EP2494316A1 - Système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons - Google Patents

Système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons

Info

Publication number
EP2494316A1
EP2494316A1 EP10744576A EP10744576A EP2494316A1 EP 2494316 A1 EP2494316 A1 EP 2494316A1 EP 10744576 A EP10744576 A EP 10744576A EP 10744576 A EP10744576 A EP 10744576A EP 2494316 A1 EP2494316 A1 EP 2494316A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
ultrasonic transducer
flow
particle
acoustic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10744576A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Beat Kissling
Yaoying Lin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Publication of EP2494316A1 publication Critical patent/EP2494316A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/662—Constructional details

Definitions

  • Ultrasonic transducer wherein the first ultrasonic transducer at least a first
  • Ultrasonic transducer element and at least a first coupling element, wherein the first ultrasonic transducer element in operation acoustic signals via the first coupling element can be emitted and received, which first and second
  • Ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a measuring tube for determining the flow over a transit time difference principle so that propagate the acoustic signals along at least one signal path in the measuring tube between the first and the second ultrasonic transducer.
  • Ultrasonic flowmeters are widely used in process and process
  • the known ultrasonic flowmeters often work after the Doppler or after the transit time difference principle.
  • running time difference principle the different maturities of ultrasonic pulses are evaluated relative to the flow direction of the liquid.
  • ultrasonic pulses are sent at a certain angle to the pipe axis both with and against the flow.
  • the runtime difference can be used to determine the flow velocity and, with a known diameter of the pipe section, the volume flow rate.
  • ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency are coupled into the liquid and the ultrasonic waves reflected by the liquid are evaluated. From the frequency shift between the coupled and reflected waves can also determine the flow rate of the liquid. Reflections in the liquid occur when air bubbles or
  • Piping be installed. Such systems are for. B. from EP 686 255 B1, US 4,484,478 or US 4,598,593.
  • a ultrasonic flowmeter that operates on the transit time difference principle is known from US 5,052,230.
  • the transit time is determined here by means of short ultrasonic pulses, so-called bursts.
  • a burst signal is a limited number of oscillations of predetermined frequencies, given duration and thus determined bandwidth.
  • the ultrasonic transducers normally consist of an electromechanical transducer element, e.g. a piezoelectric element, also called piezo for short, and a coupling layer, also known as a coupling wedge or a rare lead body.
  • the coupling layer is usually made of plastic, the piezoelectric element is in industrial process measurement usually from a
  • Piezoceramic In the piezoelectric element, the ultrasonic waves are generated and passed over the coupling layer to the pipe wall and passed from there into the liquid. Since the speeds of sound in liquids and plastics are different, the ultrasonic waves are refracted during the transition from one medium to another. The refraction angle is determined to a first approximation according to Snell 's Law. The angle of refraction is thus dependent on the ratio of the propagation velocities in the media. Between the piezoelectric element and the coupling layer, a further coupling layer may be arranged, a so-called adaptation layer.
  • adaptation layer Between the piezoelectric element and the coupling layer, a so-called adaptation layer.
  • Adaptation layer assumes the function of transmission of the
  • Another embodiment shows a single ultrasonic transducer with a coupling element, which is designed as a lens to focus the ultrasonic signal in the measuring tube. A measurement of the flow is not provided in this document.
  • Measuring tube determined with the Doppler measuring principle. Ultrasound signals are emitted in the form of waves, focused by an acoustic lens and reflected by particles in the measuring medium. Reflections are greatest in the immediate vicinity of the focus. From the frequency shift between the coupled and
  • US 5,533,408 discloses an ultrasonic flowmeter having a
  • each configured sensors are provided. Between the sensors of the two measuring principles is switched when exceeding or falling below a predetermined reading.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a simple ultrasonic flow measuring system with which the number of particles per
  • Volume unit and / or the particle size, from a predetermined order of magnitude, of particles in a measuring medium can be determined.
  • the object is achieved by an ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system, with a first ultrasonic transducer and at least one further, second
  • Ultrasonic transducer wherein the first ultrasonic transducer at least a first
  • Ultrasonic transducer element and at least a first coupling element, wherein the first ultrasonic transducer element in operation acoustic signals via the first coupling element can be emitted and received, which first and second
  • Ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a measuring tube for determining the flow over a transit time difference principle that propagate the acoustic signals along at least one signal path in the measuring tube between the first and the second ultrasonic transducer, for example at an angle less than 90 ° to the measuring tube axis, wherein at least the first coupling element is designed as an acoustic lens, and wherein the ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system has an evaluation unit, suitable for amplitude analysis of reflection signals of the reflected from the particles to the first ultrasonic transducer acoustic
