Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
  • H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
  • H04W52/146—Uplink power control
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
  • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
  • H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
  • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
  • H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
  • H04W52/244—Interferences in heterogeneous networks, e.g. among macro and femto or pico cells or other sector / system interference [OSI]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
  • H04W52/36—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
  • H04W52/367—Power values between minimum and maximum limits, e.g. dynamic range
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
  • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
  • H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR, Eb/lo
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
  • H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
  • H04W52/283—Power depending on the position of the mobile

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus, method and computer program product related to power control setting in a low power network node.
• the present invention is related to a mechanism for setting power control setting for uplink power control in a network element controlling a communication connection to and from a user equipment, such as a base station or an eNodeB controlling a small cell, e.g. a so-called femto cell (also referred to Local eNB (LeNB) or Home eNB (HeNB) ) .
• a so-called femto cell also referred to Local eNB (LeNB) or Home eNB (HeNB)
• LeNB Local eNB
• HeNB Home eNB
• communication networks e.g. of wire based communication networks, such as the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), or wire ⁇ less communication networks, such as the cdma2000 (code di ⁇ vision multiple access) system, cellular 3rd generation (3G) communication networks like the Universal Mobile Tele- communications System (UMTS) , cellular 2nd generation (2G) communication networks like the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) , the General Packet Radio System
• wire based communication networks such as the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
• wire ⁇ less communication networks such as the cdma2000 (code di ⁇ vision multiple access) system
• cdma2000 code di ⁇ vision multiple access
• 3G 3rd generation
• UMTS Universal Mobile Tele- communications System
• 2G 2nd generation
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• EDGE Wireless Local Area Network
• WiMax Worldwide Interopera ⁇ bility for Microwave Access
• 3GPP 3rd Genera ⁇ tion Partnership Project
• Telecoms & Internet con ⁇ verged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks TISPAN
• ITU International Telecommunication Union
• 3GPP2 3 rd Gen ⁇ eration Partnership Project 2
• IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
• IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• interme- diate network elements such as control network elements, support nodes, service nodes and interworking elements are involved which may belong to different communication net ⁇ works .
• femto cells provide significant benefits that help operators considering the investment.
• the most common benefits result in an off-loading of macro radio network traffic to femto nodes, improving coverage and/or capacity locally in a cost-effective manner, and im ⁇ plementing home-zone services to increase revenue.
• an apparatus comprising an obtainer configured to obtain a relational parameter based on a re ⁇ lationship between a network node of a first cell and a network node of a second cell, and a processor configured to calculate an uplink transmission power related parameter used for determining an uplink transmission power for the first cell based on the relational parameter.
• the relationship may be a relative position of the network node of the first cell and the network node of the second cell;
• a downlink path-loss parameter may be measured in the network node of the first cell relative to the network node in the second cell to determine the relational parame ⁇ ter, and a theoretical transmission power value of a trans ⁇ mission in the second cell for the network node located in the first cell may be calculated on the basis of power con- trol parameters of the second cell, wherein the power con ⁇ trol parameters of the second cell may comprise at least a parameter indicating an averaged target signal-to- interference-noise ratio and a parameter indicating a frac ⁇ tional path-loss compensation factor of the second cell;
• a margin parameter may be obtained, and a maximum uplink transmission power in the first cell may be determined on the basis of the margin parameter and the theo ⁇ retical transmit power value;
• a second path loss parameter indicating an estimated worst case path loss in the first cell may be received, and the uplink transmission power related parameter for the first cell may be calculated on the basis of the second path loss parameter and the maximum uplink transmission power;
• - transmission power related parameters may be deter ⁇ mined in the network node of the second cell for obtaining the relational parameter, and/or information from may be received an external network node indicating the relational parameter;
• the first cell may be a small area cell served by a local network control node
• the second cell may be a macro cell served by another network control node using a higher transmission power than the local network control node ;
• the second cell may be identified as a macro cell on the basis of information provided by the another network control node;
• - information concerning the uplink transmission power related parameter may be transmitted to a user equipment located in the first cell, the information further compris ⁇ ing a path loss parameter indicating an estimated worst case path loss in the first cell, and/or a path loss pa ⁇ rameter indicating a path loss between the first cell and the second cell, and/or an adjustable parameter;
• an indication may be received from a user equipment connected to the first cell that a path loss between the user equipment and the network node of the first cell is higher than a predetermined value, wherein the predeter- mined value may be related to an estimated worst case path loss in the first cell, and in reaction to the indication, a connection of the user equipment to the first cell may be inhibited or a handover of the user equipment from the first cell may be initiated;
• the processing may be executed or located in a local network control node controlling the first cell, or in an external network node connected to the local network con ⁇ trol node and controlling the local network control node.
