EP2504576A1 - Wind-power unit with a vertical shaft - Google Patents
Wind-power unit with a vertical shaftInfo
- Publication number
- EP2504576A1 EP2504576A1 EP10833663A EP10833663A EP2504576A1 EP 2504576 A1 EP2504576 A1 EP 2504576A1 EP 10833663 A EP10833663 A EP 10833663A EP 10833663 A EP10833663 A EP 10833663A EP 2504576 A1 EP2504576 A1 EP 2504576A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- wind
- power unit
- unit
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
- F03D3/011—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical of the lift type, e.g. Darrieus or Musgrove
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/205—Transmission of mechanical power to the generator located at the tower bottom
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/60—Shafts
- F05B2240/61—Shafts hollow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
- F05B2240/913—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a mast
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind-power unit with vertical shaft comprising a wind turbine having a vertical turbine shaft, a tower supporting the wind turbine, a generator at the lower end of the tower and a unit shaft connecting the turbine shaft with the generator.
- the invention relates to a shaft component intended to constitute a section of the unit shaft of such a wind-power unit.
- the invention in a second aspect, relates to a method for the construction of such a wind-power unit, and in a third aspect, to a use of the invented wind- power unit.
- Wind-power units with vertical shaft have increasingly developed to become a competitive alternative to wind-power units with horizontal shaft and have several advantages in relation to the same.
- There are different types of wind- power units with vertical shaft among others, units with a so-called H-rotor where the turbine blades are vertical.
- the present invention is primarily intended for H- rotor units but can also be applied to other kinds of wind-power units with vertical shaft.
- Wind-power units of this type may be of relatively great dimensions with a length of the unit shaft in the order of 50-100 m and in certain cases even longer and a shaft diameter of up to some metres.
- the unit shaft is manufactured from steel. Thereby, the unit shaft becomes a very heavy body involving a high and expensive consumption of material.
- the object of the present invention is to obviate the mentioned
- a wind-power unit of the kind specified by way of introduction has the special feature that the unit shaft, at least for the most part, is made of wood.
- the unit shaft is practically entirely made from wood, possibly with the exception of certain fittings and connecting elements.
- the unit shaft can be made of
- Such a shaft of wood requires, per se, a greater amount of material than for a shaft of steel, in view of the difference in the properties of the materials. Accordingly, in case of a hollow unit shaft, the wall thickness of a wooden shaft becomes several times greater than the one of a steel shaft. However, since the density of steel is approx. 15 times greater than the one of wood, the total weight of a wooden shaft becomes approximately one third of a corresponding steel shaft. For a wind-power unit of the size of 3 MW, this represents a weight of approx. 15 1 and 40 t, respectively. In addition, there is a significant saving in costs to use the considerably more inexpensive construction material of wood.
- the lower weight facilitates the construction of the wind-power unit, where great heights are concerned.
- the usage of a wooden shaft also means a great advantage in view of the considerably lower energy that is consumed to produce wood compared with steel.
- the tower that supports the wind turbine is suitably made of wood.
- the unit shaft is hollow.
- the unit shaft has a radial wall thickness in the interval of 20-100 mm.
- the thickness is within the narrower interval of 30-80 mm.
- the unit shaft is made of sheets of laminated wood or sheets of plywood.
- the sheets run in a helical shape around the centre axis of the unit shaft.
- the unit shaft comprises at least two layers of sheets, which run in mutually opposite helical directions.
- the unit shaft has a circular cross-section contour having a diameter in the interval of 50-500 cm.
- the unit shaft has a cross-section contour that has at least three corners.
- the manufacture of the unit shaft is facilitated by the fact that the same can be joined together from sections that are combined of at least three portions in the circumferential direction.
- the corners of the contour are connected by straight lines forming a polygon.
- the polygon is regular and has three, four, five, six, seven or eight corners.
- the corners of the contour are alternatively connected by arched sides.
- the contour gets the shape of a deformed polygon.
- it is shaped as a corresponding regular polygon, all the arc lines having the same shape and length.
- the arc-shape is suitably circular.
- the curvature of the arches is suitably such that convex outer surfaces are formed.
- the unit shaft is composed of a plurality of vertically distributed sections. Since a unit shaft of the type concerned has a considerable length and since it often is suitable to manufacture the unit shaft industrially on another site than where the wind-power unit is constructed, from a transportation point-of-view, it is advantageous to deliver the unit shaft in such sections in manageable lengths. In addition, this facilitates the construction on site.
- each section has a length in the interval of 5-30 m.
- the sections are interconnected by connection means of steel.
- the unit shaft is journaled in the tower in at least two places axially separated from each other, the unit shaft in these places having a circumferential lining of steel.
- the unit shaft is journaled in at least two axially separated supporting devices where each supporting device comprises at least three supporting components that abut against the unit shaft and that are connected with the inside of the tower.
