EP2501874A1

EP2501874A1 - Lost formwork for building construction

Info

Publication number: EP2501874A1
Application number: EP10805515A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Mario D'angelo; Alberto Antenucci; Michele Caboni
Original assignee: Smart Block Plus Srl
Current assignee: Smart Block Plus Srl
Priority date: 2009-11-16
Filing date: 2010-11-11
Publication date: 2012-09-26
Also published as: WO2011058593A1

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a non-returnable gauge box comprising two panels (A) of insulating material, opposed to each other inclusive of the first uniting pieces (coupling means) to unite with the uniting distance boxes; in one gauge box, the means of distance (Z, A - H) includes a cavity that extends from one end to the other of these, along said predetermined length allows for breathability of the finished structure.

Description

TITLE

LOST FORMWORK FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

DESCRIPTION

Place of invention

The present invention refers to non-returnable gauge boxes (or frameworks that stay in place) and in particular gauge boxes to be used in the building constructions.

State of technique

In the place of invention for building constructions the utilization of gauge boxes is well known. A framework that stays in place is a structure that allows structures to form in concrete, also called gauge box. Typically the gauge box is constituted by a wrapping inside of which the cement is placed. The cement remains in the gauge box until it matures (or better until the cure has not taken place) , better yet until the cement has not acquired a mechanical resistance so that it becomes able even without the help of the gauge box.

When the cement has matured it will be possible to remove the gauge box and use it for the formation of other structures in cement. The materials used for the formation of cement

structures are typically in wood or metal. In art gauge boxes constituted by metal panels or looms are placed and therefore positioned according to the form that the cement structure must undertake. This type of gauge box is typically reusable for a determined number of times according to the material of

utilization adopted.

In art even another type of gauge box is known, called non- returnable gauge box. The non-returnable gauge box is a gauge box that is not removed once the cement sticks, actually it remains jointed with the formed cement structure. TITLE

Non-returnable gauge boxes for building constructions

DESCRIPTION

Place of invention

State of technique

In the place of invention for building constructions the - utilization of gauge boxes is well known. A framework that stays in place is a structure that allows structures to form in concrete, also called gauge box. Typically the gauge box is constituted by a wrapping inside of which the cement is placed. The cement remains in the gauge box until it matures (or better until the cure has not taken place) , better yet until the cement has not acquired a mechanical resistance so that it becomes able even without the help of the gauge box.

utilization adopted.

In art even another type of gauge box is known, called non- returnable gauge box. The non-returnable gauge box is a gauge box that is not removed once the cement sticks, actually it remains jointed with the formed cement structure. 2

Non-returnable gauge boxes inclusive of a wrapping in

polystyrene are also well known. An example of such gauge boxes ^■ includes two opposite polystyrene panels, in which these panels are separated and kept a certain distance from one another through a metal bar attached to the two extremities with each of the two panels.

One of the primary advantages of the non-returnable gauge boxes utilizing polystyrene is in the fact that it is possible to easily build a wall that guarantees an adequate thermal

insulation .

Although such gauge boxes are characterized by different

disadvantages. One of these consists in the fact that once the gauge box is designed and realized, only a determined type of wall can be realized in correspondence of the gauge box.

Vice versa, when you want to build a wall having particular dimensions or forms, the gauge box must be redesigned so to adapt to the desired structure. The redesign of the gauge box means for example that the redesign of the metal panels or bar dimension, which are components of the gauge box.

The panels must also be redesigned or properly produced even according to the thickness of the polystyrene necessary

foreseeing the thermal insulation that is desired for the finished structure.

An ulterior disadvantage consists in the fact that some

important parameters for the ability of the structure are not easy to achieve throughout the known non-returnable gauge boxes, one of these parameters being the internal habitats healthiness to the realized structure throughout non-returnable gauge boxes.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to obviate at least some of the disadvantages present in the state of art as discussed above . 3

According to a first aspect of the invention, a non-returnable gauge box is furnished inclusive two panels (A) of insulation material opposed to one another, each of the said panels

inclusive of the first uniting pieces (coupling means) to unite with the uniting distance boxes. The gauge box also includes distance boxes or spacing means (Z,A-H) inclusive of two

separated extremities by a predetermined length, each of the said extremities having second uniting pieces suitable to match with the first uniting pieces. Furthermore, the gauge box is characterized by the fact that said distance boxes (Z, A-H) include a cavity that extends to one of the said extremity to the other said extremity along the said predetermined length, called cavity presenting two openings each in correspondence of one of the said extremity and so to find itself overlooking the surface of said panels when the first and second uniting pieces are matching one another.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a distance box system is furnished for gauge boxes inclusive two opposite panels. This distance box system includes distance boxes

inclusive two extremities separated by a predetermined length, each of which extremity having first uniting pieces suitable to match with correspondent second uniting pieces provided on said opposite panels.

The distance box system is such that the mentioned distance boxes include a cavity that extends from one mentioned extremity to the other of the mentioned extremities along the mentioned predetermined length, so called cavity presenting two openings each in correspondence of one of the mentioned extremities.

Thanks to the presence of the mentioned cavity, it is therefore possible to obtain transpirable walls easy and fast to build.

According to an ulterior aspect of the invention, a modular distance box inclusive of at least a connector (B) provided of 4

second uniting pieces and third uniting pieces, in which

mentioned second uniting pieces are suitable to match with the first uniting pieces provided on at least a panel of a non- returnable gauge box (A) . The modular distance box also includes a distance box system (C-H) provided of fourth uniting pieces suitable to match with the mentioned third uniting pieces.

According and ulterior aspect of the invention a non-returnable gauge box is provided, inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of insulation materials, each of the two mentioned panels (A) provided with the first uniting pieces. The gauge box also includes a modular distance box as for example foreseen by the first aspect of the invention.

According to an ulterior aspect, the invention supplies an assembly method of a non-returnable gauge box, the gauge box inclusive of two panels and a modular distance box, the distance box includes at least two connectors and a distance box system. This method includes the phases of uniting each of the two connectors (B) and a corresponding panel (A) ; and to unite the distance box to the two connectors.

According to an ulterior aspect of the invention, the invention supplies a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of a first and second of the two distanced and opposed internal panels, in which the first mentioned opposite internal panels presents on an external surface of the gauge box (external in respect to the surface that will be exposed to the cement, and therefore external respect to the surface that will match with the

distance box) of the first uniting pieces suitable to match with second uniting pieces supplied on the mentioned first external panel. 5

According a form of realization of the present invention, there is a panel included for the non-returnable gauge box, called panel inclusive of the first uniting pieces supplies on a first surface of the mentioned panel and second uniting pieces supplied on a second surface of the mentioned panel, in which the mentioned second surface is opposite of the. first surface (along the direction of the thickness of the panel) , in which the mentioned first and second uniting pieces have configurations suitable to receive, respectively, the mentioned second and first uniting pieces.

An advantage obtained consists in the fact that a wall with a thermic layer is easily achievable, having a desired thickness without having to draw each time the panels according to the needs or without running back to assembly methods that require more time and work (for example gluing more panels together). Ulterior aspects and modifications of the invention are defined in demand. As follows there will be different examples in which the present invention can be realized.

Description of figures

Figure 1 illustrates a gauge box inclusive of two panels and a distance box with a cavity;

Figures 2a and 2b illustrate two views of a gauge box including an example of a modular system of distance boxes;

Figures 3a and 3b illustrate two views of a gauge box inclusive an ulterior example of modular system of distance boxes;

Figure 4 illustrates an example of matches of a panel with othe panels to obtain variable thicknesses of the same panel;

Figures 5a - 5e illustrate different phases of assembly of a gauge box according to an example;

Figures 6a - 6e illustrate different phases of assembly of a gauge box according to an ulterior example; 6

Figures 7a and 7b show two views of an example in which a connecting element B can be made;

Figures 8a and 8b show two views of an example in which an element C can be made;

Figures 9a and 9b show two views of an example in which element D can be made;

Figures 10a and 10b show two views of an ulterior example in which element C can be made;

Figures 11a and lib show two views of an ulterior example in which element D can be made;

Figures 12a and 12b show two views of an example in which element E can be made;

Figures 13a and 13b show two different views of an example in which an element F can be made;

Figure 14a shows an example of how an element G can be made; Figure 14b shows an example of how an element H can be made.

Detailed descript

Now there will be a reference to figure 1 illustrating a non- returnable gauge box according to a first form of realization the present invention including a distance box having a cavity

The non-returnable gauge box as illustrated as an example in figure 1 includes two panels of insulation material (A) opposite one to another. An example of such insulating material is constituted by polystyrene (or polyester) or by synthesizing expanded polystyrene (also indicated as EPS) . Although other materials (for example other polymerase) can be utilized only if they are able to supply adequate properties of thermal

insulation.

Preferably such materials have a specific weight so to make the panels easier to lift for example in respect of correspondent wooden or metal structures. 7

These panels are characterized by having two major dimensions respect to the third, for example they have predominant length and a width (therefore major) in respect to the thickness of the panels. These panels are opposite one another, indicating that they overlook one another (even if this is a common option) . In fact, some forms of realization, a panel or both panels can . be inclined in respect to a vertical direction. In such case, the wall will not have a uniform thickness but variable

according to the configuration and the variable distance between the panels.