  • the evaluation unit the amounts of the amplitudes of the reflection signals received from the first ultrasonic transducer can be determined, and wherein the evaluation unit, the number of amplitudes in a predetermined time interval are counted, which are greater than a predetermined threshold value.
  • the evaluation unit is suitable for detecting and evaluating amplitudes of signals of the acoustic reflection signals received by the first ultrasound transducer element, which reflection signals reflected back from particles in the measurement medium to the first ultrasound transducer, are acoustic signals emitted by the first ultrasound transducer. With the evaluation so the amplitudes of these, received by the first ultrasonic transducer, reflection signals are analyzed, at least their amounts which are greater than a predetermined threshold, can be determined and wherein at least their number in one
  • Threshold the particle sizes of the particles are determined in the medium. This is done via an assignment of the amplitude amounts to particle sizes. Thus, only particles of a given size can be determined. There is both one
  • Minimum size as well as a maximum size of the particles. If the particles are larger than the maximum size, they can no longer be differentiated in size.
  • the maximum size is essentially due to the focusing of the lens. From the number of amplitudes, which amplitudes are greater than a predetermined threshold, of the received reflection signals in a predetermined time interval, the particle concentration of particles of a predetermined
  • the first coupling element has a first contact surface, which contacts the measuring medium during operation, and at least one further, second contact surface, on which the first ultrasonic transducer element is arranged and fastened.
  • the first contact surface has, for example, a contour with an acoustically effective radius of curvature greater than 5 mm. In particular, this acoustically effective radius of curvature is greater than 10 mm. According to one embodiment, the acoustically effective radius of curvature is at most 150 mm, in particular at most 50 mm. The radius of curvature depends on the measuring tube diameter and / or the
  • Lenses are conventionally limited by at least one ellipsoidal surface or sphere.
  • a sphere has the same curvature everywhere, which is why lenses are definable over the curvature. The same applies to an ellipsoid.
  • Fresnel lenses are divided into a plurality of, for example, annular sections, which can be approximated by prisms in cross section through the Fresnel lens. Ideally, the annular sections of a Fresnel lens form a section of a
  • the acoustically effective radii of curvature and the focal lengths of a lens are linked together via the refractive indices. These in turn depend on the speed of sound in the measuring medium or in the coupling element.
  • Fresnel lens may be the small thickness of the lens compared to conventional lenses.
  • the first coupling element is designed to be very thin, as a result of which it can act as an adaptation layer between the measuring medium and the ultrasound transducer element, by detecting the impedances of both
  • Ultrasonic transducers are aligned with each other, and the lens of the first
  • Ultrasonic transducer is designed so that propagates an acoustic signal between the two ultrasonic transducers on at least a first signal path. Therefore, this inline ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system is suitable, the flow of the medium through the measuring tube by means of a
  • the diameter of the particles is based on a model concept. Actually, the reflective surface is crucial to the reflection signal. However, the particles are assumed to be spheres in the model. The particles are not larger
  • ⁇ ⁇ in particular they have a diameter not greater than 10 ⁇ , and the measuring medium is not cloudier than 100FNU, or the turbidity of the measuring medium is e.g. less than 10FNU. If the measurement signal is very dim, the acoustic signal may be absorbed and flow measurement is no longer possible. Therefore, only measuring media should be measured which are still clear to the human eye. Here is no highly accurate
  • Turbidity measurement needed can provide the already existing ultrasonic flowmeter, if it
  • the inventive method is the retrofitting of an existing ultrasonic flow measuring system with at least one first coupling element, which is designed as a lens.
  • first coupling element which is designed as a lens.
  • Invention is the height of the predetermined threshold in operation adjustable and / or when exceeding the predetermined threshold, an alarm can be output.
  • turbidity measurement system can with an inventive
  • the particles Due to the focusing by means of the acoustic lens, the particles are determined only in a small volume of the flow of the measuring medium in the measuring tube.
  • This volume depends on the acoustically effective radius of curvature of the lens ROC, the speed of sound in the lens Ci_ens and in the measuring medium CMedium and the wavelength of the acoustic signal A M edium-
  • the volume can be assumed to be cylindrical, for example, and is then referred to as a focal tube.
  • Particle measuring a control unit such as a microprocessor, suitable for exciting the first ultrasonic transducer element for emitting an acoustic signal of a first form, in particular a first burst signal sequence, and suitable for excitation of the first ultrasonic transducer element for emitting an acoustic signal of a second form, in particular a second Burst signal sequence, which is different from the first form, in particular which first burst signal sequence is thus different from the second burst signal sequence.
  • burst signals are used for measuring transit time.
  • the same signals can be used for both flow and particle measurement, or, with simultaneous flow and particle measurement, the same signal.
  • the signals for flow measurement differ from those for particle measurement.
