EP2493757A1

EP2493757A1 - Rudder for ships

Info

Publication number: EP2493757A1
Application number: EP10779491A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank Herbst
Original assignee: Van Der Velden Barkemeyer GmbH
Current assignee: VAN DER VELDEN BARKEMEYER GMBH
Priority date: 2009-10-29
Filing date: 2010-10-28
Publication date: 2012-09-05
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-28
Also published as: HRP20180194T1; DK2493757T3; EP2493757B1; NO2493757T3; DE102009046162A1; WO2011051388A1; PL2493757T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade that is rotatably mounted on the hull of the ship, a rudder post connected to the rudder blade, and a rudder trunk which lies on the hull of the ship and which extends into a recess of the rudder blade with a trunk pipe that receives the rudder post. The rudder blade (11) is supported on the trunk pipe (200) by a lower support (21) and by an upper support (22), which is offset to the lower support (21) along the trunk pipe (200). In this manner a rudder for ships is provided, said rudder enabling the absorption of bending forces exclusively by the trunk pipe so that the rudder post must not absorb any bending forces.

Description

Oars for ships

description

The invention relates to a rudder for ships according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a rudder comprises a rudder blade rotatably mounted on a hull, a rudder shank connected to the rudder blade, and a rudder box integrated into the hull and cantilevered on one side and extending into a recess of the rudder blade with a coker tube receiving the rudder stock.

In such, for example, from DE 25 55 098 B1 known rudder, for example, made of wrought iron Kokerrohr is connected to a ship's hull and extends in the manner of a Kragträgers from the hull in a designated recess of a rudder blade. In the Kokerrohr the rudder shaft is guided, which connects the rudder blade with a rowing machine and is operated for rotating the rudder blade for the purpose of a course change, course correction or price stabilization in the operation of a ship. In the rudder known from DE 25 55 098 B1, an inner bearing for supporting the rudder stock and, on the other hand, an outer bearing for supporting the rudder blade on the coker pipe are provided on the end of the coker pipe remote from the hull. By the storage on the one hand of the rudder stock and the other hand, the rudder blade on the Kokerrohr ensures that during operation of a ship caused by force on the rudder blade bending forces can be absorbed by the Kokerrohr and introduced into the hull. With the arrangement of DE 25 55 098 B1 thus a partial decoupling of bending forces and torsional forces (which are introduced via the rudder shaft for rotating the rudder blade) is achieved. A complete decoupling of bending forces and torsional forces - ie a recording of bending forces exclusively on the Kokerrohr and an exclusive transfer of torsional forces on the rudder stock - is not possible with this arrangement, however, since at least the end of the rudder stock mounted on the Kokerrohr is always claimed to bending. Object of the present invention is to provide a rudder for ships, which allows a recording of bending forces exclusively on the Kokerrohr, so that the rudder stock does not have to absorb bending forces.

This object is achieved by an article having the features of claim 1.

It is provided that the rudder blade is mounted on the Kokerrohr via a lower bearing and an offset to the lower bearing along the Kokerrohr, upper bearing.

In the arrangement of DE 25 55 098 B1, the support on the coker tube via an inner bearing for the storage of the rudder stock on the one hand and on a Au ßenlager for storage of the rudder blade on the other hand. The support is thus at least partially still on the rudder stock, which is mounted in the region of the lower end of the Kokerrohres on this and thus at least with its lower end also has to absorb bending forces.