• a method comprising receiving an uplink transmission power related parameter from a network node controlling a communication in a first cell, the transmission power related parameter is based on a rela- tional parameter based on a relationship between the network node of the first cell and a network node of a second cell, receiving a path loss parameter indicating an path loss relative to the network node in the first cell, and calculating an uplink transmission power for a transmission in the first cell based on the transmission related parame ⁇ ter and the path loss parameter.
• an apparatus comprising a receiver configured to receive an uplink transmission power related parameter from a network control node controlling a communication in a first cell, the transmission power related parameter is based on a relational parameter based on a re- lationship between a network node of the first cell and a network node of a second cell, and to receive a path loss parameter indicating a path loss relative to the network node in the first cell, and a processor configured to cal ⁇ culate an uplink transmission power for a transmission in the first cell based on the transmission related parameter and the path loss parameter.
• the received path loss parameter may indicate an es ⁇ timated worst case path loss in the first cell
• a path loss parameter indicating a path loss relative to the network node in the first cell may be deter ⁇ mined, the determined path loss parameter may be compared with the estimated worst case path loss path loss parame ⁇ ter, and if the determined path loss parameter is greater than the estimated worst case path loss parameter, a commu ⁇ nication connection in the first cell may be terminated, and/or an indication may be sent to the network control element of the first cell that the determined path loss pa ⁇ rameter is greater than the estimated worst case path loss parameter;
• an initial transmission power value may be obtained, and the initial transmission power value may be used as the uplink transmission power until a path loss parameter indicating a path loss for a communication in the first cell is determined;
• a path loss parameter indicating a path loss relative to the network node in the second cell may be deter ⁇ mined, wherein the received path loss parameter may indi ⁇ cate a path loss between the network node in the first cell and the network node in the second cell, and the uplink transmission power for a transmission in the first cell may be calculated based on the transmission related parameter, the determined path loss parameter and the received path loss parameter;
• an adjustable parameter may be used, wherein the adjustable parameter may be set on the basis of information related to the determined path loss parameter and/or the received path loss parameter;
• the first cell may be a small area cell served by a local network control node
• the second cell may be a macro cell served by another network control node using a higher transmission power than the local network control node ;
• the processing may be executed in a user equipment located in the first cell.
• a computer program product for a computer comprising software code portions for performing the steps of the above defined method, when said product is run on the computer.
• the computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium on which said software code portions are stored.
• the computer program product may be directly loadable into the internal memory of the computer and/or transmittable via a network by means of at least one of upload, download and push procedures .
• the HeNB such that is can autono ⁇ mously set or adjust the power control parameters in a man ⁇ ner that interference is minimized.
• specific parameters related, for example, to a path loss, in the transmission power control calculation it is possible to avoid interference or unsuitable connection of a UE to a femto cell, for example, by suitably controlling a handover of the UE trying to communicate in the femto cell to another (e.g. the macro) cell.
• Fig. 1 shows a diagram illustrating an example of an interference situation in a communication network having macro and femto cells.
• Fig. 2 shows a diagram illustrating a further example of an interference situation in a communication network having macro and femto cells.
• Fig. 5 shows a flow chart illustrating a procedure for set ⁇ ting power control parameters according to another example of embodiments of the invention.
• Fig. 7 shows a flow chart illustrating a procedure for set ting power control parameters according to another example of embodiments of the invention.
• Fig. 8 shows a block circuit diagram illustrating a structure of an apparatus configured to execute a power control parameter setting according to an example of embodiments of the invention.