- the supporting devices replace the need of conventional bearings that are expensive and in addition entail complications because of the high height when bearing breakdown or other defects have to be taken care of.
- the supporting devices become considerably more inexpensive than conventional bearings and entail an improved operating economy thanks to service and attending to possible defects being facilitated.
- they can be made with relatively low weight.
- the supporting devices may in addition be made so that they give lower wear against the unit shaft than conventional bearings, which is an advantage if there is no steel lining of the shaft at the journaling places.
- each supporting component comprises two roller bodies arranged on a carrying element that is turnable around a vertical shaft between the two roller bodies. This entails low friction and low wear.
- a good centring of the unit shaft between the supporting components is provided and contributes to the fact that the supporting device gets a desired flexibility that allows a certain movement laterally of the shaft without the journaling stability becoming impaired.
- the object set forth is further attained by a shaft component of the kind indicated by way of introduction having the special feature that the same, at least for the most part, is made of wood.
- the shaft component has a length in the interval of 5-30 m and a diameter, or the corresponding dimension, in the interval of 50-500 cm.
- the invented shaft component it is formed to constitute a section of a wind-power unit according to the present invention, particularly in accordance with any one of the preferred embodiments of the same.
- the object set forth is attained by a method of the kind indicated by way of introduction comprising the special measure that the unit shaft is manufactured essentially from wood.
- the unit shaft is combined from a plurality of vertically distributed sections.
- the same is applied to provide a wind-power unit in accordance with the present invention, particularly in accordance with any one of the preferred embodiments of the same.
- the object set forth is attained by the use of a wind-power unit in accordance with the present invention, particularly in accordance with any one of the preferred embodiments of the same, in order to deliver energy to an electric mains.
- the invented shaft component, the invented method and the invented use entail advantages of the corresponding kind as for the invented wind-power unit and the preferred embodiments of the same, and that have been accounted for above.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a wind-power unit according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a side view of the unit shaft of the wind-power unit according to Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a section of the unit shaft in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 4 is a side view of the section in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5 is a side view corresponding to the one in Fig. 4 according to an alternative embodiment example
- Fig. 6 is a section through a detail of the section in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 7 is a cross-section of a supporting device for the journaling of the unit shaft in a wind-power unit according to Fig. 1.
- Fig. 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7.
- Figs. 9 and 10 are sections corresponding to the one in Fig. 8 and illustrate two alternative embodiment examples of the supporting device.
- Figs. 11-14 illustrate the contour of the unit shaft in some alternative embodiment examples.
- Fig. 1 illustrates in a schematic side view a wind-power unit according to the invention.
- the wind turbine 2 is of the so-called H-rotor type having a vertical turbine shaft 3 connected with vertical turbine blades 6 via stays 5.
- the turbine shaft 3 is rotationally fixedly connected with the unit shaft 4 that drives the generator 8 arranged on a foundation 7 arranged on the ground. Via an electric cable 9, the generator 8 delivers current to a mains.
- the turbine is supported by a tower 1 in which the unit shaft 4 and turbine shaft 3 are axially and radially journaled.
- the tower 1 is composed of a plurality of tower sections 11a-11e, five ones in the example shown. The number of tower sections may be more or fewer depending on the size of the unit.
- a carrying structure 19 is arranged for the supporting of the wind turbine 2.
- the carrying structure 19 is attached to the tower section 11a.
- the tower in the example shown is slightly tapering upward and has accordingly a shape of a pyramid or a cone. However, it should be appreciated that the invention is suitable also when the tower has a constant width.
- the unit shaft 4 is essentially made of wood and is hollow.
- the unit shaft 4 is shown separately in Fig. 2. It is composed of five sections 4a-4e that are attached end-to-end to each other by connecting elements adapted for the purpose.
- the upper end of the uppermost section 4a is provided with connecting elements for the connection to the turbine shaft and the lower end of the lowermost section 4e is provided with connecting elements for the
- a section 4a of the unit shaft in cross-section is suitably approx. 20 m.
- the diameter is approx. 2 m for a unit of 3 MW and the wall thickness of the wood material is approx. 25 mm.
- Fig. 4 illustrates the structure of the section.
- the wood material consists of sheets of plywood.
- the shaft is wound of strip-shaped plywood 10 helically wound around the centre axis.
- the wooden wall of the unit shaft has two layers of plywood 10, 12 helically wound in mutually opposite winding directions.
- the wall has two plywood layers helically wound in the same direction, but with the joints between the winding turns axially displaced corresponding to half the strip width so that the winding becomes overlapping.
- the wall may alternatively consist of more layers than two.
- connection means of steel For the connection of the shaft sections 4a-4e with each other, it is suitable to arrange connection means of steel.
- Fig. 6 shows an example of how such a one may be formed.
- the bushing 24 consists of a bushing 24 arranged on the inside of the section and extends some decimetres inward.