Turning away from this, the present invention provides for providing two outer bearings on the Kokerrohr, which support the rudder blade relative to the Kokerrohr. The bearings may in this case be designed as plain bearings which absorb only radial forces, ie as radial bearings, so that they introduce lateral bending forces acting on the rudder blade in the radial direction into the coker pipe and directly into the hull via the coker pipe. Due to the fact that the rudder blade is mounted on the coker tube via two axially staggered bearings, the rudder stock does not absorb any bending forces acting on the rudder blade. A storage of the rudder stock on Kokerrohr is not required and advantageously not provided to avoid overdetermined storage, so that the rudder stock is not supported on the hull of the manner of a Kragträgers projecting Kokerrohr. The rudder stock is used solely to initiate a torsional force in the rudder blade to place the rudder blade. From Rudder blade and rudder shaft existing rudder assembly is exclusively on the camp, which act between the acting of the hull in the manner of a cantilever protruding Kokerrohr and the rudder blade, stored on the Kokerrohr. The storage is thus realized solely by Au ßenlager, which support the rudder blade, so that the rudder stock itself is not stored directly on the Kokerrohr, but only indirectly via the rudder blade.

In this way, a complete separation of the inclusion of bending forces on the one hand and the introduction of torsional forces on the other hand is achieved.

Bottom bracket for supporting the rudder stock on Kokerrohr in the rudder blade area are not required.

Due to the fact that the rudder stock does not have to absorb any bending forces, the rudder stock can be made lighter and cheaper. This reduces on the one hand the manufacturing effort, and on the other hand, the arrangement is also in large ships with large rudder blades (which can weigh more than 100t) used, which are supported in operation in a reliable manner by the Kokerrohr. Furthermore, it is possible to make the corresponding rudder blades slimmer and thus more hydrodynamically favorable because the thickness of the bearings used can be reduced.

Advantageously, the lower bearing is arranged at a lower end of the Kokerrohres and the upper bearing on Kokerrohr in the upper, the ship's hull-facing edge of the rudder blade to achieve the greatest possible distance between the lower bearing and the upper bearing and thus a favorable leverage to effect.

It is also conceivable in this context to provide more than two bearings for supporting the rudder blade on the Kokerrohr, for example, an upper bearing, a lower bearing and one or more arranged between the upper and lower bearing further bearing. All these bearings can be designed as exclusively radial forces receiving plain bearings.

The rudder stock is advantageously received in an inner bore of the Kokerrohres, the rudder stock, however, a sufficient game to Kokerrohr has, so that can not get into contact with the Kokerrohr in operation even with large loads of the rudder blade of the rudder stock.

For reasons of stability and for the advantageous introduction of force into the ship's hull, the coker tube may be conically shaped at least in sections such that its outer diameter increases towards the end connected to the ship's hull, wherein the inner diameter of the coker tube is substantially constant. As a result, the wall thickness of the Kokerrohres increases to the hull and is suitable to take even large bending forces and initiate into the hull.

In order to provide contact surfaces for the radially acting bearings available, the Kokerrohr in the region of the lower bearing and the upper bearing each having a cylindrical bearing portion against which the lower bearing and the upper bearing and support the rudder blade relative to the Kokerrohr. If more than two bearings are provided, correspondingly cylindrically shaped bearing sections can be provided on the coker tube.

If the bearings which are arranged on the rudder blade during assembly and are attached to the coker tube together with the rudder blade are designed as closed rings, an assembly of the rudder blade on the coker tube is only by attaching the rudder blade from below onto the coker tube on the ship's hull possible. In order to allow mounting of the rudder blade on the Kokerrohr in a direction perpendicular to the axial extension direction of the Kokerrohres, but is also possible and advantageous to run the example designed as radial plain bearing bearings as a split bearing such that the rudder blade are attached laterally to the Kokerrohr can and thus a simple lateral mounting of the rudder blade on the ship is possible. The bearings are thus not in the form of a closed ring, but can be divided into at least two halves (in this case forming) halves, which are joined together during assembly to form a closed ring and form the bearing in the assembled state.

