device.
• the cell frame surrounds the electrochemical energy storage device substantially in its edge region.
• the cell frame serves to protect the envelope and the positionability or stackability of the electrochemical energy storage device.
• the cell frame serves to protect certain, preferably sensitive areas of this enclosure. Due to the cell frame, in particular external requirements reduced to the serving.
• the cell frame covers seams and splices of the envelope.
• an outer wall means the area of the battery housing which delimits the interior of the battery housing from the environment surrounding the battery housing.
• the outer wall of the battery case is preferably provided to withstand environmental influences, such as e.g. mechanical stresses, to keep away from the contents of the battery case.
• this outer wall prevents substances which have leaked from the electrochemical energy storage device from coming into contact with the environment surrounding the battery housing.
• a housing cover is a component to understand, which is part of the battery case.
• the housing cover can be connected to the cell frame.
• the electrochemical energy storage devices are electrically contacted by the housing cover.
• an electronic battery control is used in the housing cover.
• such a battery control is provided to drive the electrochemical energy storage devices of at least one battery.
• the electrical contacting of individual or all electrochemical energy storage devices of a battery is interrupted or preferably controlled.
• the electrical contact can be controlled so that the stored power is affected. This is preferably done by controlling the voltage across the current conductors, and more preferably by controlling the current that is expelled from the electrochemical energy storage devices.
• this voltage or this current is in particular the Condition taken into account at least one electrochemical energy storage device, for example, the temperature, or preferably the pressure difference between the battery housing interior and surrounding the battery housing environment.
• At least two cell frames of two adjacent electrochemical energy storage devices are connected to one another in a positive, material or non-positive manner.
• this compound is gas-tight.
• the gas-tight design of this connection ensures that no substances can escape uncontrollably from the battery case. This prevents the environment from being contaminated with reactive substances from the electrochemical energy storage devices. Thus, the safety of an electrochemical energy storage device is increased.
• two adjacent cell frames are positively connected to each other.
• Such a connection can be achieved in particular by connecting elements.
• the cell frames are provided with recesses, preferably with bores, for forming this connection.
• a positive connection of these cell frames is achieved by the connecting elements in cooperation with these recesses.
• fasteners may be in particular screws, rivets or pins.
• connection areas are formed on a cell frame so that two adjacent cell frames preferably form a positive connection with one another.
• Such a positive connection is designed in particular as a so-called latching connection.
• two adjacent cell frames are bonded together.
• such a cohesive connection is achieved by gluing or welding.
• this material connection is made gas-tight. This type of connection prevents uncontrolled release of substances from the battery housing into the environment, thus increasing the safety of the electrochemical energy storage device.
• the side wall is materially connected to at least one cell frame.
• a coherent connection is achieved by gluing or welding.
• a gas-tight connection between the side wall and cell frame is produced.
• the strength of this compound is equal to or greater than the tensile strength of the sidewall. This ratio of strength to one another ensures that the connecting parts between the side wall and the cell frame do not break before the side wall begins to deform. In particular, it is ensured by this embodiment that deforms the side wall and not contents of the electrochemical energy storage device uncontrollably emerge from the battery case.
• the side wall is non-positively or positively connected to the cell frame.
• the side wall is connected to the cell frame by clamping with a reinforcing frame.
• this clamping connection is in particular designed such that the tensile strength of the clamping connection is higher than or equal to the tensile strength of the side wall.
• This design of this connection ensures, in particular, that the side wall is deformed and that the connection fails and thus uncontrolled contents of the electrochemical energy storage device emerge from the battery housing.
• the safety of the battery case is increased.
• significant pressure differences within the battery housing are prevented from permanently occurring. In particular, it is prevented that pressure differences of more than 1 * 10 5 Pascal for more than 5 seconds, preferably for more than 2 seconds and especially for more than 1/10 second exist.
• this pressure equalization is achieved by pressure equalizing recesses.
• pressure compensation recesses may be located in the cell frame.
• a battery housing has an electronic battery controller for controlling at least one electrochemical energy storage device.
• this battery control is incorporated in a cover element.
• a cover element can cover a battery control at least regionally, but preferably completely.
• the side wall of a battery case is made of a composite material.
• this composite material is a fiber-reinforced plastic.
• an elastomer is used as the base material or matrix material for this fiber composite material.
• the reinforcing fibers in this material are multidirectional, preferably targeted or unidirectionally aligned.
• a multidirectional alignment of the reinforcing fibers an increase in the component strength of this side wall is preferably achieved and thus the safety of the battery housing is increased.
• the deformation of the side wall is preferably influenced. In particular, a directed, locally different deformation of this side wall is thus achieved.
• the reinforcing fibers of this fiber composite material for this sidewall according to the invention are preferably made of a plastic. In particular, this has a deviating from the base material expansion behavior.
• these reinforcing fibers are made of nylon or aramid.