• Fig. 10 shows a block circuit diagram illustrating a struc ture of an apparatus configured to execute a power control parameter setting according to another example of embodiments of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• a communica ⁇ tion system which may be based on a 3GPP LTE system where a base station functionality is provided by an eNB for a wide area cell and by an HeNB (as an example for an LeNB) for a femto cell.
• a base station functionality is provided by an eNB for a wide area cell and by an HeNB (as an example for an LeNB) for a femto cell.
• HeNB as an example for an LeNB
• the present in ⁇ vention is not limited to an application in such a system or environment but is also applicable in other communica ⁇ tion systems, connection types and the like.
• a basic system architecture of a communication network may comprise a commonly known architecture of a wired or wire ⁇ less access network subsystem.
• Such an architecture comprises one or more access network control units, radio ac ⁇ cess network elements, access service network gateways or base transceiver stations, with which a user equipment is capable to communicate via one or more channels for trans ⁇ mitting several types of data.
• the general functions and interconnections of these elements are known to those skilled in the art and described in corresponding specifi ⁇ cations so that a detailed description thereof is omitted herein.
• the network elements such as the HeNB, UE, OAM entity and the like, and their functions described herein may be implemented by software, e.g. by a computer program product for a computer, or by hardware.
• correspond ⁇ ingly used devices such as an eNB, HeNB, network element like OAM entity etc., UE and the like, comprise several means and components (not shown) which are required for control, processing and communication/signaling functionality.
• Such means may comprise, for example, a processor unit for executing instructions, programs and for processing data, memory means for storing instructions, programs and data, for serving as a work area of the processor and the like (e.g.
• ROM read-only memory
• RAM random access memory
• EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
• input means for inputting data and instructions by software (e.g. floppy diskette, CD-ROM, EEPROM, and the like)
• user interface means for providing monitor and manipulation possibilities to a user (e.g. a screen, a keyboard and the like)
• inter ⁇ face means for establishing links and/or connections under the control of the processor unit (e.g. wired and wireless interface means, an antenna, etc.) and the like.
• an adaptive uplink power control scheme may be used.
• an LTE uplink power control mechanism as described in 3GPP TS 36.213 v.8.8.0 may be used as the ba ⁇ sis for power control, for example.
• the uplink power control controls the transmit power of different uplink physical channels.
• PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
• PL is the downlink path loss estimate calculated in the UE in dB
• ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is an offset value calculated by UE from parame ⁇ ters configured by higher layers
• the setting of the UE transmit power for a sub-frame number i may be defined by: (0 — ⁇ n rCMAX ' + ⁇ n CQI ' HARQ )+ K(i) ⁇ (2) where
• h(n) is a PUCCH format dependent value which depends on the number information bits for the channel quality information used and the number of HARQ (Hybrid Auto ⁇ matic Repeat Request) bits
• interference represents a significant issue in particular for HeNB deployment.
• the reason is that initial operator deployments may use the same frequency for both the HeNB and the macro networks .
• femto cells on the cell edge have been identified to be the critical ones.
• a user i.e. a UE 1 which is connected to a macro cell 4 (controlled by a corresponding network control node like an eNB 3) , but which is close to a femto cell 5 (controlled by a corresponding local network control node like a HeNB) which is located relatively far away from its serving (macro) eNB 3 may face a weak signal component from the macro cell, but a strong interference component from the femto cell 5 (from the HeNB thereof) .
• the number of HeNBs lo ⁇ cated in the macro cell coverage area is to be considered. In case this number is high, the management of HeNBs may be difficult. For example, in case no interface between macro eNBs and the HeNBs, such as an X2 interface in 3GPP LTE), there exists no coordination capability. Therefore, accord ⁇ ing to examples of embodiments of the invention, a high de- gree of self-configuration for the local network control nodes like the HeNB is provided.
• the problem of wide area (macro) cell performance re ⁇ duction due to an interference from HeNBs may be solved by adjusting the transmission (TX) power of the HeNBs such that HeNBs in large distance to the Macro eNB reduce their power.
• TX transmission
• this can be done by the HeNB autono ⁇ mously, provided that it has the capability of measuring the signal strength of downlink reference signals, e.g. be ⁇ fore switching on the HeNB (also referred to as "neighbor listening mode”) .