- the bushing 24 has an outwardly directed radial flange 25 provided with holes 26 so that the same by a bolt joint can be connected to a similar bushing of an adjacent section.
- each supporting device is arranged for the radial journaling thereof. These are placed mutually axially equidistantly at approx. 5-10 m. Each supporting device abuts against the unit shaft 4 and is mounted in the tower.
- Fig. 7 is a section through the unit shaft 4 transverse to the shaft direction and illustrates an example of how the supporting device 13 may be formed.
- the shown supporting device consists of three supporting components 15 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction around the unit shaft 4.
- Each supporting component 15 has two roller bodies 16 formed as wheels and that abut against the unit shaft 4.
- the wheels 16 are mounted on a carrying element 17.
- the carrying element 17 is turnable around a suspension shaft 18 in a holder 19 that via a cup spring 20 is attached to a supporting beam 21.
- the leaf spring 20 presses the supporting component 15 by a certain bias force against the unit shaft 4, suitably in the order of 1 kN.
- the supporting beam 20 is anchored in the tower 1.
- the supporting devices 13 may be axially situated right opposite the joints or anywhere along the sections.
- Fig. 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 3 and shows one of the wheels 16 abutting against the unit shaft 4 at a joint.
- the two sections 4a and 4b are united by a particular joint piece 22 between the bushings 24 at the end of the respective section.
- the bushings 24 are arranged on the outside of the respective section.
- the joint piece 22 is a steel ring that on the outside thereof has a groove 23 that forms a rolling path for the wheels 16 of the supporting device.
- FIG. 9 an alternative is illustrated wherein the supporting device is axially situated somewhere between the ends of a section 4a.
- the wheels 16 of the supporting device abut directly against the wood material of the shaft section 4a.
- FIG. 10 An additional alternative is illustrated in Fig. 10.
- the section 4a is provided with a short piece of steel lining 27 on the outside thereof.
- the steel lining 27 constitutes a rolling path for the wheels 16 of the supporting device.
- Figs. 11—14 illustrate some alternative cross-sectional shapes to the circular shape of the unit shaft and the sections of which it is composed.
- the cross-section has the contour of a regular triangle and in Fig. 12 of a regular hexagon.
- Fig. 13 shows an example wherein the cross-section is a deformed regular triangle where the sides of the triangle are replaced by bulging circular lines.
- Fig. 14 shows an example wherein the cross-section is a deformed square where the sides of the square are replaced by curved-in circular lines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0950903A SE534330C2 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2009-11-27 | Vertical axle wind turbine |
PCT/SE2010/051280 WO2011065897A1 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-19 | Wind-power unit with a vertical shaft |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2504576A1 true EP2504576A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2504576A4 EP2504576A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
Family
ID=44066783
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10833663.7A Withdrawn EP2504576A4 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-19 | Wind-power unit with a vertical shaft |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2504576A4 (en) |
SE (1) | SE534330C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011065897A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US23932A (en) * | 1859-05-10 | Windmill | ||
US166982A (en) * | 1875-08-24 | Improvement in windmills | ||
US1404715A (en) * | 1920-08-04 | 1922-01-24 | Herman J Hegwer | Windmill |
US2099617A (en) * | 1936-09-21 | 1937-11-16 | Orvis K Nelson | Fluid current motor |
WO1996030647A1 (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-03 | Owen Garth Williamson | Vertical axis wind turbine |
WO2008153489A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Vertical Wind Ab | A wind-power unit, a supporting pillar therefore and a use thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-11-27 SE SE0950903A patent/SE534330C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-11-19 WO PCT/SE2010/051280 patent/WO2011065897A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-11-19 EP EP10833663.7A patent/EP2504576A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US23932A (en) * | 1859-05-10 | Windmill | ||
US166982A (en) * | 1875-08-24 | Improvement in windmills | ||
US1404715A (en) * | 1920-08-04 | 1922-01-24 | Herman J Hegwer | Windmill |
US2099617A (en) * | 1936-09-21 | 1937-11-16 | Orvis K Nelson | Fluid current motor |
WO1996030647A1 (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-03 | Owen Garth Williamson | Vertical axis wind turbine |
WO2008153489A1 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Vertical Wind Ab | A wind-power unit, a supporting pillar therefore and a use thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2011065897A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE534330C2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
WO2011065897A1 (en) | 2011-06-03 |
EP2504576A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
SE0950903A1 (en) | 2011-05-28 |
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A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20140508 |
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RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F03D 3/00 20060101ALI20140430BHEP Ipc: F03D 11/02 20060101AFI20140430BHEP Ipc: F03D 11/04 20060101ALI20140430BHEP |
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Ipc: F03D 3/00 20060101AFI20161122BHEP Ipc: F03D 15/00 20160101ALI20161122BHEP Ipc: F03D 13/20 20160101ALI20161122BHEP |
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INTG | Intention to grant announced |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20170419 |