• the reinforcing fibers can also be made of a material from a group of materials other than plastic, e.g. it can be glass, metal, ceramic or carbon fibers.
• the reinforcing fibers have a thickness of 1 ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ , preferably from 10 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ and more preferably from 20 ⁇ to 40 ⁇ on.
• the expansion behavior of these reinforcing fibers can be determined in particular by their geometry, e.g. by the normal cross-sectional area to the main stress direction, or preferably by its modulus of elasticity. Due to the different expansion behavior of the reinforcing fibers and the base material can influence the deformation behavior of this side wall and thus increase the safety of the battery case.
• the side wall is at least partially made of a plastic having an elongation at break of 100% - 1000%, such as polyolefin, of a plastic having an elongation at break of 50% - 500%, such as polyamide or of a plastic with an elongation at break of 5% - 80%, such as polycarbonate.
• the side wall is at least partially made of a plastic from the group of poly-ethylenepropylene dienes (EPDM).
• EPDM poly-ethylenepropylene dienes
• this plastic is not affected by the contents of an electrochemical energy storage device or by the reaction products thereof chemically attacked or decomposed by them. In particular, it is prevented by a coating or by a protective device that reactive ingredients come into contact with this side wall.
• a suitable choice of the plastic for the side wall prevents reactive substances from escaping from the battery housing, thus increasing safety.
• a battery has at least one electrochemical energy storage device and a battery housing.
• This battery housing has at least one, preferably two or more, in particular elastic, or plastically deformable side walls. At least one electrochemical energy storage device is preferably accommodated in this battery housing.
• a method for operating a battery having a battery housing is understood to be a method which in particular receives measured values from the battery housing, processes them and preferably influences the operating state of the battery on the basis of these measured values or represents this operating state.
• the recording of measured values is to be understood in particular as the measurement of a pressure, a temperature or other physical quantities which are preferably suitable for assessing the operating state of one or more electrochemical energy storage devices.
• the processing of measured values is to be understood as a solubility comparison.
• the result of this sol stwertiquess is converted into a control command.
• this control command is suitable for changing or influencing the operating state of at least one electrochemical energy storage device.
• the electrical contacting of at least one electrochemical energy storage device is interrupted or, in particular, restricted.
• the power stored out of this electrochemical energy storage device is limited. Such a method does not operate the electrochemical energy storage devices permanently above their performance limit, thus increasing safety.
• the temperature of at least one electrochemical energy storage device is measured.
• this measured temperature is compared with a desired temperature. If the measured temperature exceeds a predeterminable switch-off value, in particular the electrical contact to this one electrochemical energy storage device is interrupted or, preferably, the electrical contact of the entire battery is interrupted.
• the power which has been stored out of this one electrochemical energy storage device or out of the entire battery is reduced.
• the pressure within a battery case or, preferably, a surface pressure eg, by measuring a force, preferably normal to the surface of at least one electrode of the electrochemical energy storage device is measured.
• the pressure or the surface pressure within an electrochemical energy storage device can be detected.
• the measured value of this surface pressure or this pressure is compared in particular in a Sol st adopted with a, preferably predeterminable switch-off. If the measured value exceeds this switch-off value, preferably the electrical contact of at least one, but preferably all electrochemical, energy storage devices is interrupted.
• this cut-off value is reached, the stored power can be limited to at least one, but preferably from all electrochemical energy storage device. By switching off electrochemical energy storage devices or by limiting the stored power from these too much mechanical stress safety is increased.
• the battery controller can output a signal when a critical operating state is reached.
• a critical operating condition is in particular by measurable physical parameters, such as. the pressure in the battery housing, the surface pressure acting on the surface of the electrode stack or the temperature of an electrochemical energy storage device.
• the output signal may in particular be an optical signal, e.g. a partial color or shape change of the battery case, such as e.g. be a protruding from the battery case pin or an electrical signal.
• such a signal can be further processed by a control unit.
• this signal is suitable for assessing the operating state of the battery or at least one electrochemical energy storage device of this battery.
• the battery housing 1 shows a section through a battery housing 1 according to the invention with two deformable side walls 2.
• the battery housing 1 has four electrochemical energy storage devices 3.
• a lid element In a lid element
• This battery case 1 has two electrical connections 7. a section through an inventive battery case 1 without cover element 5 with two electrochemical energy storage devices 3. These are surrounded by cell frame 4.
• the cell frames 4 have pressure compensation recesses 9. 3 shows a section of a battery housing 1 according to the invention.
• the cell frames 4 surround the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 and are positively connected to each other.
• the side walls 2 are also connected by a so-called cell frame latching connection 8 with the cell frame 4.
• the cell frames 4 show a detail of a battery housing 1 according to the invention.
• the cell frames 4 surround the electrochemical energy storage devices 3.
• the cell frames 4 are interconnected with through-bolts 10.
• the side walls 2 are also connected by these through-bolts 10 with the cell frame 4.
• the cell frames 4 surround the electrochemical energy storage devices 3.