In particular, the upper bearing is advantageously designed as a shared bearing in this sense, to facilitate the assembly of this upper bearing at the top, the ship's hull facing area of the Kokerrohres. The fact that - due to the storage of the rudder assembly exclusively on the camps between rudder blade and Kokerrohr on the nature of Au ßenlagern - the rudder stock no longer has to absorb bending forces, it is still possible to form the rudder stock in the axial direction of several parts, for example, in two parts, the individual rudder shank parts are interconnected by a coupling so that the torsional forces to be transmitted via the rudder stock can be introduced into the rudder. Conceivable is a rigid connection of the rudder stem parts with each other, but also a hinged coupling. In this way, the rudder length can be limited to a technologically favorable level: In a two-piece rudder stock then instead of a single long piece (which may have a length of more than 10m in large ships), two pieces each with half the length and then only connected with each other. This considerably facilitates the production of the rudder stock. The rudder stock can thus be not only thinner and therefore lighter than conventional formed by the storage of the rudder shaft and rudder blade rudder assembly on the rudder blade on the Kokerrohr - without direct support of the rudder shaft on Kokerrohr, but also in several parts composed of several pieces. This makes the production of the rudder stock much easier and less expensive, because the rudder stock no longer has to be forged in one piece, which is a significant advantage in particular for large-vessel rudders (which can use rudder stems of overall length greater than 10 m) Currently, there are only a few manufacturing sites worldwide that can even produce such one-piece rudders on these scales). The rudder stem parts can rather be made in individual, separate pieces and subsequently connected (rigidly coupled and articulated).

In an advantageous embodiment, the rudder trunk in addition to the manner of a Kragträgers from the hull in the recess of the rudder blade extending lower Kokerrohres an upper Kokerrohr, which extends at least partially in the hull. The upper coker tube is in connection with the lower coker tube and serves to receive the rudder stock in the area of the ship's hull. In order to save costs and reduce the weight of the Kokerrohres total, this upper Kokerrohr may be at least partially made of plastic, such as a fiber-reinforced plastic composite produced. This is based on the knowledge that the upper Kokerrohr must at least partially absorb no large forces in the region of the hull and therefore may be made weaker. The upper Kokerrohr may therefore be made in sections of plastic, which still ensures sufficient power absorption with significant weight reduction and causes a sealing sheathing of the rudder stock in the area of the ship's hull.

The formation of the upper Kokerrohres at least partially made of plastic is to be regarded as an independent inventive idea and can also be used independently of the storage of the rudder blade on the manner of a Kragträgers trained lower Kokerrohr.

The idea underlying the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a rudder of a ship;

Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway view of a rudder of a ship; Fig. 3 is a sectional view through the rudder blade, the Kokerrohr and the

Rule of a rudder and

1 to 4 show a rudder 1 of a ship, in which a rudder blade 10 about a rotation axis D is rotatably arranged on a hull 2. In a conventional manner, the rudder blade 10 is in this case arranged in the flow direction in advance of the ship behind a rotatable about a propeller shaft 30 about a propeller shaft 3 propeller 3 and connected to a rudder stock 1 1, for turning the rudder blade 10, a torque in the rudder blade 10th initiates and thus the rudder blade 10 for the purpose of a course change, course correction or price stabilization.

As is known per se, for example, from embodiments of full-rudder booms, in the rudder illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, a rudder trunk 20 is provided for supporting the rudder blade 10 on the hull 2. The rudder trunk 20 is formed by a kind of Kragträgers from the hull 2 protruding, in a recess 101 in the rudder blade 10 extending lower Kokerrohr 200 and an upper Kokerrohr 205 which receive the rudder stock 1 1 in an inner bore 204.

The rudder blade 10 has in its interior a rib structure 103, which ensures the structural stability of the rudder blade 10. The recess 101 in the rudder blade 10 for receiving the Kokerrohres 200 is box-shaped, extending from the upper, the hull 2 facing side of the rudder blade 10 in the rudder blade 10 and is sealed by lateral, watertight welded ribs 102 to the interior of the rudder blade 10 back ,

The rudder blade 10 may be wholly or partly made of steel or a plastic composite, in particular a fiber-reinforced composite. The rudder stock 1 1 is connected at its upper end with a rowing machine and at its lower end with the rudder blade 10. For connection to the rudder blade 10, the rudder stock 1 1 has a lower cone-shaped end portion 1 1 1, which is arranged in a clamp 100 welded to the rudder blade 10 and forms a press bond with the block 100. For this purpose, a nut 1 13 is attached to a threaded end 1 12 of the rudder stock 1 1, which causes a pressing fit of the end portion 1 1 1 in the block 100.