Each of the mentioned panels includes some first joining pieces Al suitable to match with spacing means Z. The distance boxes Z include two extremities Z3A and Z3B separated by a predetermined length L. The length L represents for example the length of the element Z2 or corresponds to the length of the element Z2. In other forms of realization that will be discussed as follows, the length L corresponds to the length of a modular distance box system that is furnished to keep the panels at a determined distance corresponding to the thickness of the wall that is wanted through a non-returnable gauge box. In other words, the distance boxes of this form of realization are interchangeable with the distance box systems according to the present

invention. Each of the mentioned two extremities Z3A and Z1B, respectively suitable to match with the first mentioned joining pieces Al and A2. The realization of the pieces Al, A2, ZIA and Zlb can be such that the matches from the wall to the distance box Z can be realized regardless between pieces Al and ZIA or between pieces A2 and ZIA. In other words, the joining pieces can be such to make the distance box pieces Z of 180 degrees.

In an example the first joining pieces are female joining pieces. The second joining pieces can be male joining pieces suitable to match with the first female joining pieces. 8

For example, the first female joining pieces include a

Recession (or a cavity) realized in the panel for being able to receive a correspondent male profile Z1A or Z1B realized on the on the Z pieces in correspondence of the extremities Z3Aor Z3B.

The joining pieces z of figure 1 include a longitudinal

substantial element Z2 having a determined section for example squared, rectangular, circular, elliptical, etc.. although, instead of element Z2 there could be more elements present formed in some sort of grill. With reference for example to figure 2, the distance box pieces Z can include more elements F2A, F2B, F2C having extremities F3A and F3B connected with joining pieces F1A and FIB. Please note that in the figures 2A and 2B the elements F1A and F2B are suitable to match with other elements B and D.

Although, in a configuration that is not illustrated, such elements can be supplied of elements F1A and FIB such to match with cavities supplied in the two panels.

The non-returnable gauge box according to the present first form of realization is also characterized by the fact that the distance box pieces Z include a Z4 cavity that extends from one of the mentioned extremity (Z3A o Z3B) to the other mentioned extremity (Z3A o Z3B, respectively) along the mentioned

predetermined length L. This cavity Z4 presents two openings Z4A and Z4B each in correspondence of one of the mentioned

extremities Z3A and Z3B. Furthermore, such openings Z4A and Z4B are such to find themselves overlooking the surface of the mentioned panels A when the first and second distance box pieces

(Z1A and Z1B respectively) match one with each other.

Therefore, according to an illustrated example, when the joining pieces of the distance boxes Z are inserted in the proper places supplied of the panels A, the openings Z4A and Z4B are such to find themselves directly overlooking or in contact with the 9

surface of the panel inside the place representing the first joining pieces.

In the examples presented above as for the examples that will be discussed as follows, the distance box pieces Z or the distance box systems (please see as follows) include two joining pieces each in correspondence of the two extremities of the distance box pieces. Although, the present invention is applied even if one of the extremity (or both extremities) of the distance box pieces is supplied solid or attached with one of the two panels of the gauge box (or with both panels, in case both extremities are supplied in a solid manner with the panels) .

An advantage attached to the present cavity consists in allowing the transpiration throughout the finished wall. Therefore, in respect to the state of art, a gauge box that is able to improve the conditions of the gauge box is supplied, for example to improve the healthiness of the environments that will be

constituted by the finished walls.

According a first modification of the first form of realization, the mentioned first joining pieces (each panel inclusive one of the first mentioned pieces, as seen and also contemplated the possibility that they are to be supplied only on one of the mentioned panels) can include a location ( not directly

indicated in figure 1, but that can be found in correspondence to ZIA and Z1B when the element Z matches or is placed in the panels) in correspondence of at least one of the mentioned panels opposite to A and called second joining pieces ZIA and Z1B include a profile suitable to match with such location. The various figures illustrate various examples of realization of the different elements inclusive of the joining pieces.

According to a second modification of the first form of

realization, the gauge box foresees that the distance boxes Z 10

include a distance box element (Z1A, Z2, ZlB) having the

mentioned predetermined length and the cavity having a hole that extends along the predetermined length of the mentioned distance box element (Z1A, Z2, ZlB). In other words, the distance box element can be constituted by a longitudinal element Z2 and by two components Z1A and ZlB supplied by the extremities Z3A and Z3B of the longitudinal element Z2.

The longitudinal element Z2 can be substituted (in a variant of the distance box) by a gathering of longitudinal elements, you can see for example figure 2 inclusive of different elements F2A, F2B, F2C. In other words, the distance box pieces Z can include a structure which for example one of the elements C, D, E, F illustrated in figures 2 and 3 (as for the correspondent figures 8-13) , with the only difference that (not illustrated in the figures) in which each of the mentioned elements C, D, E, F includes at the extremities of the joining pieces to match with the panels. With reference to the figure 2, for example, the element F is modified in respect to the one illustrated in the same figure, in the fact that the parts F1A and FIB are such to match directly with panel A without the necessity of element B. The same goes for the other elements C,D,E, which can be adapted in the same way.

According to a third modification of the first form of

realization, the distance box pieces Z include a distance box system and one or more connecting elements. A distance box system is a gathering of elements including one or more elements able to keep a determined distance from the panels. With

reference to figure 2, the elements F on the left and D in the center constitute an example of distance box system (an ulterior element F can be inserted at the right of D, and the structure in an ulterior example can be repeated as wished) . In an

ulterior specific example, the distance box system can match with the distance box pieces described above (for example, with 11

a distance box element Z and its variants) . The connecting elements are ulterior elements suitable to connect the elements included in the distance box system to one of the panels. With reference to figures 2A e 2B, the elements B are examples of connectors that allow to connect an element F or D (included in the distance box system) to one of the two panels. With

reference therefore to the figures 2° and 2B, the distance box pieces include elements F and D, represented by a high part of the distance box system, and the connectors B on the left and on the right to allow the matching of F and D with the panels. In a similar way, the distance box pieces can include elements E and C represented in a low part of the distance box system, and the connectors B to connect the elements E and■ C to the panels.

Please note that the distance box pieced can include the high and low parts illustrated in the figures 2A and 2B or only one of the two. In an example the high and low part are such to consent a hooking of the high part to the low part. In another example the high part and low part are the same. Please note that the invention also foresees the use of only one of the two high or low parts, even in case in which the two parts are identical one to another.

A connector, according to an ulterior example of the third modification, includes a connecting element to connect among them two or more of the elements included in the distance box system. With reference to figures 3A and 3B, the connectors indicated with an H are needed to connect the elements D among themselves so to vary in a modular way the length of the

distance box pieces. In the example illustrated in the figure 3A and 3B, the distance box pieces include elements B, D, H, D, B for the superior or high part of the distance pieces and

elements B, C, G, C, B for the low or inferior part. The

elements B and H represent the connecting elements, meanwhile the other elements represent the distance box system. 12

According to this third modification of the first form of realization, each of the two connecting elements is furnished of the second connecting piece (described above, for example ZlA, Z1B or F1A, FIB) to match with the respective first joining pieces provided on each of the mentioned opposite panels A. the two connecting elements are supplied in correspondence of the described extremities, for example you can see Z3A, Z3B o F3A, F3B.

The third modification of the first form of realization also foresees different intermediate cavities communicating that extend in contiguity throughout the mentioned distance system and the mentioned connecting elements, in which the openings described previously (please see Z4A, Z4B in figure 1; not illustrated in figures 2A and 2B, but present at the extremities of the connectors B) are respectively provided on the mentioned connecting elements. The extension in contiguity or with

uniformity means that the cavities provided in each of the elements included in the distance box pieces (therefore this means that each of the elements of the distance system and in each of the connectors) so that when the various elements of the distance pieces are put in action (therefore joint) there forms a cavity that communicates in contiguity or uniformity and extends between the extremities of the distance pieces and each extremity faces one of the two panels.

In other words, with reference to figure 2, each of the elements B, F, D, B include at least an intermediate cavity such that when the elements are assembled and placed in the location of panels A, the intermediate cavities form a continuous cavity that crosses all of the assembled elements by element B on the left and element B on the right. For example, an intermediate cavity can be furnished in each of the elements F2B, D2B along the transversal direction (therefore in the direction that is extended from panel to panel) and in each of the connectors B on 13

the left and right so that when _. the elements are assembled by each other, a continuous communicating cavity is formed between^' elements B through elements F, D. More cavities can be supplied, for example through parts F2A, D2A and/or through parts F2C, D2C. As much can be said for the inferior or lower part (if present, which is equal or different by the superior or taller part) . An advantage attached to the presence of the cavity consists in the allowing transpiration throughout the finished wall.

The presence of a cavity according to this form of realization allows transpirability of the finished wall through a modular system of gauge boxes. In other words, transpirability is guaranteed even when a modular system of gauge boxes that allow a flexible execution of plans in which the thickness of the walls changes or does not correspond to a standard corresponding to a thickness for which the gauge box is designed.

In the third modification described above, as already mentioned, the most optional distance system includes one or more distance elements matching among themselves. Such examples of

configuration are showed in figures 2 and 3, in which the distance system includes, respectively, elements F, D (figure 2A) . Optionally, the distance system can include even the inferior or lower part, equal to or different by the superior or taller part.

According to a second form of realization of the invention, there is the supply of a distance system for gauge boxes. The distance system includes distance pieces inclusive of two separate extremities by a predetermined length, in which each the mentioned extremity is supplied of first joining pieces suitable to match with second corresponding joining pieces supplied on two opposite panels included in the gauge box. The differentiator system also includes distance pieces inclusive 14

a cavity that is extended by one mentioned extremity along the predetermined length. This cavity presents two openings each in correspondence of this extremity. For the distance system of the second form of realization, the same considerations as above are valid with reference to the gauge box inclusive of a distance system. The second form of realization is characterized by the fact that the distance system is supplied separately and

independently by the panels of the gauge box or by the gauge box in its complex, which is a system to allow the distance among the panels to be used for the draining of the cement in

appropriate wrappings that constitute the gauge box. The gauge box is not necessarily a non-returnable gauge box. IN fact, the application of the distance system is not limited to the non- returnable gauge boxes such as those in polystyrene, although a system inclusive of looms is also applicable, for example iron or wood, in which the looms want to be distanced so to guarantee the transpirability of the finished cement structure.