• the cell frames 4 are interconnected with through-bolts 10.
• the side walls 2 are reinforced in their Rand Schemet with a reinforcing frame 12 and are also connected by these through-bolts 10 with the cell frame 4.
• FIG. 6 shows a section of a battery housing 1 according to the invention.
• the cell frames 4 surround the electrochemical energy storage devices 3.
• the cell frames 4 are glued together.
• the side walls 2 are connected to the cell frame 4 with a so-called sidewall detent connection 13.
• Fig. 7 is a side view of a battery housing 1 according to the invention with a deformed side wall 2b, wherein the side wall 2b has a homogeneous stress / strain behavior.
• a battery housing 1 has two deformable side walls 2.
• the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 are surrounded by cell frames 4. A portion of the cell frame 4 partially forms the outer surface of the battery case 1.
• a battery control device 6 is housed in the lid member 5 of this battery case 1.
• the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 can be contacted by electrical connections 7 and by the battery control device 6.
• Two adjacent cell frame 4 are cohesively, preferably by gluing or welding, connected together.
• the side walls 2 are also materially connected to the cell frame 4. Due to the fluid-tight connection of the side walls 2 with the cell frame 4 and the cell frame 4 with each other no substances can uncontrolled in the battery case 1 on or emerge from this.
• the cell frames 4 have pressure compensation recesses 9. These pressure compensation recesses 9 connect the cavities between the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 so that a common interior of the battery housing is formed. In this common interior are thus permanently no pressure differences available. As a result, the pressure on the entire battery housing interior is evenly distributed with an increase in pressure within the battery housing.
• the cell frames 4 of a battery housing 1 according to the invention are connected to one another by a so-called cell frame latching connection 8.
• the side walls 2 are preferably also form-fitting with the cell frame 4th connected.
• this positive connection is designed as a latching connection.
• the side walls 2 are thereby fluid-tightly connected to the cell frame 4.
• the cell frame 4 are also connected to each other fluid-tight. Thus, no ingredients of the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 can escape uncontrolled from the battery case 1.
• the cell frames 4 are positively connected with each other.
• a connector is e.g. a through-bolt 10 and a nut 1 1.
• the through-bolt 10 extends through a plurality of cell frame 4.
• the cell frame 4 are pressed against each other. It is advantageous if the side walls 2 are also fastened in a fluid-tight manner with the connecting elements.
• the cell frame 4 and the side walls 2 form by tightening the through-bolts 10 thus a fluid-tight connection with each other.
• this fluid-tight connection prevents uncontrolled substances of the electrochemical energy storage devices 3 from the battery case 1 off or other substances enter this.
• the cell frame 4 and the side walls 2 are connected by means of through-bolts 10 and nuts 1 1.
• a reinforcing frame 12 is mounted between the screw head or between the nut 1 1 and the side wall 2.
• This reinforcing frame 12 may be integrally connected to the side wall 2 or formed by folding the side wall 2.
• the reinforcing frame 12 leads to a uniform pressure distribution of the screw biasing forces on the side wall 2.
• the cell frames 4 are materially connected to one another. Such a cohesive connection can be achieved by gluing or preferably by welding.
• the side walls 2 are connected by a positive connection with the outer cell frame 4.
• Such a positive connection is advantageously achieved by a so-called sidewall latching connection 13.
• This side wall locking connection 13 connects the side walls 2 with the outer cell frame 4 in a fluid-tight manner.
• the deformable side wall 2 can bulge outwards. As the side wall 2b bulges outwardly, it increases the volume of the battery case 1. As a result of this increase in volume, the pressure within the battery housing increases less than if the battery housing volume did not increase. Due to this lower increase in pressure, the mechanical load on the battery case 1 is lowered and increased safety.
• the side wall 2a has an inhomogeneous stress / strain behavior. This behavior can be achieved selectively by a fiber composite material or by the geometric properties, eg by a variable thickness of the side wall 2a.
• This stress / strain behavior ultimately affects the deformation behavior of the side wall 2a. With this deformation behavior it is achieved that the side wall 2a does not collide with other components, such as, for example, frame parts 14 during their deformation. The side wall 2a then expands only so that it touches no other, especially sharp-edged components. In one ner sidewall with homogeneous stress / strain behavior, the side wall extends to achieve the component strength substantially uniformly, the battery housing interior thus assumes the maximum size.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2009
  • 2009-12-16 DE DE102009058444A patent/DE102009058444A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-11-22 CN CN2010800566141A patent/CN102656715A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-11-22 WO PCT/EP2010/007064 patent/WO2011072793A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-11-22 JP JP2012543499A patent/JP2013514610A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-11-22 US US13/516,677 patent/US20120321919A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-11-22 BR BR112012014470A patent/BR112012014470A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-11-22 KR KR1020127017232A patent/KR20120120188A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-11-22 EP EP10787279A patent/EP2514000A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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