At its upper end of the rudder stock 1 1 is held by a thrust bearing 1 14, which sets the rudder stock 1 1 in the axial direction and the rudder blade 1 1 holds the rudder blade 10. The thrust bearing 1 14 is thereby received by the surrounding fixed ship structure 203 on the hull 2, as shown in Fig. 3. In another embodiment, the thrust bearing 1 14 may also be integrated into an operating at the upper end of the rudder shaft rowing machine for actuating the rudder. The lower Kokerrohr 200 serves to support the rudder blade 10. To thereby initiate by force on the rudder blade 10 bending forces in the hull 2, a lower bearing 21 and an upper bearing 22 are provided in the sense of the present invention, via the rudder blade 10 at the coker tube 200 is mounted. The bearings 21, 22 are in this case designed as exclusively radial forces receiving plain bearings and support the rudder blade 10 in the radial direction relative to the Kokerrohr 200 from, but not in the axial direction along the axis of rotation D. The lower bearing 21 is arranged in the region of the lower end 200a of the Kokerrohres 200 and the upper bearing 22 in the region of the hull 2 facing upper edge of the rudder blade 10 at a connected to the hull 2 section 200b of Kokerrohres 200 (see FIG. 3). , Due to the arrangement of the bearings 21, 22 at the lower end 200a of the Kokerrohres 200 and in Beeich the upper edge of the rudder blade 10, the bearings 21, 22 spaced from each other by a relatively large distance, so that an advantageous leverage for the introduction of bending forces on the Kokerrohr 200 is achieved in the hull 2.

By providing only the rudder blade 10 supporting bearings 21, 22 it is achieved that the rudder stock 1 1 does not have to absorb bending forces, but the bending forces are completely introduced via the bearings 21, 22 in the Kokerrohr 200 and this in the hull 2. Additional bearings for supporting the rudder stock 1 1 with respect to the lower Kokerrohr 200 are not provided.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 4, the coker tube 200 extending into the recess 101 is cone-shaped at least in sections and has an outer radius DA which increases towards the ship's hull 2, wherein cylindrical bearing sections 201 are formed in the region of the bearings 21, 22 , 202 are provided, over which the bearings 21, 22 are supported on Kokerrohr 200. Since the inner diameter DI of the bore 204 is substantially constant, the Kokerrohr 200 is amplified toward the hull 2 out and designed to be able to initiate bending forces in the hull 2 in an advantageous manner.

At the lower end 200a of the Kokerrohres 200 may additionally be provided a seal which serves to seal the rudder stock 1 1 relative to the Kokerrohr 200 and prevents water can penetrate into the interior of the Kokerrohres 200. As can be seen, for example, from FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the rudder stock 1 1 is arranged with play in the rudder trunk 20, wherein the rudder stock 1 1 can, for example, have a radial clearance of 10 to 50 mm to the coker pipe 200. It is essential here that during operation, even with large bending forces, it is prevented that the rudder stock 1 1 can come into contact with the coker pipe 200. The upper Kokerrohr 205 envelops the rudder stock 1 1 on its way through the hull 2. The upper Kokerrohr 205 serves here for a power and on the other hand the envelope, the forces acting in this area forces are much lower than in the region of the lower Kokerrohres 200th This allows the upper coker tube 205 to be made, at least in sections, of plastic, in particular a fiber-reinforced composite, so as to save weight, simplify manufacture and reduce costs.

In particular, the upper Kokerrohr 205 may be formed in its upper portion of the length LK (see Fig. 3) made of plastic. The forces acting in this area are low, so that the requirements for the strength and strength of Kokerrohres 205 are reduced in this area.