The looms or similar structures therefore represent the panels to which the distance system is applied. Please note that, in case the gauge box in not non-returnable and the looms are therefore removable once the cement ultimate the curing phases, the joining pieces can be constituted by simple pieces of opposition between the distance system and the panels. In other words, the present invention can be applied even in other techniques not based on non-returnable gauge boxes in which the systems or distance pieces include a cavity that guarantees transpirability throughout the finished wall.

The advantage of the distance system in the second form of realization consists in the fact that it is possible to obtain a transpirable structure in cement, no matter what type of gauge box (non-returnable or not) or of utilized panels (in insulating materials, wood, metal, etc..) as well as the reciprocal form and position of the panels. 15

According to a first modification of the second form of

realization, the openings described are such to find themselves on the surface of the mentioned panels when the first and second joining pieces are matched one with another.

According to a second modification of the second form of realization, the distancing pieces include a distance element having the predetermined length and cavity including a hole that extends along a predetermined length of the distance element. In other words, according to these modifications, the distance pieces include an element which for example anyone of the elements Z2, F2A-C, D2A-C illustrated in figures 1 or 2.

According to a third modification of the second form of

realization, the distancing pieces include a distance system and two connecting elements, each of the two connecting elements supplied with the mentioned second joining pieces to match with the respectively first joining pieces supplied with each of the opposite panels, in which the two connecting elements correspond to the mentioned extremities. As an example, you can refer to the figure 2 that illustrates two connectors B (on the left and right in each of the figures 2A and 2B)and two elements F, D, respectively, which constitute the distance system according to an example. With reference to the figures 3A and 3B, the

distancing system includes the elements D, H and D (therefore two elements D equal and matching one another as indicated through element H) . You must note that, however, the elements D can be equal or different. The connecting elements H can even be different one from another. Furthermore, it is possible to combine even the example in figure 2 with the one in figure 3. For example you can match elements such as C, D, F one with each other or throughout a connector H as long as supplied with the correct joining pieces. It is possible to have, in definite, any combination of elements C, D, E, F and H. The sale l b

considerations are valid for the low or inferior part of the distance system. ^'

The third modification of the second form of realization also foresees that the cavity includes different communicating intermediate cavities that extend in contiguity throughout the mentioned distance system and the mentioned connecting elements, in which the foresaid openings are respectively supplied on the mentioned connecting elements. In other words, independently from the configuration of the distance system and the connecting elements constituting the distancing pieces, a cavity is

supplied so that it can cross the distancing pieces from part to part, in which the cavity culminates on each of the extremities of the distance pieces with two openings that face each on the wall of a correspondent panel.

According to the present invention and independently by the form of realization the cavity can include a hole made in each of the parts that compose the distancing pieces. In case the foresaid distancing pieces are constituted by more elements, the cavity is constituted by a joint of intermediate cavities communicating this way by a continuous cavity. In an example the cavity (or the togetherness of the communicating cavities) is (are)

straight. Although it is possible to realize even not straight cavities, in which for example it is not possible to from part to part of the cavities due to the curves present in the cavity. The cavity's section can have any form, for example circular (in which case the cavity will be a hole) , square, rectangular, elliptical, etc... The cavity's section is not necessarily

constant (in both dimension and form) but can vary in extension from one extremity to the other. When the cavity is composed by more intermediate cavities that are communicating and

continuous, the section of each one (as far as the form and the dimensions of the section) can differ one from another and vary optionally inside of each intermediate cavity. 17

With reference to figures 2 and 3 a third form of realization will now be described. The third form of realization of the present invention foresees a modular distance piece for a non- returnable gauge box.

The non-returnable gauge box includes two opposite panels, in which at least one of such panels includes the first joining pieces. The preceding observations are valid for the opposite panels, for example as far as the material is concerned

(polystyrene as an example) or as far as their reciprocal position is concerned, for example parallel among themselves or leaning respect to vertical.

The distance box of this form of realization also includes at least one connector (B) supplied of second joining pieces and third joining pieces, the mentioned second joining pieces suitable to pair with the first joining pieces supplied on at least a panel of the non-returnable gauge box (A) , The distance box also includes a distance system (c - H) supplied in fourth joining pieces suitable to pair with the foresaid third joining pieces .

The connector is an element that allows to attach, for example in a reversible way, the distance box system to the panels of the non-returnable gauge box. The distance box system instead allows to make an elevate modularity, since throughout the joining of the different elements and pieces, it is possible to obtain in theory infinite possibilities of distances among the two panels. For example, in figure 2(a), the joining of elements F and D in the high part of the figure constitutes an example of a distance box system. It is possible to obtain a distance box system combining two extremities of elements F and D, and joining the remaining extremities of each of these with

correspondent elements B previously joint with two opposite panels A. Figure 3 represents another possibility to realize a distance box system through the joining of pieces D, H, D (you can see for example the high part of figure 3(a)), which are 18

then joint to the elements B to match (or previously matching) with the opposite panels B. In such way, choosing the type and number of element to match in the distance box system, it is possible to obtain a series theoretically infinite of

thicknesses starting a tight number of possible matching

elements. In such way, it is possible to realize walls in cement with different thickness without having to redesign every time distancing elements, but joining conveniently a certain number of distancing elements designed and dimensioned in an

appropriate way.

The first and second joining pieces have similar characteristics to those described in reference to the first and/or second form of realization. In the first form of realization the second joining pieces can be supplied on a distance box element (that can, in an example in which modularity has not been requested, by only distancing two opposed panels without the help of ulterior components) and. are to be joint with the two panels. According to the present form of realization, the second joining pieces are instead supplied on a connector B to join with an element as for example the one indicated with F in figure 2 or with D in figure 3.

In other words, element B in this form of realization is

suitable to match with a side of a panel and by the other with an element of the distance box. Element B is therefore a system that allows to attach, for example in a reversible way, a distance box system to the two panels so to obtain a modular distance and a non-returnable gauge box having an elevate modularity.

Through this foresight it is possible to make a highly modular system in which a connecting element is paired to the panel. Then a distance box system inclusive of one or more elements can be paired with the connecting element, as described in detail as follows with reference to figures 2 and 3, so that the distance among the panels can be selected during the assembly phase of i y

the gauge box with great flexibility without the necessity of having to redesign the entire gauge box. .

In fact, predisposing an appropriate series of elements

constituting the distance box system having different lengths, it is possible to obtain gauge boxes having different

thicknesses appropriately combining a certain number of elements of the distance box system.

Consequently, walls of different thickness can be easily built without the need to redesign and produce ex-novo of the specific gauge boxes.

According to a first modification of the third form of

realization, the modular distance box foresees that the first joining pieces include a location in correspondence of at least one of the mentioned opposite panels (A) and the foresaid second joining pieces include a profile suitable to match with the foresaid location. An example of such location can be a channel reached along the entire height or only along a part of the panels' height. At least one part of this channel preferably terminates on one of the extremities (high or low) of the panel, so that it is possible to insert the profile of the connector B. In an example, the channel has a section T with the vertical part of T terminating on an external surface of the panel so that the profile of element B, also in T in this example, can be properly inserted in the correspondent channel. Other sections can be chosen, as obviously to the person of this branch, which those with a rotated L of 90° or other section as long as they allow a match of element B with panel A.

In a second modification of the third form of realization, the modular distance box foresees that the foresaid distance box (C - H) includes at least one distance box element (C - F)

inclusive of two extremities and in which at least a distance box element (C - F) is supplied of the mentioned fourth joining pieces on at least one of these extremities. It is possible to Ζ^' Ό

note that in a particular case both the extremities are supplied with the foresaid fourth joining pieces (please see for example module D in the images) . According to this second modification, therefore, the distance box system foresees at least one

distancing element that can match with the connector B

throughout one of its extremities. For example, with reference to figure 2 (a) , a distance box system can be constituted only by element D which goes and matches with two elements B, each matching opposite panels (A) . In another example, the distance box system includes an element F matching with an element D, which sooner or later go and match the two connectors B. The figure 2 (a) represents a distance box system inclusive of elements F and D. Although, for what has been seen, the

illustrated system can be easily adapted to create different separating distances taking away some of the designed elements or adding others. For example, starting with figure 2(a), it is possible to add to the extremity on the right of element D on the right side of another element F properly rotated by 180°, which goes and matches with the other extremity free on the connector B. By this configuration, the distance box system can be stretched adding an element D and so on. As it is evident, in theory it can reach an infinite series of separating distances among the two panels.

With reference to all the forms of realizations and their modifications here described, please note that the figures represent a low and tall distance box system, both joining with opposite panels. Although, it is possible to realize a panel inclusive only one of the foresaid systems, and therefore only the low one or only. the high one, to join to a panel as

indicated in the figure, and therefore higher of each of the distance box elements height or having the same height of the distance box element.