• Another approach may be to use UE measurements of users connected to the macro eNB, which however requires a communication between the macro eNB and the re ⁇ spective HeNB and is thus rather complex.
• one solution may be to adjust the HeNB power control parameters such that its users (UEs connected to the femto cell) transmit always with a very small power. Based on the above described power control formulas (1) and (2), this means that small P0 values (such as P 0 PUCCH and/or P 0 PUS CH settings) are to be used. From a purely signal strength perspective this solution may be justified by the typically very small cell area of a HeNB. However, the interference level at HeNBs may be rather high, since interfering macro UEs may be located closely. This is in particular an issue for HeNB (femto) cells located close to the cell edge.
• P0 values such as P 0 PUCCH and/or P 0 PUS CH settings
• a femto cell being at the (macro) cell edge could use very high POs, while it is noted that such a femto cell is less critical to the uplink transmis ⁇ sion of the macro cells (in other words, the users con- nected to far HeNBs represent only a small interference risk for the macro eNB) .
• a femto cell located close to the macro eNB may be critical for the macro cell with regard to interference, while it is noted that such a femto cell may use a small P0 value.
• power control parameters of a HeNB are set or adjusted ac ⁇ cording to the position of the femto cell (i.e. the HeNB) with respect to the served area of the "umbrella" macro eNB .
• the power control parameters may be set/adjusted autono ⁇ mously by the HeNB.
• the HeNB is configured to obtain information related to surrounding macro eNBs, for example by performing suit ⁇ able measurements. For example, those measurements may be executed during specific idle or MBSFN (multicast broadcast single frequency network) subframes. For example, in an LTE based communication system, those measurements are called
• HeNB may act as an UE (also referred to as UE mode), i.e. as if the HeNB is a UE of the macro cell, in case of LTE FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) .
• the HeNB may be configured to detect the power con ⁇ trol parameters of the macro eNB from reading broadcast in ⁇ formation from the macro eNB, by getting neighbour cell in- formation or by obtaining corresponding information from an Operation and Maintenance Entity (OAM) .
• OAM Operation and Maintenance Entity
• a second path loss parameter may be received, which parameter indicates an estimated worst case path loss in the first cell.
• the transmission power related parameters for the first cell are then calculated also on the basis of the estimated worst case path loss value wherein the maximum uplink transmission power calculated on the basis of the theoretical transmission power and the margin parameter is still considered.
• Identification of the second cell as a macro cell to be considered may be based, for example, on information pro ⁇ vided by the eNB of the macro cell, for example by the transmission power and bandwidth value setting of the macro eNB which is read by the HeNB from macro eNB broadcast can- nel, and/or determining that the scanned macro eNB utilizes open subscriber group type scrambling code (as a femto cell (the HeNB thereof) is likely to use CSG) .
• FIG. 4 shows a procedure for setting power control parameters ac ⁇ cording to a further example of embodiments of the inven- tion.
• Fig. 4 shows a procedure executed in the HeNB operating autonomously.
• a theoretical transmit power value (or trans ⁇ mission power value) P TX is determined on the basis of power control parameters of the macro cell (the macro eNB) .
• the HeNB evaluates, being in a UE mode, the transmit power P TX which it would be using if it were scheduled by the macro eNB (i.e. if it were a UE operating in the macro cell) .
• the evaluation may be based, for exam ⁇ ple, on the above power control equation (1) for the physi ⁇ cal uplink control channel or the power control equation (2) for the physical uplink shared channel. Which of these equations (1) and (2) is used may be preconfigured or pa ⁇ rameterized by OAM.
• the (theoretical) transmit power may be calculated in a simplified form like
• a maximum transmission power is determined in step S30 on the basis of the theoretical transmit power P TX and the margin value.
• the maximum transmission power allowed for the UEs may be limited to a value being equal to or less than P TX - Pmargin-
• the margin parameter may be obtained in step S20 by being signalled by the network via OAM, or may be a preconfigured value stored in the HeNB.
• a path loss parameter may be obtained, for example from the net ⁇ work (e.g. the OAM) which indicates a "worst case path loss" for the home cell (L worst ,home) , i.e. a potential path loss between a UE operating in the home cell (the femto cell controlled by the HeNB) and the serving HeNB.