  • the differences may be in the number of individual bursts in the burst bursts and / or in the spacing of the individual bursts in the burst bursts and / or in the pulse shapes of the burst bursts be based on individual burst signals. With only a few bursts in a burst burst, the signal energy is lower than many bursts.
  • the ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system is further developed in this way.
  • the ratio of focal length of the acoustic lens in aqueous measuring media to a diameter of the measuring tube is at least 0.2. According to one embodiment of the solution, the ratio is between 0.4 and 0.6.
  • Ultrasonic transducers are mounted in the measuring tube. In order not to influence the flow too much, they protrude, if at all, only to a small extent into the flow
  • Measuring tube into it They have a fixed distance to each other, which with the
  • Diameter of the measuring tube correlated. Through the lens and its focus, the first acoustic is bundled; a first signal cone is modeled. In the signal propagation direction after focusing, the acoustic signal is fanned out again, it widens. This creates a second model
  • Focal point of the lens touched - it creates, in the model, a double cone. So that enough signal energy arrives at the second ultrasonic transducer, the ratio of the focal length of the acoustic lens to the distance between the two should
  • Ultrasonic transducers are not less than 0.2, in particular not less than 0.4, wherein the distance between the first and the second ultrasonic transducer is measured in particular between the medium-contacting surfaces.
  • Coupling element of the first ultrasonic transducer which as an acoustic lens
  • Coupling element made of a polymer, e.g. made of PEEK or PVC.
  • Ultrasonic transducer elements consist of e.g. from a piezoceramic.
  • a piezoceramic disk is glued to a first contact surface of the first coupling element as the first ultrasonic transducer element.
  • On a customarily arranged between the coupling element and the ultrasonic transducer element matching layer is omitted.
  • the piezoceramic disk is thus in direct contact with the coupling element, with only an adhesive layer in between.
  • liquid couplings e.g. conceivable with grease or high-viscosity oil instead of the glue.
  • Ultrasonic transducer element with a transmission frequency of at least 5 MHz excitable. Most ultrasonic transducer elements are excited at a certain resonant frequency. They have a relatively narrow usable frequency range. Therefore, the reception frequency is usually in an area around the
  • An advantage of a high transmission frequency are the small wavelengths of the resulting acoustic signal which increases the resolution during the particle measurement - small particles are registered, since these also reflect back an echo.
  • the measuring tube has an approximately circular cross section, with a diameter of at least 20 mm, in particular at least 30 mm. At the most it is
  • Measuring tube diameter for example 150mm or e.g. even only 120mm.
  • Ultrasonic transducers in particular their lenses, are selected accordingly.
  • the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a
  • Ultrasonic transducer and at least one further, second ultrasonic transducer which are arranged in a measuring tube so that the acoustic signals along at least one signal path in the measuring tube between the first
  • acoustic signals from the first ultrasonic transducer both for determining the flow of the measured medium through the measuring tube by means of a transit time difference measurement, as well as for detecting particles in the measuring medium by means of an amplitude analysis of reflection signals of the particles to the first ultrasonic transducer reflected acoustic Signals, ie the reflections of the acoustic signal to the particles, are generated.
  • the acoustic signals generated by the first ultrasonic transducer are focused according to the invention via an acoustic lens.
  • the acoustic lens has at least one focal point, which lies in a volume in the measuring tube. Acoustic signals are modeled along a straight signal path. In reality, their spread depends on many factors and is e.g. lobar.
  • the particle sizes of the particles in the measuring medium at which these reflection signals were reflected are determined from the amplitudes of the received reflection signals, which are greater than a predefined threshold value.
  • the particle size is thus determined by the amount of the received amplitude of the reflection signal, or otherwise called the echo.
  • an alarm is output, when a predetermined threshold value and / or alarm is exceeded when exceeding a predetermined number of particles greater than a predetermined threshold value in a predetermined time interval.
  • the height of the predetermined threshold value is adaptable in operation, e.g. by the user or it is automatically adjusted depending on process parameters such as e.g. the
  • Measuring medium and the particles contained in the medium in particular their acoustic impedance compared to the acoustic impedance of
  • Reflection signals in a given time interval ie from their
  • the particle concentration is determined in the measuring medium.
  • Ultrasonic transducer element provides a voltage signal, which in one
  • the first ultrasonic transducer element also picks up noise which is referred to as noise in the voltage signal. If a threshold value analysis of the signal is now carried out, only those values are processed further and thus recognized as particles which are above this predetermined threshold value. These amplitudes or peaks are counted on the one hand and thus closed on the frequency of particles and on the other hand on the amount determines the particle size.
  • a further development of the invention provides that the first ultrasonic transducer is excited to a first burst signal sequence for transit time difference measurement and is excited to particle measurement to a second burst signal sequence, wherein the first burst signal sequence is different from the second burst signal sequence.
  • Runtime difference measurement and the particle measurement can be used. In principle, both measurements can also be carried out in parallel with the same signal.