You must also note that it is possible to have even more than two distance box systems disposed along the height of the panel: 21

in an example you can have three distance box systems, one at the bottom, one in the center and one on the top. Even in height you can therefore combine for each pair of opposite panels, one, two or more distance box elements to raise modularity along the height. This configuration can be useful when the height of the composing elements of the distance box is designed so to

correspond to the maximum step allowed to dispose the iron armors. For example, according to the present norms regarding aseismic laws valid in Italy, the step between the two rows of armors in the vertical direction cannot exceed 30 cm (this means, whichever step inferior compared to the law) . Designing therefore a distance box element having a height of 25 cm, disposing the iron pieces inside of the ditches (with reference to the example of element D in figure 2 (a) , the cavities present on the horizontal elements D2A, D2B and D2C) and having more distancing elements one on another, you will obtain an armor having a step of 25 cm. In order to quicken the placement of the gauge boxes, instead of designing the panels of the

correspondent to the distance box elements (ca 25cm in the present example) , it is possible to realize panels having a bigger height, for example ca . 50cm, 75cm, 100cm, etc... IN such way, a first distance box system will be placed (for example the low one) ; therefore regarding this, and more in detail in the ditches of this, the iron pieces will be leaned on; successively a second distance box element will be placed (for example one on top and one in the center) inside the same panels and on this second distance box system and more precisely in the ditches of this there will be a second line of iron. Thanks to the

modularity in height, it will be possible to mount the gauge boxes faster, since once the two panels are placed with the low distance box system it is much more comfortable and faster to insert in the same panels (already placed, for example lined up, and kept at a distance by the low system) one or more ulterior distance box systems up to reach a level of the panels height. 22

From here we will restart with a new pair of panels up to the completion of the wall to the desired height. Please note that the known systems in art foresee the panels and distancing elements of the same height, where the height is determined by the step according to the dimensions of the plan (for example by the technical norm to be respected). Therefore, in the example in which the maximum step is 30 cm and following one of the most known methods, you will have to proceed by disposing a more elevated number, equal to the height of the wall, of the panels and corresponding distancing elements, which results in a longer timing of placement. This solution consists in the utilization of more distancing systems, along the height (or vertical direction) for a given pair of opposite panels and allows to obtain an extra modularity of the system by reducing at the same time a reduction of the time for the complex placement.

In a third modification of the third form of realization, the modular distance box foresees that the distance box system (C - H) includes at least an extension element (E, F) including two extremities, in which one of these two extremities is supplied with the fourth pairing pieces and the other extremity is supplied with ulterior joining pieces suitable to match with one of the distancing elements (C-F) . These ulterior joining pieces can be equal to the second joining pieces, so to increase the possibilities of combinations among the different elements.

Although, in another example, these ulterior joining pieces can be different from the other joining pieces, for example in the situations in which we would want to avoid that some elements accidentally end up matching with other elements.

In a fourth modification of the third form of realization, the modular distance box foresees that the foresaid distance box (C, D, E, F, G, H) includes at least one intermediate connectin element (G, H) including two extremities, in which at least one of the two extremities is suitable to match with at least one o the foresaid distance box elements or one of the foresaid extension elements. With reference to figures 3(a) and (b) , element G or H represent an example of the intermediate

connecting element. These consent to combine in a flexible way other distancing elements as highlighted in figure 3. Please note that figure 3 represents a configuration as an example.

The person of this branch knows that it is possible to build other configurations starting the one illustrated, for example by omitting parts H and D more on the right, or adding a wanted number of paired parts H, D so to reduce or increase,

respectively, the distance among the panels.

In a fifth modification of the third form of realization, the modular distance box foresees that the distance box system (C-H) and at least a connector (B) include correspondent intermediate communicating cavities. With reference to the figure 2, for example, it is possible to reach a cavity in element D (for example in the horizontal part), a cavity in element F (for example in F2 part of element F) and a cavity in each of the elements B (for example, in each of the horizontal parts B2A) . Such cavities are such to extend along the whole length of the distancing elements F, D or of the connecters B and are such that, once the connectors B and elements F and D are placed, the cavities of each one communicate and extend from one part to the other of connectors B. Therefore, once the gauge box is

assembled, there will be a cavity resulting formed in the intermediate and cavity and culminating in two openings each in correspondence of one of the two connectors B. Therefore the openings will be facing the surfaces of each of the panels. The cavities according to the principle of the present invention, as evident even in all the present forms of realization and their modifications, allow a transpiration to the finished wall from part to part that eliminates or at least reduces the possibility to have condensation and consequent inconveniences. Therefore the healthiness and the conditions of habitation of the finished structure resulting are much improved. Please note that in the example described above, the cavity is formed by the

intermediate cavity extracted in the elements B2A-F2A-D2A-B2A. Although, other cavities can be predisposed, for example in parts B2B-F2B-etc... or in parts B2C-F2C-etc ... other cavities · can be even formed in elements E-C (same considerations for figure 3 and elements included, as for the variations of the examples illustrated in figures 1,2 or 3). Therefore, a

determined number of cavities and therefore a predetermined density of a cavity (for example per meter squared of the finished wall) can be obtained predisposing the number of the horizontal parts (F2A, F2B, F2c, etc..) presenting intermediate cavities. Varying such density it is therefore possible to vary the transpiration degree of the finished wall.

Regarding the form in section of the intermediate cavity or cavities, the same considerations already done regarding the first and second form of realization are here valid. In an example the cavity can be a hole, with constant and variable sections. Although other sections are possible. The cavities can be in an example straight, resulting for example in a cavity in which it is possible to see through from part to part. Although, it is also possible to see different forms in which the cavity does not extend in a straight way from one opening to another.

In a sixth modification of the third form of realization the modular distance box foresees that at least one among the foresaid connector and foresaid elements included in the

distancing system are supplied of pre cuts. As illustrated in detail as follows with reference to the figures, the precuts allow an ulterior increase of the system's modularity. Consider for example element F in figure 2 (a) , even if when we apply to all the elements and composed connectors the modular distance box and the various elements of this and other forms of 25

realization. The element F includes three horizontal parts F2A, F2B and F2C. Preferably the height of all of the element F is equal or correspondent to the maximum step in the vertical direction of the iron's position. Such parameter of the maximum step varies according to the present norms in the area in which the wall will be erected. It is supposed that such value corresponds to 30cm and that the height of element F is 25cm, therefore inferior of a certain margin to the maximum step. The iron will be positioned preferably in the ditches made in the part (convexity part) F2A. The prefixed distance by the ditches allows an easy placement of the iron. Figure 2 represents two ditches, although there could only be one or more than two according to the circumstances (please see also figure 8-11 for example) . The presence of more ditches allows to adapt the element in different exigency resulting by the structural calculation. Once the iron has been placed in the ditches, it is placed in a new modular distance box successively to the first in the vertical direction. On the ditches of this there will be the placement of new irons of the armor. Such situation can be obtained, as seen, throughout a high and low modular distance box, different or equal among themselves. In such way it is possible to obtain in definite a step in the vertical direction among the iron pieces equal to the height of element F, in the example in the consideration of 25 cm. In case the calculation requires the presence of more iron, for example with a step of 12.5 cm, in the state of art it is necessary to redesigned produce ex-novo of the distancing elements having the correct dimensions. According to the present system, it is possible to use the ditches of the horizontal part F2B and/or the ditches of the horizontal part F2C to place the iron. For example, in case part F2B is made for half of the height of element F, it will be possible to position iron with a step of approximately 12.5 cm in the vertical direction without having to redesign the entire element F or the entire system. The position of the iron can be made in. theory placing the iron rod in the opening delimited by 26

the parts F2A, F2B, F1A and FIB. Although, the operation results to be hard since each iron rod must center all the^' openings of all elements F present along the gauge boxes that compose the wall in the direction of the length of the wall. Furthermore, in such operation it could result to be impossible in case the gauge boxes are assembled starting the extremity of another wall already formed or for which the gauge boxes are already put to form (or rather, starting from an angle from which it is not possible to place the iron rods, typically long many meters) . Precuts made on the parts FlA and FIB positioned in

correspondence of the horizontal parts F2B (for example, lightly above or exactly in correspondence of F2B) allow to easily cut - for example on the jobsite - element F so that it is possible o proceed with the placement of the inferior part of element F now culminating with part F2B (being that the superior part is cut off) . On the ditches of this inferior part that remains is where the iron is placed. Successively, the superior part previously cut off ad inclusive of the part F2A is placed (therefore inserted in the gauge box as seen in the various forms of realization, directly or inside of the distance box system) above the culminating part with F2B. On the ditches of the part F2A is where the iron is placed. In such a way, it is possible to obtain the position of the iron with a step of approximately 12.5 cm thanks to the application of easy cuts in correspondence of the pre-cuts without the need to redesign ex novo the

building elements of the gauge box. Examples of pre-cuts are illustrated in the figure 13a and 13b and indicated with F4. The presence of the pre-cuts makes the cuts easier and guarantees that the cut is made at the right point. IN case the cut parts of the various elements F are accidentally mixed on the jobsite, the presence of the pre-cuts guarantees that their reassembly (even when different parts of F are mixed) result to be aligned on the reassembled structure. In other words, the presence of the pre-cuts guarantees an ulterior increase of the modularity of the modular distance box and gauge boxes of the present 27

invention keeping an elevated ease and flexibility in the assembly.

In a fourth form of realization of the present invention there is the supply of a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of isolating material, each of the foresaid two panels (A) supplied of first joining pieces and a modular distance box.

In a fifth form of realization of the present invention, a non- returnable gauge box is supplied inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of insulating material, each of the foresaid panels (A) supplied of the first joining pieces. The non-returnable gauge box also includes a modular low distance box and a modular high distance box, each of the foresaid high and low modular distance boxes include a modular distance box.