• the HeNB is configured to calculate/adjust the transmission power control parame ⁇ ters for an uplink transmission in the femto cell (home cell) .
• the HeNB may set power control parame ⁇ ters P 0 ,home and Xhome for the UEs connected to the HeNB such that a power control open-loop operating point for a path loss L worst/ home fulfils
• step S60 power control parameters for the (uplink) com munication in the femto cell are sent to UEs to connected to the HeNB, for example by broadcast or dedicated signal ⁇ ing .
• a UE connected to the femto cell is able to calculate/set the transmission power used, for example, in the uplink direction .
• Fig. 5 a flow chart illustrating a further example of an embodiment of the invention is depicted.
• Fig. 5 shows a procedure executed on the UE side for set ⁇ ting the transmission power according to the power control parameters retrieved at the HeNB side, for example.
• step S3 one or more uplink trans ⁇ mission power related parameters are received from a net ⁇ work control node controlling a communication in a first cell, e.g. from the HeNB controlling the femto cell to which the UE is connected or tries to be connected.
• the up- link transmission power related parameter (s) may correspond to those determined in a procedure according to Fig. 4, for example, i.e.
• ⁇ P 0 ,home and ot home which in turn are based on a relational parameter based on a relationship between a network node of the first cell (such as the HeNB) and a net- work node of a second cell (the macro cell) (such as the macro eNB) .
• step S4 also a path loss parameter indicating a path loss relative to the network node in the first cell is re ⁇ ceived.
• the received path loss parameter corresponds to L WO rst,home, while in another example of embodiments of the invention the path loss parameter may correspond to the path loss between the HeNB and the macro eNB, i.e.
• step S5 an uplink transmission power for a transmission in the first cell is calculated based on the trans ⁇ mission related parameter (s) and the path loss parameter.
• a procedure as illustrated in Fig. 6 may be executed. Spe ⁇ cifically, Fig. 6 shows a processing when the UE considers also a parameter indicating the worst case path loss in the femto cell, i.e.iller orst ,home ⁇
• step S100 the path loss parameter L worst ,home is received from the HeNB by suitable signalling. Then, in step S110, the UE determines the path loss L home which it has in the communication to the HeNB.
• This path loss L home may be influenced, for example, by obstacles like walls or the like.
• step S120 the parameters L hom e and L worst ,home are compared.
• the power-control open-loop operating point may be set on the basis of the received power control parameters derived from signalling of the HeNB, for example according to oL • 'O.home + U homc ' iom e ⁇ * oL.max ⁇ 3 '
• step S 1 3 0 the UE may start or continue a connec ⁇ tion to the femto cell with an uplink transmission power based on the power-control open-loop operating point ac ⁇ cording to equation ( 5 ) .
• step S 1 2 0 determines whether the connection to the femto cell (the HeNB in question) is inhibited or terminated.
• the power control open- loop operating point is set to the maximum allowed trans- mission power P 0 L, max for this UE . Furthermore, a handover of the UE to a neighboring cell, probably to the macro cell, is to be prepared. On the other hand, in case the UE is not already connected to the femto cell or does not camp on the femto cell, the UE ignores the femto cell (the HeNB) and searches for an alternative connection point.
• the HeNB the femto cell
• step S 1 5 0 the UE reports the determined path loss parameter L home to the serving HeNB so as to ini- tiate the handover procedure by indicating that the path loss to the HeNB exceeds L worst , home .
• the UE may use immediately after handover to this HeNB a predefined power control open-loop operating point
• PoL,init- This predefined power control open-loop operating point P 0 L,init may be preset in the UE or transmitted from a network node, such as the HeNB. Then, the UE may adjust this operating point after information on the path loss be- tween the UE and the HeNB gets available.
• the power control open-loop operating point is set to P 0 L,max for this UE and the HeNB shall prepare a handover to a neighbouring cell, which will typically be the macro cell.
• P oLAnit ⁇ P 0,hom ⁇ ? + a home L worst om e P oL,max ( ⁇ 6) '
• a procedure as illustrated in Fig. 7 may be exe- cuted.