  • Ultrasonic transducer excited to a transmission frequency greater than 5 MHz.
  • Transmitting frequency may also be higher than 10 MHz, e.g. also 20 MHz. As for the
  • the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures, in each of which an embodiment is shown. Identical elements are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inventive ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system
  • Fig. 2 shows an ultrasonic transducer of an ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 inventive ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system 1 is shown schematically.
  • the central axis through both ultrasonic transducers 2, 3 is intended to model a signal path
  • Both ultrasonic transducers 2, 3 each have an acoustic lens 10 here. By this ultrasonic signals between the two ultrasonic transducers 2, 3 are focused in the measuring tube 8. In the following, only the first ultrasonic transducer 2 will be considered in more detail. In this exemplary embodiment, both ultrasonic transducers 2, 3 are configured identically, so that the statements apply to both ultrasonic transducers 2, 3. However, only the first ultrasonic transducer 2 may be equipped with an acoustic lens 10.
  • the focal point of the acoustic lens 10 of the first ultrasonic transducer 2 is in the volume for particle measurement 11.
  • This volume 1 1 results from the focusing of the lens. It is here drawn in a rotationally symmetrical manner about the signal path 9 and in the illustrated cross-section substantially elliptical. In this
  • Volumes become particles through reflections of the acoustic signal to the
  • Particle measuring system 1 can be used to measure flow in parallel or sequentially and to count particles; united in a measuring device.
  • the structure is not significantly different from a conventional ultrasonic flowmeter. Therefore, it is inexpensive to manufacture. Due to the simple amplitude analysis, the particles can be registered for flow measurement without much extra effort.
  • a proper use of the ultrasonic flow and particle measuring system according to the invention is e.g. in a piping system
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of a first invention
  • Ultrasonic transducer 2 This comprises a first ultrasonic transducer element 4, e.g. a high-frequency piezoceramic.
  • This ultrasonic transducer element 4 can convert both electrical signals into mechanical vibrations and thus into acoustic signals, as well as acoustic signals in electrical. It thus acts as a sensor and as an actuator.
  • the ultrasonic transducer element 4 transmits and receives acoustic signals via a first coupling element, which is designed as an acoustic lens 10.
  • the coupling element or the acoustic lens 10 has a plurality of surfaces, a first contact surface 6, which contacts the measuring medium in the measuring tube during operation and a second contact surface 7, which is in contact with the ultrasound transducer element 4.
  • the ultrasonic transducer element 4 is glued directly to the second contact surface 7 of the acoustic lens 10, without another
  • the ultrasonic transducer element 4 is connected via two cables 13 and a plug-in connection 14 with a transmitter, not shown.
  • a so-called backing may be provided, a vibration damper, which is connected directly to the ultrasonic transducer element 4.
  • the lens 10 is here designed as a plano-concave lens, with a first contact surface 6, which has a predetermined radius of curvature, here for example 14 mm, and a flat second contact surface 7. Similarly, the lens 10 could be considered
  • Fresnel lens be configured with a, having a contour, so a contoured first contact surface 6, which has a similar acoustically effective radius of curvature.
  • a Fresnel lens is in several segments or
  • the step height of a Fresnel lens is given, for example, by ⁇ * ⁇ / 2, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the acoustic signal in the coupling element and n is a natural number.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons (1) comprenant un premier transducteur à ultrasons (2) et au moins un autre, deuxième transducteur à ultrasons (3), le premier transducteur à ultrasons présentant au moins un premier élément de transducteur à ultrasons (4) et au moins un premier élément de couplage (5), des signaux acoustiques pouvant être émis et reçus en fonctionnement par le premier élément de transducteur à ultrasons (4) par l'intermédiaire du premier élément de couplage (5), lesquels premier et deuxième transducteurs à ultrasons (2, 3) sont disposés dans un tube de mesure (8) pour déterminer le débit de telle façon que les signaux acoustiques se propagent le long d'au moins un chemin de signal (9) dans le tube de mesure (8) entre le premier et le deuxième transducteur à ultrasons (3), ce premier élément de couplage (5) étant conçu comme une lentille acoustique. Le système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons (1) comprend une unité d'évaluation appropriée pour analyser l'amplitude de signaux de réflexion des signaux acoustiques réfléchis par des particules vers le premier transducteur à ultrasons (2), l'unité d'évaluation pouvant compter pendant un intervalle de temps prédéfini un nombre d'amplitudes des signaux de réflexion qui sont plus grandes qu'une valeur seuil prédéfinie. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de déterminer le débit d'un fluide de mesure à travers un tube de mesure (8) et de détecter des particules dans le fluide de mesure avec le système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons (1) selon l'invention.
EP10744576A 2009-10-29 2010-08-17 Système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons Withdrawn EP2494316A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009046159A DE102009046159A1 (de) 2009-10-29 2009-10-29 Ultraschall-Durchfluss- und Partikelmesssystem
PCT/EP2010/061950 WO2011051006A1 (fr) 2009-10-29 2010-08-17 Système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2494316A1 true EP2494316A1 (fr) 2012-09-05