Furthermore, in this non-returnable gauge box the two opposite panels are adapted to match with the foresaid low and high modular distance box along a direction in which the foresaid panels extend to. This direction can be the vertical one of the panel so that the modular high and low distance box are aligned along the vertical direction when matching with the panel. In the placement, in an example it is sufficient that the high modular distance box is simply leaning on the low modular distance box once matching with the same panels. IN another example, the two modular distance boxes can be joint (with appropriate hooks or hooking mechanisms) , paired with pressure, etc... in other terms the first joining pieces are adapted to collect the modular high and low distance boxes along the same direction. For example the place (in an example a channel having a T section) in the panels A receives the correspondent profiles of the connectors B.

The modular distance box of the forth and/or fifth form of realization can be the type described in the third form of realization and correspondent modifications, which can be inter changed among themselves as evident to the reader. The modular distance box can be made even by the distancing pieces or by the distance system of the first and/or second form of realization.

In a modification of the forth or fifth form of realization, the non-returnable gauge box foresees a plurality of modular

distance boxes inclusive of at least two modular distance boxes supplied along a direction in the panel. In fact, a plurality of distance boxes, distance pieces or modular distance boxes (as for example by the figures, or as described in the invention or in the different forms of realization) are disposed on a certain distance one from another along a corresponding direction to the length of the wall. Among the two opposite panels, therefore, more mentioned distance boxes can be present in the

correspondent direction of the length of the wall. The number of the distance boxes and the step depends on the circumstances, for example in sight of the stability of the gauge boxes, of the effort that they must bear according to the cement that is drained inside them, by the percentage in plastic that is found in the finished part, etc... In an example, each of the panels can be drawn up with a plurality of first joining pieces (for example a plurality of vertical channels) at a determined step (equally or not uniformly distanced) along the correspondent direction of the length of the wall. In an execution phase of assembly, according to the necessity of the case, it is

therefore possible to decide how many and which of these first joining pieces (channels) to be used, otherwise in which to install the modular distance box. Please note that the present invention, in an example, foresees therefore gauge boxes inclusive of modular distance boxes along a first direction, the vertical one for example, and in a second direction

perpendicular to the first, for example horizontal and

correspondent to the length of the wall. 23

In a sixth form of realization of the present invention an assembly method is supplied for a non-returnable gauge box in which each gauge box includes two panels and a modular distance box and the modular distance box includes at least two

connectors and a distance box system. This method includes the matching phases of each■ of the two connectors (B) and. a

correspondent panel (A) and pair the modular distance box to the two connectors. In other words, the panels opposite one to another, for example parallel (even if they can each or both be leaning). Therefore the connectors B match in the panels. This operation can be carried out on the jobsite or before sending the components to the jobsite. The modular distance boxes are therefore assembled in the configuration necessary for having a preferred thickness (please see the various forms of realization and their modifications) and paired with the connectors B. IN case there is a low and high modular distance box, the low one is inserted first, and then the high one of the first. This operation repeated along the direction of the length of the wall for the first layer (for example the low one) for all of the panels disposed along the length of the wall; to this operation follows the placement of the iron and therefore the placement of a second layer and so on.

In a modification of the sixth form of realization of the present invention an assembly method is supplied in which the modular distance box includes a high modular distance box and a low modular distance box and the phase to pair the distance boxes s to the two connectors includes pairing the low distance box and the high distance box to the two connectors (B) .

The seventh form of realization of the present invention

supplies a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of a first and second internal opposite panels distanced and a first external panel. The two internal opposit panels are distanced through one of the distance pieces as d scribed for example in the other 30

forms of realization or as illustrated in the figures. The first of the mentioned internal opposite panels presents on an

external surf face to the gauge box of the first joining pieces suitable to match with second joining pieces furnished on the first mentioned external panel. The external surface is external in respect to the surface that will be exposed to^■ the cement, therefore external respect to the surface that will match with the distance boxes. Therefore the internal surface is the one that matches with the distance box pieces and that is in contact with the cement, meanwhile the external surface is the opposite one. Normally the opposite surface (external) is the one on which the plaster is placed on. In the present form of

realization, the surface of at least one of the mentioned panels welcomes an ulterior panel so that the thickness of the

insulation material that covers the finished part is greater. In such a way it is possible to increase the isolating panel adding in a series of other panels, without having to re design and produce new panels having a greater thickness. The

modularity of the gauge box has therefore increased.

According to a first modification of the first form of

realization, the mentioned first internal panel and mentioned first external panel are disposed in series (along the direction of the panel's thickness) when the mentioned first and second joining pieces are joint. A configuration is illustrated in figure 4, in which it is possible to see two panels being joint along the vertical direction. The joint panels in series form therefore a single panel having a thickness equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the panels started off with.

In a second modification of the seventh form of realization, the gauge box includes a second external panel inclusive of second joining pieces suitable to pair in series with the first joining pieces supplied in the mentioned second internal panel. In other words, the gauge box we started off with inclusive of two 31

internal panels can be supplied with two external panels, each supplied in series on each of the internal panels.

In a third modification of the seventh form of realization, the first external panel includes the first joining pieces on the opposite surface and the one inclusive of the mentioned second joining pieces. For example, each panel is supplied with joining pieces - for example female - on the internal surface and male joining pieces on the internal surface, so that it is possible to receive the female joining pieces of another panel so to increase the thickness of the resulting panel.

In a forth form of realization of the seventh form of

realization, the mentioned first and second joining pieces are adapted to allow a reversible match. In other words, the joining pieces are such to allow an easier separation of the panel's joint in series. Therefore, the use of the reversible pieces allows an easy assembly of the panel having the major thickness without having to turn to non reversible pieces such as glue, that require a longer time in placement, a minor precision of the final result (for example due to aligning problems) and for major flexibility.

In a fifth modification of the seventh form of realization the first and second joining pieces are suitable to allow coupling through a tran^'slatory way of a panel in respect to another, such situation is illustrated in figure 4, in which the two panels are coupled moving one of the panels respect to another along the vertical direction. A similar result can be obtained by putting the joining pieces along the horizontal direction.

An eighth form of realization of the present invention supplies a panel for non-returnable gauge box inclusive of the first joining pieces supplied on a first surface of the mentioned panel and second joining pieces supplied on a second surface of 32

the foresaid panel. The second surface is opposed to the first surface (along the direction of the panel's thickness); the first and second joining pieces have configurations suitable to receive, respectively, the foresaid second and first joining pieces Figure 4 illustrates two examples of panel according to this form of realization. Each panel includes a cavity A2, representing an example of the first joining pieces. At the same time, each panel includes a profile Al . The profile Al is such to be compatible with cavity A2, therefore such to make it possible to insert it in cavity A2 and to allow a reversible coupling of the two panels. As in the figures, cavity A2 and the profiles Al are supplied on opposite surfaces of the same panel. In such a way it is possible to connect in a series a number theoretically infinite of the panels. The panels can be made with equal or different thickness. In case the thicknesses are different, it is possible to connect more of them in series so to obtain a theoretically infinite possibility of thicknesses of the resulting panel. Designing different panels having each a different thickness and combining them in a different way it is possible to obtain ulterior combinations of thickness of the assembled panel.

In a first modification of the eighth form of realization, the first joining pieces includes determined number of cavities and the mentioned joining pieces include a same determined number of profiles, in which each of the mentioned cavities are such to be able to receive, respectively, one of the mentioned profiles. In other words, each panel can preset only a cavity A2 and a correspondent profile Al, therefore it can present a multiple repeated by regular intervals or less as long as each cavity A2 is supplied in correspondence of a profile Al of another panel. Figure 4 shows an example of different profiles and cavities.

Thanks to the solution given by this form of realization, clearly combinable with the others or their modifications, it is 3

possible to increase the panel's thickness by simply adding an ulterior panel (layer) without having to assembly the gauge box again. Therefore, the modularity has improved since it is possible to choose and obtain different thicknesses of the panels during the assembly phase without having to redesign the panels ex novo. In case the last panel of the series (even the most internal panel, in case its thickness is sufficient) is not joint in series,, the profile Al present on the external surface can be plastered so that it becomes smooth. Basically, the presence of the profile Al allows a better grip of the plaster on the panel. It is also possible to prepare smooth panels on one of the surfaces, better yet panels inclusive only of the first joining pieces on the internal surface and smooth on the external surface, especially in case you do not want to join (ulterior) other panels in series.

Figure 4 illustrates even profiles A3 and cavities A4 , both optional, disposed on the inferior and superior sides that extend themselves along the thickness of the panel. Such profiles A3 and cavities A4 allow a better positioning of the gauge boxes in the vertical direction, therefore improving the coupling of the gauge boxes along the vertical side when more gauge boxes are necessary in this direction so to realize a wa. having a height major to the height of the single gauge box.

As follows there will be the reference of other figures, illustrating major details of some examples to realize the elements constituting the distancing system of the forms of realization of the invention.

Figures 5a-5e demonstrates the different phases of the gauge box's assembly, of the iron's placement and at last of the cement's drainage. Figure 5 refers to an example of the gauge box as illustrated in figure 1 (please note that the elements C and E are disposed in different sequences (although, it is 34

evident that the considerations are valid since independent from the realization chosen in the modular distance box) , even though the phases apply to variations of the distance box system as described in the different forms of realization. In figure 5a you can see illustrated the gauge box in which the opposite panels are coupled with a low modular distance box. The coupling can be made for example inserting the connectors B in the channels present on each of the panels, then coupling to the connector on the left element E and at last coupling element C. It is evident that the phases can be interchangeable so that the configuration resulting as in figure 5a (for example assembling elements B-E-C-B and therefore inserting the assembled module in the channels of the opposite panels) .