• Fig. 7 shows a processing when the UE considers also parameters indicating path losses between the home (femto) cell and the macro cell, i.e. between the HeNB and the macro eNB as well as between the UE and the macro eNB.
• the UL power control procedure exploits available information on the path loss L macr0 ,uE between the UE in a home cell and neighbouring macro eNBs as well as information on the path loss L macro ,HeNB between the serving HeNB and neighbouring macro eNBs.
• step S200 similar to step S110 in Fig. 6, the UE determines the path loss L hom e which it has in the femto cell in a communication to the HeNB (i.e. the path loss be ⁇ tween the HeNB and the UE, L He NB UE) ⁇
• step S205 information on the path loss between the serving HeNB and neighbouring macro eNBs (L macro , H eNB) which may be derived as described in Fig. 4 by the HeNB, are re- ceived in the UE .
• path loss information for the UE related to the macro cell are determined or ob ⁇ tained.
• this path loss information from a UE to a neighbouring macro eNB may be obtained through meas ⁇ urement reports from the UE .
• the UE may determine the path loss to the neighboring macro eNB autonomously when it is capable to read the broadcast information of the macro eNB. This is likely to be the case when the path loss L home to the HeNB is high, i.e. the critical cases when the power control open-loop operating point obtained for the HeNB may not be valid for the UE .
• the (serving) HeNB may support the path loss measurements of the UE for a certain macro eNB by forwarding broadcast information detected for that macro eNB. Another option would be to store available broadcast information of neighbouring cells in the UE which could be used later when the UE is no longer capable to detect this information.
• an adjustable parameter referred to as home is provided which is to be used with regard to the path loss information L macro ,HeNB and L macr0 ,uE in the calculation of the transmission power.
• an uplink transmission power i.e. an appropriate power control open-loop operating point, may be calculated in step S230 on the basis of the following equation (7), considering a certain macro eNB (to which the path loss parameters are related) :
• the adjustable parameter i mme in equation (7) may be set to 0, so that the path loss information related to the macro cell are ignored.
• the value thereof may depend on a relation between the path loss parameters related to the macro cell, i.e. L macr0 ,uE and L macr0 ,HeNB, for example a difference value according to L macr0iUE - L macr0iH eNB-
• L macr0iUE - L macr0iH eNB For example, in the case Lmacro,uE L macr0r HeNB r s maximum value for ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ close to 1 may be set in order to rule out UL in ⁇ terference from the home cell to the macro cell.
• the set value of home may decrease with the difference L macr0 ,uE - L macr0 , H eNB in the case that L macr0 ,uE >
• a macro eNB cell may be identified, if necessary, by its transmission power and bandwidth value setting which may be read by the HeNB from macro eNB broadcast cannel and/or by the fact that macro eNB utilizes open subscriber group type scrambling code.
• the HeNB may adjust the parameters autonomously e.g. based on own measurements of the surrounding Macro eNB.
• the HeNB may consider path loss measurements (derived from RSRP and Tx power), and/or power control parameters, and/or further parameters provided by the network.
• the network may also signal a power margin and/or a worst case path-loss.
• the HeNB is required to adjust the power control parameters such that no user connected to it transmits with more than P Tx - P marg in, where P Tx is a poten ⁇ tial transmit power given by standard power control formu ⁇ las and where P0 and a have to be adjusted to fulfil the equation .
• the maximum allowed transmit power for a UE may be increased beyond the value of P Tx - P mar gin if the path loss of a UE to the macro NB exceeds the path loss for the HeNB to the macro NB .
• a block circuit diagram of a network element 10 like a HeNB is shown which is configured to implement the power control parameter setting according to examples of embodiments of the invention. It is to be noted that the network element 10 may comprise several further elements or functions besides those described in connection with Fig. 8 which are omitted herein for the sake of simplicity as they are not essential for understanding the invention.
• the network element 10 may be configured, for example, to execute a power control parameter setting according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and may comprise a processing function or processor 11, such as a CPU or the like, which executes in ⁇ structions given by programs or the like related to the power control.
• the processor 11 may comprise further portions dedicated to specific processings described below. Portions for executing such specific processings may be also provided as discrete elements or within one or more further processors, for example.
• Reference signs 12 and 13 denote transceivers or input/output (I/O) units connected to the processor 11 (or corresponding other elements comprising the functions of the further portions) .