Family

ID=43383424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10744576A Withdrawn EP2494316A1 (fr) 2009-10-29 2010-08-17 Système de mesure de débit et de mesure de particules à ultrasons

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2494316A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009046159A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011051006A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010031128A1 (de) * 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Ultraschall-Partikelmesssystem
DE102010031129A1 (de) 2010-07-08 2012-01-12 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Ultraschall-Partikelmesssystem
EP2684037B1 (fr) * 2011-06-15 2015-08-12 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Système et procédé de détection d'objets dans un système fluide
DE102013102810A1 (de) 2012-04-12 2013-10-17 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Verfahren zur Erfassung und/oder Überwachung des Feststoffgehalts bei der Rohwasserförderung aus Brunnen
DE102014010375B4 (de) 2014-07-12 2021-06-17 Diehl Metering Gmbh Ultraschallwandleranordnung sowie Ultraschallwasserzähler
DE102014111732A1 (de) 2014-08-18 2016-02-18 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Feldgerät für die Automatisierungstechnik
DK3256862T3 (da) 2016-01-18 2021-05-25 Gwf Messsysteme Ag Forbedret stråleformende akustisk signalgennemløbstidsstrømningsmåler
CN116908055B (zh) * 2023-07-13 2024-06-21 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 一种测量管内颗粒粒径方法、装置和计算机设备

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Publication number Publication date
DE102009046159A1 (de) 2011-05-05
WO2011051006A1 (fr) 2011-05-05

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