Figure 5b illustrates the gauge box in which some pieces of iron were placed in correspondence of the low modular distance box. The low iron can be placed by one of the sides of the gauge box. Preferably, elements C and E are cut in correspondence of the pre-cuts C3 and D3 inferior before being put in the gauge box; only the inferior part to the pre-cuts is therefore inserted in. the gauge box, so that it is possible to place inside of the ditches at the bottom the first row of iron (the lower part in the figure) . The superior part (of the low distance box pre-cut) is therefore placed in the gauge box, and on the superior ditches is where the second row of iron is placed obtaining again the configuration of figure 5b. In other words, the configuration of the figure 5b can be obtained coupling the parts C and E and inserting the inferior row of the iron and placing the superior row of the iron; in alternative, pre- cutting parts C and E, inserting the inferior pre-cut part, placing the first row of iron, inserting the superior part pre- cut and placing the second row of iron.

Figure 5c illustrated the gauge box in which the high modular distance box is inserted. Even here the coupling phases of the various elements B, C, E and B can be interchanged as most convenient .

In figure 5d a third row of iron is placed in the ditches of the high modular distance box. The progress can be made with other gauge boxes along the horizontal direction in which the wall is developed. In the same way, the operation can be made arranging other gauge boxes on the arranged gauge box, so to develop the structure along the vertical.

Figure 5e shows the gauge box obtained through the phases of figure 5a-5d in which the cement is drained so to fill the space between the two opposite panels kept at the wanted distance through the modular distance box.

Figures 6a-6e illustrates the mounting phases with the use of a modular distance box as illustrated in figure 3. Figure 6° represents the low distance box coupled with the panels. The elements C-G-G are visible coupled with the connectors B and they are coupled with the opposite panels. As said previously, the phases in which the elements are coupled one with another are interchangeable. Figure 6b illustrates the gauge box in which a low part and an intermediate row of iron is arranged. The low row can be placed in one of the gauge box's sides. In alternative, you can cut the elements of the low distance box in correspondence of the pre-cuts; inserting the inferior cut part in connectors B; placing the low row of iron on the ditches; inserting the superior part previously cut and placing on this the intermediate row of iron. Successively, as showed in figure 6c, the high distance box is coupled with the panels and

connectors B. even here the phases in which the elements are coupled with one another can be interchangeable. Figure 6d shows the gauge box in which the superior row of iron is placed on the ditches. The procedure of figures 6a-6d can be repeated in the horizontal and vertical direction so to create a gauge box correspondent to the wall that you want to obtain. Figure 6e shows the assemble gauge box in which the cement is drained.

Figures 7a and 7b illustrate two views of an example of

connector B usable in one of the forms of realization of the invention. Part B3 represents a profile (or a guide) suitable to be placed with a correspondent channelling A2 present in one of the panels. Part Bl presents a clutch to hook with other

elements having a unilateral clip of the type E and F. Part B3 represents the male part meanwhile part Bl represents the female part to couple with the other elements. The female and male parts are interchangeable in all the elements. One of the advantages of the use of the elements such as type B consists in obtaining a simple system but precise, that holds the rigidity of the assembled structure. Element B presents even a hole B2 that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part. The connector in the example includes a single hole B2 positioned in correspondence of the horizontal part B2C. Although, the hole can be supplied on any of the other

horizontal elements B2A, B2B, B2C...; in alternative more holes can be found on more of such horizontal elements or on all of them, according to the grade of transpirability that is wanted.

Figures 8a and 8b represent an element C, also called "low connector", usable in the various forms of realization of the invention. The thickness can be any and chosen during the design and planning phase. Preferably the thickness is 10 cm, 15 cm, or 20 cm. CI represents a connection for the hooking to the held out tie (element B) , or at the unilateral clip (element E) , or at the clip (element G) . CI can be a simple connection,

denominated "male". C2 indicates the hole that allows

transpirability of the finished element mounted in its every part. C3 represents pre-cuts, through which the element can be easily reduced in height. As seen, this allows the thickening of the horizontal armours, in virtue of the calculations carried SI

out and of the different necessities that are presented. IN the present invention the pre-cuts are supplied as an example. In general every piece is usable, for example incisions carried out on one of the different components at a determined height that are needed to make the cut easier, since the pre-engraved part is more easy to cut integrally. Furthermore, through such pre- engraving is easy to guarantee that the integral cut is done at a controlled height.

Figure 9a and 9b represent an example of element D, called "high connector". The thickness can be of 10 cm, 15 cm or 20 cm, even though not^' limited in such values. Dl represents an example of connection for the hooking to the ties (element B) , or to the unilateral clip (element F) , or to the clip (element H) : this simple connection, denominated "male. D2 represents a hole that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part. The pre-cuts are indicated with D3, thanks to which the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal armours, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities that are presented.

Figure 10a and 10b represent another example of the connector C having a major thickness of the one illustrated in the figure 8a and 8b. The two elements are similar and present the same characteristics. The most noticed difference, attached to the thickness, consists in the number of the ditched that can be found in each horizontal part. In the case of figure 10, three ditches (C2A1, C2A2 and C2A3) are realized on each of the horizontal bar, meanwhile in the configurations of the figure 8 only two. The number of the ditches is only an example, it can vary for a determined length according to the needs of the structural calculation and of the distance that the iron must have among themselves once placed. The elements can also have a thickness even greater so to mend more ditches if necessary. 3H

Figures 11a and lib illustrate an example of element D having a major thickness of the one in figure 9. The same considerations made for figure 10 go for the example in figure 11 (see for example the number of ditches).

Figures 12a and 12b represent an example of realization of element E, also denominated "unilateral low clip" preferably having a thickness of 10 cm. Besides being an element of

junction, it can be also used as a continuous extension, with a step of cm. 10, to realize walls of various thicknesses

according to the planning conditions and of calculation. The thickness can be of any value according to the needs. El

represents a connection for the hooking of a tie (element B) . E2 represents a hole that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part. E3 represents a connection for the low hooking (element C) . The pre-cuts are indicated by E3, thanks to which the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal armours, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities that are presented time by time.

Figures 13a and 13b represent an example of realization of element F, also denominated (unilateral high clip", having preferably a width of cm 10 (even if other widths are realizable the same way) . Besides being a junction element, this can be used as a continuous extension, with a step of cm. 10 in the example, to realize walls of various thicknesses according to the planning conditions and those of calculations. Fl represents a connection for the hooking to the tie (element B) . F2

represents a hole that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part. 3 represent a connection for the hooking to the high connector (element D) . The pre-cuts are indicated by F4 thanks to which the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal armours, in 39

virtue of the calculations carried out and the different

necessities that are presented time by time.

Figure 14a represents an example of realization of the element G, also denominated "low clip", having a length in the example of 5 cm (although other widths are realizable) . This is an ulterior piece that if necessary can create measures

approximated of 5 cm, adding it to any combination effected.

Therefore it increases the modularity of the system. It

interposes among the low connector and the low unilateral clip. Gl represents a connection for the hooking to the low connector (element C) so to create a continuous extension among them and having various thicknesses. G2 represents a hole that allows the transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part .

Figure 14b shows an example of realization of the element H, also denominated "high clip", having in the example a width of 5 cm (although other widths are possible) . This is an ulterior piece that when needed can create approximate measures to 5 cm, adding any combination made. Therefore the system modularity has increased. This piece can be placed upon the low connector and the low unilateral clip. HI represents a connection for the hooking to the high connector (element D) so to create a

continuous extension among them and to have various thicknesses. H2 indicates a hole that allows the transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part.

The panel represented in the figure is an example in polyester. In some examples it preferably has a thickness of 5 cm or 7.5 cm. Different materials other than expanded polystyrene can be used, as long as they are suitable to guarantee certain

characteristics such as a determined thermal insulation. The panels are also distinguished by being flexible in terms of design and choice in the finishing materials. The panel can also 40

be smooth on the outside, or with a denture that allows the placement of more panels in series, as foreseen in a form of realization, so that the use of other fixing materials, allowing to solve . all of the problems of thermal insulation, acoustic and for the systems passage, creating this way, that extra thickness necessary according to the circumstances. Al represents a modular connection to allow the attachment of the panels among themselves, without other added elements (glue, screws, nails etc.). A2 represents a cavity for connection of the element B (tie) . A3 represents a superior and inferior denture of the panel, which allows any type of modularity of the walls in thickness (internal and external) with a fixed step of 2.5 cm in an example. As follows there will be the description of some of the advantages of the construction system according to the invention .

The gauge boxes of the present invention can be used to realize bearing walls o non in cement, straight or curved. The form of the panels in fact determined the form of the final wall and through an appropriate shadow of the panels different walls can be used. The building technology is applied for example to the residential or industrial buildings (plastering of ceilings, workshops, etc..) .

The advantages that are obtainable with the building system of the invention are substantial. The savings in terms of

realization timing and costs vary by a minimum of 15% up to reach a saving of 40% and above for a construction of the

"building work" equal to the realized quality (or superior) in respect to the traditional systems. Since the system results to be extremely simple, no specialized manpower is requested for the mounting on jobsite. Building with the gauge boxes of the invention allows to brief the realization time with

repercussions on the minor costs of rental of the machinery (scaffolding, crane etc), minor costs of manpower and therefore 41

lower financial costs. Furthermore, the industrialization of the jobsite allowed by production n the jobsite of the panels makes it certain and it is possible to quantify the cost and the time to build the building. It is also possible to guarantee

uniformity of the technical specification thanks to the

industrial production. The economies that are generated by the system refer also the wall assistance for the systems, which can be realized melting the polystyrene with fire and having the tubes pass fast and without getting the jobsite dirty.