• the I/O unit 12 may be used for communicating with UEs connected to the HeNB (the femto cell) .
• the I/O unit 13 may be used for communicating with other network elements, for example the eNB of the macro cell, an OAM entity and the like.
• the I/O units 12 and 13 may also be combined in one member, such as a transceiver unit or the like, or may comprise a distrib ⁇ uted structure with a plurality of different interfaces.
• Reference sign 14 denotes a memory usable, for example, for storing data and programs to be executed by the processor 11 and/or as a working storage of the processor 11.
• the processor 11 is configured to execute processings re ⁇ lated to the power control parameter setting described in examples of embodiments of the invention.
• the relational parameter may be obtained, transmission power related parameters may be calculated, path loss related pa ⁇ rameters may be determined and/or received and/or sent, pa ⁇ rameters for the power control are measured and/or re ⁇ ceived, macro cell (s) may be identified, and the like.
• a block circuit diagram of a network element 20 like a UE is shown which is configured to implement the power control parameter setting according to examples of embodiments of the invention. It is to be noted that the network element 20 may comprise several further elements or functions besides those described in connection with Fig. 9 which are omitted herein for the sake of simplicity as they are not essential for understanding the invention.
• the network element 20 may be configured, for example, to execute a power control parameter setting according to Fig 5, Fig. 6 or Fig. 7 and may comprise a processing function or processor 21, such as a CPU or the like, which executes instructions given by programs or the like related to the power control.
• the processor 21 may comprise further por- tions dedicated to specific processings described below. Portions for executing such specific processings may be also provided as discrete elements or within one or more further processors, for example.
• Reference sign 22 denote a transceiver or input/output (I/O) unit connected to the processor 21 (or corresponding other elements comprising the functions of the further portions) .
• the I/O unit 22 may be used for communicating with the network, in particular the HeNB and the macro eNB (if required) to which the UE may be connected (the femto cell or the macro cell) .
• I/O unit 12 may also comprise a distributed structure with a plurality of different interfaces.
• Reference sign 23 de ⁇ notes a memory usable, for example, for storing data and programs to be executed by the processor 21 and/or as a working storage of the processor 21.
• the processor 21 is configured to execute processings re ⁇ lated to the power control parameter setting described in examples of embodiments of the invention. For example, transmission power related parameters may be received and processed, uplink transmission power values may be calcu ⁇ lated, path loss related parameters may be determined and/or received and/or sent, parameters for the power con ⁇ trol may be measured and/or received, initial power set- tings may be determined and used, and the like.
• the local (low power) network control element i.e. the HeNB
• the HeNB the power control parameter setting/adjustment autonomously.
• the power control parameter setting for the femto cell is not done by the HeNB itself, but under control of one or more external entities.
• the external entities may especially provide parameters for the power control procedure of the HeNB.
• the macro eNB, the operation and management entity (OAM) , a neighbor home eNB, a HeNB gateway element, or any combination of these entities may be used.
• the HeNB may deliver spe ⁇ cific information to the external entity, for example meas ⁇ urements related to the macro cell ( L macr0iH eNB or the like) and/or other information to the said network node, such as
• a block circuit diagram of a network element 30 such as an OAM entity, a (macro) eNB, another HeNB, a HeNB gateway element or the like, is shown which is configured to implement the power control parameter setting according to further examples of embodiments of the invention.
• the network element 30 may comprise sev ⁇ eral further elements or functions besides those described in connection with Fig. 10 which are omitted herein for the sake of simplicity as they are not essential for under ⁇ standing the invention.
• the network element 30 may be configured, for example, to execute a (modified) power control parameter setting ac ⁇ cording to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4 and may comprise a processing function or processor 31, such as a CPU or the like, which executes instructions given by programs or the like related to the power control.
• the processor 31 may comprise further portions dedicated to specific processings described below. Portions for executing such specific processings may be also provided as discrete elements or within one or more further processors, for example.
• Reference signs 32 and 33 denote transceivers or input/output (I/O) units connected to the processor 31 (or corresponding other elements comprising the functions of the further portions) .
• the I/O unit 32 may be used for communicating with the HeNB (the femto cell) to be controlled.