The idea underlying the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can in principle be realized even in completely different types of embodiments. In particular, the arrangement according to the invention can also be used with fin rudders, asymmetrical rudders twisted at the front edge (so-called "twisted rudders") and also with one-piece full-rudder booms.

For example, more than two, e.g. three or four bearings along the Kokerrohres 200 distributed to be provided for storage of the rudder blade.

The fact that the rudder stock does not have to absorb any bending forces in the described arrangement makes it possible to dimension the rudder stock to a smaller extent in order to save material and weight, or to use other materials such as plastic composites for producing the rudder stock. Due to the fact that the rudder stock no longer has to absorb bending forces, it is also possible to construct the rudder stock in several parts in the axial direction, for example in two parts, whereby the individual rudder stock parts are interconnected by a coupling in such a way that the torsional forces to be transmitted via the rudder stock are introduced into the rudder can be. Conceivable is a rigid connection of the rudder stem parts with each other, but also a certain area articulated coupling, such as other well-known torque transmitting shafts. In this way, the rudder length can be limited to a technologically favorable level by making two pieces, each with half the length of a two-piece rudder stock instead of a single long piece (which may have a length of more than 10m in large vessels) and only then together be connected, which greatly simplifies the production of the rudder stock.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 oar

10 rudder blade

100 cocks

101 recess

102 planking

103 rib structure

1 1 rudder stock

1 10 shaft section

1 1 1 Konusförm ^{'hydrochloric} end portion

1 12 threaded end

1 13 mother

1 14 thrust bearings

2 ship hull

20 oarsman

200 coker tube

200a end

200b section

201, 202 Cylindrical bearing section

203 Support bearing housing or fixed ship structure

204 bore

205 Upper coker tube

21, 22 bearings

3 propellers

30 propeller shaft

D rotation axis

DA outside diameter

DI inside diameter

LK length

P propeller axis

Claims

claims

1 . Oars for ships, with

a rudder blade rotatably mounted on a ship's hull,

a rudder shaft connected to the rudder blade and

a rudder trunk disposed on the hull, which extends into a recess of the rudder blade with a rudder shaft receiving the rudder shank, characterized in that the rudder blade (1 1) via a lower bearing (21) and one to the lower bearing (21) along the Kokerrohr (200) offset, upper bearing (22) on the Kokerrohr (200) is mounted.

2. rudder according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower bearing (21) and the upper bearing (22) are each formed as exclusively radial forces receiving sliding bearing.

3. rudder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rudder stock (1 1) is not mounted directly on the Kokerrohr (20).

4. rudder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower bearing (21) at a lower end (200 a) of the Kokerrohres (200) and the upper bearing (22) in the region of an upper, the hull (2) facing edge of the rudder blade (10) is arranged.

5. rudder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Kokerrohr (200) has an inner bore which receives the rudder stock (1 1).

6. rudder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Kokerrohr (200) is at least partially conical in shape such that its Au ßendurchmesser (DA) to its connected to the hull (2)

Increases towards the end.

7. rudder according to claim 6, characterized in that the Kokerrohr (200) in the region of the lower bearing (21) and the upper bearing (22) each have a cylindrical bearing portion (201, 202).

8. rudder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower bearing (21) and the upper bearing (22) are formed divided so that the rudder blade (10) in a direction perpendicular to the axial extension direction of the Kokerrohres (200) the Kokerrohr (200) is mountable.

9. rudder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rudder stock (1 1) is made of at least two parts which are coupled together to form the rudder stock (1 1).

10. rudder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rudder trunk (20) has an upper Kokerrohr (205) which extends at least partially through the hull (2) and in its interior the rudder stock (1 1) receives.

1 1. Rudder according to claim 10, characterized in that the upper Kokerrohr (205) is at least partially formed of plastic, in particular a fiber-reinforced plastic composite.