Thanks to the modularity of the inventions' gauge boxes it is always possible to remain up to date with the new norms, the new technologies and with the change of request in the real estate business without having to redesign the various elements of the gauge box such as elements B-H or the panels themselves. The system of the invention realizes also bearing walls in cement (armed and non) and walls that are not bearing (diving walls) , straight or curve, and ceilings o whatever type of light.

The system' s modularity has improved thanks to the possibility to combine the elements in combination that is practically infinite. Thanks to this, there is the description of the elements type E and F also called "unilateral clips" (please see correspondent figures) and elements of type G and H, also called "clips". The function of these two types of elements consists in creating a sort of continuous extension, so to obtain variable thicknesses, according to the various needs, both for planning and seismic, thanks also to the distinction of the fittings denominated "male" and "female".

Inside the connectors it is possible to find the cavities, in an example constituted by holes, which, once the system is mounted, joining together they create a sort of communicating tunnel. Such cavities are drawn up transversally to the elements B-H allowing the transpirability of the wall's membrane. IN an 42

ulterior example, it is possible to create some cavities even in panels A, in correspondence of the module's cavities even n panels A, in correspondence of the module's cavities B and/or in different positions and in a determined number selected during the planning phase according to the degree of transpirability that is wanted.

As previously seen, the various connectors and clips that compose the system can be doted of pre-cuts. Thanks to these, the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal reinforcements, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities presented.

Given the modularity, dependability and to improve the

conditions of habitability that are realizable, the gauge boxes in the invention can be made for luxurious residential plans as for simple and repeated structures. Given that it is a "building system" it is possible to realize the structural part of the buildings in its wholeness, without having to go to other materials or technologies. Differently from many other systems, the present invention allows to consign the panels on jobsite not preassembled limiting and optimizing the costs of

transportation due to the reduction of volume. Such thing makes the system, of the invention rapid and economical. The panels and building accessories are light and therefore easy to move around, making the assembly fast on jobsite even if different thicknesses are requested. Also, the indirect coupling of the connectors in respect to the panel in polystyrene through the use of the tie, allows a more simple assembly, and realization of the different configurations of thickness.

The realization of the "energy efficient building" is the moment's priority. A good insulation cuts the costs of Energy and results to be a benefit for the environment. Thanks to the materials such as EPS certified that forms the isolating layers 4!3

of the panels, it is possible to obtain permanently isolated buildings and without thermal bridges. As evident other

materials can be used according to the degree of isolation desired.

In the case of walls made with gauge boxes according to the invention, the assembled system gives origin to a single block construction continuous in sets of cement, and therefore without the possibility for the fire to extend through. Depending on the thickness of the lay of cement, by the type of isolating

material inserted and by the cover in iron created inside, the resistance to fire REI is variable in the range REI 120 - REI 180.

From a seismic point of view, the structures made with the building system of the present invention presents the typical advantages of the systems of bearing walls, characterized by minor flexibility under the action of horizontal strengths. The coefficient of structures typical of the system, necessary to plan according to the DM 14.01.2008 and according to the Euro codes exceeds a lot of what the constructions in cement.

The building system of the invention allows to make any type of architectural form (included arches, steps, vaults, etc.) although the regularity and repeating of the forms allows, in respect to the known techniques, to fasten the phases realized and therefore to optimize the economy of the interventions.

The building system of the invention can be classified "at bearing walls". A correct architectural convention and

structural of a job realized with a system of bearing walls gives high structural rigidity, and avoid totally the use of pillars and reduces enormously the light of the beams (since the ceilings can sit directly on the walls) . This reflects on the economies of realization and on the solidness of the structure, 44

allowing to contain the thickness of the ceilings, limiting the pressure in the foundations and therefore reducing the amounts of necessary reinforcements.

The building technology of the invention offers different advantages. They derive from the peculiar properties of the panels that allow to obtain constructions with elevated

characteristics in quality (resistance, duration, and thermo acoustic resistance) , simplifying the logistic of jobsite and speeding realization. In respect to a traditional wall in blocks, with the present invention it is possible to obtain stronger structural elements and more resistant even in the event of a strong seismic stroke, also with elevated thermal insulation and economically competitive. Furthermore the walls SBP result resistant to fire for more than 120 minutes- ( correspondent to the certifications REI 120) .

As far as thermal insulation, a wall with a finished thickness of 25 cm is sufficient to satisfy for example the requests established in Italy starting 2010 by the D.Lgs. 192/05 for any climate area in Italy. This is thanks to the low transmission o the polystyrene sheets that eliminate any thermal bridge. With range of products in continuous evolution that goes from walls to ceilings, the building technology of the invention reduces the consumes in energy up to 50% in respect to the traditional constructions .

The bearing parts realized with the technology of the invention is necessary walls in cement inclusive of layers of thermal insulated material. From this characteristic is where we have high strength of the product and the possibility to use it with bearing function even in seismic areas of class one without the need of ulterior structural elements. 45

The building technology SBP, for its peculiarity to obtain according to the used panel supporting walls in cement or weakly cemented, with elevated characteristics of resistence, is ideal for the constructions in seismic areas, responding perfectly to the requests of the new norms (DM 14.01.2008 e Eurocodes). The other grade of versatility of technology makes it adequate to realize buildings with more levels for any destination of use and type.

The simplicity of construction of the system of the gauge boxes in the invention, together with their extreme lightness and versatility gives a series of economies realizable that consent to reduce up to 50% the construction timing. The elevated

"technological concentration" of the walls obtained with the gauge boxes of the invention allows to realize bearing walls with reduced thickness, all in advantage of the internal

surfaces, in full respect to all the present norms. The

construction costs (and the timing of realization) of a wall realized with the technology according to the invention is in any case inferior to a wall of equal characteristics realized with traditional methods.

Starting with the base components of the system (panels and connectors plus ties brought on jobsite) it is possible to realize structures, plastering, and internal walls, adding only manpower, reinforcement and cement. This reveals extremely important since it reduces the number of suppliers, allowing major rapidity and minor costs. The lightness of the panels avoids the use of machinery to lift for the execution of

buildings on one level and allows using lifting machines of limited dimensions for buildings with more levels, making it simple for the use of different situations and allowing the work in different heights without any difficulty. The panels are placed easily, placed side by side and uniting them with a cannel overlapping with what supplied in the panel, aligned and 46

vertically placed with a horizontal bar system. The walls with a few operations described result ready to be completed with the laid cement. You can consider even the ulterior operative advantages: In not optimal environmental conditions, the polyester protects the lay of thermal excursions allowing a normal process of cements accrue; the traces are realized with simple flows of hot air that withdraw the polyester; the plumbing ad electrical wiring are found inside the polyester.

The building system of the invention uses a light material (such as polystyrene) which is the box (box is often used to mean gauge box in the sense of the present invention) that is non- returnable (obtaining a full wall in cement) . In such way it is possible to join the advantages of the prebuilt, to make the support (or the box) of the cement and those of the realization of structures put in place, characterized by a multiplicity definitely superior to the structures in prebuilt sets of the traditional type. The gauge boxes of the invention allow to realize buildings according to the "building method of bearing walls in cement". Such building method, in general, relates to the building technology of the bearing panels in cement weakly armed (or partially) , realized in work, fully used (according similar types) at an international level.

The building system of the invention, for its internal nature, allows to obtain seismic service superior to the minimum

services required by the prime norms internationally and therefore satisfies, with low costs, the services attended by. society. The building system of the invention in fact allows to realize structures with boxed behaviour entirely constituted by nucleus in sets of cement armed or weakly armed, that guarantee an optimal resistance towards the horizontal actions. It is possible to demonstrate how a bearing set realized according to the present invention with the length equal to 5 meters and the height equal to 10 meters (typical case of a small villa on 4 /

three levels) on which are found the weights related to

approximately 25 mq per floor (with reference therefore to floors of light equal to 5,00 meters leaning on the set in examination) is able to carry the horizontal actions given by an earthquake characterized by period of return equal to 475 years (and maximum acceleration to the foot of construction PGA equal to approximately 0,4 g) keeping the entire construction in a still elastic linear camp and allowing an immediate habitation (Immediate Occupancy). It is possible to realize that the use of the floor even with gauge boxes according to the present

invention at a reduction of the weight transmitted by the horizontal of the vertical structures, valuable at 25%, even in the development of the buildings damaged by the earthquake this value results to be very important and bearer of notable

advantages .

Even more the coupling of the seismic insulation systems with a superior structure characterized by an elevated rigidness (as exactly the structures in bearing sets in cement laid in work) allows an optimal structural behaviour because it brings an ideal "unpairing" between structures and insulation . systems . In fact it is defined as "degree of insulation" and its the period of the insulated system and the one of the structures for itself. Generally the proper period of the isolated system goes around 2 - 3 seconds. The proper period of a structure on three floors in cement with a framed structure is characterized for proper periods around 0,3 seconds that bring in degrees of insulation equal to approximately 7. similar structures in bearing sets are characterized, instead, for proper periods approximately of 0,1 seconds, which brings degrees of insulation for structures of walls realized according to the invention placed on isolators equal to 20-30, therefore obviously superior to those of similar systems with framed structures. Therefore the innovative coupling "insulation at base-structures in sets 48

in cement", brings to have optimized (and optimal) seismic services of such mitigation systems of the seismic action. ^■

The elements B-H described above are made in an example in polyprylene at high resistance. In such a way it is possible to have a resistant structure and at the same time light. Although even the other materials are usable, not necessarily plastic but even metal for example.