• the I/O unit 33 may be used for communicating with other network elements, for example an eNB of a macro cell where the controlled HeNB is lo ⁇ cated, an OAM entity and the like.
• the I/O units 32 and 33 may also be combined in one member, such as a transceiver unit or the like, or may comprise a distributed structure with a plurality of different interfaces.
• Reference sign 14 denotes a memory usable, for example, for storing data and programs to be executed by the processor 31 and/or as a working storage of the processor 31.
• the processor 31 is configured to execute processings re ⁇ lated to the power control parameter setting described in examples of embodiments of the invention, i.e. to deter ⁇ mined corresponding control commands for a HeNB or the like.
• the relational parameter may be ob ⁇ tained
• transmission power related parameters may be calcu ⁇ lated
• path loss related parameters may be determined and/or received and/or sent
• parameters for the power con ⁇ trol may be measured and/or received
• macro cell (s) may be identified
• commands to the controlled HeNB may be prepared and sent for adjusting the power control parameter setting, and the like.
• an access technology via which signaling is transferred to and from a network element or node may be any technology by means of which a node can access an access network (e.g. via a base station or generally an access node) .
• Any pre ⁇ sent or future technology such as WLAN (Wireless Local Ac ⁇ cess Network) , WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Micro- wave Access) , BlueTooth, Infrared, and the like may be used; although the above technologies are mostly wireless access technologies, e.g. in different radio spectra, ac ⁇ cess technology in the sense of the present invention im ⁇ plies also wirebound technologies, e.g.
• IP based access technologies like cable networks or fixed lines but also circuit switched access technologies; access technologies may be distinguishable in at least two categories or access domains such as packet switched and circuit switched, but the existence of more than two access domains does not im- pede the invention being applied thereto,
• - usable access networks may be any device, apparatus, unit or means by which a station, entity or other user equipment may connect to and/or utilize services offered by the access network; such services include, among others, data and/or (audio-) visual communication, data download etc . ;
• a user equipment may be any device, apparatus, unit or means by which a system user or subscriber may experience services from an access network, such as a mobile phone, personal digital assistant PDA, or computer;
• any method step is suitable to be implemented as software or by hardware without changing the idea of the invention in terms of the functionality implemented;
• CMOS complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
• ECL emitter Coupled Logic
• TTL Transistor-based circuitry
• any method steps and/or devices, units or means likely to be implemented as software components may for example be based on any secu ⁇ rity architecture capable e.g. of authentication, authori ⁇ zation, keying and/or traffic protection;
• devices, apparatuses, units or means can be implemented as individual devices, apparatuses, units or means, but this does not exclude that they are implemented in a dis ⁇ tributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device, apparatus, unit or means is preserved,
• an apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of an apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code por ⁇ tions for execution/being run on a processor;
• a device may be regarded as an apparatus or as an assem ⁇ bly of more than one apparatus, whether functionally in co ⁇ operation with each other or functionally independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example.
• the power control parameters of a HeNB are adjusted according to the position of the femto cell with respect to the served area of the "umbrella" Macro eNB .
• the HeNB may adjust the pa ⁇ rameters autonomously, e.g. based on own measurements of the surrounding macro eNB, wherein path loss measurements, power control parameters and further parameters, such as a power margin and/or a worst case path-loss, provided by the network are considered.
• the HeNB adjusts the power control related parameters such that no UE connected to it trans ⁇ mits with more than a predetermined maximum power.
• an apparatus comprising obtaining means configured to obtain a relational parameter based on a relationship between a network node of a first cell and a network node of a second cell, and processing means configured to calculate an uplink transmission power related parameter used for determining an uplink transmission power for the first cell based on the relational parameter.
• an apparatus comprising receiving means configured to receive an uplink transmission power related parameter from a network control node controlling a communication in a first cell, the transmission power related parameter is based on a relational parameter based on a re ⁇ lationship between a network node of the first cell and a network node of a second cell, and to receive a path loss parameter indicating a path loss relative to the network node in the first cell, and processing means configured to calculate an uplink transmission power for a transmission in the first cell based on the transmission related parame ⁇ ter and the path loss parameter.

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