In the various pairing systems you will find the description of male and female parts. Please note that various machines can be used (for example guide/connector; profile/channel; pressure; with closing system for hook and unhook; etc.). Please note also that the male parts can be switched with the female ones and vice versa.

The elements B-H represented in the figures 7-14 present one single hole. Although more holes can be made for each element. The hole is only an example to realize the cavities. Other forms, section are usable.

Regarding the widths of the various elements A-H, some values are supplied as an example, although any type of width can be chosen for each part according to the circumstance.

Please note that the modifications described above are able to match one with the other as evident by the figures or the description and also as evident by the expert person of that branch at the base of the description, figure, demand

furthermore, as evident by the expert person of the branch, the various forms of realization are between them combinable as for the modifications of each form of realization is combinable with the other forms of realization or correspondent modification. The ditches present in each of the elements B-H are described above. Please note that the horizontal parts (for example 49

reference to figure 2, the parts F2A, ... F2C of element F) form an empty space. Inside this it is possible to optionally supply plumbing or some parts of the system. The use of pre-cuts can allow the positioning of such plumbing (for example for electric wiring, plumbing, heating, networks, etc..) or parts of the systems.

As described above, the elements B-H (as the panels, according to an ulterior option) can be supplied with cavities that, when aligned one with the other, form a communicating cavity that allows the transpiration through the finished wall between the two surfaces of the wall itself. The two elements most external (for example the connectors B) will have two openings facing towards the respective internal surfaces of the panels. In order to allow an accurate alignment of the cavities and correspondent openings it is possible to supply on each of the mentioned elements B-H a stop system (not illustrated in the figures). The stop system can be realized for example through some outlines realized on the surfaces of the joining pieces, so that the coupling of the two elements continues up to reach a

correspondent stop. A stop is therefore an outline realized on the joining pieces so that for example by inserting the element E in the connector B, the pairing can go forward up to reaching a stop (a denture) realized in the connector B. the denture is realized so that the openings of the cavities of elements B and E of this example are communicating. With reference to figure 12a, for example, a stop can be supplied in the element E joining the lower or inferior part of the denture SE with the surface of the part E3. in such a way, when an element (for example C or D) is inserted in the channel E3, the element C or D cannot go over the denture SE since this (thanks to the joining part) will not allow an ulterior flow of element C or D towards the low part. The stop can be supplied even in

correspondence of another denture SE. a stop can be supplied on each of the elements B-H. the joining pieces described in the 50

invention are preferably reversible, therefore such to allow a separation of the elements once paired. Preferably, the joining pieces are such to allow the pairing through a translative way. Better yet, through the slide of a profile in a correspondent connection so to place it or un place it. Other systems such as hooks can be foreseen. The advantaged of the pieces based on the traslatory ways consists n the easiness of assembling the elements together. The devices, methods of building and methods of assembly can be produced at an industrial level and applied in the building construction sector. The object and scope of the invention are obtained and defined by the demand. The present description with the different examples allows understanding more easily the scope of the invention, although it does not limit it in the sphere that is defined in demand.

Claims

A formwork that stays in place comprising: two panels (A) of an insulating material facing each other, each of said panels comprising first coupling means for coupling with spacing means; spacing means (Z, A-H) comprising two ends spaced by a predetermined length, each of said two ends having second coupling means adapted to couple to said first coupling means; the formwork characterized in that said spacing means (Z, A-H) comprise a cavity that extends from one of said two ends to the other of said two ends along said predetermined length, said cavity provided with two apertures each in correspondence of one of said ends and such that they are facing the surfaces of said panels when said first and second coupling means are coupled to each other.

The framework that stays in place according to claim 1, wherein said first coupling means comprise a recess in correspondence with at least one of said facing panels and said second coupling means comprise a profile adapted to couple to said recess.

The framework that stays in place according to claim 1 or wherein the spacing means comprise a spacing element havin said predetermined length and the cavity comprises a hole extending over said predetermined length of said spacing element . 52

4. The framework that stays in place according to claim 1 or 2, wherein

- said spacing means comprise a spacing system and two . . connecting elements, each of the two connecting elements provided with said second coupling means for coupling with corresponding first coupling means provided on each of said facing panel, the two connecting elements corresponding to said ends;

- said cavity comprises several intermediate communicating cavities extending in contiguity through said spacing system and said connecting elements; and

- said apertures are respectively provided on said

connecting elements.

5. The framework that stays in place according to claim 4,

wherein said spacing system comprises one or more spacing elements coupled to each other.

6. A spacing system for frameworks comprising two facing

panels, the spacing system comprising spacing means comprising two ends separated by a

predetermined length, each of said ends having first

coupling means adapted to couple with corresponding second coupling means provided on said facing panels, the spacing system characterized in that said spacing means comprise a cavity extending from one of said ends to the other of said ends over said predetermined 53

length, said cavity provided with two apertures each in correspondence with one of said ends.

A spacing system according to claim 6, wherein the apertures are such that they face the surfaces of said panels when . the first and corresponding second coupling means are coupled with each other.

A spacing system according to claim 7, wherein the spacing means comprise a spacing element having a predetermined length and the cavity comprises a hole extending along said predetermined length of .said spacing element.

A spacing system according to claim 7, wherein

- said spacing means comprise a spacing system and two connecting elements, each of the two connecting elements provided with said second coupling means for coupling wit corresponding first coupling means provided on each of sa facing panels, the two connecting elements corresponding said ends;

- said apertures are respectively provided on said

connecting elements.

A modular spacer comprising:

- at least one connector (B) provided with second coupling means and third coupling means, said second coupling means 54

adapted to couple with first coupling means provided on at least a panel of a framework that stays in place (A) ;

- a spacing system (C-H) provided with fourth coupling means adapted to couple with said third coupling means.

The modular spacer according to claim 10, wherein the first coupling means comprises a recess in correspondence of at least one of said facing panels (A) and said second coupling means comprise a profile adapted to be coupled with said recess .

The modular spacer according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said spacing system (C-H) comprises at least one spacing element (C-F) comprising two ends and in which said at least one spacing element (C-F) is provided with said fourth coupling means on at least one of said ends.

The modular spacer according to claim 12, wherein said spacing system (C-H) comprises at least on extending element (E, F) comprising two ends, wherein one of said two ends is provided with said fourth coupling means and the other end is provided with further coupling means adapted to be coupled with one of said spacing elements (C-F) .

The modular spacer, according to any of claims 12 or 13, wherein said spacing system (C, D, E, F, G, H) comprises at least an intermediate connecting element (G, H) comprising two ends, wherein at least one of the two ends is adapted to couple 55

with at least one of said spacing elements or one of said extending elements.

The modular spacer according any of claims 10 to 14, wherein said spacing system (C-H and at least said one connector (B) comprises corresponding intermediate communicating cavities.

The modular spacer according to any of claims 10 to 14, wherein at least one among said connector and said elements comprised in the spacing system are provided with pre-cuts.

A framework that stays in place comprising:

- two facing panels (A) of insulating material, each of said two panels (A) provided with first coupling means;

- a modular spacer according to one of claim 10 to 16. A framework that stays in place comprising :

- a low modular spaces and a high modular spacer, each of said low and high modular spacers comprising a modular spacer according to one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the two facing panels are adapted to couple with low said modular spacer and with said high modular spacer along a direction in which said panels extend.

The framework that stays in place according to one of claims 17 and 18, wherein a plurality of modular spacers comprising 56

at least two modular spacers is provided long the direction of the panel.

Method for assembling a framework that stays in place, the framework comprising two panels and a modular spacer, the modular spacer comprising at least two connectors and a spacing system, the method comprising the steps of: pling each of two connectors (B) to a corresponding panel

coupling the modular spacer to the two connectors.

The method of assembling according to claim 20, wherein the modular spacer comprises a high modular spacer and a low modular spacer and the step of coupling the spacer to the two connectors comprises coupling the low spacer and the high spacer to the two connectors (B) .

Framework that stays in place comprising a first and a second of two spaced facing internal panels and a first external panel, wherein said first of said facing internal panels is provided on a surface external to the framework with first coupling means adapted to couple with second coupling means provided on said first external panel.

The framework according to claim 22, wherein said first internal panel and said first external panel are arranged series when said first and second coupling means are

coupled. 57

The framework according to claim 22 or 23, comprising a second external panel comprising second coupling means adapted to couple in series with first coupling means provided on said second internal panel .

The framework according to one of claims 22 to 24, wherein said first external panel comprises said first coupling means on the surface opposite to that one comprising said second coupling means.

The framework according to any of claims 21 to 25, wherein said first and second coupling, means are adapted to allow a reversible coupling.

The framework according to any of claims 22 to 26, wherein said first and second coupling means are adapted to allow the coupling by means of a translation movement of one panel relative to the other.

A panel for a framework that stays in place, said panel comprising first coupling means provided on a first surface of said panel and second coupling means provided on a second surface of said panel, wherein said second surface is opposite to the first surface, wherein said first and second coupling means have configurations adapted to receive, respectively, said second and first coupling means.

The panel for a framework that stays in place according to claim 28, wherein said first coupling means comprise a given number of cavities and said second coupling means comprise the same given number of profiles, wherein each of said cavities is such that it is capable to receive,

respectively, one of said profiles.